CN2417630Y - DC motor for electric vehicle - Google Patents
DC motor for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN2417630Y CN2417630Y CN 00211472 CN00211472U CN2417630Y CN 2417630 Y CN2417630 Y CN 2417630Y CN 00211472 CN00211472 CN 00211472 CN 00211472 U CN00211472 U CN 00211472U CN 2417630 Y CN2417630 Y CN 2417630Y
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Abstract
一种电动车用直流电机,包括电池、控制系统、电机三部分,其特征在于:所述控制系统,由电池经过由C、IGBT、D构成的固定频率PWM斩波调压器调制后加到电机M两端;IGBT的基极由开关电源集成控制器TL494的输出端9脚控制;控制指令信号加到开关电源集成控制器TL494的死区时间控制端4脚上,主负载回路中的霍尔电流传感器HCS与TL494的脚1相接构成恒流调节器。本实用新型可以通过原油门踏板调节电机转速,并且使电动车具有良好的起动和加速性能。
A DC motor for electric vehicles, comprising three parts: a battery, a control system, and a motor, characterized in that: the control system is modulated by the battery through a fixed-frequency PWM chopper voltage regulator composed of C, IGBT, and D, and then added to Both ends of the motor M; the base of the IGBT is controlled by the output terminal 9 pin of the switching power supply integrated controller TL494; the control command signal is added to the dead time control terminal 4 pin of the switching power supply integrated controller TL494, The current sensor HCS is connected with pin 1 of TL494 to form a constant current regulator. The utility model can adjust the motor speed through the crude oil door pedal, and makes the electric vehicle have good starting and accelerating performance.
Description
The utility model relates to vehicle technology, provides a kind of especially and has regulated motor speed by former throttle pedal, makes electric motor car have the electric vehicle DC motor of good starting and acceleration performance.
At present, electric motor car research is in the starting stage, and its corresponding electric machine control system does not appear in the newspapers.The drive controlling of modern DC motor all adopts crystal amplifier to realize, the crystal amplifier system can be divided into two types of linear amplifier and switching amplifiers.Linear amplifier has linear control characteristic, does not have the obvious control hysteresis, and speed control range is wide.But just because of work in the linear amplification state, the loss of power device is big, efficient low (the highest be no more than 50%).Therefore, linear amplifier is generally only used in low power occasion to some extent, and what adopt in a large number is switching amplifier.Switching amplifier always is in conducting or off-state, and during conducting, tube voltage drop is very little, and electric current is approximately zero when disconnecting, so, no matter be on-off, transistorized power consumption is all very little, and this has just improved the efficient of switching mode power amplifier greatly.Pulse-width modulation (PWM) mode is adopted in the driving of switching amplifier more, and promptly the amplifier operating frequency is fixed, and by changing the width (angle of flow) of conducting pulse, changes the average voltage level that is added in the load.As DC motor control system of electric vehicle, its load is high power DC electric machine (rated power 25～45KW, rated voltage 180～240V, a rated current 140～200A), and good starting and acceleration performance will be arranged.Therefore control circuit should be able to produce response fast to control command; the dynamic operational behaviour that meanwhile should guarantee the switching mode power device is within its safe range (SOA); in addition; control circuit should have overcurrent protection function; in order to restriction starting current peak value, and contingent at any time motor overload current peak in the driving process.To this, existing direct current machine Driving technique is difficult in the requirement that aspects such as speed governing and dynamic protection satisfy electric motor car.What adopt before the utility model is mcu programming PWM control mode, after single-chip microcomputer collects initiating signal, by program control the pulsewidth of pwm signal is increased gradually, and the terminal voltage of armature increases, and electric motor car quickens.After single-chip microcomputer collects stop signal, by program control the pulsewidth of pwm signal is reduced gradually again, the terminal voltage of armature reduces, and electric motor car slows down.By program control, armature voltage is slowly increased like this, reach the electric stress of alleviating switching mode power electrical device, prevent the purpose of device failure.But consequently maneuverability is poor, drive inconvenience, and do not have current limit function, and the safeguard measure imperfection of device, the surge absorbing circuit loss is big.
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of electric vehicle direct current machine, and it can regulate motor speed by former throttle pedal, and makes electric motor car have good starting and acceleration performance.
The utility model provides a kind of electric vehicle direct current machine, comprise battery, control system, motor three parts, it is characterized in that: described control system is added to the motor M two ends by the direct voltage Us of battery after through the fixed-frequency PWM chopper control device modulation that is made of electrochemical capacitor C, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, sustained diode; The base stage of IGBT is by the output 9 foot control systems of Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator TL494; Control command signal is added on Dead Time control end 4 pin of Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator TL494, the pin 1 of the Hall current sensor HCS in the main load circuit by low-pass filtering, amplification and the TL494 formation constant current regulator that joins.
The two ends that are preferably in switching device IGBT and sustained diode in the utility model add noninductive resistance Rs, noninductive capacitor C s and fast recovery type diode Ds to constitute surge voltage absorbing circuit.Output 9 pin of TL494 are by the base stage of integrated isolated drive circuit M57962L control IGBT.
