CN216120726U - Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and mobile communication system - Google Patents
Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216120726U CN216120726U CN202122195393.4U CN202122195393U CN216120726U CN 216120726 U CN216120726 U CN 216120726U CN 202122195393 U CN202122195393 U CN 202122195393U CN 216120726 U CN216120726 U CN 216120726U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to an antennaThe technical field discloses a small-sized circular polarization Vivaldi antenna and a mobile communication system, wherein the small-sized circular polarization Vivaldi antenna comprises seven dielectric substrates and a coaxial line feed cable; four dielectric slabs are printed with Vivaldi antennas, one dielectric slab is printed with a bending part of the Vivaldi antennas, one dielectric slab is printed with a micro-strip Wilkinson feed network, and one dielectric slab coated with metal serves as a reflecting plate. The utility model solves the problem of miniaturization of the broadband circularly polarized antenna, and can be used for a base station antenna. The antenna is S within 1.24-3.38GHz11Less than-10 dB and the antenna impedance bandwidth is about 93.2%. The isolation in the frequency band reaches below-40 dB. The axial ratio of the antenna in 1.43-2.86GHz is less than 3dB, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 54%. The antenna has excellent structural characteristics, simple structure, easy processing and installation and miniaturization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of mobile communication, the requirements for lateral antennas are becoming higher and higher as various communication devices are continuously iterated. In the face of a plurality of working frequency points of the wireless communication equipment, the working efficiency of the direction-finding antenna can be ensured only if the antenna completely covers the whole working frequency band. Meanwhile, the circularly polarized antenna can receive electromagnetic waves in all polarization directions, the utilization rate of frequency spectrum can be improved, channel multipath fading can be effectively resisted, and the anti-interference capability of the system is improved. In addition, the radiation unit adopts the gradual change slot line antenna, so that the broadband and high gain characteristics of the direction finding antenna can be ensured. For a mobile direction-finding system, the smaller the direction-finding antenna is, of course, the better it is to ensure its radiation performance, however miniaturization of the antenna size comes at the expense of loss of gain. For a phased array of direction-finding antennas, the size of the element antenna has a direct effect on the overall volume of the antenna array. Therefore, miniaturization has also great research value for direction-finding systems.
The prior art is as follows:
although the circularly polarized antenna designed by the patent "wide-band circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna with open boundary" (CN 109193128A) meets the requirement of wide-band base station antenna bandwidth capable of covering 1-3.25GHz and the gain can reach 10dB at most, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is large, and the size of only the reflecting plate is 350mm x 6 mm.
The documents "Nguyen TK, Tran HH, Nguyen-Trongg N.A broadband Polarized Dipole Antenna [ J ]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless amplification letters.2017,16: 3135-.
The patent "a circular polarization antenna of miniaturized multiband common caliber circular polarization antenna" (CN110380193A) designs a circular polarization antenna, which has a circular polarization characteristic of multiband, but has a very complicated design and a high profile.
Document "" inputs signals through a feed network and a coaxial antenna using four dipoles. In order to increase the gain of the antenna, the narrow rectangular microstrip line is connected at the edge, so that the radiation area is increased, the frequency is finally realized to be 1GHz-1.7GHz, and the peak gain reaches 4.95 dB. But increasing the antenna gain also increases the size of the antenna.
Therefore, it is a difficult task to satisfy miniaturization while realizing circular polarization, broadband and simple design.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: in the prior art, the requirements of miniaturization degree of a broadband circularly polarized antenna can not be met while circular polarization, broadband and simple design are realized, so that the application of the broadband circularly polarized antenna in an integrated wireless communication system, a large-scale measuring system and an accurate navigation positioning system is greatly limited, the bulky antenna is eliminated, the miniaturization of the antenna is a development trend, and the miniaturization technology of the antenna is more and more concerned.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the circularly polarized antenna has the advantage that the received signal has a stable strength regardless of whether the antenna is in a moving state or a stationary state, which is very useful for mobile satellite communication in which it is difficult to maintain a constant fixed antenna direction.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the range of circular polarization is gradually expanded from military use to civil use, and the circular polarization can be used for navigation, positioning and measurement, and can also be used for obtaining accurate time data, meteorological data and the like. Along with the rapid development and iterative update of large-scale antenna arrays, the requirement on the communication speed is higher and higher, the requirements on circular polarization, broadband and broadband are met, the requirements on the portability and maneuverability of equipment are met, the convenience of a system formed by the antenna is greatly improved by realizing smaller antenna size while the performance of the antenna is considered, and the application and research value is higher.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and a mobile communication system.
