CN88101606A - 利用双链核糖核酸与病毒抑制剂联合以治疗人病毒感染 - Google Patents
利用双链核糖核酸与病毒抑制剂联合以治疗人病毒感染 Download PDFInfo
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- CN88101606A CN88101606A CN88101606.3A CN88101606A CN88101606A CN 88101606 A CN88101606 A CN 88101606A CN 88101606 A CN88101606 A CN 88101606A CN 88101606 A CN88101606 A CN 88101606A
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Abstract
将双链核糖核酸(dsRNA)与抗病毒药协同性地 联合以治疗病毒性疾病,其中dsRNA,特别是失配 的dsRNA在针对人体病毒致病原(主要是ARC和 爱滋病)的联合疗法中作为核心药物起了强有力的和 多效能的作用。
Description
本发明涉及到ds RNA与其他能抑制或控制病毒活性或能治疗病毒性疾病的材料协同性地联合应用。本发明还涉及到此治疗中所应用的药剂组合物。
双链核糖核酸(ds RNA),例如多聚I·多聚C,可起诱发抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节的生物反应调节剂的作用。在引起这些生物反应的多效作用中,是干扰素(IFN)和其它细胞素的诱导作用以及某些干扰素诱导酶的活化,其中包括2,5-寡腺苷酸合成酶和与核糖体相联结的蛋白质激酶。这些特性使双链核糖核酸在人免疫缺陷病毒(HⅣ)感染的治疗中成为有吸引力的受选药。人免疫缺陷病毒是引起获得性免疫缺陷症群(爱滋病)的反录病毒。实际上,失配的r(I)n·(C12-14′U)n型ds RNA或称Ampligen R(美国马里兰州,罗克维尔,HEM研究公司,联邦注册商标),对人毒性低,对体内或体外HⅣ感染有效,当今广泛应用于受控的与爱滋病相关的症状群(ARC)的临床实验。
美国爱滋病研究基金会(Am FAR)当前列出受过试验的用于治疗爱滋病和ARC的药物在60种以上。在联合疗法中单味药物疗法的巨大潜力因可能的协同作用而增加。相反,象在体外用叠氮胸核苷(AZT)和三氮唑核苷所证明的那样,联合疗法也可能有拮抗作用,为此,我们决定以实验来说明在ARC和爱滋病的治疗中使用失配的ds RNA的全部可能性,实验以HⅣ作为原型病毒病原体。我们通过在活体外多种药物的分析,研究了以失配的ds RNA作为核心药与至少拥有五种不同攻击病毒方式的其它药物的联合。这些药物中包括r IFN-αA,r IFN-βSer 17和r IFN-r作为细胞素,以叠氮胸腺核苷和膦甲酸盐(Foscarnet)作为逆转录抑制剂;三氮唑核苷作为控制适当的m RNA覆盖机制的公认中断剂;二性霉素B作为有抗HIV作用的脂质结合分子;并以粟籽豆素作为糖蛋白过程(1)的抑制剂。在这些药物中的一种药,即叠氮胸核苷,在活体外发挥了与失配的ds RNA相协同的作用,下面将作详细介绍。现发现这些药物中的每一种药物单独地具有由剂量决定的抗-HIV作用,这种作用是在最有效的剂量上与ds RNA相协同的。
本发明包括在病毒性疾病的治疗中ds RNA,主要是失配的ds RNA,与运用范围很广的一些抗病毒剂的协同性联合的应用。给病人的联合用量足以抑制病毒活性,抑制病毒的表达,或二者均可抑制。下面将介绍含有ds RNA和另一种抗病毒剂的药物组合物,以及这种联合所表现出的协同作用的结果将报告如下。
这里介绍的材料证明了ds RNA在一般控制病毒表达和反录病毒(特别是利用爱滋病毒作为人慢性衰弱性疾病有关的原型病毒)上作为与一些其它药物相协同的物质的作用。本发明包括对HIV以外的,在病毒增殖/病机上具有与HIV全部或部分相同的机制,因之对于所用的特殊的联合也是敏感的,可用于病毒感染的治疗,抑制病毒活性和表现的协同作用是意外地在许多不同的化合物中发现的,包括细胞素,逆转录酶抑制剂,嗜脂体,和糖蛋白过程抑制剂及其类似的抗病毒化合物。
世界各国的医生们日益重视对爱滋病的治疗。叠氮胸核苷是首先在美国批准治疗ARC和爱滋病的药物,毒性极大。其在活体内的毒性表现为接受叠氮胸核苷的患者30%需要输血。我介绍的实验结果提示当与失配的ds RNA联合时像叠氮胸核苷等具有高毒性的药物实际上可采用毒性较低的较小剂量。联合疗法不仅可以减小对抗病毒活性所需药物的有效剂量;从而降低其毒性,而且可以通过多种机制攻击病毒,加强绝对抗病毒效力。这里报告的失配的ds RNA与协同剂共同发挥的多效性作用提示ds RNA,特别是失配的ds RNA将是联合疗法的核心药物,产生了对ARC和爱滋病的毒性最低而最有效的疗法。
