CN217746431U - Low-concentration hydrogen adsorption purification system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统，属于气体分离领域。该系统包括基本提纯系统和若干个附加系统，基本提纯系统和附加系统都是由若干个串联连接的吸附塔组成，基本提纯系统和附加系统串联，每个吸附塔内装有具有吸氢能力的吸附剂。本实用新型利用基本提纯系统和附加系统不同的组合可以满足对氢气不同纯度(2N‑15N)的需求。本实用新型适用于低浓度氢气提纯场景，包括但不限于低氢气浓度下工业废气的提纯，天然气掺氢到站提纯，浮法玻璃制造等多种场景。
The utility model provides a low-concentration hydrogen adsorption and purification system, which belongs to the field of gas separation. The system includes a basic purification system and several additional systems. The basic purification system and the additional system are composed of several adsorption towers connected in series. The basic purification system and the additional system are connected in series. agent. The utility model can meet the requirements for different purities (2N-15N) of hydrogen by using different combinations of the basic purification system and the additional system. The utility model is suitable for low-concentration hydrogen purification scenarios, including but not limited to the purification of industrial waste gas under low hydrogen concentration, the on-site purification of natural gas mixed with hydrogen, and the manufacture of float glass.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于气体分离领域，涉及氢气直接吸附提纯领域，尤其涉及低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统。The utility model belongs to the field of gas separation, relates to the field of direct adsorption and purification of hydrogen, in particular to a low-concentration hydrogen adsorption and purification system.
背景技术Background technique
据不完全统计，2018年中国汽车的碳排放量将接近20亿吨，如何降低碳排放量已成为目前人们日益关注的焦点。作为传统汽车的替代，氢气燃料电池车能够真正实现零碳排放的目标，是解决汽车尾气碳排放问题的最有效途径。因此，氢气的提纯技术和运输技术是实现氢气燃料电池车应用的基础。According to incomplete statistics, the carbon emissions of Chinese automobiles will be close to 2 billion tons in 2018. How to reduce carbon emissions has become the focus of increasing attention. As an alternative to traditional vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can truly achieve the goal of zero carbon emissions, and are the most effective way to solve the problem of vehicle exhaust carbon emissions. Therefore, hydrogen purification technology and transportation technology are the basis for realizing the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
目前工业提纯燃料氢气的方法多采用PSA-H2，而这种传统方法的前提是原料气中氢气含量应高于50％且具有一定压力。运输技术分为高压气瓶运输，金属储氢运输和管道运输。其中，高压气瓶运输较为危险；金属储氢运输需要金属合金作为载体，运输量极为有限；管道运输为气体运输的常用方法，但需要铺设大量管道，基础设施投资高。At present, PSA-H 2 is mostly used in the industrial purification of fuel hydrogen, but the premise of this traditional method is that the hydrogen content in the raw gas should be higher than 50% and have a certain pressure. Transportation technology is divided into high-pressure gas cylinder transportation, metal hydrogen storage transportation and pipeline transportation. Among them, the transportation of high-pressure gas cylinders is more dangerous; the transportation of metal hydrogen storage requires metal alloys as carriers, and the transportation volume is extremely limited; pipeline transportation is a common method of gas transportation, but it requires the laying of a large number of pipelines and high infrastructure investment.
目前国内外管道运输氢气多为在天然气管道中掺入一定量氢气，这种方法的优势是利用现有天然气管道即可，极大降低了氢气运输过程中基础设施投资成本，缺陷是天然气中掺杂氢气量有限，氢气浓度很低一般不高于10％。通过PSA-H2功耗极大，且提氢纯度很难达到90％以上。高压下现有吸附剂对甲烷的吸附量几乎不变，PSA法均压次数太多，设备复杂且投资高。At present, domestic and foreign pipeline transportation of hydrogen mostly involves mixing a certain amount of hydrogen into natural gas pipelines. The advantage of this method is that the existing natural gas pipelines can be used, which greatly reduces the infrastructure investment cost in the process of hydrogen transportation. The disadvantage is that natural gas is mixed with The amount of heterohydrogen is limited, and the concentration of hydrogen is very low, generally not higher than 10%. The power consumption of PSA-H 2 is extremely high, and the purity of hydrogen extraction is difficult to reach more than 90%. Under high pressure, the adsorption capacity of existing adsorbents for methane is almost unchanged, and the PSA method has too many pressure equalization times, and the equipment is complicated and the investment is high.
传统氢气提纯的方法中，普遍使用吸附氢气中杂质的吸附剂，氢气被作为非吸附相，并很难实现低浓度氢气直接提纯至99％以上。采用膜分离法纯化氢气时，只能通过金属钯膜扩散法实现。但是，钯膜的生产成本较高，透氢速度太低，无法实现大规模工业化的应用。In traditional hydrogen purification methods, adsorbents that absorb impurities in hydrogen are commonly used. Hydrogen is used as a non-adsorbing phase, and it is difficult to directly purify low-concentration hydrogen to more than 99%. When using membrane separation method to purify hydrogen, it can only be realized by metal palladium membrane diffusion method. However, the production cost of the palladium membrane is high, and the hydrogen permeation rate is too low to realize large-scale industrial application.
因此，需要提供一种新的低浓度氢气吸附提纯方法，以较低的成本实现氢气分离的高纯度，高效率和高收率。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new low-concentration hydrogen adsorption purification method to achieve high purity, high efficiency and high yield of hydrogen separation at a lower cost.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本实用新型提供一种低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统，目的是将C类混合气体(尤其是天然气)中的低浓度氢气直接吸附分离，得到高纯度的氢气。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art above, the utility model provides a low-concentration hydrogen adsorption purification system, the purpose of which is to directly adsorb and separate the low-concentration hydrogen in the C-type mixed gas (especially natural gas) to obtain high-purity hydrogen.
本实用新型提供的技术方案是：The technical scheme provided by the utility model is:
一种低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统，其特征在于，包括基本提纯系统和若干个附加系统，基本提纯系统和附加系统都是由若干个串联连接的吸附塔组成，基本提纯系统与所述附加系统串联连接，在提纯系统或附加系统中的每个吸附塔内装有具有吸氢能力的吸附剂。A low-concentration hydrogen adsorption purification system is characterized in that it includes a basic purification system and several additional systems, the basic purification system and the additional system are composed of several adsorption towers connected in series, and the basic purification system is connected in series with the additional system Each adsorption tower in the purification system or additional system is equipped with an adsorbent with hydrogen absorption capacity.
基本提纯系统的中的吸附塔数量N由下面公式给出，其中P为低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统的吸附压力，K为每次均压过程中压力，其取值范围0.4～1MPa，优化范围为0.6～0.8MPa；The number N of adsorption towers in the basic purification system is given by the following formula, where P is the adsorption pressure of the low-concentration hydrogen adsorption purification system, K is the pressure during each pressure equalization process, and its value ranges from 0.4 to 1 MPa. The optimal range is 0.6～0.8MPa;
原料气在一定压力下由基本提纯系统的进气端进入吸附塔，吸附塔用于提纯氢气，杂质气体从吸附塔排出，在基本提纯系统中得到的氢气再作为原料气进入附加系统，和基本提纯系统一样，吸附塔用于提纯氢气，提纯后的氢气作为产品气从最末端的附加系统排出。The raw material gas enters the adsorption tower from the inlet end of the basic purification system under a certain pressure. The adsorption tower is used to purify hydrogen, and the impurity gas is discharged from the adsorption tower. Like the purification system, the adsorption tower is used to purify hydrogen, and the purified hydrogen is discharged from the final additional system as product gas.
所述附加系统的吸附塔个数为2-4个，附加系统的数量为0-5个。The number of adsorption towers of the additional system is 2-4, and the number of additional systems is 0-5.
在基本提纯系统和附加系统之间串联连接的管路上设有压缩机。A compressor is provided on the pipeline connected in series between the basic purification system and the additional system.
所述吸附塔的串联连接的管路上设有多个阀门及分析仪表。A plurality of valves and analytical instruments are arranged on the pipelines connected in series of the adsorption tower.
本实用新型适用于低浓度氢气提纯场景，包括但不限于低氢气浓度下工业废气的提纯，天然气掺氢到站提纯，浮法玻璃制造等多种场景。实验证明，本实用新型利用不同级别的提纯系统可满足对氢气不同纯度(2N-15N)的需求：基本提纯系统可满足氢气纯度为80％～99％的需求；基本提纯系统+1个附加系统可满足氢气纯度为99％～99.99％的需求；基本提纯系统+2个附加系统可满足氢气纯度为99.99％～99.99999％的需求；基本提纯系统+3个附加系统可满足氢气纯度为99.99999％～99.99999999％的需求；基本提纯系统+4个附加系统可满足氢气纯度为99.99999999％～99.99999999999％的需求；基本提纯系统+5个附加系统可满足氢气纯度为99.99999999999％～99.9999999999999％的需求。The utility model is suitable for low-concentration hydrogen purification scenarios, including but not limited to the purification of industrial waste gas under low hydrogen concentration, natural gas mixed with hydrogen to station purification, float glass manufacturing and other scenarios. Experiments have proved that the utility model can meet the demand for different purity (2N-15N) of hydrogen by using different levels of purification systems: the basic purification system can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 80% to 99%; the basic purification system + 1 additional system Can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 99% ~ 99.99%; basic purification system + 2 additional systems can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 99.99% ~ 99.99999%; basic purification system + 3 additional systems can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 99.99999% ~ The demand of 99.99999999%; the basic purification system + 4 additional systems can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 99.99999999% ~ 99.99999999999%; the basic purification system + 5 additional systems can meet the demand of hydrogen purity of 99.99999999999% ~ 99.9999999999999%.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型具体实施例中基本提纯系统与附加系统之间串联的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of series connection between the basic purification system and the additional system in the specific embodiment of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型具体实施例中基本提纯系统与附加系统中串联的吸附塔的示意图。Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the adsorption tower connected in series in the basic purification system and the additional system in the specific embodiment of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合具体实施案例，进一步描述和说明本实用新型，但不以任何方式限制本实用新型的范围。The utility model will be further described and illustrated below in conjunction with specific implementation examples, but the scope of the utility model is not limited in any way.
根据所需产品氢气浓度为99.999％的要求，如图1所示，本实用新型低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统采用基本提纯系统和二个附加系统来实现该需求。吸附剂为A2B型吸附剂Mg2Ni，原料气为85％CH4/15％H2的混合气体，吸附温度在85℃。吸附压力为4MPa，解吸压力为-1MPa，进气流量为1000m3/h。基本提纯系统和二个附加系统串联，基本提纯系统与附加系统之间以及两个附加系统之间分别都连接有一台压缩机，将基本提纯系统中的产品气压缩后做为原料气进入附加系统。其中基本提纯系统和附加系统都是由若干个串联连接的吸附塔组成，其中基本提纯系统中吸附塔个数公式为
附加系统和基本提纯系统中的吸附塔都是串联结构。吸附塔内装有直接吸附氢气的吸附剂，根据原料气中氢气含量、原料气压力、原料气流量和吸附时间调整氢气吸附剂装填量；本实施例中每个吸附塔的吸附剂装填量为500kg。The adsorption towers in the additional system and the basic purification system are all in series structure. The adsorption tower is equipped with an adsorbent that directly absorbs hydrogen, and the hydrogen adsorbent loading capacity is adjusted according to the hydrogen content in the feed gas, the feed gas pressure, the feed gas flow rate and the adsorption time; in this embodiment, the adsorbent loading capacity of each adsorption tower is 500kg .