The utility model is realized in such a way that the small-sized circular polarization Vivaldi antenna is provided with seven dielectric substrates and a coaxial line feed cable;
the antenna comprises four dielectric plates, a dielectric plate and a reflecting plate, wherein the four dielectric plates are printed with Vivaldi antennas, one dielectric plate is printed with a bending part of the Vivaldi antennas, one dielectric plate is printed with a micro-strip Wilkinson feed network, and the other dielectric plate coated with metal serves as the reflecting plate.
Furthermore, the two pairs of dielectric plates printed with Vivaldi antennas are placed in an orthogonal 90-degree mode, metal sheets are carved on the outer surfaces of the dielectric plates, microstrip balun feed is carved on the inner surfaces of the dielectric plates, and the four antennas are identical in shape.
Furthermore, the four Vivaldi antenna elements enclose a rectangle, wherein one pair of antennas is rotationally symmetrical according to the center, the other pair of antennas is also rotationally symmetrical according to the center, and the two pairs of antenna elements are mutually orthogonal in space.
Further, the four Vivaldi antennas have the same structure, one pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, the other pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, and the electromagnetic waves generated by the two pairs of antennas have the phase difference of 90 °.
Furthermore, the bending part of the Vivaldi antenna is a metal radiation patch etched on the outer side of the dielectric plate and bent by 90 degrees towards the inside of the cube to realize miniaturization, and is positioned at the top of the feeder line, wherein the difference between the bending part of one pair of units and the bending part of the other pair of units is 1 mm.
Furthermore, fan-shaped notches are respectively formed in two sides of the bottom of each unit.
Furthermore, a metal floor is etched on the upper surface of a dielectric plate at the bottom of the Vivaldi antenna, a feed network is etched on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, and the Vivaldi antenna is connected with an antenna microstrip feed line through four metal columns.
Furthermore, a metal reflecting plate is connected below the feed network dielectric plate, the feed network dielectric plate is connected with the transmitting plate through a round hole formed in the feed network dielectric plate, and a metal copper wire is used for connection.
Furthermore, the feed network is connected with two secondary Wilkinson power dividers through a T-shaped power divider to form the power divider.
Furthermore, the feed network comprises an input end and four output ends, and the phases of the four output ends are sequentially different by 90 degrees.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a mobile communication system mounted with the small-sized circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna.
By combining all the technical schemes, the utility model has the advantages and positive effects that: the Vivaldi antenna with strong directivity and radiation efficiency is adopted as the antenna unit, the rectangular aperture is formed by rotating the 4 units through the center, and the larger antenna aperture can better improve the directivity of the antenna, so that the Vivaldi antenna has important value for a measuring system and a navigation positioning system. Secondly, the array formed by the method has better isolation and smaller mutual coupling. The common directional Vivaldi array antenna has a high antenna section, which causes the problem that the large-scale array antenna formed by the common directional Vivaldi array antenna has a large size, so that the utility model adopts a common folding technology to compress the Vivaldi units in the vertical direction, the difficulty of the utility model lies in the grasp of the balance point between the antenna size and the radiation performance, the miniaturization of the size can be realized while the good radiation performance is kept through a large number of research and simulation experiments, the method for reducing the antenna size by folding the Vivaldi units is simple and practical, the array form formed by the Vivaldi units is also convenient, and a new thought is provided for realizing the miniaturization.
The utility model solves the problem of miniaturization of the broadband circularly polarized antenna, and can be used for a base station antenna. The antenna is S within 1.24-3.38GHz11Less than-10 dB and the antenna impedance bandwidth is about 93.2%. The isolation in the frequency band reaches below-40 dB. The axial ratio of the antenna in 1.43-2.86GHz is less than 3dB, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 54%. The antenna has the advantages of excellent structural characteristics, simple structure and easy processing and installation. The overall size of the antenna is only 0.47 lambda0×0.47λ0×0.25λ0And miniaturization is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized TVA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a miniaturized circularly polarized Vivaldi according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a Vivaldi antenna unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Vivaldi antenna unit 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a front structure diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention (R1 is a radius of a circular opening at the beginning of a slot line).
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a gain pattern of 1.7GHz provided by an embodiment of the utility model; (a) an XOZ plane; (b) YOZ plane.
FIG. 9 is a schematic 2.2GHz gain pattern provided by an embodiment of the utility model; (a) an XOZ plane; (b) YOZ plane.
FIG. 10 is a schematic 2.7GHz gain pattern provided by an embodiment of the utility model; (a) an XOZ plane; (b) YOZ plane.
