CN2835600Y - Engine with pinion-rack-ratchet transmission and electrically controlled valve - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a novel engine which is driven by toothed racks, gears and ratchet wheels, the reciprocating motion of a piston is changed into the rotary motion of a main shaft and the open and the closure of an air valve is controlled by an electromagnet and a computer. The utility model is characterized in that a geared sleeve which is in slide fit with the main shaft is meshed with the toothed racks of connecting rods of two sets of piston groups, and ratchet wheels on the main shaft are shifted by a ratchet pawl in the geared sleeve to enable the main shaft to rotate. Two ratchet wheels with opposite rotation directions are arranged on the main shaft, wherein one ratchet wheel is fixed on the main shaft and another ratchet wheel is in slide fit with the main shaft. The direction of the kinetic energy which has an opposite rotation direction with the main shaft is changed by the gear ratchet wheel component which is in slide fit with the main shaft through a transmission mechanism which is provided with an idle pulley, and then, the main shaft is pushed to rotate. The air valve is directly connected with the electromagnet of the air valve, and the open and the closure of the air valve is controlled by the computer. The engine of the utility model has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, no vibration, long service life and low cost, and is suitable for being used as power of various vehicles, ships, light aircraft and small generating equipment.

Description

Rack and gear notch wheel driven electric control valve motor

Affiliated technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of driving mechanism of forming with tooth bar, gear and ratchet, and the to-and-fro motion of piston is transformed into rotatablely moving of main shaft, the new work engine of the electric controller control valve switch of forming with electromagnet and computer.Belong to technical field of internal combustion engines.