利用属于5种不同类别抗病毒作用的8种不同的抗病毒药与ds RNA,特别是与失配的ds RNA(下面将作更详细的说明)的联合研究证明ds RNA(主要是失配的ds RNA)为一般抗病毒疗法以及与爱滋病相关的症状群(ARC),特别是爱滋病本身的治疗,提供了协同性的补充。当单独应用对病毒有效的剂量时,毒性很强的其它抗病毒药与ds RNA联合应用还有另外的优点,即可让临床医生减少该有毒药物的剂量,取得满意的疗效而不发生不良付作用。
为了证明本发明的联合的协同作用,以失配双链RNA(Ampilgen)为核心药进行了多种药物效果的分析,以确认对人体免疫缺乏性病毒(HIV)的感染,失配的ds RNA可以通过其它药物的机制来加强有效的治疗。抗病毒的作用是由利用MT-2细胞作为靶细胞和H9细胞产生的HTLV-ⅢB作为病毒的来源的微量滴度感染检测法来确定的。受检测的药物范围包括r IFN-αA,r IFN-β ER17和r IFN 作为细胞素,叠氮胸核苷和膦甲酸盐(Foscarnet)作为逆转录酶的抑制剂,三氮唑核苷作为适当的HIVm RNA覆盖机制的公认抑制剂,以二性霉素B作为嗜脂体(lipophile);并以栗籽豆素作为糖蛋白过程(糖酶Ⅰ)抑制剂。每一种药物单独地显示依赖剂量的抗HIV作用,而当与失配的ds RNA联合应用时,则显示协同作用。
虽然,在微量滴定感染检测中失配的ds RNA与所有三种IFN在抗HIV活性上均有协同作用,但它并不加强在H9/HLTV-ⅢB细胞培养中IFN对病毒生产的抑制。这些研究结果提示这些ds RNA的多效性作用与IFN的作用不同,并且可以在联合疗法中与许多抗病毒药共同对爱滋病的治疗提供协同作用。
本发明的方法和治疗性组合物打算包括上述药物,作为这里提及的各种类型的例子和说明。其它各种药物尚待发现,但与ds RNA联合时呈协同作用的其它药物也包括在本发明范围之内。
所谓“失配的ds RNA”中的ds RNA是指在相互配对链之间的氢链合(碱基堆积)是相对完整的,即在每29个连续的碱基残基中,被打断的平均不超过一对碱基。“失配的ds RNA”一词应据此加以理解。
ds RNA可以是含有一定比例的尿嘧啶基和胍基的多聚肌苷酸和多聚胞苷酸的复合物,例如5个这样的基中有一个,以至30个这样的基中有一个这样的基(多聚I·多聚(C4-29X>U或G)。ds RNA可以是多聚I·多聚C,U,其中C对U的比率约为12-14比1,最好是13比1,而且聚I和多聚C,U的沉淀系数均小于9并彼此在2单位之内;最好均约为6.5-7.5。
本发明中提出应用的失配的ds RNA是以异分子多聚核苷酸为基础的,这些异分子核苷酸选自多聚(Cn,G),其中n是具有4-29值的整数,而且是多聚核肌苷酸和多聚核胞苷酸的复合物的失配的类似物,它是通过变更r In·r Cn结合到沿多聚胞核苷酸(r Cn)链的不成对的碱基(尿嘧啶基或胍基)上而形成的。此外,ds RNA可来自多聚(I)·多聚(C)ds RNA,其方法是通过改变多聚肌苷酸(r In)的核糖基主链,例如通过包住2′-O-甲基核糖基残基。这些失配的r In·r Cn′类似物中具有通式r In·r(C11-14′U)n和r In·r(C29G)n者较好,在美国专利4,130,641和4.024,222中由Carter和TS′O作过介绍。按照本专利该处介绍的ds RNA一般是适用的。
适用于本专利的失配的ds RNA的特殊的例子包括:
多聚(I)·多聚(C4′U)
多聚(I)·多聚(C7′U)
多聚(I)·多聚(C13′U)
多聚(I)·多聚(C22′U)
多聚(I)·多聚(C20′G)
多聚(I)·多聚(C29′G)
聚(I)·聚(Cp)23G>P
失配的ds RNA的用量最好是:足以在注射后远端全身血液循环中血液ds RNA的峰值能立即由0.1微克/毫升升高到1000微克/毫升。
ds RNA经注射(静脉,肌肉,皮下)给药,当能适当保护不受胃肠道核酸酶的破坏时,也可通过鼻内、直肠内或经口给药。
当干扰素(α)当作淋巴细胞活素而应用时,给予的剂量为病人体液每毫升由0.1至100,000 IRU。当同时用两种药物(ds RNA与其它抗病毒化合物)时,则可作为合剂给予。分别给药时,则必须是在同时,或序贯地给。与ds RNA一起应用的辅助性抗病毒药给药量与产品标签或其它用法说明相一致,或用较小的剂量,实际上由于同时应用了ds RNA以及联合的协同性常可减少剂量。
ds RNA与其它抗病毒药的联合应用包括用法说明,其中两种药物作为治疗合剂在一起应用,亦可是两种药物分别给予但又是同时给予,例如分别由不同的静脉通道给同一个患者。“联合”应用还包括分别给药,先给一种,然后立即给第二种。