In the figure: 1. a first antenna; 2. a second antenna; 3. a third antenna; 4. a fourth antenna; 5. a reflective plate; 6. a first antenna element; 7. a second antenna element; 8. a first output port; 9. a second output port; 10. a third output port; 11. a fourth output port; 12. an input port; 13. a ground plate; 14. a bending part; 15. and a feed network.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a small-sized circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and a mobile communication system, and the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Those skilled in the art of the present invention can also implement the small-sized circular polarization Vivaldi antenna by using other steps, and the small-sized circular polarization Vivaldi antenna provided by the present invention of fig. 1 is only one specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a small circular polarization Vivaldi antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention is provided with seven dielectric substrates, wherein four dielectric plates are printed with Vivaldi antennas, one dielectric plate is printed with a bent portion of the Vivaldi antenna, one dielectric plate is printed with a microstrip Wilkinson feed network, and one dielectric plate coated with metal serves as a reflector plate; a coaxial line feed cable.
Two pairs of dielectric substrates printed with Vivaldi antennas are placed in an orthogonal 90-degree mode, metal sheets are engraved on the outer surfaces of the dielectric substrates, micro-strip balun feed is engraved on the inner surfaces of the dielectric substrates, and the four antennas are identical in shape.
The four Vivaldi antenna units enclose a rectangle, one pair of antennas is rotationally symmetrical according to the center, the other pair of antennas is also rotationally symmetrical according to the center, and the two pairs of antenna units are mutually orthogonal in space.
The four antenna units have the same structure, wherein one pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, the other pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves generated by the two pairs of antennas is 90 degrees.
The bending part of the Vivaldi antenna is a metal radiation patch etched on the outer side of the dielectric plate and bent towards the inside of the cube by 90 degrees to achieve miniaturization, the Vivaldi antenna is positioned at the top of the feeder line, and in order to prevent two adjacent units from being crossed after being bent, the difference between the bending part of one pair of units and the bending part of the other pair of units is 1 mm.
Two sides of the bottom of each unit are respectively provided with a sector notch, the upper surface of a dielectric plate at the bottom of each antenna unit is etched with a metal floor, and the lower surface of the dielectric plate is etched with a feed network and is connected with an antenna microstrip feeder line through four metal columns.
And a metal reflecting plate is connected below the feed network dielectric plate, and is connected with the transmitting plate through a round hole formed in the feed network dielectric plate, and the feed network dielectric plate is connected with the transmitting plate through a metal copper wire.
The feed network is formed by connecting two secondary Wilkinson power dividers through a T-shaped power divider and comprises an input end and four output ends, and the phase difference of the four output ends is 90 degrees in sequence.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, four TVAs are surrounded into a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the radiation directions of the first antenna 1 and the third antenna 3 are in the same direction, so as to form a first antenna unit 6; the radiation directions of the second antenna 2 and the fourth antenna 4 are in the same direction, and a second antenna unit 7 is formed. The first antenna element 6 and the second antenna element 7 are spatially perpendicular to each other. The circularly polarized antenna design is completed by feeding currents with the same amplitude but different by 90 degrees to the two sets of TVA units respectively, so that the signals radiated by the first antenna unit 6 and the second antenna unit 7 are different by 90 degrees. In order to enhance the forward gain of the antenna, reduce the back lobe and improve the directivity, the utility model adds a reflecting plate with the same size as the planar structure of the antenna at the bottom of the antenna.
As shown in the bending structure of fig. 2, the metal patch is bent inward, and in order to make the antenna profile possibly low, the bent portion 14 is located at the top of the feeder line and is 19mm away from the bottom of the antenna, and in order to prevent two adjacent TVAs from crossing after bending, the bent portion 14 of the first antenna element 6 is moved upward by 1mm, so that the two elements are spatially staggered, and the miniaturization design is completed.