Background technique

The internal-combustion engine of extensive use now comprises petrol engine and diesel engine, all is to use crankshaft ﹠ connecting, and the to-and-fro motion of piston is transformed into rotatablely moving of main shaft.I am in utility model patent " the non-crankshaft and non-connecting rod engine " (patent No.: ZL94202320.X), provide a kind of usefulness to be fixed on the dial axis on the connecting rod between two opposed pistonss, insert in the space curve groove that seals on the main shaft surface, drive to-and-fro motion in the space curve groove that dial axis seals by piston on the main shaft surface, the motor that dial axis rotates main shaft to the tangential component of main shaft.This motor is because the space curve groove shape complexity of sealing on the main shaft surface needs with numerical control milling machine and numerically control grinder processing, manufacture cost height.Dial axis and space curve groove speed of related movement height are difficult to realize lubricating fully, and engine life is low.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is that a kind of driving mechanism of forming with tooth bar, gear and ratchet will be provided, and the to-and-fro motion of piston is transformed into rotatablely moving of main shaft, the new work engine of the electric controller control valve switch of forming with electromagnet and computer.This motor than declare before existing crankshaft-link rod motor and I patent＜non-crankshaft and non-connecting rod engine structure is simpler, performance is more superior.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that the cylinder that at least two groups have same axis is set in engine cylinder.The axis of these two groups of cylinders is parallel to each other, and in same plane.Two pistons that match with cylinder, by one the band tooth bar connecting rod link together, form a piston set.The flank of tooth of the connecting rod rack of two piston set is opposed mutually.An axis and two piston set axis normal but disjoint geared sleeve place in the middle of the connecting rod rack of two-piston group.The nodel line of its pitch circle and two piston set connecting rod racks is tangent.The modulus of two rack and pinions is identical, and mutual correct engagement.In cylinder block, be positioned at the connecting rod rack back side one side, a roller respectively is set.The axis of two rollers parallels with the axis of geared sleeve, coexists one by the geared sleeve axis, and with the perpendicular plane of piston axis in.Two corresponding with it all the time connecting rod rack back sides of roller contact.The matching relationship that connecting rod rack and geared sleeve cog is: when a piston set moved to cylinder left side stop, another piston set just moved to the right stop of cylinder.Vice versa.Block all is set on cylinder block and geared sleeve.Pressure transducer is equipped with at block place in cylinder block.When the stroke of piston set just surpassed stroke stop point, the block on the geared sleeve just contacted with block on the cylinder block.Pressure transducer pressurized on it produces electrical signal, handles to send to instruct making engine misses by computer, avoids piston to clash into mutually with cylinder head.The main shaft and the geared sleeve that have two ratchets are slidingly matched.The ratchet direction of two ratchets is opposite.Ratchet and main shaft secure fit, another ratchet and main shaft are slidingly matched.Be provided with a plurality of pawl bases in the geared sleeve both sides that cog.Their several angle symmetric arrangement that staggers.Ratchet and holddown spring are housed in pawl base.The ratchet of the ratchet on ratchet and the main shaft is meshed.At geared sleeve inner surface middle part, processing a cross section is semicircular annular groove.At the corresponding geared sleeve inwall of main spindle table face circular groove place, processing a cross section is semicircular annular groove.These two annular grooves constitute an annular space.Its cross section is circular.At corresponding annular space place, the geared sleeve outside, have a threaded aperture that is slightly larger than the annular space cross section.A plurality of steel balls that match with annular space are put into annular space from this hole.With a threaded pin this hole is sealed.The effect of this cover plug-in part piece linkage structure is a relative position of determining geared sleeve and main shaft, prevents its left and right sides play.After installing like this, the ratchet on the geared sleeve in the pawl base just is meshed with the ratchet of ratchet on the main shaft.When piston under combustion gas promotes in cylinder during to-and-fro motion, the rack drives geared sleeve rotation back and forth on the connecting rod.Two ratchets that ratchet on it is stirred on the main shaft rotate round about.Less gear and slip ratchet are made of one, and are called the gear ratchet assembly.It is by an idle wheel, and is positioned at the main shaft below, is fixed on the transmission shaft with spindle parallel a gear transmission cooperation that equates with its pitch diameter.These three modules are identical, and the gear of gear ratchet assembly equates with pitch circle on the transmission shaft.At the other end of transmission shaft, fix a gear that diameter is bigger.It is fixed on the main shaft, the gear that equates with its pitch diameter is meshed.The effect of this looper drive shaft and driving gear is the rotation of the gear ratchet assembly that will be slidingly matched with main shaft, changes the rotation with the main shaft of gear ratchet assembly switched in opposite into.At gear ratchet assembly two ends thrust-bearing is housed.Corresponding gear cover and gear ratchet assembly place are processed with helical oil line on main shaft, so that machine oil can enter the gap between axle and the cover, realize good lubricating.At the main shaft two ends main shaft bearing and Sealing are housed.The front end of main shaft is connected with cooling fan.Its rear end is a splined shaft, is connected with clutch and speed changer.Spark plug is installed on the cylinder head, and its front end inserts in the firing chamber.Fuel nozzle is installed in the intake duct end, and its oil spout action is controlled by electrical-controller.The open and close of inlet and outlet door are directly driven by computer-controlled electromagnet.This computer can be unified concentrated electrical-controller with the computer integrated of EFI electrical-controller and control piston stroke.Pressure transducer is installed on cylinder head, and its probe inserts the firing chamber.Respective link tooth bar place is equipped with photoelectric sensor below the cylinder block top cover.On connecting rod rack, have two apertures.The line of centres of two phototubes of its line of centres and photoelectric sensor intersects vertically.When piston moves to the left side during stop, the center line of the aperture of the side that takes on the connecting rod rack just coincides with the line of centres of two phototubes.The light that this moment, emission phototube sent shines on the reception phototube by the aperture on the connecting rod rack, produces electrical signal and reaches concentrated electrical-controller.Meanwhile, probe stretches into the pressure transducer of firing chamber, and the force value that records is reached concentrated electrical-controller.Concentrate electrical-controller through data processing, when confirming that this firing chamber is in compression end of a period state, the fuel nozzle and the spark plug of this firing chamber sent oil spout and firing command.This firing chamber begins to break out the workmanship stroke.Meanwhile, concentrate electrical-controller, open the inlet and outlet door by promptly deciding the valve electromagnet action that programming instruction should be in the cylinder correspondence of air-breathing and exhaust condition.When described piston set moved to the right-hand member stop, the little centerline hole of the side of taking back on the connecting rod rack just coincided with the line of centres of two phototubes of photoelectric sensor.So repeat said process again, make two groups of pistons by constantly back and forth acting of four-stroke, overlap rotation by the connecting rod rack driven gear, and stir ratchet by the ratchet on it, make main axis rotation.The lubricant oil nozzle is installed on the cylinder block top cover, guarantees the lubricated of gear, ratchet and main shaft.The oil suction dish is housed, so that reclaim the machine oil of using in oil sump.

