DE10017786B4 - Arrangement of electrical machines whose rotors are each to be connected to a wheel of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

arrangement of electric machines (EM1 .. EM4) whose rotors are each with a wheel (VR, VL, HR, HL) of one of an internal combustion engine (VM) driven motor vehicle (motor vehicle) are rotatably connected, the electric machines with an electronic control unit (ECU), which is set up depending on at least one sensor signal (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS) one or several of the electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) motor or generator to operate.

Description

Background of the invention

The The invention relates to an arrangement of electrical machines whose Each rotors to connect to a wheel of a motor vehicle are powered by an internal combustion engine. Especially is the invention an arrangement of electrical machines, each of which rotates with a wheel of a motor vehicle is connected, wherein the electric machines of a common operated electronic control unit.

in the Motor vehicle area are currently almost exclusively hydraulic Brakes are used in which pressurized hydraulic fluid acting on a piston which frictionally engages a friction element with a disc or drum that rotates with the wheel connected is. This arrangement has proven itself insofar as so that at relatively high dynamics large forces are exerted on the friction element can. However, the effort is for the cable routing for the Hydraulic fluid relatively high. Furthermore wear out the friction elements and must exchanged regularly become. The disc or drum is also exposed to wear and occasionally be replaced. Furthermore The brake is a negatively influencing the driving characteristics relatively large unsprung mass, which is in a recess of the rim of the wheel is arranged. Therefore, there is an aspiration to this technique Alternati ven, preferably electrical or electronic alternatives to find.

It gives a number of approaches, to replace the hydraulic fluid lines by electrical lines. One of these approaches is to provide an electrical brake signal via electrical lines from Brake pedal (over an electronic control) to the wheels and only directly on the Wheel over Electro-hydraulic converter, the friction element in frictional engagement to bring with the disc or drum (so-called semi-dry brake).

One further approach dispenses with the electro-hydraulic Transducer and instead puts in function of the electrical Brake signal the friction element by means of appropriate electrical Actuators in frictional engagement with the disc or drum (so-called. dry brake).

Indeed has not got any of these solutions yet can enforce because they all still with significant performance losses or compromises in the Safety in proportion to the very mature hydraulic brake systems are afflicted. This is especially true for Braking systems in which by means of a corresponding electronic Control Anti-lock, Anti-Slip, Electronic Stability, Vehicle Dynamics, or other functions are realized.

The DE 195 37 945 discloses a tracked vehicle having a drive motor coupled to an electric generator for powering electric motors, the electric motors driving associated drive sprockets and thus outboard chains of the vehicle.

Out DE-OS 19 30 501 a four-wheeled motor vehicle is known with all four wheels by individual, at the wheels arranged electric motors are driven. To drive the Electric motors is provided an oscillating piston generator.

The invention is based problem

outgoing From this situation, the invention is based on the problem that Disadvantages of the above arrangements overcome and a possibility to provide on the one hand by the hydraulic brake systems on the other hand also a different way than the previous ones electrical or electrohydraulic brake systems.

Inventive solution

The inventive solution this Task consists in an arrangement of electrical machines whose Rotors each with a wheel one of an internal combustion engine driven motor vehicle to be connected rotationally fixed, wherein the electric machines with an electronic control unit connected, which is arranged depending on of at least one sensor signal one or more of the electrical To operate machines by motor or generator.

Advantages of the invention

This across from conceptually completely new to the recent motor vehicle brakes Approach allows the application of the required braking torque with the necessary dynamics without the use of the previously considered necessary held friction elements with the disc or drum. Also allowed For the first time, this concept is not just about dissipating energy the brake but for the first time the targeted acceleration of individual Wheels, provided this as part of an anti-lock, anti-slip, electronic Stability, Fahrdynamik-, or the like. Operation is desirable.

In addition, can This concept also briefly compensated for an interruption of the drive train as occurs, for example, in a transmission shift. This has the further advantage that the manual transmission considerably can be simpler, since the previously required synchronizer rings can be omitted, because with the elec tric machines on the wheels, the speed of the input and output shaft of the gearbox can be kept constant.

advantageous Further developments of the invention

In a first embodiment The invention is at least one of the electrical machines the output side of a differential gear of the motor vehicle is arranged. This has the advantage that the previous, in the center Disc or drum brake arranged in the wheel is omitted, see above that the unsprung mass of wheels significantly reduced.

Preferably is the or each electric machine on the output side over a Reduction gear, preferably a planetary gear (for example with a reduction ratio from 1: 5 to 1:10) with the respective wheel of the motor vehicle connected. Thus, an electric machine can be used the relatively compact builds and has a high speed.

Especially in motor vehicles that have no four-wheel drive is at least one of the electric machines on a journals of a non-driven Wheel of the motor vehicle arranged.

In a first - simple - embodiment the electronic control unit has at least one signal input, the for receiving a driver braking request reproducing brake signal is set up. This brake signal is by a so-called. Electronic Brake pedal generated, not as usual on a linkage a pneumatic / hydraulic brake booster acts. Much more In this case, a displacement or angle encoder is used with a resiliently supported Brake pedal is coupled to generate the electric brake signal.

Farther the electronic control unit has at least one signal input, for receiving a rotational behavior of a wheel reproducing Turn signal is set up. This wheel speed sensor corresponds a sensor, such as those associated with known Anti-lock braking systems is used to block a wheel to recognize.

In a further embodiment of the Invention, the electronic control unit has at least one signal input to the Reception of the greed behavior of the motor vehicle reproducing Yaw rate signal is set up. It's related to that with the above-described functionality of the invention, not just brake also drive torques targeted at individual wheels exercise, the yaw of a Motor vehicle particularly fast influence on the one hand individual wheels braked and at the same time tuned other wheels by the electric Machines are accelerated.

According to the invention electronic control unit connected to the electrical machines via control ports is about the rotational behavior of one or more wheels depending on at least one signal applied to one of the signal inputs in the Sense of acceleration or deceleration and / or blockage of respective wheel influence to take.

The electronic control unit has a signal input stage for the each of the signal inputs adjacent signals, a signal processing stage for the the signal input stage coming signals, and a drive stage for the Motor or generator operation of electrical machines dependent on from the signal processing stage having generated drive signals.

there the control stage has at least one inverter stage that is set up with an electrical machine connected to it electrical energy in engine operation to act or to take energy from this in generator operation.

Besides that is in a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the electronic control unit is arranged from one of the electrical machines in generator mode taken energy at least partially into another of the electrical Feed in machines during motor operation. This allows one particularly energy-efficient design of the Gesantanordnung with a Energy source (accumulator) whose peak capacity is lower can be designed.

The electronic control unit can also be set up to advantage be taken from one of the electrical machines in generator mode To feed energy at least partially into an energy store. This measure provides a return of the otherwise only in heat safely converted braking energy.

Brief description of the drawing

1 shows a schematic representation of a drive train of a motor vehicle with four wheels, in which the invention is realized.

Detailed description of the drawing

In 1 four wheels VR, VL, HR, HL are shown a rear-wheel drive motor vehicle with a (four-cylinder) internal combustion engine VM, whose output shaft is connected via a clutch K to a manual transmission SG. On the output side, the gearbox SG is connected via a hinge shaft GW via two joints G1, G2 to the input side of a differential gear AG. On the two output shafts of the differential gear AG is in each case a rotor of an electric machine EM1, EM2 arranged via a planetary gear PG1 and PG2. In this way, the respective electric motor EM1, EM2 can exert on the shaft journals W1, W2 connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the respective wheel HR, HL a rotational movement superimposed on the rotational movement coming from the internal combustion engine VM. This rotational movement or the torque exerted by the respective electric machine EM1, EM2 is thus independent of the rotational movement or the torque that comes from the internal combustion engine VM both in magnitude and in the direction of rotation. In this way, the respective wheel HR, HL can be both driven and decelerated.

The both in the present embodiment non-driven front wheels VR, VL each have one over Joints G3, G4 pivotable axle journal A1, A2, at the respective an electric machine EM3, EM4 is arranged. This electrical Machines EM3, EM4 are also via corresponding planetary gearboxes PG3 or PG4 with the wheels VR, VL rotatably coupled. So can with the electric machines EM3, EM4 either on the wheels VR, VL be applied to this driving torque. In appropriate Way can also be a rotational movement of the wheels VR, VL slowed down can, in which the respective one of the electric machines EM3, EM4 in regenerative operation absorbs torques and into electrical energy transforms. As electric machines EM1 .. EM4 come for the invention basically all kinds of electric machines are considered. However, preference is given Asynchronous or reluctance machines.

