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CN101732947B - Method for safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration - Google Patents

Method for safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101732947B
CN101732947B CN 201010034206 CN201010034206A CN101732947B CN 101732947 B CN101732947 B CN 101732947B CN 201010034206 CN201010034206 CN 201010034206 CN 201010034206 A CN201010034206 A CN 201010034206A CN 101732947 B CN101732947 B CN 101732947B
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adsorption
gas
methane
oxygen
low
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CN101732947A (en
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刘应书
杨雄
李永玲
杨军华
张辉
宋燕民
刘文海
郭广栋
孟宇
张传钊
曹红程
张德鑫
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Shidai Taoyuan Environment Science And Technology Co Ltd Beijing
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Shidai Taoyuan Environment Science And Technology Co Ltd Beijing
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集的方法。它是通过变压吸附的方法,从解吸阶段获得产品气。为了保证吸附过程中的安全,吸附过程中甲烷和氧气同时被吸附,其体积分数保证在安全范围以内,其中甲烷体积分数低于5%,氧气体积分数低于9.47%。本发明中吸附塔内使用吸附剂为主要吸附甲烷和主要吸附氧气的混合吸附剂。本发明中控制吸附压力在0.9MPa以内。本发明可以将抽放的煤矿低浓度瓦斯富集利用,同时可以减少温室气体的排放。

The invention provides a method for safe adsorption and enrichment of low-concentration gas. It obtains the product gas from the desorption stage by means of pressure swing adsorption. In order to ensure the safety of the adsorption process, methane and oxygen are simultaneously adsorbed during the adsorption process, and their volume fractions are guaranteed to be within a safe range, wherein the volume fraction of methane is less than 5%, and the volume fraction of oxygen is less than 9.47%. The adsorbent used in the adsorption tower in the present invention is a mixed adsorbent that mainly absorbs methane and mainly absorbs oxygen. In the present invention, the adsorption pressure is controlled within 0.9 MPa. The invention can enrich and utilize the drained coal mine low-concentration gas, and can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases at the same time.