基本提纯系统和附加系统中每个吸附塔的变压吸附过程如下：The pressure swing adsorption process of each adsorption tower in the basic purification system and the additional system is as follows:
吸附：原料气在一定压力下从前端吸附塔的进口端进入吸附塔，氢气被吸附剂吸附，甲烷作为吸附尾气从吸附塔出口端排出；Adsorption: The raw material gas enters the adsorption tower from the inlet of the front-end adsorption tower under a certain pressure, hydrogen is absorbed by the adsorbent, and methane is discharged from the outlet of the adsorption tower as the adsorption tail gas;
均压：原料气停止进入吸附塔，顺着吸附方向将吸附塔内较高压力甲烷依次放入其它已完成再生的低压吸附塔的过程；Pressure equalization: The raw material gas stops entering the adsorption tower, and the higher-pressure methane in the adsorption tower is sequentially put into other low-pressure adsorption towers that have been regenerated along the adsorption direction;
顺放：吸附塔中的甲烷继续排放，当检测器检出排出的气体中含有氢气时结束顺放过程；Parallel discharge: the methane in the adsorption tower continues to be discharged, and the parallel discharge process ends when the detector detects that the discharged gas contains hydrogen;
排空：吸附塔内的剩余氢气从吸附塔的进气端排出；Evacuation: the remaining hydrogen in the adsorption tower is discharged from the intake end of the adsorption tower;
充压：原料气进入吸附塔，压力升至吸附设定压力。Pressure charging: The raw material gas enters the adsorption tower, and the pressure rises to the adsorption set pressure.
在基本提纯系统和附加系统中串联的吸附塔上设置若干条管路分别为原料气进气管路，吸附尾气输出管路，吸附尾气回流管路和产品气输出管路等系列管路上设有多个程控阀、调节阀、仪表和控制系统。程控阀和调节阀根据控制系统的程序设定时许进行完成开关动作和调节阀门开度，保证系统的连续运行；经分离结束后，氢气纯度≥99.999％。Several pipelines are set on the adsorption towers connected in series in the basic purification system and the additional system, which are feed gas inlet pipeline, adsorption tail gas output pipeline, adsorption tail gas return pipeline and product gas output pipeline. Program-controlled valves, regulating valves, instruments and control systems. The program-controlled valve and regulating valve complete the switching action and adjust the valve opening according to the program setting of the control system to ensure the continuous operation of the system; after the separation, the hydrogen purity is ≥99.999%.
本实用新型提供的低浓度氢气吸附提纯系统，以基本提纯系统为核心，与不同个数的附加系统串联，实现对氢气与C类气体混合气中的低浓度氢气的提纯及分离。不同的组合方式可获得不同纯度的氢气，例如：燃料氢气可推荐使用基本提纯系统或基本提纯系统加一个附加系统，高纯氢气可推荐基本提纯系统加二个或三个附加系统；超高纯氢气可推荐基本提纯系统加四个或五个附加系统。The low-concentration hydrogen adsorption and purification system provided by the utility model takes the basic purification system as the core and is connected in series with different numbers of additional systems to realize the purification and separation of low-concentration hydrogen in the mixture of hydrogen and C-type gases. Different combinations can be used to obtain hydrogen of different purity, for example: fuel hydrogen can be recommended to use a basic purification system or a basic purification system plus an additional system, high-purity hydrogen can recommend a basic purification system plus two or three additional systems; ultra-high purity Hydrogen can recommend a basic purification system plus four or five additional systems.
需要注意的是，公布实施例的目的在于帮助进一步理解本实用新型，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本实用新型及所附权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换和修改都是可能的。因此，本实用新型不应局限于实施例所公开的内容，本实用新型要求保护的范围以内权利要求书界定的范围为准。It should be noted that the purpose of the disclosed embodiments is to help further understand the utility model, but those skilled in the art can understand that: without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model and the appended claims, various replacements and modifications are possible. It is possible. Therefore, the utility model should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the utility model should be defined by the claims.
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