The utility model adopt high pressure, at a high speed, high-power switch device IGBT (igbt) constitutes PWM chopper control device, control command signal (as displacement transducer, pressure sensor, potentiometer etc.) is converted to the Dead Time control end that is added to Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator (as TL494, SG3525, MC34060, UC3842 etc.) behind the voltage signal, by regulating the pulse spacing of pwm signal, reach the purpose of regulating the output average voltage.Utilize error amplifier that the Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator includes as constant current regulator, with the peak value of load current in the restriction major loop in addition.And adopt the IGBT module-specific to mix the gate isolation drive circuit of integrated isolated drive circuit M57962L as IGBT.Adopt noninductive resistance, noninductive electric capacity and fast recovery type diode to constitute surge voltage absorbing circuit, the overvoltage that limit switch device IGBT and fly-wheel diode cause because of the major loop stray inductance.
Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator TL494 is a kind of PWM-type (PWM) Switching Power Supply integral control circuit, comprise the required whole control circuits of switching power supply, error amplifier, oscillator, pulse width modulator, pulse generator, output switching tube and current protecting circuit are wherein arranged, can be used to produce pwm control signal; Chip includes two error amplifiers, can be designed to have the fixedly voltage stabilizing duty control circuit of pressure limiting, current-limiting function.The utility model is by analyzing the internal control principle of TL494, its Dead Time controlled function is used for output voltage regulates, work out the adjustable controlling circuit of voltage regulation of voltage, use it in the electric motor car, the driver can regulate motor speed by former throttle pedal, reaches the purpose of speed governing; Utilize one of them error amplifier as constant current regulator, peak value with load current in the restriction major loop, and its ratio-integration (PI) link, in order to the electrical characteristic of coordinated control system and the mechanical property of motor-load system, within the dynamic security working range (SOA) of switching mode power device, can reach quick response, thereby make electric motor car have good starting and acceleration performance.The utlity model has important in addition and using value widely, according to this principle, can design rectification control of the adjustable voltage-stabilizing switch power source of various constant voltages, constant-current device such as voltage, adjustable high accuracy constant voltage or constant current charger, induction heating equipment etc.Below by embodiment in detail the utility model is described in detail.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a system architecture diagram
Accompanying drawing 2 is the waveform of armature terminal voltage Um
Accompanying drawing 4 is a PWM waveform generation schematic diagram
Accompanying drawing 5 is the control circuit block diagram
Accompanying drawing 6 is a practical circuit
Embodiment:
System architecture diagram as shown in Figure 1.Battery adopts 120 series connection of Ni-MH 60Ah battery to use, and voltage U s is 144V.After modulating, fixed frequency (20KHz) the PWM chopper control device that the direct voltage Us of battery constitutes through IGBT is added to the motor M two ends.The waveform of armature terminal voltage Um as shown in Figure 2.Motor speed is determined by average voltage Ua.Change the conducting width (t) of IGBT in a switch periods (T), can change the size of average voltage Ua, thereby control rotating speed of motor.D is a fly-wheel diode, and in power device IGBT procedures of turn-off, the self induction electromotive force of motor makes the fly-wheel diode forward conduction, provides a continuous current circuit to load current, simultaneously with IGBT terminal voltage clamper in supply voltage Us.V1 select for use the high pressure of saying this Mitsubishi, at a high speed, large power semiconductor device IGBT (CM300HA-12H), its rated current is 300A, rated voltage is 600V.Rs, Cs, Ds are surge voltage absorbing circuit, suppress the switch spike voltage on IGBT and the sustained diode.Rs, Cs are noninductive resistance and noninductive electric capacity, and Ds is the fast recovery type diode.Electrochemical capacitor C is a storage capacitor, and the auxiliary discharge electric current is provided when the IGBT conducting.FUSE is a fuse, and the load short circuits protection is provided.HCS is the Hall current instrument transformer, for control circuit provides current signal.Motor is selected permanent magnet DC motor for use, and its rated power is 25KW, and rated speed is 3000rpm, and rated voltage is 180V, and rated current is 147A.
Fig. 3 is the function equivalent circuit diagram of TL494.4 pin of error amplifier A1 wherein and the output of A2 (A, B) and TL494 after the diode parallel connection by three equivalences, are compared with the sawtooth waveforms that oscillator produces and are produced the PWM ripple.PWM waveform generation schematic diagram is seen Fig. 4, right figure as seen, the pulse duration of the voltage comparator A3 of TL494 output (C) is by voltage soprano decision among A, B and the 4 pin threes.Usually, 4 pin of TL494 are used for control of soft, dead band control and protection control, and amplifier A1 or A2 are used for constant voltage or constant flow regulation.The 5V reference voltage output end that 14 pin provide for inside, 13 pin are way of output control end, and the decision out drive stage is complementary output (high level is effective), still output (low level is effective) synchronously.Just because of the pulse duration of PWM waveform is subjected to the 4 foot control systems of TL494, therefore can reach the purpose of regulating PWM output average voltage by regulating 4 pin voltages.And utilize one of them error amplifier as constant current regulator, with the peak value of load current in the restriction major loop.