The antenna foundation structure is a cuboid surrounded by four TVA four sides, so that four TVA units need to be fed respectively. The metal microstrip feeder line network is etched on the front surface of the dielectric plate and is provided with a first output port 8, a second output port 9, a third output port 10 and a fourth output port 11. Because in the TVA unit of constitution antenna, two relative TVA unit phase place, the amplitude is the same completely, for the miniaturized design of antenna, divides the ware to connect two second grade Wilkinson merit through a T shape merit. The impedance of a general feeder line is 50 omega, two branches are connected in parallel through a T-shaped power divider, and in order to match the impedance, the impedance of the branches of the T-shaped power divider is 100 omega. Because the current flows into two branches with opposite directions from the T-shaped power divider respectively, a phase difference of 180 degrees is generated, in order to ensure that the current phases of the input ports 12 of the two power dividers are the same, the branch of the first power divider is prolonged by 1/2 medium wavelengths, namely 38.8 mm. After the input end impedance is 50 ohms after the T-shaped power divider branch, an impedance matching section of 1/4 wavelengths is loaded between the T-shaped power divider branch and the input end of the Wilkinson power divider, and the impedance is 50 √ 2. In order to ensure that the signals output by the first output port 8, the second output port 9, the third output port 10 and the fourth output port 11 generate a phase difference of 90 °, the interval from the first output port 8 to the resistor R2 is 1/4 medium wavelengths longer than the interval from the third output port 10 to the fourth output port 11 to the resistor R2, that is, 19.5 mm.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view of the whole antenna, four TVA units are enclosed into a rectangular parallelepiped, a first antenna 1 and a third antenna 3 are paired and rotationally symmetrical about the center, a second antenna 2 and a second antenna 4 are paired and rotationally symmetrical about the center, and two pairs of antenna units are spatially orthogonal to each other. The 4 antennas have the same structure, the first antenna 1 and the third antenna 3 generate electromagnetic waves with the same phase, and the second antenna 2 and the fourth antenna 4 generate electromagnetic waves with the same phase, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves generated by the first antenna 1 and the third antenna 3 is 90.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the first antenna element 6, and as can be seen from the diagram, a metal radiation patch is etched on the outer side of the dielectric plate, the first antenna element 6 is bent 90 degrees towards the inside of the cube on the basis of TVA, and in order to improve the radiation performance of the antenna, fan-shaped notches with a radius of R2 are respectively formed on two sides of the bottom of the array. And etching metal microstrip feed lines on the inner side of the dielectric plate to feed the unit structure.
Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the second antenna element 7, and the second antenna element 7 is similar to the first antenna element 6, and in order to prevent the antenna elements from overlapping during bending, the bent parts of the third and fourth antenna elements are moved downward by 1mm (G2) and are separated by a dielectric plate, H1 is the height of the second antenna element 7, and G1 is the thickness of the dielectric plate of the feeding network 15.
Fig. 6 is a single antenna view, and it can be seen that the TVA antenna is a curved line of a slot line with an elliptic curve having a major axis 2a and a minor axis 2 b. The antenna element is bent at the same height as the top of the microstrip feed line, and the distance between the bent portion 14 of the top and the ground plate 13 is 20 mm. And a metal floor is etched on a dielectric plate at the bottom of the antenna unit, a feed network 15 is etched below the dielectric plate, and the feed network is connected with an antenna microstrip feed line through 4 metal columns. At a distance of 14mm (h) from the feed line, there is a reflector plate 5 for enhancing the antenna gain. The reflector width and antenna aperture width are W1 and W2, respectively.
In the utility model, four Vivaldi antenna units enclose a rectangle, one pair of antennas is rotationally symmetrical according to the center, the other pair of antennas is also rotationally symmetrical according to the center, and two pairs of antenna units are mutually orthogonal in space. The four antenna units have the same structure, wherein one pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, the other pair of antennas generates electromagnetic waves with the same phase, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves generated by the two pairs of antennas is 90 degrees. The metal radiation patch etched on the outer side of the dielectric slab is bent by 90 degrees towards the interior of the cube to achieve miniaturization, the bent part is located at the top of the feeder line, and in order to prevent two adjacent units from crossing after being bent, the difference between the bent part of one pair of units and the bent part of the other pair of units is 1 mm. Fan-shaped notches are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of each unit. The feed network is formed by connecting two secondary Wilkinson power dividers through a T-shaped power divider and comprises an input end and four output ends, and the phase difference of the four output ends is 90 degrees in sequence. The 6 points ensure that the antenna realizes circular polarization and miniaturization and keeps better radiation characteristics.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the tests below.
The utility model adopts the optimized and analyzed size to manufacture and test an antenna object, and utilizes the coaxial line to connect the feed network to feed the antenna; fixing the reflecting plate at a position 14mm below the dielectric plate by using an insulating column, wherein the size of the finally manufactured antenna is 65mm x 35 mm; using a vector net machine and microwaves. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a gain pattern of 1.7GHz provided by an embodiment of the utility model; FIG. 9 is a schematic 2.2GHz gain pattern provided by an embodiment of the utility model; fig. 10 is a 2.7GHz schematic diagram of a gain pattern provided by an embodiment of the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
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| CN202122195393.4U CN216120726U (en) | 2021-09-11 | 2021-09-11 | Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and mobile communication system |
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| CN202122195393.4U CN216120726U (en) | 2021-09-11 | 2021-09-11 | Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna and mobile communication system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113937473A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2022-01-14 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna, control method and mobile communication system |
| CN115995682A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-21 | 江南大学 | Novel Vivaldi antenna |
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2021
- 2021-09-11 CN CN202122195393.4U patent/CN216120726U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113937473A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2022-01-14 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna, control method and mobile communication system |
| CN113937473B (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2024-03-29 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Small circularly polarized Vivaldi antenna, control method and mobile communication system |
| CN115995682A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-21 | 江南大学 | Novel Vivaldi antenna |
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