The utility model is because adopt the rack and pinion driving mechanism, and the lateral force that produces when the engagement of roller balance rack and pinion is arranged, so piston is not subjected to lateral force when motion.This helps prolonging the working life of cylinder, piston and piston ring.Because two shared connecting rod racks of piston, it is more much smaller than the quality of two conventional linkage, so the reciprocal inertia force that this piston set produced when moving, the reciprocal inertia force that the piston rod group more traditional than two covers produces when moving is much smaller.Because two groups of piston motion directions of the utility model are opposite, its reciprocal inertia force is cancelled out each other, so the utility model does not have reciprocal inertia force again.Reciprocal inertia force can cause engine luggine.And the reciprocal inertia force of conventional engines is bigger, and is difficult to balance.Because the structure of the utility model main shaft and geared sleeve all is symmetrical, they do not produce centrifugal inertia force when rotating.And centrifugal inertia force can cause the wearing and tearing of engine luggine and main journal.So almost not vibration during engine operation of the present utility model, the life-span of main shaft and bearing is more much longer than conventional engines.Because the utility model piston force is tangent with the pitch circle of the gear of geared sleeve all the time, its active force all is converted into the moment of torsion of main shaft.And not as conventional engines, a part of masterpiece is used for crankshaft center line, makes deflection of crankshaft.Particularly at the outburst stroke initial stage, axial thrust load surpasses tangential component, makes most of useful work, changes the destructive energy that makes deflection of crankshaft into.So mechanical efficiency of the present utility model is more much higher than conventional engines.The utility model is because adopt the electric control valve structure, and the opening and closing of inlet and outlet door directly drive by computer-controlled electromagnet, is swift in motion, accurately, can realize moment standard-sized sheet and complete shut-down, makes ventilation more abundant, more thorough.Not as conventional engines, be subjected to the restriction of cam lift angle, the opening and closing of valve have a process of opening gradually greatly and turning down gradually.So the utility model helps reducing the waste gas residual quantity, increases the FAI Fresh Air Intake amount, helps full combustion of fuel, helps reducing the harmful matter in the exhausting air, promptly helps energy-saving and environmental protection.

Because working stroke of the present utility model and valve open and close by concentrated electrical-controller control, can select, control every running parameter by computer, so the utility model is easy to realize the optimization of every running parameter.

Because the utility model is more simple in structure than conventional engines, so the utility model helps reducing cost.

Because the utility model is not vibration almost, so taking with automobile of the present utility model, dress feels comfortable, help improving the inferior and competitive ability of product retaining.

Description of drawings

The concrete structure of model utility is provided by following embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.

Fig. 1 is the partial sectional view according to the rack and gear notch wheel driven electric control valve motor that the utility model proposes.

Fig. 2 is the partial sectional view of overlooking of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the A--A sectional view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the B--B sectional view of Fig. 2.

Describe the details and the working condition of the concrete structure that the utility model proposes in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, it is not as to qualification of the present utility model.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is at least by cylinder block (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (9), piston (10), connecting rod rack (13), geared sleeve (12), be fixed on the pawl base (18) on the geared sleeve, main shaft (43), be fixed on the ratchet (40) on the main shaft, the gear ratchet assembly (28) that is slidingly matched with main shaft, idle wheel (23), be contained in gear (25) and (24) on the transmission shaft (49), be fixed on the gear (41) on the main shaft, main shaft bearing (42) and (34), main shaft seal (44) and (32), be contained in thrust-bearing (33) and (46) at gear ratchet assembly (28) two ends, be contained in the block (65) on the geared sleeve, be contained in the block (64) on the cylinder block and be located at wherein pressure transducer (63), intake duct (21), air outlet flue (39), intake valve (37), exhaust valve (7), valve electromagnet (3) and (5), probe stretches into the pressure transducer (6) of firing chamber, fuel nozzle (19) and pilot (20), spark plug (8), by emission phototube (52) with receive the photoelectric sensor that phototube (54) is formed, lubricant oil nozzle (16), oil suction dish (53) constitutes.

Cylinder block (1) cylinder iron or aluminum alloy cast.At least process the cylinder (9) that four axis are parallel to each other on it, wherein cylinder is opposed in twos, and coaxial line.Piston (10) and wrist pin (11) are identical with available engine.Make with No. 45 steel or 40Cr connecting rod rack (13) and (27).Its two ends process the hole of matching with wrist pin.Its middle part one side is processed into tooth bar, and does high frequency heat and handle.Two connecting rod racks (13) are connected with two opposed pistons (10) by wrist pin (11) respectively with (27), form two piston set.Geared sleeve (12) is made with 40Cr, and the gear position is done high frequency heat and handled.This module is identical with the modulus of connecting rod rack.The nodel line of its pitch circle and two tooth bars is tangent.On geared sleeve, be provided with at least four pawl bases (18).They are relative in twos, place the gear both sides respectively, and an angle of 90 degrees that staggers mutually.Ratchet (30), holddown spring (35) are housed in pawl base.Ratchet flap (36) is threaded with pawl base.Threaded pin (60) is housed on pawl base.It inserts in the groove (61) that parallels with the ratchet axis on the ratchet sidewall, play the guiding role, and prevents that ratchet (30) from rotating.Main shaft (43) is made quenching with Subsequent tempering with 40Cr.It and geared sleeve (12) are slidingly matched.On matching surface, be processed with helical oil line (67).At the main shaft front and back ends tapered roller bearing (34) and (42) are housed respectively, and match with cylinder block (1) by bearing.Rubber seal (32) is housed on front bearing retainer (31).Rubber seal (44) is housed on rear bearing cover (45).Front-end of spindle is connected with cooling fan.Its rear end is a splined shaft, is connected with clutch and speed changer.Be fixed with ratchet (40) and gear (41) at the main shaft rear portion.They are all made with 40Cr, and flank of tooth high frequency heat is handled.At the anterior diameter of axle thinner section of main shaft, gear ratchet assembly (28) is housed.It is also made with 40Cr, and flank of tooth high frequency heat is handled.On main shaft, be mated the surface of part, be processed with helical oil line (67).At gear ratchet assembly (28) two ends thrust ball bearing (33) and (46) are housed.Processing a cross section at geared sleeve (12) inwall middle part is semicircular annular groove (48).Locate at the corresponding geared sleeve inwall annular groove of main spindle table face (48), processing a cross section is semicircular annular groove (47).These two annular grooves constitute an annular space, and its cross section is circular.At corresponding annular space place, the geared sleeve outside, have a threaded aperture that is slightly larger than the circular crosssection.A plurality of steel balls that match with annular space are put into annular space from this hole.With a threaded pin this hole is sealed.Said structure is called interpolation key piece linkage structure.See the patent of invention that the patent No. is ZL00101462.5 for details.Its effect is a relative position of determining geared sleeve and main shaft, prevents its left and right sides play.After installing like this, the ratchet on the geared sleeve in the pawl base just is meshed with the ratchet of ratchet on the main shaft.Four blocks (65) are set on geared sleeve.Two blocks (64) are set on cylinder block.When piston was in left stop, block (65) just slightly contacted with block (64) during installation.When piston was in right stop, block (65) just slightly contacted with two surface of contact in addition of block (64).Pressure transducer (63) is equipped with at block surface of contact place on cylinder block.They are connected with concentrated electrical-controller by lead (62).Transmission shaft (49) is installed below main shaft.It is made with the 40Cr steel, quenching with Subsequent tempering.On transmission shaft, be fixed with gear (25) and gear (24).They are made with the 40Cr steel, quenching with Subsequent tempering.They are connected with transmission shaft by key (59).Gear (25) equates that with the pitch circle of gear ratchet assembly (28) modulus is identical.They are meshed by the identical idle wheel of modulus (23).Axle of carrier pulley is fixed on the cylinder block, is cantilever configuration.Gear (24) equates that with gear (41) pitch circle modulus is identical, directly engagement.Locate at transmission shaft middle part respective link tooth bar (27), the roller made from deep groove ball bearing (26) is installed.It just contacts with the back side of connecting rod rack (27).Tapered roller bearing (51) and (55) are equipped with in transmission shaft (49) two ends.Between gear (25) and (24), roller (26) and bearing (51) and (55), sleeve pipe (52) is housed.Its effect is the relative position of determining between them.The gear (25) and the gear of idle wheel (23) and gear ratchet assembly (28) are aligned.Gear (24) and gear (41) are aligned.Make roller (26) aim at the center line of connecting rod rack (27).At bearing (51) and (55) two ends bearing cap (50) and (56) are housed.They are made with No. 20 steel.They are covered by bearing cap (31) and (45) during installation.Above main shaft, the lower end of machine cap (49) is provided with the support of being made up of two parallel fixed plates (15).Little axle (50) with spindle parallel is housed on support.At little axle middle part the roller made from deep-groove roller bearing (26) is housed.It just contacts with the back side of connecting rod rack (13).Sleeve pipe (66) is housed between bearing and support.Its effect is the position of determining roller (26), makes roller (26) aim at the center line of connecting rod rack (13).At little axle (50) and transmission shaft (49) two ends check ring (51) is housed all.Its effect is to prevent axle play vertically.Inboard, fixed plate lower end at support (15) respectively has a blind hole (57) and (58).They are mutually opposed, and coaxial line.On fixed plate,, have two darker blind holes with blind hole (57) and (58) perpendicular direction.They are connected with the bottom of blind hole (57) and (58).Emission phototube (52) places the bottom of blind hole (58) by blind hole darker on the fixed plate.Its lead is connected with concentrated electrical-controller through wiring terminal (14).Darker blind hole places the bottom of blind hole (57) on the logical fixed plate of reception phototube (54).Its lead is connected with concentrated electrical-controller through wiring terminal (53).On connecting rod rack (13), have two apertures (17).The vertical and intersectant centerline of the line of centres of these two apertures and blind hole (57) and (58).Connecting rod rack (12) and (27) with the installation relation of geared sleeve (12) are: when the piston set that contains piece number (13) moved to left stop, the piston set that contains piece number (27) just moved to right stop.Connecting rod rack this moment (13) is gone up the aperture (17) of right-hand member, just is on the same straight line with emission phototube and reception phototube.Otherwise when the piston set that contains piece number (27) moved to left stop, the piston set that contains piece number (13) just moved to right stop.Connecting rod rack this moment (13) is gone up the aperture (17) of left end, just is on the same straight line with emission phototube and reception phototube.Two cylinder head (2) are installed in the cylinder block two ends respectively.They cylinder iron or aluminum alloy cast.The cooling jacket of cylinder block and head (22) is interconnected.On cylinder head, be cast with hemispherical firing chamber (4), intake duct (21) and air outlet flue (39).The inlet and outlet road all is connected with the firing chamber.Intake valve (37) and valve guide bushing (38) are housed at the suction port place.At corresponding intake valve place, the cylinder head outside, valve electromagnet (3) is installed.Its iron core and intake valve (37) coaxial line, and interconnect.In exhaust ports exhaust valve (7) and valve guide bushing (38) are housed.At corresponding exhaust valve place, the cylinder head outside, valve electromagnet (5) is installed.Its iron core and exhaust valve coaxial line, and interconnect.Pressure transducer (6) is housed at the cylinder head top.Its probe extend into top of combustion chamber.It is connected with concentrated electrical-controller by lead.Spark plug (8) and fuel nozzle (19) and pilot (20) thereof also are installed on cylinder cap.The spark plug head inserts the firing chamber.Fuel nozzle inserts the intake duct end.Its pilot is connected with concentrated electrical-controller.These are identical with electronic fuel injection engine.Oil injection nozzle (16) is housed on machine cap (49).Its effect is guarantee dirivig member lubricated.In the motor bottom oil sump (54) and oil suction dish (53) are housed.Its effect is to reclaim the machine oil of using.

Working condition of the present utility model is as follows: for sake of convenience, we by from top to bottom, from left to right, sort four cylinders, respectively called after: E, F, G, H counterclockwise.We suppose that Fig. 1 state at this moment is: cylinder E is in compression end of a period state, and cylinder F is in air-breathing end of a period state, and cylinder G is in exhaust end of a period state, and cylinder H is in outburst end of a period state.This moment connecting rod rack (13) right side aperture (17) line of centres of alignment light fulgurite (58) and (57) just.The light that emission phototube (58) sends passes aperture (17) and is received phototube (57) reception.Optical signal changes electrical signal into, reaches concentrated electrical-controller by lead.Meanwhile, pressure transducer (6) reaches concentrated electrical-controller with each cylinder pressure value.Machine is handled the back affirmation as calculated, should be cylinder E outburst stroke this moment and begins.So send the oil spout instruction to fuel nozzle (19).Send firing command to spark plug (8).And send instruction to the intake valve electromagnet (3) of cylinder G by promptly deciding program, intake valve (37) is opened.Exhaust valve electromagnet (5) to cylinder H sends instruction, and exhaust valve is opened.So the piston set that contains connecting rod rack (13) moves right, finish the exhaust stroke of outburst stroke and the cylinder H of cylinder E.Connecting rod rack (13) promotes geared sleeve (12) and clockwise rotates, and drivening rod tooth bar (27) is to left movement.Finish the compression stroke of cylinder F and the suction stroke of cylinder G.At this moment, the ratchet (29) of the ratchet in the geared sleeve (30) handsetting gear ratchet assembly (28) clockwise rotates the gear ratchet assembly (28) that is slidingly matched with main shaft.By idle wheel (23), driving gear (25) and (24) rotational energy is passed to the gear (41) that is fixed as one with main shaft, it is rotated counterclockwise.Because the ratchet direction of ratchet (40) is counterclockwise, so in this trip, the ratchet (30) that ratchet (40) is corresponding with it is empty to slide.When the piston of cylinder H moves to right stop, when the piston of cylinder F moved to left stop, the aperture (17) in connecting rod rack left side is the line of centres of alignment light fulgurite (58) and (57) just.So photoelectric sensor and pressure transducer repeat above-mentioned process again, concentrate the fuel nozzle oil spout of electrical-controller instruction cylinder F, plug ignition, the intake valve of instruction cylinder H is opened, and the exhaust valve of cylinder E is opened.So cylinder F begins to break out stroke, cylinder G begins compression stroke, and cylinder H begins suction stroke, and cylinder E begins exhaust stroke.In this process, connecting rod rack (27) moves to the right, and driven gear cover (12) rotates counterclockwise.Ratchet on it (30) is stirred the ratchet of ratchet (40), makes spindle axis counterclockwise rotation.Because the ratchet of gear ratchet assembly (28) is a clockwise direction, so in this one stroke, the ratchet that the ratchet of gear ratchet assembly is corresponding with it is empty to slide.Resemble top working stroke and continue, we can discharge the working procedure of each cylinder: from the state of Fig. 1, and cylinder E: outburst, exhaust, air-breathing, compression.Cylinder F: compression, outburst, exhaust, air-breathing.Cylinder G: air-breathing, compression, outburst, exhaust.Cylinder H: exhaust, air-breathing, the compression, the outburst.Each cylinder is all finished once after the above-mentioned four stroke cycle, will continue to repeat above-mentioned circulation.If concentrate electrical-controller or other parts to break down, make piston stroke surpass stop, the block on the geared sleeve (65) will clash into the block (64) on the cylinder block.Be contained in that the pressure transducer in the block (63) reaches concentrated electrical-controller with pressure signal on the cylinder block.After computer is handled affirmation, sending flame-out instruction.Motor quits work.Because of the protective action of block, piston can not clash into cylinder head.