Description

A kind of method of safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration
Technical field
The invention belongs to the PSA Gas Separation Technology field, especially relate to a kind of method of light concentration mash gas safety enrichment, be used for safe enrichment and the utilization of colliery drawing-off gas.
Background technology
The content of methane is generally 20~45% in the coal bed gas, and 2000 meters in China is approximately 300,000~35 tcms with interior shallow-layer coal bed gas resource amount, and is similar with the total resources of natural gas, occupies the third place in the world.At present, the coal bed gas that China discharges because mining every year accounts for 1/3 of world's coal mining discharging coal bed gas total amount more than 130 billion cubic meters, rank first in the world.China's " safety regulations in coal mine " regulation, the methane volume fraction must not be lower than 30% during gas utilization, and volume fraction is lower than 25% coal bed gas and must not utilizes.The at present industrial way processing methane volume fraction of burning destruction or diffusing that often adopts is lower than 25% coal bed gas, has not only wasted a large amount of high-grade energies, and has caused the discharging of greenhouse gases.Therefore, how with the methane gas separating and concentrating of low concentration, become the major issue of cbm development.
Gas explosion is one of the major casualty in colliery.The volume fraction of methane and oxygen has explosivity in certain scope, generally adopt in the world the explosive range of Coward triangle pair fuel gas to differentiate.Patent 200810101910.3,200810101907.1,200810101908.6 discloses the methane explosion triangle schematic diagram after the expansion shown in Figure 1, among the figure whole concentration range is divided into explosibility district and non-blast area.Wherein the zone in the triangle L ' NV ' is the zone that can blast, and its mid point V is the critical explosion point, and its coordinate is (5.18,9.47).Straight line NVV ' is the UEL of methane under the different oxygen purities, and corresponding methane and oxygen purity close and be: Y=1.181X O2-6.0.Straight line L ' LN is the LEL of methane under the different oxygen purities, and corresponding methane and oxygen purity close and be: Y=5.344-0.0713X O2
Separating coal bed gas with Deep Cooling Method, can to obtain volume fraction be methane gas more than 95%.But need gas is added high pressure in the deep cooling process, and the aerial UEL of methane increases along with the increase of pressure, the UEL of methane has brought up to 42.5% when coal bed gas pressure reaches 2.5Mpa.In order to guarantee the safety of separation process, need to carry out in advance deoxidation treatment when Deep Cooling Method is separated gas, and the content of oxygen is very high in the low concentration gas, oxygen purity then needs to increase a large amount of investments greater than 14.7% to low concentration gas qi exhaustion oxygen.Chinese patent 200810101910.3,200810101907.1,200810101908.6 discloses a kind of method for the coalbed methane containing oxygen cryogenic separation, the volume fraction of this separation method control methane, oxygen, nitrogen ternary gas and and operating process in temperature guarantee to be positioned at outside the explosion triangle all the time in the separation process.Separation by deep refrigeration operating process more complicated, equipment investment and energy consumption are all larger, only have scale to reach and just are fit to after sizable degree use.At present, Deep Cooling Method is not yet being seen plant-scale application example aspect the low concentration gas separation.Membrane separation process is simple, easy to operate, with low cost, non-secondary pollution, but the effect that film separates is strong to the masking technique dependence, and film itself may exist easily and silt up, fragile, the problem such as service life is short, and technical also have the larger space of improving.Aspect the film separation, the large-scale membrane separation process that relates to methane in the mist still is in the development phase, and particularly the CH4/N2 system is not also having successful report aspect the film separation.
Pressure-variable adsorption is owing to the advantages such as investment is little, and operating cost is low are being paid close attention to aspect the gas separation field widely.Patent CN85103557A has described a kind of technology of pressure-swing adsorption concentration coal mine gas, take active carbon as adsorbent, is can be with more than the methane concentrate to 95% under the condition of 0.5-1.0MPa at adsorptive pressure.Adopting this technology to build up China's first set processing coal bed gas tolerance in Jiaozhuo, Henan mineral bureau is 1.2 ten thousand m 3The concentrated commerical test device in/sky is successfully with the CH in the coal bed gas 4Volume fraction brings up to 63.9% from 30.4%, increase displacement step after, can further improve 99.4%.Because adsorptive pressure is large, and has potential safety hazard in adsorption process, this technology is not promoted.The low concentration gas oxygen content is high, uses in the pressure-variable adsorption separation process that any gas all can't guarantee to avoid in the operating process explosion triangle in the single adsorption agent adsorption gas gas, and the enrichment for low concentration gas both at home and abroad all lacks research.The method that the present invention mixes by adsorbent, pro rata absorption mist guarantees the safe operation of pressure-variable adsorption separation process.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency that enters easily the gas explosion limit in the pressure-variable adsorption enrichment gas process, the invention provides the method for a kind of low concentration gas (the methane volume fraction is less than 30%) safe adsorption and enrichment.The method can safety be more than the low-concentration methane gas concentrate to 30% 20% or more with volume fraction, and the rate of recovery is above 80%.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: propose a kind of method of safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration, realize the enrichment of low-concentration methane gas by the method for Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption.The adsorbent that loads in the adsorption tower in the described vacuum pressure swing absorption process is mixed adsorbent.Described mixed adsorbent is the adsorbent of main adsorption of oxygen and the adsorbent of main adsorbed methane gas.The adsorbent of described main adsorption of oxygen is carbon molecular sieve, zeolite molecular sieve and MOF (metal-organic framework materials), and the adsorbent of described main adsorbed methane is active carbon, zeolite molecular sieve and MOF.The mixed proportion of described mixing and absorption adsorbent is: the scope of the adsorbent mass of the adsorbent mass of main adsorption of oxygen/main adsorbed methane is 9: 1~1: 2.
Described pressure-changing process flow mainly comprise boost, adsorb, all pressure, depressurization desorption, cleaning five steps.Described pressure swing adsorption technique parameter is as follows: adsorptive pressure is controlled within 0.1MPa~0.9MPa, and depressurization desorption pressure is controlled within 0.01MPa~0.1MPa.In the described pressure-swing absorption process, low-concentration methane gas under high pressure flows into adsorption tower, the pro rata adsorbed methane of mixed adsorbent and oxygen, and the gas that is not adsorbed flows out from the exhaust end of adsorption tower.Methane volume fraction and oxygen purity reduce simultaneously at the absorption mass-transfer zone in the adsorption process, and the methane volume fraction required to remain on below 5% when gas flowed out from exhaust end, and oxygen purity requires to remain on below 9.47%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) uses mixed adsorbent simultaneously adsorbed methane and oxygen, can guarantee the safe operation of separation process;
By the method extracting low-concentration gas of pressure-variable adsorption, its initial cost is low, and operating cost is low, flexible and convenient operation;
2) contain partial oxidation in the stripping gas, can reduce the air of sneaking into when gas product uses, improve the quality of gas product;
3) the present invention can make drawing-off gas be fully utilized, and reduces the methane gas discharging to the pollution of environment, has great economy and environment meaning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the methane explosion triangle schematic diagram after the expansion;
Fig. 2 is process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
An embodiment of the method for safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, unstripped gas flows into adsorption towers 3 by compressor 1 compression through air inlet surge tank 2 and control valve 4.Behind the methane and oxygen in the adsorbent absorption unstripped gas in the adsorption tower 3, discharging gas flows out from the exhaust end of adsorption tower, enters atmosphere behind throttling 5 of flowing through successively, control valve 4, check valve 6, exhaust surge tank 7, the flow control valve 8.After absorption finished, gas product was extracted out from adsorption tower 3 by vavuum pump 9.
The low-concentration methane gas component is as follows in the present embodiment: the methane volume fraction is 20%, and oxygen purity is 16.8%, and the nitrogen volume fraction is 64.2%.Mixed adsorbent is the mixed adsorbent of active carbon and carbon molecular sieve in the present embodiment, and carbon molecular sieve is 3.6: 1 with the ratio of quality of activated carbon.Technological parameter is as follows in the present embodiment: the highest adsorptive pressure is 320kPa (absolute pressure) after the compressed machine compression of unstripped gas, minimum parsing pressure 25 kPa (absolute pressure).Stripping gas and discharging gas constituent are as follows in the present embodiment:
Stripping gas methane volume fraction: 33.1%
Stripping gas oxygen purity: 21%
Discharging gas methane volume fraction: 2.9%
Discharging gas oxygen purity: 8.9%
Stripping gas and discharging gas all not in explosive range, have been realized the safe operation of adsorption separation process in this case study on implementation.

Claims (5)

1.一种低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集的方法,通过真空变压吸附的方法实现低浓度瓦斯气体的富集,其特征在于:所述真空变压吸附的方法采用主要吸附甲烷和主要吸附氧气的混合吸附剂,使甲烷和氧气同时被吸附;其吸附塔排气端排出的排放气中甲烷体积分数低于5%,氧气体积分数低于9.47%,实现所述低浓度瓦斯气体的安全分离,主要吸附氧气的吸附剂质量/主要吸附甲烷的吸附剂质量的范围为9∶1~1∶2。1. A method for safe adsorption and enrichment of low-concentration gas, which realizes the enrichment of low-concentration gas by means of vacuum pressure swing adsorption, characterized in that: the method of vacuum pressure swing adsorption adopts mainly adsorbing methane and mainly adsorbing oxygen The mixed adsorbent allows methane and oxygen to be adsorbed at the same time; the volume fraction of methane in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust end of the adsorption tower is lower than 5%, and the volume fraction of oxygen is lower than 9.47%, so as to realize the safe separation of the low-concentration gas , the mass of the adsorbent that mainly adsorbs oxygen/the mass of the adsorbent that mainly adsorbs methane is in the range of 9:1˜1:2. 2.根据权利要求1所述的低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集方法,其特征在于:低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集的变压吸附装置包含至少2个吸附塔。2. The method for safe adsorption and enrichment of low-concentration gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure swing adsorption device for safe adsorption and enrichment of low-concentration gas comprises at least two adsorption towers. 3.根据权利要求2所述的低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集方法,其特征在于:所述主要吸附甲烷的吸附剂为活性炭、沸石分子筛及MOF三者之一,所述主要吸附氧气的吸附剂为碳分子筛。3. The method for safe adsorption and enrichment of low-concentration gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the adsorbent that mainly adsorbs methane is one of activated carbon, zeolite molecular sieve and MOF, and the adsorbent that mainly adsorbs oxygen for carbon molecular sieves. 4.根据权利要求1所述的低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集方法,其特征在于:所述安全吸附富集方法所使用的吸附压力控制在0.1MPa~0.9MPa范围内,降压解吸压力控制在0.01MPa~0.1MPa范围内。4. The safe adsorption and enrichment method for low-concentration gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adsorption pressure used in the safe adsorption and enrichment method is controlled within the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa, and the decompression desorption pressure is controlled within 0.01MPa ~ 0.1MPa range. 5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的低浓度瓦斯安全吸附富集方法,其特征在于:所述低浓度瓦斯为甲烷体积分数为20%,氧气体积分数为16.8%,氮气体积分数为64.2%;所述混合吸附剂采用活性炭与碳分子筛,碳分子筛与活性炭质量之比为3.6∶1;吸附压力最高为320kPa,降压解吸压力最低为25kPa;最后获得如下组成成分的解吸气和排放气:5. The low-concentration gas safe adsorption and enrichment method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the low-concentration gas has a methane volume fraction of 20%, an oxygen volume fraction of 16.8%, and a nitrogen gas fraction is 64.2%; the mixed adsorbent adopts activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve, and the mass ratio of carbon molecular sieve and activated carbon is 3.6: 1; and exhaust gas: 解吸气甲烷体积分数:33.1%;Volume fraction of desorbed gas methane: 33.1%; 解吸气氧气体积分数:21%;Desorb gas oxygen volume fraction: 21%; 排放气甲烷体积分数:2.9%;Methane volume fraction of exhaust gas: 2.9%; 排放气氧气体积分数:8.9%。Exhaust gas oxygen volume fraction: 8.9%.
CN 201010034206 2010-01-13 2010-01-13 Method for safe adsorption and enrichment of gas with low concentration Expired - Fee Related CN101732947B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102389685B (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-04-09 北京科技大学 Coal mine methane gas enriching method comprising step of pumping at exhaust end of adsorption tower
CN105312026B (en) * 2014-07-09 2017-10-31 江苏瑞丰科技实业有限公司 Normal temperature methane efficient absorption material
CN105201546B (en) * 2015-09-21 2017-05-17 河南理工大学 Device and method for improving gas extraction concentration
CN106669636B (en) * 2015-11-11 2019-08-27 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of structured adsorbent and its application
CN110368803B (en) * 2019-07-22 2021-10-22 煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司 A kind of gas absorbent and its preparation method and application
CN111258192A (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-06-09 Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 Photoresist stripping device and photoresist stripping method

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EP0722764A2 (en) * 1995-01-23 1996-07-24 The Boc Group, Inc. Recovery of hydrocarbons from gas streams
CN101503335A (en) * 2009-02-17 2009-08-12 杨皓 Method for concentrating methane by gas pressure swing adsorption of low concentration methane
CN101596391A (en) * 2009-06-05 2009-12-09 安徽理工大学 A method for fractional concentration of low-concentration gas pressure swing adsorption

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CN101596391A (en) * 2009-06-05 2009-12-09 安徽理工大学 A method for fractional concentration of low-concentration gas pressure swing adsorption

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