一组活体外的研究,利用HIV作为原型的慢性/亚急性人病毒病原体,开展了对治疗病毒病联合疗法中的Ampligen(失配ds RNA)的评价。所用的材料和方法介绍如下。
细胞和病毒-HTLV-I转变的T细胞系MT-Z克隆,在感染HIV后,显示完全的细胞溶解。在微滴定检测中用它作为感染的靶细胞。病毒是从H9/HTLV-ⅢB培养液经低速离心沉淀并经0.45μM滤过以除去所有的细胞而制备的。病毒滴度是从50%组织培养感染剂量(TCID-50)值测定的,而TCID值是对MT-Z细胞作终点微量滴定得到的。所有培养是在含16%加热失活胎牛血清和每毫升含尤霉素(Si-8ma)50μg的RPMI-1640中生长和维持的。
抗病毒药-人r IFN-aA(>108IU/mg),r IFN-r(1.4×108IU/mg)和叠氮胸核苷取自Hoffman-La-Roche。人r IFN-βSer17(1.0×108IU/mg)取自Triton Biosciences,IFNs是在由疱疹性口腔炎病毒激发的WISH细胞内核准的,并按以前介绍的方法检测其细胞致病作用(2)。参考标准得自世界卫生组织(人IFN-a,WHO标准B,69/19和人IFN-β,WHO号G-023-902-527)或国家过敏和传染病研究所(人-IFN- ,国家卫生局号Gg 23-901-530)。二性霉素B(Fungizone)取自GIBCO,栗籽豆素取自Boehringer Mann-heim,三氮唑核苷(Virazole)取自Viratel公司,3′-叠氮基=3′脱氧胸核苷(AZT,Retrovar),研究级,取自Roche实验室,膦甲酸盐(Foscarnet)来自AstraAlabAB。失配的ds RNA(Ampligen)是在盐缓冲剂中冻干的粉剂,由马里兰州Rockville城HEM研究公司提供。
微量滴度感染检测-抗HIV活性是按以往介绍的微量滴度感染检测法测定的(2)。简言之,每种药物单独的二倍系列稀释,以及按固定比例与失配的ds RNA的联合,在96槽微量滴度板中作三份平行检测。细胞溶解的测定是通过多聚-L-赖氨酸粘附细胞(作为感染的终点)对活性染料(中性红)的摄取来测定的。在加入病毒之前先将细胞在有药物的稀释液中孵育一小时。于二性霉素B,在激发之前,无论病毒或细胞均用药物作预孵育。细胞按0.1的相重数被感染,这样,终点细胞溶解应主要是由于在有药物情况下被合成的子代病毒。保护百分数是由试验孔与细胞对照孔和病毒对照孔间的染料A值的吸收差求得的,计算公式:
保护%= (试验-病毒)/(细胞-病毒)
协同的计算-联合药物的效果是用Chou和Talalay的多种药物分析法计算的,所用公式为
上式中Cl为联合指数,(Dx)1为药物1单独产生的X百分数效果所需的剂量,而(D)1为与(D)2联合后产生同样X百分数效果时药物1所需的剂量。(Dx)2和(D)2的值是由药物2同样地得出的。a值是用中位效果公式划出的剂量效果曲线决定的。
fa/fu=(D/Dm)m
式中fa是受剂量D影响的部分,fu是未受影响的部分,Dm是50%效果所需剂量,m为剂量效果曲线的效斜。关于互相排斥的药物(即作用方式相似),两者单独和它们的合剂在中位效果曲线上得出平行线。互不排斥的药物(即作用方式独立)得中位数效果曲线是平行的,但其合剂得出的是向上的凹曲线。若药物是互相排斥的,a为零,若它们是互不排斥的,a为1。互不排斥的药物的测得值总是比互相排斥的药物稍大。小于1的C1值说明协同作用,大于1的数值说明拮抗作用,等于1的值说明叠加作用。
逆转录酶测定一在培养液中,逆转录酶活性按报告(3)在聚乙二醇沉淀物中测定,以多聚(A)·(dT)作棋板引物(Boehringer Mannheim),每个反应25微居里[甲基-3H]dTTP(80.1居里/毫克分子,New England Nuclear)。
这些研究的检查和分析得出下列的结果和结论:
抗病毒活性-每种药物单独的以及与失配的ds RNA联合的保护靶细胞不受HIV感染的能力列于第一表。除三氮唑核苷外,每种药物的所有浓度均可见到充分的保护作用,于病毒对照(无效应物)孔在孵育的早期立即发生细胞溶解。于这些药物的较小剂量时,病毒引起的细胞溶解发生在一天之后,此时再进行测定,从而可找出依赖剂量的关系。在此时也对三氮唑核苷进行测定,不过本药在任何不致中毒的浓度下从未达到完全的保护作用,即使在感染过程的早期。每一种药之最有效浓度(>10%保护)与失配的ds RNA联合所产生的拉-HIV活性均大于单独应用时的情况。在这些研究中所有药物在使用浓度下对MT-Z细胞均无毒性。