Claims (8)

1, rack and gear notch wheel driven electric control valve motor, it is at least by cylinder block (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (9), piston (10), connecting rod rack (13) and (27), roller (26), geared sleeve (12), be fixed on pawl base (18) and wherein ratchet (30) on the geared sleeve, main shaft (43), be fixed on ratchet (40) and gear (41) on the main shaft, the gear ratchet assembly (28) that is rotatably assorted with main shaft, be contained in the thrust-bearing (33) at gear ratchet assembly two ends, idle wheel (23), roller (26), be contained in gear (25) and (24) on the transmission shaft (49), main shaft bearing (42) and (34), main shaft seal (44) and (32), intake duct (21), air outlet flue (39), intake valve (37), exhaust valve (7), valve electromagnet (3) and (5), pressure transducer (6), fuel nozzle (19) and pilot (20), spark plug (8), by emission phototube (52) with receive the photoelectric sensor that phototube (54) is formed, be fixed on the block (65) on the geared sleeve, be fixed on the block (64) on the cylinder block and be located at wherein pressure transducer (63), lubricant oil nozzle (16), oil suction dish (53) constitutes, it is characterized in that: the cylinder (9) that at least two groups have same axis is set in cylinder block (1), the axis of these two groups of cylinders is parallel to each other, and in same plane, two pistons that match with cylinder (10), link together by a connecting rod rack (13), form a piston set, two pistons of another root connecting rod rack (27) and other are connected, form another piston set, the flank of tooth of the connecting rod rack of two piston set is mutually opposed, an axis and two piston set axis normal but disjoint geared sleeve (12), place in the middle of two piston set, the nodel line of its pitch circle and two piston set connecting rod racks is tangent, the modulus of two rack and pinions is identical, and mutual correct engagement, be provided with a plurality of pawl bases (18) in the geared sleeve both sides that cog, their several angle symmetric arrangement that staggers, ratchet (30) and holddown spring (35) are housed in pawl base, in cylinder block, be positioned at two the connecting rod rack back side one sides, a roller (26) respectively is set, the axis of two rollers parallels with the axis of geared sleeve, and coexist one by the geared sleeve axis, and in the perpendicular plane of piston axis, two corresponding with it all the time connecting rod rack back sides of roller contact, the assembly relation that connecting rod rack and geared sleeve cog is: when a piston set moved to cylinder left side stop, another piston set just moved to the right stop of cylinder, and vice versa, block (64) is set on cylinder block, pressure transducer (63) wherein is housed, block (65) is set on geared sleeve, when the stroke of piston set has just surpassed stroke stop point, block on the geared sleeve just contacts with block on the cylinder block, the main shaft (43) that has two ratchets is rotatably assorted with geared sleeve (12), and the ratchet direction of two ratchets is opposite, ratchet (40) and main shaft secure fit, gear ratchet assembly (28) is rotatably assorted with main shaft, thrust-bearing (33) is housed at its two ends, on the fitting surface of main shaft and geared sleeve (12) and gear ratchet assembly (28), is processed with helical oil line (67), at geared sleeve (12) inner surface middle part, processing a cross section is semicircular annular groove (48), locates at the corresponding geared sleeve inwall annular groove of main spindle table face (48), and processing a cross section is semicircular annular groove (47), these two annular grooves constitute an annular space, its cross section is circular, at corresponding annular space place, the geared sleeve outside, has a threaded aperture that is slightly larger than the circular crosssection, a plurality of steel balls that match with annular space, put into annular space from this hole, with a threaded pin this hole is sealed, the ratchet (30) in the pawl base on the geared sleeve (18) just is meshed with the ratchet of ratchet on the main shaft, gear ratchet assembly (28) is by being fixed on the idle wheel (23) on the cylinder block, with be positioned at main shaft below, gear (25) transmission that is fixed on the transmission shaft (49) with spindle parallel cooperates, these three modules are identical, the gear of gear ratchet assembly (28) equates with gear (25) pitch diameter, the other end in transmission shaft (49) is fixed with gear (24), it be fixed on the main shaft, the gear (41) that equates with its pitch diameter is meshed, advance, opening of exhaust valve (37) and (7), the pass is directly driven by computer-controlled electromagnet (3) and (5), and the computer of this computer and EFI electrical-controller and control piston stroke is integrated into unified concentrated electrical-controller, pressure transducer (6) is installed on cylinder head, its probe inserts firing chamber (4), locates at cylinder block top cover (56) below respective link tooth bar (13), and the photoelectric sensor that is made of emission phototube (52) and reception phototube (54) is installed, on connecting rod rack (13), have two apertures (17), the line of centres of two phototubes of its line of centres and photoelectric sensor intersects vertically, and when piston moves to the left side during stop, the center line of the aperture of the side that takes on the connecting rod rack just coincides with the line of centres of two phototubes, when described piston set moved to the right-hand member stop, the little centerline hole of the side of taking back on the piston rod just coincided with the line of centres of two phototubes of photoelectric sensor.

2, motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: if the above-mentioned motor of being made up of four cylinders is called the unit motor, so, by a plurality of unit motor series connection motor that can come from different backgrounds and possess different abilities, the phase place of the work starting point of each unit motor wherein, several angle mutually equably staggers.

3, motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the above-mentioned unit motor of being made up of four cylinders is parallel with one another, motor can come from different backgrounds and possess different abilities, the fore-and-aft direction of wherein per two adjacent unit engine spindles is inverted mutually, the gear of the gear ratchet assembly that is rotatably assorted of unit motor and main shaft wherein, directly be meshed with the gear that is fixed on the main shaft of another unit motor, intermeshing these two pitch circles equate that this parallel polynary motor can be combined into annular.

4, motor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: constitute hybrid engine by many polynary motor parallel connections of tandem.

5, motor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: constitute hybrid engine by many parallel polynary motor series connection.

6, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: geared sleeve (12), main shaft (43), gear ratchet assembly (28), ratchet (40) and gear (41) are all made surfaces nitrided processing with the 38CrMoAl steel.

7, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the matching surface of geared sleeve (12), main shaft (43) and gear ratchet assembly (28) is ceramic coated.

8, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the matching surface edge ceramic chamber lining of geared sleeve (12), main shaft (43) and gear ratchet assembly (28).

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