CN213156021U - 一种用于进入患者的脉管系统的超声系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文公开了一种用于进入患者的脉管系统的超声系统,该超声系统包括:超声探头;套管;一个或多个处理器;显示器,该显示器通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器,用于描绘患者的皮下部分的超声图像;非暂时性存储装置,该非暂时性存储装置通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器并且具有存储在其上的逻辑。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械领域,更具体地涉及一种用于进入患者的脉管系统的超声系统。
背景技术
施用基于脉管的疗法的常见挑战是找到足够的脉管通路 (vascular access)用于施用疗法。需要在试图进入脉管前无创地识别适于施用疗法的血管的能力。满足此类需求通过最小化在脉管通路处的失败尝试和提供基于脉管的疗法的最佳施用而提供更好的患者结果。
本文公开了至少解决前述需求的自动脉管检测工具和方法。
实用新型内容
简而言之,本文公开的实施方案涉及用于脉管通路的增强的超声成像设备及其方法。特别地,增强超声图像提供了与套管跟踪结合使用的自动脉管检测系统。
本文公开了一种用于进入患者的脉管系统的超声系统,包括超声探头、套管、一个或多个处理器、通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器的显示器和通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器的非暂时性存储装置。显示器被用于描绘患者的皮下部分的超声图像。非暂时性存储装置具有存储在其上的逻辑,该逻辑当由一个或多个处理器执行时引起执行包括如下的操作:描绘超声图像的增强图像,包括围绕目标脉管的第一图标;接收包括套管的尺寸的更新信息;和根据更新信息在增强图像上描绘处于更新状态的第一图标。
在一些实施方案中,套管的尺寸包括纵向长度或直径中的至少一个。套管的尺寸由用户提供或由超声系统获取。处于更新状态的第一图标包括第一颜色、第一图案、第一间歇特征(intermittent feature) 或第一字母数字符号中的至少一个以指示更新状态。接收更新信息还包括测量目标脉管的直径和接收期望的脉管占用(occupancy)范围,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示目标脉管的百分比脉管占用在期望的脉管占用范围内。接收更新信息还包括套管的插入角度和期望的脉管置入(purchase)范围,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示脉管置入长度在期望的脉管置入范围内。套管的插入角度是预定的。使用针引导件(needle guide)或永磁体和磁性传感器阵列中的至少一个,通过系统测量套管的插入角度。
在一些实施方案中,接收更新信息还包括测量多普勒信息或搏动 (pulsatile)信息中的至少一个。处于更新状态的第一图标还包括确定目标脉管的流速。处于更新状态的第一图标还包括确定目标脉管的静脉或动脉流动。接收更新信息还包括测量目标脉管的圆度变化,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示目标脉管的圆度偏差。超声图像的增强图像还包括指示套管通过患者的皮下部分的预测轨迹的指引(guideline)。指引包括第一颜色或第一图案中的至少一个以指示套管的预测轨迹何时与目标脉管相交以及第二颜色或第二图案中的至少一个以指示套管的预测轨迹何时不与目标脉管相交。
在一些实施方案中,超声系统还包括围绕障碍物(obstruction) 的第二图标,该障碍物邻近套管的轨迹在套管和目标脉管之间布置。障碍物包括神经束或动脉血管中的至少一个。第二图标包括第二颜色、第二图案、第二间歇特征或第二字母数字符号中的至少一个。超声图像的增强图像还包括指示套管的尖端接近目标脉管的后壁的警示。
本文还公开了一种使用超声成像进入脉管的方法,包括:提供超声系统;描绘超声图像的增强图像,包括围绕目标脉管的第一图标;接收包括套管的尺寸的更新信息;和根据更新信息在增强图像上描绘处于更新状态的第一图标。超声系统包括超声探头、套管、一个或多个处理器、通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器的显示器和通信地耦合至一个或多个处理器的非暂时性存储装置。显示器被配置用于描绘患者的皮下部分的超声图像或增强超声图像。
在一些实施方案中,套管的尺寸包括纵向长度或直径中的至少一个。处于更新状态的第一图标包括第一颜色、第一图案、第一间歇特征或第一字母数字符号中的至少一个以指示更新状态。接收更新信息还包括测量目标脉管的直径和接收期望的脉管占用范围,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示目标脉管的百分比脉管占用在期望的脉管占用范围内。接收更新信息还包括套管的插入角度和期望的脉管置入范围,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示脉管置入长度在期望的脉管置入范围内。使用针引导件或永磁体和磁性传感器阵列中的至少一个,通过系统测量套管的插入角度。
在一些实施方案中,接收更新信息还包括测量目标脉管的圆度变化,其中处于更新状态的第一图标还包括指示目标脉管的圆度偏差。超声图像的增强图像还包括指示套管通过患者的皮下部分的预测轨迹的指引。指引包括第一颜色或第一图案中的至少一个以指示套管的预测轨迹何时与目标脉管相交以及第二颜色或第二图案中的至少一个以指示套管的预测轨迹何时不与目标脉管相交。
在一些实施方案中,使用超声成像进入脉管的方法还包括围绕障碍物的第二图标,该障碍物邻近套管的轨迹在套管和目标脉管之间布置。障碍物包括神经束或动脉血管中的至少一个。第二图标包括第二颜色、第二图案、第二间歇特征或第二字母数字符号中的至少一个。超声图像的增强图像还包括指示套管的尖端接近目标脉管的后壁的警示。