At each of the wheels VR, VL, HR, HL is a speed sensor SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL arranged, the one for each the speed of each wheel characteristic digital pulse signal produce. These characteristic digital pulse signals are transmitted via corresponding Lines an electronic control unit ECU supplied. This Electronic control unit ECU also becomes a driver brake request reproduced braking signal, which a driver by means of a so-called electronic brake pedal BP generated.

Of Further, with the electronic control unit ECU is also a yaw rate sensor GS, which serves the yaw-behavior of the motor vehicle reproducing yaw rate signal.

When outputs The electronic control unit ECU has drive connections for the electric Machines EM 1 .. EM4, which are controlled by a computer-controlled control be controlled so that the Rotational behavior of one or more of the wheels VR, VL, HR, HL depending of at least one of the sensor signals SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS in the sense of acceleration or deceleration and / or blockade of the respective wheel VR, VL, HR, HL is affected.

To the electronic control unit ECU has a signal input stage SES for the at each of the signal inputs applied sensor signals SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS. The signal input stage SES sets these signals to the correct levels or processable ones Signal sequences around. In a subsequent signal processing stage SVS, which contains a computer unit, these signals are processed, in a power drive stage LAS for motor or generator Operation of electrical machines EM1 .. EM4 amplified or to be implemented.

To the power drive stage LAS has at least one inverter stage WRS set up, one or each connected to it electric machine EM1 .. EM4 with electrical energy in the motor Operation or from this in regenerative operation To take energy. The from one of the electric machines EM1 .. EM4 extracted in regenerative operation energy is at appropriate Requirement at least partially in another of the electrical Machines EM1 .. EM4 fed in motor operation or at least partially fed into an energy storage ES. If the energy generated one or more of the electric machines EM1 .. EM4 not diverted directly into one of the other electrical machines can be, or even a feed into the energy storage ES can excrete in full, the surplus energy can by means of a Resistor assembly WA in heat be implemented. This resistance arrangement WA may possibly also in the chiller plant be arranged of the vehicle.

Claims (12)

Arrangement of electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4), whose rotors are each equipped with a wheel (VR, VL, HR, HL) motor vehicle (motor vehicle) driven by an internal combustion engine (VM) rotatably to connect, the electric machines with an electronic control unit (ECU) connected to it is set up, depending on at least one sensor signal (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS) or more of the electric machines (EM1 .. EM4) motor or to operate as a generator. Arrangement of electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the electrical machines (EM3, EM4) on the output side of a differential gear (AG) of the Motor vehicle is arranged. Arrangement of electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) according to claim 2, wherein the or each electric machine on the output side via a Reduction gear (PG1 .. PG4), preferably a planetary gear connected to the respective wheel (VR, VL, HR, HL) of the motor vehicle is. Arrangement of electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the electrical machines (EM1, EM2) on a journal (A1, A2) of a non-driven wheel (VR, VL) of the motor vehicle is to be arranged. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electronic Control unit (ECU) - at least having a signal input for receiving a driver's brake request reproducing brake signal (BP) is set up. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electronic Control unit (ECU) - at least having a signal input for receiving the rotational behavior a wheel reproducing rotary signal (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL) is set up. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electronic Control unit (ECU) - at least has a signal input that is responsive to the greed behavior of the motor vehicle reproducing yaw rate signal (GS) set is. Arrangement according to one or more of claims 4 to 7, wherein the electronic control unit (ECU) - with the electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) connected via control ports is about the rotational behavior of one or more wheels (VR, VL, HR, HL) depending of at least one signal applied to one of the signal inputs (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS) in terms of acceleration or deceleration and / or Blockade of the respective wheel (VR, VL, HR, HL) influence. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic control unit (ECU) - a signal input stage (SES) for at each of the signal inputs applied signals (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS), A signal processing stage (SVS) for the signals coming from the signal input stage (SVR, SVL, SHR, SHL, BP, GS), and - one Control stage (LAS) for the motor or generator operation of the electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) depending of drive signals generated by the signal processing stage (SVS). Arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the drive stage (LAS) has at least one inverter stage (WRS) to it is set up, an electrical machine connected to it (EM1 .. EM4) to apply electrical energy in motor operation or to remove energy from this in generator operation. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electronic Control unit (ECU) is adapted to one of the electric Machines (EM1 .. EM4) energy extracted during regenerative operation at least partially into another of the electrical machines (EM1 .. EM4) in motor operation. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electronic Control unit (ECU) is adapted to one of the electric Machines (EM1 .. EM4) energy extracted during regenerative operation at least partially into an energy storage (ES) feed.