多种药物效果-关于失配的ds RNA与其它8种抗-HIV药物的二重联合在50%与95%保护值时的C1值列于表2。可以看出不同程度的协同作用。最大程度的协同作用是在失配的ds RNA与r FIN-a,其C1值最低(0.01至<0.01)。协同作用最小的是与二性霉素B的联合。其C1值最高,并说明在50%保护上多为叠加作用,C1=0.90pr1/08)。其它证明与失配的ds RNA有协同作用的药物(C1值小于1)是r IFN-β,r IFN-γ,叠氮胸核苷,三氮唑核苷,膦甲酸盐,二性霉素B和栗籽豆素。对每一受试验药,若C1值的测定是采用互相排斥药对互不排斥药,则只能看到很小的差别。
表2
以失配的dsRNA作为核心药联合药效的Cl值
*Cl值是根据表1中的数据算出的。值>1表示拮抗,<1说明协同,
而等于1说明一种叠加作用,假定互相排斥计算的Cl值和假定互不排斥计算出的Cl值(在括弧内)均列在表内。
病毒合成一在存在和不存在IFNS,失配的ds RNA,以及这些药物联合的情况下,检查了在H9/HTLV-ⅢB培养中病毒的产生(表3)。失配的ds RNA(50微克/ml)单独对病毒生产的作用极微(降低6%),而r IFN-aA,r IFN-β,r IFN- (500IU/ml)分别使病毒的产生减少53%,56%,和20%。失配的ds RNA的存在轻度地降低了IFNs对病毒生产的抑制作用,其中r IFN-aA的抑制作用由53%减少至47%,r IFN-β由56%减少至51%,而r IFN- 由20%减少到15%。其它研究(未列举)说明失配的ds RNA和r IFNs独自或相联合的这些浓度对细胞分裂并无影响。
表3
失配的dsRNA对IFN引起的对HIV生产的抑制作用的影响
*用同等密度的冲洗的H9/HTLV-ⅢB细胞的双重培养物在有和没有效应物的条件下孵育48小时,然后收取经过调节的培养液,并测定逆转录酶活性。在第二个实验中检测失配的dsRNA±重组体的IFNr,因此有单独的一套对照组,失配的dsRNA等于50μg/ml,IFNs=500IU/ml。
在这一研究中所看到的失配的ds RNA与五类抗-HIV药物之间的协同作用提示:在对ARC和爱滋病的联合治疗中,作为核心药的失配的ds RNA可能具有强有力的和多效的作用。双链RNAs(包括失配的ds RNA)活化由IFN诱导的与建立抗病毒状态有关的酶,包括2,5-低聚腺苷酸合成酶和与核糖体联合的蛋白质激酶。我曾观察到2,5-低聚腺苷酸抑制反录病毒的逆转录酶,这一发现提示失配的ds RNA引起的2,5-低聚腺苷酸合成酶的活化作用可能代表一种独特的机制,它对需要逆转录酶进行复制的病毒具有抗病毒作用。更重要的是并非IFN的所有多效性作用是与失配的ds RNA共有的。例如IFN疗法的流行性感冒样付作用在失配的ds RNA疗法时并不出现,而且发现失配的ds RNA既不像IFN那样抑制HIV的产生,也不加强IFN的这一作用(见表3)。这些较后的结果与在失配的ds RNA和IFN之间建立的抗病毒状态上所看到的协同作用相对照,进一步提示这些药物在抗病毒作用上既具有共同的途径,又具有不同的途径。
我还发现抗-HIV药的另一类,即逆转录酶抑制药,与失配的
ds RNA相协同。2′-3′-双脱氧核苷类似物的大家族能被代谢成为反录病毒逆转录酶的强有力的抑制剂。例如,Yarchoan和Broder(新英格兰医学杂志,1987年2月26日,第316卷,557-564页)介绍二种双脱氧核苷,3′-叠氮-3′脱氧胸核苷(AZT)和2′-3′-双脱氧胞苷(DDC),分别是天然应用的胸核苷和2′-脱氧胞苷的类似物。还可以参阅美国专利号4,724,232介绍的AZT在ARS和爱滋病治疗中的应用,接受治疗者每日每公斤体重用量为5-250mg。有证据表明磷酸化的核苷通过发挥链终止剂的作用而抑制反录病毒,其结果是病毒的转录酶误把这些类似物加到DNA增长中的链上,这又进一步阻滞5′-3′-磷酸二酯键的形成,从而导致DNA链的提前终止。用嘌呤类似物,如2′,3′-双脱氧腺苷,也可看到类似的作用。遗憾的是,这些不同的嘧啶和嘌呤类似物也可抑制各种正常细胞酶,例如骨髓中与其它器官中的DNA聚合酶α。这些对正常细胞的抑制可导致各种严重中毒。例如,长期应用AZT可使50%以上的患者发生贫血和白细胞减少;因此许多用AZT治疗的病人需定期输血,并可能死于在反录病毒感染前已衰弱的骨髓的进一步破坏的付作用中。
这个研究所用的两种抑制剂是叠氮胸核苷和膦甲酸盐。叠氮胸核苷(胸腺定的类似物)在细胞内磷酸化,并被并入开始形成的DNA,从而造成链的提前终止。磷酸化的叠氮胸核苷受转录酶的利用比受细胞DNA聚合酶的利用效果大100倍,因此为选择性提供了表面上很大的窗口。膦甲酸盐是逆转录酶的另一种抑制剂,除有选择地抑制流感病毒RNA聚合酶和疱疹病毒DNA聚合酶外,在活体外还具有强力的抗HIV作用。这两种药物在微量滴度感染测定中均显示强有力的有选择的抑制HIV的作用。它们被看到与失配的ds RNA有相协同的作用,提示这种协同也可能见之于逆转录的其它抑制剂。
在活体外,一般ds RNA与Ampligen特别能切实使明显抑制病毒作用所需AZT的浓度至少减少5倍。而且,在受试验的AZT的较高浓度下,两种化合物间有协同的关系。因此,Ampligen能减少活体内AZT的有效治疗剂量,同时减少AZT伴随的毒性。
鉴于两种药物作用的方式完全不同,在活体内它们将会证明除每种药物单独有关的毒性外,并无其它毒性。实际上,我们在临床上并未见到协同中毒的证据,即使让Ampligen与更密切近似的(例如干扰素)分子相结合。此外,由于在我们的研究中证明除了抗病毒特性外Ampligen还具有调整免疫的作用(二者均可能通过同样的机制,例如2′,5′-寡A途径),Ampligen与AZT的联合应用可能对HIV的感染过程有显著的有效影响,并大大超过我现在所报告的活体外的作用。
我的发现的重要性和特殊性实际上已由对AZT与另一种有力的抗爱滋病药的联合说明了,这种抗爱滋病药称为三氮唑核苷,见科学(Science)1987年3月,来自哈佛Hirsch医生的实验室:当为了得到强化的疗效而在AZT之上加三氮唑核苷时,他们报告有明显的拮抗作用。也就是说,当其它药物加在逆转录酶抑制剂之上时,它实际上消蚀了它们的疗效而不是加强它。
ds RNA与逆转录酶抑制剂的协同性联合对于治疗由反录病毒引起的癌瘤也是有效的。
三氮唑核苷代表一类干扰5′-mRNA过程的抗-HIV药。虽然三氮唑核苷的抗病毒作用的机制尚不明了,据认为在m RNA帽结构形成中与乌苷竞争并干扰这些分子的功能甲基化作用。功能的HIVm RNA的抑制剂,例如反义(Antisense)DNA,应当也能与失配的ds RNA显示这种抗HIV机制的协同。
二性霉素B,为一种多聚烃大环内酯抗霉菌抗生素,能与甾固醇发生作用并不可逆地与其相结合。它代表另一类唯一对一些脂质包裹的病毒(包括HIV)有作用的药物。虽然二性霉素B在活体内显示严重毒性,但该药的甲酯型在活体外显示有抗-HIV作用并具有低细胞毒性。因此,二性霉素B甲酯在与失配的ds RNA的联合疗法中比它的母体化合物更为有益。
最后一个显示与失配的ds RNA相协同的药物是栗籽豆素。栗籽豆素是一种抑制糖蛋白制造的植物生物碱,它之所以被研究是因为HIV的外壳含有二个大量糖基化的蛋白质,gp120作为外膜糖蛋白和OK41作为横跨膜受的蛋白质(transmembrane glucoprotein)。gp120与T细胞的起病毒体作用的OKT4表面抗原的互相作用是引起HIV细胞向性的部分原因。其它一些人利用乙二醇酯酶和植物凝血素的研究证明蛋白质的糖基化作用在gp120-LKT4相互作用和HIV的感染上起重要作用。糖蛋白的成熟依靠一系列的酶来处理碳水化合物分子,它常使高甘露糖向复合型低聚糖的转变。栗籽豆素抑制形成高甘露糖型N-糖基化蛋白质的糖苷酶I。在有栗籽豆素存在的合成的子代病毒粒子感染的情况下,HIV的感染性被削弱(见表1)。这种减弱与栗籽豆素的对受体糖基化状态的任何作用无关,而实际是由于感染性病毒产生的减少(由TCID-50检测测定的),因为通过采用病毒伴随的逆转录酶活性的测定,其对整个病毒的产生并无影响。抗-HIV作用与失配的ds RNA相协同的这一发现(表2)提示失配的ds RNA可与干扰HIV受体结合的药物相协同。这些药物应包括中和性抗体,阻滞性肽,如“T”肽,或其它糖蛋白过程抑制剂。
1.Elbein,A.D(1987)N-联合的低聚糖链的生物合成与处理生物化学年鉴56卷497-534。
2.Montefiori,D.D.,Robinson,W.E.,Jr.Schuffman,S.S.,与Mitchell,W.M.,(1987)采用快速而敏感的微量滴度感染检测对抗病毒药和抗人免疫缺陷病毒的中和抗体的评价,临床微生物杂志(正在排印)。
3.Poiesz,D.J.,Ruscetti,F.W.,Gazder,A.F.,Benn,P.A.,Minna,J.D.,与Gallol,R.C.(1980)从一位皮服T细胞淋巴瘤患者新鲜的和培养的淋巴细胞C型反录病毒微粒的检出和分离美国国际科学院论文报告集77 7415-7419。
Claims (10)
1、对病毒病患者治疗的一项方法,包括一种抗病毒药与一种dsRNA的治疗量的联合,这样给予的联合治疗量足以抑制病毒的活性,病毒表达或两者均加以抑制。
2、权项1的方法,其中ds RNA是失配的,最好是r In·Y(C11-14′U)n。
3、以上任何一个权项的方法,其中病毒病是HⅣ或HⅣ以外的易感病毒的感染,后者在病毒的增殖/病机上具有全部或部分与HⅣ相似的共同机制。
4、以上任何一个权项的方法,其中抗病毒药是细胞素,逆转录酶抑制剂,嗜脂体或糖蛋白过程抑制剂。
5、治疗病毒感染的治疗成分由ds RNA的抑制病毒量与另一种抑制病毒活性或病毒表现或二者兼抑的药物联合组成。
6、对包括爱滋病和与爱滋病有关的症状群在内的HⅣ感染的疗法的治疗或分由ds RNA的抑制病毒量与由细胞素、逆转录酶抑制剂,嗜脂体以及糖蛋白合成抑制剂中选择的一种抗病毒药的抑制病毒量联合组成。
7、权项5或6的治疗组合物,其中活性剂是从r IFN-α,r IFN-β,r IFN-Υ,叠氮胸核苷,膦甲酸盐,三氮唑核苷,二性霉素B和栗籽豆素中选择出的。
8、病毒感染疗法中的治疗组合物包括ds RNA和3′-叠氮基-3′脱氧胸核苷或药剂学上可接受的盐。
9、权项5-8中任何一项的治疗组合物,其中ds RNA是失配的,最好是r In·r(C29′G)n。
10、权项9的组合物,其中ds RNA含有键断裂区,并且该ds RNA显示r In·r(C11-14′U)n的有利的治疗率特点。
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US8263091B2 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2012-09-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Method of treating and preventing infections in immunocompromised subjects with immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides |
US20050137154A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2005-06-23 | Hemispherx Biopharma | Treating server acute respiratory syndrome |
US20060035859A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2006-02-16 | Hemispherx Biopharma | Treating severe and acute viral infections |
US20050113292A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-05-26 | Vanderbilt University | Compositions of protein mimetics and methods of using same against HIV-1, SARS-coV and the like |
KR101280094B1 (ko) * | 2003-08-11 | 2013-06-28 | 사이단호진한다이비세이부쯔뵤우겐큐우카이 | 점막 면역을 유도할 수 있는 보강제를 함유한 신규한 백신 |
RU2272631C2 (ru) * | 2004-04-20 | 2006-03-27 | Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии "Вектор" (ГНЦ ВБ "Вектор") | Синергическая композиция для ингибирования вич |
DE202005004135U1 (de) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-05-19 | Klocke Verpackungs-Service Gmbh | Mehrkomponentenverpackung mit Applikator |
BRPI0618857B1 (pt) * | 2005-11-25 | 2022-07-19 | Zoetis Belgium S.A | Oligonucleotídeo de rna isolado, e método para regular negativamente células reguladoras cd4+ imunossupressoras |
CN101437534A (zh) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-05-20 | 半球生物制药公司 | 口服干扰素的广谱免疫和抗病毒基因调节作用 |
US8075877B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2011-12-13 | Hemispherx Biopharma | Broad spectrum immune and antiviral gene modulation by oral interferon |
US20100285115A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2010-11-11 | Cipla Limited | Novel Antiretroviral Combination |
US20100310600A1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2010-12-09 | Carter William A | Selective agonist of toll-like receptor 3 |
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EP0113162B1 (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1989-07-19 | Hem Research, Inc. | Anti-proliferative action of dsnras on tumor cells |
US4724232A (en) * | 1985-03-16 | 1988-02-09 | Burroughs Wellcome Co. | Treatment of human viral infections |
PH24388A (en) * | 1985-03-16 | 1990-06-13 | Wellcome Foundation Ltd N W I | Antiviral nucleosides |
US4795744A (en) * | 1986-07-17 | 1989-01-03 | Hem Research, Inc. | Modulation of AIDS virus-related events by double-stranded RNAS |
CA1326450C (en) * | 1985-08-26 | 1994-01-25 | William A. Carter | Modulation of aids virus-related events by double stranded rnas (dsrnas) |
-
1987
- 1987-11-25 US US07/125,097 patent/US4950652A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1988
- 1988-03-02 AU AU12562/88A patent/AU1256288A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-03-02 EP EP88301824A patent/EP0286224B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-02 DE DE8888301824T patent/DE3876125T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-02 ES ES88301824T patent/ES2066782T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-03 PH PH36590A patent/PH23333A/en unknown
- 1988-03-07 IL IL85646A patent/IL85646A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-11 NZ NZ223868A patent/NZ223868A/xx unknown
- 1988-03-18 FI FI881305A patent/FI881305L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-03-21 CA CA000562015A patent/CA1316832C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-21 NO NO881246A patent/NO881246L/no unknown