Fig. 5 is the control circuit block diagram.By the load current signal in the Hall current sensor collection major loop, behind the low pass filter filters out radio-frequency component, become level and smooth direct current signal, the current feedback signal that becomes suitable amplitude again after signal amplifier amplifies is added in the pwm signal generation and control circuit that is made of TL494, its output pwm control signal is after the M57962L isolation drive, be added on the grid of IGBT, reach into the PWM control loop.
Practical circuit is seen Fig. 6.The current signal of Hall current sensor (HCS) M end output is transformed to voltage signal through resistance R 1, on the second-order low-pass filter through being added to R2, C1, R3, C2, R4, R5 formation after the potentiometer P1 sampling, on in-phase end 3 pin of output direct current signal through being added to amplifier CA3140 after R4, the R5 dividing potential drop, its end of oppisite phase 2 is connected to ratio and regulates resistor network (R6, R7, R8, P2), direct current signal after the amplification is exported 1 pin (being the in-phase end of internal error amplifier A1) that is added to TL494 through 6 pin, forms current feedback signal.The 5V reference voltage of 14 pin output is added to 2 pin (being the end of oppisite phase of error amplifier A1) through resistance R 9, so that the reference voltage of comparison to be provided after R14, P3 dividing potential drop.Resistance R 10 between 23, R11 and capacitor C 4 and resistance R 9 compositions-integration (PI) adjuster.5 pin, 6 pin connect timing element capacitor C 6 and resistance R 12, to constitute fixing PWM frequency of oscillation (f=1.1/Rt
*Ct).Its 13 pin ground connection forms single-ended output.By regulator potentiometer P4, regulate the terminal voltage of TL4944 pin, thereby regulate the pulse duration of pwm signal.C5 is a filter capacitor, and R13 is a divider resistance, in order to limit the terminal voltage of 4 pin.The PWM modulation signal that TL494 produces is exported by 9 pin, is added to 14 pin of M57962L through resistance R 16.M57962L mixes integrated isolated drive circuit for the IGBT module-specific, and its 5 pin output drive signal is added to through resistance R 18 on the grid G of IGBT.Z1, Z2, Z3 are the voltage-stabiliser tube that protection device is used, and D1 is a fast recovery diode, and in order to the over-current detection of IGBT, 8 LED light that pin connects are the over-current signal indication.
Repack Toyota's Wan Lite minibus into electric motor car, car body weight is 1500Kg; Motor is selected the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet DC motor of packet header magneto Research Institute for use, and motor rated power is 25KW, and rated speed is 3000rpm, and rated voltage is 180V.Battery adopts 120 series connection of Ni-MH 60Ah battery to use, and voltage is 144V.Alignment circuit adopts power device IGBT module to constitute the PWM chopper and regulates electric moter voltage.Control circuit can stepless speed regulation and is had overcurrent protection function, can limit maximum starting current, and contingent at any time motor overload current peak in the driving process.Car load can this to performance index be:
1, F-Zero: 70Km/h
2, continual mileage: the 90Km (40Km/h constant speed drive) that once charges
3, acceleration performance: (0～40Km/h)＜30s
4, max. climb slope: 10 °
Claims (3)
1, a kind of electric vehicle direct current machine, comprise battery, control system, motor three parts, it is characterized in that: described control system is added to the motor M two ends by the direct voltage Us of battery after through the fixed-frequency PWM chopper control device modulation that is made of electrochemical capacitor C, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, sustained diode; The base stage of IGBT is by the output 9 foot control systems of Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator TL494; Control command signal is added on Dead Time control end 4 pin of Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator TL494, the pin 1 of the Hall current sensor HCS in the main load circuit by low-pass filtering, amplification and the TL494 formation constant current regulator that joins.
2, according to the described electric vehicle direct current machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two ends that noninductive resistance Rs, noninductive capacitor C s and fast recovery type diode Ds are added in switching device IGBT and sustained diode constitute surge voltage absorbing circuit.
3, according to the described electric vehicle direct current machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: output 9 pin of TL494 are by the base stage of integrated isolated drive circuit M57962L control IGBT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00211472 CN2417630Y (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2000-04-12 | DC motor for electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00211472 CN2417630Y (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2000-04-12 | DC motor for electric vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2417630Y true CN2417630Y (en) | 2001-01-31 |
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ID=33578164
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00211472 Expired - Fee Related CN2417630Y (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2000-04-12 | DC motor for electric vehicle |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN2417630Y (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101072020B (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-10-06 | 美的集团有限公司 | Generating circuit of field effect transistor dead zone control driving signal |
-
2000
- 2000-04-12 CN CN 00211472 patent/CN2417630Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101072020B (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-10-06 | 美的集团有限公司 | Generating circuit of field effect transistor dead zone control driving signal |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |