DD201565A5 - descender - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for rappelling a person or load on a rope, wherein the rope is guided around a fixed slide cylinder arranged on a base plate. By the invention, a slight control of the deceleration rate is achieved, with bai any action by the abzuseilende person or by an assistant an absolutely safe deceleration is given to a standstill. The essence of the invention is that the cable 6 is further guided past a pivotally mounted with a lever 64 associated auxiliary slide 84, which is rotated by sliding past him the cable so that he presses the cable against a further braking surface 89. According to a further feature of the invention, this you power of a spring is utilized. Fig.1

Description

14 668 56

descender

Field of application of the invention:

The invention relates to a descender for rappelling a person or load on a rope, wherein the rope is guided around a fixed slide cylinder arranged on a base plate. ,

Characteristic of the known technical solutions;

Such descenders are known; see, e.g. US-PS 362 173, 2 691 478, 2 432 741, 848 235, 1 351 734, DE-PS 115 414, DE-OS 2 739 637, CH-PS 39 893. On the base plate, a seat belt, in which a person to be seated, or a load to be attached. Under the weight of the person, the abseiling device then slides down the rope »Due to the frictional force created when the rope slides around the stationary sliding cylinder, the abseiling device is decelerated · the friction force is exerted

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which arises on the fixed sliding cylinder, under certain circumstances, further surfaces are provided on which the cable slides past and thereby braked (see in US-PS 362 173 the guide eye (D) and the sliding cylinder (E)).

In these known descender devices, the speed can be regulated by the fact that the person who abseils on the abseil device, the rope handles and thus slows down or exerts a further braking force on the rope via a lever. If this is not the case, i. If the person to be ridden does not actively intervene in the abseiling process in order to increase the braking force, this will happen

 · is ;.

Abseil device at a speed downwards, which is determined solely by the braking force on the sliding cylinder.

But there are work situations in which one desires that the descender should stop on the rope when: the person does not intervene. That is, for example, anywhere in work situations, the case where at a certain level, '' ψ- about on a facade, a person with two free Hän- * want to work to, and should, while the process of drawing by acting on the brake assemblies on the 'descender initiates and controls. With others ; Words: in case of complete passivity of the abzuseilenden person, the device should stop.

Such a requirement may also be present in a hazardous situation to prevent a person from leaving the rope at uncontrollably high speed if, for some reason, e.g. because she has become unconscious, the / Abseilgeschwindigkeit can not slow down. That would cause injuries when hitting the ground. This disadvantage habel such Abseilgeräte, the

"Unlike the abseiling devices mentioned above, not with

a fixed GIeitzylinder, but) with a freely rotating in one direction of rotation and in the other

  *. · Ι ''.

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In the direction of rotation of the sliding cylinder (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 3,759,346 and 3,807,696).

Object of the invention:

The aim of the invention is to improve a descender of the type mentioned in such a way that on the one hand, the regulation of the deceleration rate is very easy, but on the other hand, in the absence of any action by the abzuseilende person or an assistant absolutely safe Abbremung to a standstill on the descender is guaranteed. Furthermore, it should be ensured that ea no entanglements or distortions, and no climbing of turns on adjacent turns can give. Furthermore, the simplest possible structure of the rope must be given.

Explanation of the essence of the invention;

The essence of the invention is that the rope - in addition to the guide to the fixed slide cylinder is also guided past a pivotally mounted connected to a lever Hilfsgleitkörper which is rotated by the friction of passing past him rope so that he against the rope pushes another braking surface.

Alternatively, a solution of the object is achieved in that the rope - in addition to the guide to the sliding cylinder - is guided past a pivotable / mounted connected to a lever Hilfsgleitkörper on which the force of a spring is so effective that it is the rope presses against another braking surface.

In both solutions of the stated goal is so common that another Hilfsgleitkörper is provided which presses in the unaffected state 4ag rope so strong against another braking surface that a complete deceleration

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until it stops. This is ensured in the former solution in that the Hilfsgleitkörper is mounted so that it is rotated or pivoted by the frictional force of the vorbeigleitenden rope and thereby presses the cable against the braking surface. So there is a self-clamping or self-locking, which is caused by the fact that when you slide down the abseil device on the rope, the pressure of the Hilfsgleitkörpers against the further braking surface always so long zunimnrt until the stoppage occurs. In the second solution, the same effect is caused by a spring. In both cases, the abzuseilende person (or an assistant) on a lever, with which the Hilfsgleitzylinder connected ί

I-

is, attack and move the Hilfsgleitzylinder in the opposite direction, ie in the direction against the self-clamping in the first solution and in the direction against the force of the spring in the second solution. ¹ If this is the case, then the frictional force on the rope becomes lower and the descender can descend. However, in the case of total passivity of the person to be stripped off, that is, when he wants to have both hands free and work at a particular location (when used as a work tool) or in case of unconsciousness or injury (when used as a rescue device), however, there is an increase the sinking speed absolutely excluded. It rather occurs a deceleration to a stop. In the case of use as a salvage equipment then the salvage of the person must be done in other ways.

Such a descender is particularly suitable for a single descent on the rope for the'Equipment of rooms in the upper floors of hotels, which are no longer accessible by conventional salvage facilities (ladders, etc ..).

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The decisive difference with respect to the abovementioned known abseiling devices is that the effect of the auxiliary sliding body is relaxed by the action of the abzuseilenden person, i. is reduced.

The former of the two solutions, which works with the self-clamping of the Hilfsgleitkörpers, which is caused by the friction of the passing of this rope is preferred when it comes for reasons of the highest reliability and heavy duty by rough handling to avoid a Pederteil, whose break could pose a threat. Finally, this solution also gives a particularly fine possibility of metering the speed.

A particularly important advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the base plate with two side plates arranged on it forms a frontally accessible chamber-like space in which the sliding cylinder, the Hilfsgleitkörper and the further braking surface are arranged, and that a cover is provided by the this room is lockable. In such a form of the housing, formed by a coverable chamber, the rope is on the one hand completely safely guided, on the other hand, it is easily removable. So you can use the descender several times in a row, because the rope can be easily removed and re-inserted in a new starting position. There are no hazards in the operational state by this easy conversion to take into account. In this embodiment, both the sliding cylinder and the auxiliary sliding body without splashing, i. be designed without special cable guide elements, which leads to a further simplification of the handling and the structural design.

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Embodiment:

Embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

Pig. 1: a first embodiment in the illustration with the lid open,

Pig. 1a: a representation of the use of the exemplary embodiment without the action of the person to be stripped off,

Pig. 2: a section along the line H-II in Pig. 1, Pig. 3: a section along the line IH-III in Pig. 1, Pig. 4: a section along the line IV-IV in Pig. 2,

Pig. 5: the embodiment of Pig. 1 with the lid closed, ie in ready-to-use condition,

Pig. 6: a modification of the embodiment of Pig. 1,

Pig. Fig. 6a is an illustration of the use of the modified Pig embodiment. 6

Pig. 7: a second embodiment in which a part of the fixed slide cylinder and the auxiliary slide body is broken away,

Pig. 8: a top view of the exemplary embodiment according to Pig. 7, but without broken parts,

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91 is a partial cross-section through the embodiment of FIG. 7 or 8,

10 shows a section along the line X-X in Fig. 7 or 9 »

11: a third embodiment,

12 is a view in the direction of arrows XII-XII in Fig. 11,

13 is a view in the direction of arrows XIII-XIII in Fig. 11,

FIG. 14: a section along the line XIY-XIV in FIG.

The descender according to the first embodiment has a base plate 1, on which a fixed sliding cylinder 2 is arranged. As can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a front open karamer-like housing is formed by that with the base plate 1, two side plates 71 and 72 are firmly connected. This chamber is closed by a cross-sectionally U-shaped cover 73 (see Fig. 1), which is articulated by screws 74 and 75 on the side plate 71. In FIG. 5, the lid is closed and fixed in this closed position by means of a helical screw 76 which is screwed into the threaded hole 77 (FIG. 1) in the side part 72. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the upper cover part 78 (corresponding in cross-section to FIG. 1 to the upper leg of the U) has a first cut 79. Similarly, the lower lid portion 80 (corresponding in cross section to the lower leg of the U) has a second notch 81. When the chamber is closed, that is to say in the position shown in FIG. 5, the cable 6 is cut through these two incisions.

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carried out. In addition, a guide pin 82 is still arranged on the base plate 1. To secure the rope 6 when walking around the fixed slide cylinder 2 also serves the Seilführungsklotz 14. The base plate 1 has an opening 34 in which by means of a snap hook 35 and a seat belt 36, a person who is to be abgeseilt is hung. The weight of the person is then effective on the base plate 1 in the direction of the arrow 38.

On the base plate 1 is also by means of a screw

83 arranged an auxiliary slider 84. The auxiliary sliding body 84 is pivotable about the bolt 83 which is screwed to the base plate 1. The bolt 83 is guided in a corresponding bore in the auxiliary sliding body 84. This bore is arranged eccentrically in the auxiliary sliding body 84. Like from Pig. 4, a gear 85 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary slider 84. This gear is offset with its axis of rotation relative to the Hilfsgleitkörper 84, so that it does not rotate eccentrically but normally concentric upon rotation of the Hilfsgleitkörpers 84 to the bolt 83. The gear 85 is engaged with a second gear 86 which is fixedly connected to the lever 64 which is rotatably supported by a pin 87 in the side part 72 and extends through a recess 88 in the side part 72 to the outside.

As can also be seen from Fig. 4, the side member 72 is formed in its upper portion in cross-section so as to give a curved braking surface 89. Like from Pig. 1, the cable 6 runs between the auxiliary slider

84 and the braking surface 89 therethrough.

The rope 6 is like Pig. 1a to be fixed with its upper end 6 ^f at any point from which a person wants to abseil. The rope runs from there

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into the descender and 1 1/2 times around the fixed sliding cylinder 2 around · Then the rope is passed around the Hilfsgleitkörper 84 and thus between the auxiliary slide body and braking surface 89. From there it runs down.

If a person is now descended with the aid of this abseiling device, the rope 6 slides from below in the direction of the arrow 39 into the descending abseiling device and over the auxiliary sliding body 84 and over the sliding cylinder 2. It runs in a counterclockwise direction and with a wrap angle of approx. 180 ° around the auxiliary slider 84 around. Then it runs on the sliding cylinder 2. It runs 1 1/2 times around the sliding cylinder 2 and from this back up out of the descender. In the process, the cable 6 is slowed down by the fact that, when running around the stationary sliding cylinder 2, braking is caused by friction. However, this braking force is not sb dimensioned that at normal weight of a person is not complete braking to a halt. Rather, results due to the deceleration of the fixed sliding cylinder 2 alone a normal lowering speed.

The further braking takes place with the aid of the auxiliary slide 84 and the braking surface 89 as follows:

a) The person who rappels with the descender does not affect lever 64:

The rope runs from bottom to top dur'oh the device in the direction of the arrow 39 through. By the frictional force between the cable 6 and the auxiliary slider 84, the auxiliary slider 84 is rotated counterclockwise about the pin 83. Since this is an eccentric movement about the pin 83, the cable 6 is thereby by the Hilfsgleitkörper 84 against the

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Brake surface 89 pressed. Thus, the rope 6 between auxiliary slide 84 and braking surface 89 selbstheramend and self-holding clamped. As long as there is still a sliding of the rope 6 on the Hilfsgleitkörper 84, this has the tendency to increase the force with which the Hilfsgleitkörper 84 pushes the cable 6 against the braking surface 89. As a result, a braking force is applied, which always leads safely to a standstill of the descender on the rope 6.

b) The person who abseils with the descender pushes the lever 64 upwards;

Thus, the gear 86 rotates counterclockwise, the gear 85 in a clockwise direction. Therefore, the auxiliary slider 84, which is fixedly connected to the gear 85, rotates clockwise and thus in a direction in which the distance between the auxiliary slider 84 and the braking surface 89 increases. Said self-reinforcing and self-retaining clamping action between auxiliary slider 84 and braking surface 89 is eliminated. The total braking force is not so strong that it comes to a complete stop. On the contrary, as already described, sliding occurs at a speed that depends on how large the radii of the sliding cylinder 2 and auxiliary sliding body 84 are, as well as the corresponding angle of wrap and the weight of the descender plus the person to be strung off.

Pig. Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment. The rope 6 is wrapped twice around the fixed sliding cylinder 2 and led out down from the descender. The upper lid portion 78 »accordingly has no opening, while in the lower lid portion 80, a correspondingly larger opening 81 'is provided. To the base plate 1, a tab 101 is welded on the upper side, which has an opening 102.

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- ¹¹ - άό LO / HU

The nature of the use of this modified embodiment is shown in Fig. 6a. The abseiling process takes place with an assistant H, who controls the lever 64 of the abseiling device,

1 · ..

which is designated in Fig. 6a with A, actuated. The descender A is attached by means of the opening 102 to a frame. This frame stands on a fixed surface 104 · Bs is thus a suspension of the descender at a fixed point. The abzuseilende person P is. with the seat belt 36 at the lower end 6 "of the down-run out of the descender rope 6 hooked.

So here is not the case as in the embodiment of Figure 1, given that the abzuseilende person "leaves the rope"; rather, the position of the abseiling device itself remains fixed. Considering the end 6 "to which the person to be sawn is fastened, as the front end, the rope runs from top to bottom through the descender.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 1a: after completion of the AbseilVorgangs, ie when the person P has dropped out of the seat belt 36, the rope 6 with the hanging at the bottom descender A is easy again .hochgezogen. Then, the lid 73 is opened, the rope taken out and in turn inserted so that it is located near the upper end 6 ^f . Then another person can be roped off.

6a, the lid 73 is first opened, then the rope is taken out and the end 6 "is pulled up, after which the rope is re-inserted so that the descender is then ready for another rappelling process is.

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In the embodiment of Pig «7 is also mounted on the base plate 1 of the sliding cylinder 2 with screws 5. The sliding cylinder 2 has splitter 3 or «, 4 · The guide eyelets 37 and 37 'serve for cable guide«, Above the sliding cylinder 2, a cable guide block 114 is provided, which surrounds the turns of the rope 6 on the sliding cylinder 2 like a chamber.

When the cable 6 moves in the direction of arrow 39 on the descender, it runs past the plate 52 and with a deflection of about 180 ° about the welded to the plate 2 cylindrical rod 53 "The side of the plate 52 forms the Braking surface 54 ₀ At this the rope 6 runs along. It is followed by the braking surface 55, which is formed by a part of the outer surface of the cylindrical rod * The rope runs on the sliding cylinder 2 1 1/2 times and then leaves through the Pührungsöse 37. The in Pig. 7 left side of the plate 52 is rounded and covers the space between the two Splash 2 and 3, thus forming a further chamber-like guidance of Seilsβ

As can be seen in Fig. 10, a plate 56 joins plate 52 at right angles to it. * It forms an integral part with plate 52 and rod 53. (The plate lies in front of the plane of the illustration in Fig. 1 and is there weggebrpchen.) Between the plate 56 and the base plate, a shaft 57 is rotatably arranged «, it forms the Hilfsgleitkörper» The rotatable arrangement takes place in that pins 58 and 59 of the shaft 57 in holes 60 and 61 of the plate 56 and the base plate As can be seen in FIG. 7, the cross-section of the shaft 57 in the region 62 is eccentric, so that an eccentric outer surface 63 results in this region. This outer surface is cut into the shaft 57 so that a guide is formed at the same time of the rope 6 yields »The wave 57 is with

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connected to the lever 64, with which the rotational position of the shaft 57 can be changed. Depending on. Position of the lever 54 and, the shaft 57, the cable 6 during the passage between the Außenf pool 63 of the shaft 57 and the braking surface 54 is pressed strongly against the braking surface 54. Depending on the friction that occurs when passing through the rope 6 between braking surface 54 and rope 6 and between the outer surface 63 and 6 rope, different strengths. On the other hand, in Pig. 1 dashed line position 64 'no deceleration. The rope 6 then passes freely.

The shaft 57 is on the in Pig. 4 right side provided with an annular groove 65. Therein, a torsion spring is arranged, which is inserted with its one end in an opening in the base plate 1, with its other end in an opening in the shaft 57 and biased so that it pushes the lever 64 in the direction of the arrow 28. As a result, the effect already described is achieved, namely that the outer surface 63 of the shaft 57 is pressed against the cable 6, unless the lever 64 is pressed by the person to be severed not upwards.

In the third embodiment, the sliding cylinder 2 is also fixedly arranged on the base plate 1. Around the sliding cylinder 2 around the rope 6 is also performed with 1 1/2 turns. It runs on the sliding cylinder 2 on den'unter crosspiece 8 of an oval Pührungsbügels 7, which is connected to a strut 9, which is fixed to the base plate 1 V3rschraubt. The oval guide bar (see Pig. 2) is formed by the two longitudinal webs 10 and 11, the lower cross bar 8 and the upper cross bar 12. The webs 8, 10, 11, 12 define a Pührungsöffnung 13 through which the cable 6 passes.

At the Seilführungsklotz .14 the lever 18 is pivotally hinged above. It consists of a flat iron 19 and a pipe piece 20 welded thereto. The upper end of the

' ^: , · Ζ; '- ;.' ^::. , ; .., - 14 -

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Flat iron 19 is a disc 21 firmly welded (see, Pig. 5). Through the upper end of the flat iron 19 and the disc 21 through a bore extends 22 ·, through which a bolt 22 is guided, which is firmly screwed into the cable guide block 14. The screw is secured by a further Schraubte 23, which acts on a smooth rotated cylindrical portion 24 of the screw 23. The lever 18 is thus pivotable about the bolt 22.

On the brake handle 18, the Hilfsgleitkörper 25 is fixedly mounted (see Fig., 12). Its arrangement on the brake handle is such (see Figo 1) that the cable 6, before it is deflected at about 180 ° at the lower crossbar 8 of the guide bracket 7, between the sliding cylinder 2 and the Hilfsgleitkörper is passed. pressed by the braking surface 25 'of the Hilfsgleitkörpers 25 against the surface of the turns of the cable 6, which lie on the sliding cylinder 2. This surface of the windings forms the further braking surface 25 ". The auxiliary sliding body 25 is provided with a flange 26 which prevents lateral slippage of the cable 6 in careless handling.

Between the sliding cylinder 2 and lever 18, a tension spring 27 is provided, which pulls the lever 18 in the direction of the arrow 28. It is attached at its end with the help of the Einhängeplättchen 30 and the screw 29 on the sliding cylinder 2; at its other end it is attached to the lever 18 by means of the Einhängeplättchens 31 and the screw 32.

At the upper end of the oval guide bracket 7, a rod 33 is welded, the. in the direction opposite arrow 28 represents a stop for the lever 18,

On the top of the base plate 1, a guide eye 37 is attached to secure the cable 6.

28 7 4. 8

The rope 6 takes the following path when descending the descender (see Pig. 1). It runs from below (arrow 39 in Pig. 1) to the descender. Then it passes between the braking surface 25 "(the turns of the rope 6 revolving around the sliding cylinder 2) and the braking surface 25 'on the auxiliary sliding body 25. It then runs to the transverse web 8 of the guide bracket 7 and is deflected by this about 180 °. The part of the surface of the transverse web 8, on which the cable 6 passes, is designated 8 'and also acts as a braking surface After the 180 ° T-deflection, the cable 6 runs on the stationary sliding cylinder 2 and 1 1/2 times or 2 1/2 times around this, then it runs upwards through the guide eyelet 37.

The cable is braked by frictional force (a) on the upper surface of the sliding cylinder 2, (b) on the braking surface 8 'of the transverse web 8, (c) on the braking surface 25' of the auxiliary sliding body 25 V of the auxiliary sliding body 25 and on the braking surface 25 ".

The braking force according to (c) can be varied by the person sitting in the seat belt 36 pushing the lever 18 against the direction of the arrow 28. If, on the other hand, the person to be strung leaves the lever 18 completely, the force exerted on the cable 6 by the braking surface 25 'is determined solely by the force of the tension spring 27. This is at least selected so that when released brake handle 18, the rate of descent is so slow that no danger to the person is given. It can also be set so high that the person comes to a complete standstill.