- 1988-03-22 PT PT87039A patent/PT87039B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-22 DK DK156688A patent/DK156688A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-22 RU SU884355439A patent/RU2016572C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-22 KR KR1019880003033A patent/KR960013435B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-22 JP JP63065933A patent/JP2656938B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-22 HU HU881441A patent/HUT46542A/hu unknown
- 1988-03-22 IE IE83988A patent/IE63823B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-23 CN CN88101606A patent/CN1049357C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1992
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1049357C (zh) | 2000-02-16 |
DK156688A (da) | 1988-09-24 |
NO881246D0 (no) | 1988-03-21 |
IL85646A0 (en) | 1988-08-31 |
FI881305L (fi) | 1988-09-24 |
PT87039A (pt) | 1988-04-01 |
ES2066782T3 (es) | 1995-03-16 |
PH23333A (en) | 1989-07-14 |
IE63823B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
OA08724A (fr) | 1989-03-31 |
AU1256288A (en) | 1988-09-22 |
EP0286224B1 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
NZ223868A (en) | 1991-02-26 |
IL85646A (en) | 1993-05-13 |
DK156688D0 (da) | 1988-03-22 |
DE3876125D1 (de) | 1993-01-07 |
NO881246L (no) | 1988-09-26 |
PT87039B (pt) | 1992-11-30 |
CA1316832C (en) | 1993-04-27 |
RU2016572C1 (ru) | 1994-07-30 |
EP0286224A2 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
EP0286224A3 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
US4950652A (en) | 1990-08-21 |
GR3006340T3 (zh) | 1993-06-21 |
JP2656938B2 (ja) | 1997-09-24 |
FI881305A0 (fi) | 1988-03-18 |
DE3876125T2 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
IE880839L (en) | 1988-09-23 |
HUT46542A (en) | 1988-11-28 |
JPS6425A (en) | 1989-01-05 |
KR880010777A (ko) | 1988-10-24 |
KR960013435B1 (ko) | 1996-10-05 |
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