Claims (14)

- ^ - 232874 8 Invention claim: 1. abseiling device for abseiling a person or load on a rope (6), wherein the rope (6) around a on a base plate (1) arranged fixed sliding cylinder (2) is guided around, characterized in that «the rope (6 ) is further guided past a pivotally mounted with a lever (64) Hilfsgleitkörper (84), which is rotated by the friction of passing past him rope (6) so that he presses the cable against a further braking surface (89) (see Pig 1 - 6). 2. abseiling device according to item 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the Hilfsgleitkörper (84) is cylindrical and eccentrically mounted. 3. abseiling device according to item 1, characterized in that the connection of the Hilfsgleitkorpers (84) with the lever (64) via gears (85; 86) takes place. 4. Abseilgerät according to item 2 or 3 »characterized in that the braking surface (89) is substantially circular and over a predetermined range substantially concentric with the Hilfsgleitkörper (84). 5. abseiling device according to item 4, characterized in that the braking surface (89) in a on the base plate (1) along its side arranged side part (72) is provided. 6. abseiling device according to item 1, characterized in that the base plate (1) with two side plates arranged on it (71; 72) forms a frontally accessible chamber-like space in which the sliding cylinder (2), the Hilfsgleitkörper (84) and the additional braking surface (89) - 17 - -23 2 87 4 8 are arranged, and in that a cover (73) is provided, through which this space is closable. Descending device according to item 5 or 6, characterized in that the cover is U-shaped in its cross-section, wherein the two cover parts (78; 80) corresponding to the legs of the U terminate the housing at the top or bottom and with notches (79; 81 ) are provided for the passage of the rope (6). 8. abseiling device according to item 1, characterized in that the rope (6
is distracted. the cable (6) on the auxiliary slide (84) is turned by approximately 180 ° 9. abseiling device for rappelling a person or load on a rope (6), wherein the rope (6) is guided around a on a base plate (1) arranged fixed sliding cylinder (2), characterized in that the rope (6) further on a pivotally mounted with a lever (64, 18) connected auxiliary slide (57) is guided past where the force of a spring (66; 27) is so effective that he (6) against a further braking surface (54; ") (Fig. 7-14). Descending device according to item 9, characterized in that the auxiliary sliding body (57) is formed by a rotatably mounted cylindrical part (57) having an eccentric outer surface (63) against which the cable (6) passes (Fig. 7-10). 11. abseiling device according to item 10, characterized in that between Hilfsgleitkörper (57) and the opposite braking surface (54) on the one hand and the fixed sliding cylinder (2) on the other hand, a deflection of the rope (6) on another slider (51) by approx. 180 takes place. .- 18 - 232874 8 12. abseiling device according to item 10 or one of the following, characterized in that the eccentric outer surface (63) having region (62 ») in the cylindrical part (57) is incorporated such that a guide of the rope (6) results. 13 · descender according to item 9 _S, characterized in that the spring (63) is a torsion spring. 14 descender according to item 10, characterized in that the Hilfsgleitkörper (25) the rope (6) against the surface (25 ") on the fixed sliding cylinder (2) rotating cable turns suppressed (Fig. 11 - 13) · 15. abseiling device according to item 14, characterized in that between stationary sliding cylinder (2) and auxiliary sliding body (25) there is a deflection of the cable (6) by about 180 ° to a web (8), 16. abseiling device according to item 15, characterized in that the web (8) is part of a known guide bracket (7), which is formed by two longitudinal webs (10; 11) and two transverse webs (8; 12), between which a Opening (13) is formed, through which the cable (6) runs. Descent device according to item 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the auxiliary slide member (25) is designed as an auxiliary slide cylinder (25) arranged on the lever (T8). 18 abseiling device according to item 9 or one of the following, characterized in that the force of the spring (27) is dimensioned so that the total braking forces to which the rope (6) is exposed in the absence of the action of an assistant on the descender to complete Deceleration of the abzuseilenden person or load sufficient. - For this 12 sheets drawings -