鉴于更详细地公开这种概念的特定实施方案的附图和以下描述,本文提供的概念的这些和其他特征对本领域技术人员将变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的实例超声系统。
图1B示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的实例超声探头。
图1C示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的耦合至超声系统的超声探头的框图。
图2A示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括医疗装置占用的血管造像(iconography)的增强超声图像。
图2B示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的还包括医疗装置造像的图2A的增强超声图像。
图3A示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括置入长度的血管造像的增强超声图像。
图3B示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的布置在图3A中参考的脉管内的套管的截面视图。
图4A示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括第一插入角度的血管造像的增强超声图像。
图4B示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括第二插入角度的血管造像的增强超声图像。
图5A示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括脉管流动特性的血管造像的增强超声图像。
图5B示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括用于静脉-动脉区分的血管造像的增强超声图像。
图6示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括血管的圆度的脉管造像的增强超声图像。
图7示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括至目标血管的预测轨迹的指引的增强超声图像。
图8示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括在进入血管时的血管和医疗装置造像的增强超声图像。
图9示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括预测的手术失误(比如接近后壁(backwalling))的血管和医疗装置造像的增强超声图像。
图10示出了根据本文公开的实施方案的包括在医疗装置和目标脉管之间的潜在的障碍物的造像的增强超声图像。
具体实施方式
在更详细公开一些特定实施方案前,应当理解本文公开的特定实施方案并不限制本文提供的概念的范围。还应当理解,本文公开的特定实施方案可以具有容易从特定实施方案分离的特征,并且任选地与本文公开的许多其他实施方案中的任何一个的特征组合或替代。
关于本文中使用的术语,还应当理解,术语是出于描述一些特定实施方案的目的,并且术语并不限制本文提供的概念的范围。序数(例如,第一、第二、第三等)通常用于区分或识别一组特征或步骤中的不同特征或步骤,并且不提供序列或数字限制。例如,“第一”、“第二”和“第三”特征或步骤并不一定需要以顺序出现,并且包括此类特征或步骤的特定实施方案并不一定需要限于这三个特征或步骤。标签比如“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”等为了方便而使用,并且并不旨在暗示例如任何特定的固定位置、定向或方向。相反,此类标签用于反映例如相对位置、定向或方向。单数形式的“一种”、“一个”和“该”包括复数引用,除非上下文另有明确指示。
例如,关于本文公开的导管的“近侧”、“近侧部分”或“近端部分”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近临床医生的导管部分。同样地,例如,导管的“近侧长度”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近临床医生的导管长度。例如,导管的“近端”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近临床医生的导管的一端。导管的近侧部分、近端部分或近侧长度可以包括导管的近端;然而,导管的近侧部分、近端部分或近侧长度无需包括导管的近端。也就是说,除非上下文另有说明,否则导管的近侧部分、近端部分或近侧长度不是导管的末端部分或末端长度。
例如,关于本文公开的导管的“远侧”、“远侧部分”或“远端部分”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近患者或在患者中的导管部分。同样地,例如,导管的“远侧长度”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近患者或在患者中的导管长度。例如,导管的“远端”包括当导管被用在患者上时预期靠近患者或在患者中的导管的一端。导管的远侧部分、远端部分或远侧长度可以包括导管的远端;然而,导管的远侧部分、远端部分或远侧长度无需包括导管的远端。也就是说,除非上下文另有说明,否则导管的远侧部分、远端部分或远侧长度不是导管的末端部分或末端长度。
如图1A中所示,并且为了有助于描述本文描述的实施方案的部件,超声探头被描述为被垂直地保持,而声表面(acoustic surface) 针对水平表面(例如,患者的皮肤表面)被保持。纵向轴线垂直于声表面延伸。声表面由侧向轴线和横向轴线限定,其中侧向轴线正交于纵向轴线延伸,并且横向轴线正交于侧向轴线和纵向轴线二者延伸。如本文所使用,术语“套管”是指细长的医疗装置或医疗装置组件,其可以被皮下插入以进入患者的脉管系统。实例套管可以包括但不限于针、导管、管心针、导丝、套管针、其组合等。如本文所使用,“脉管”是指患者的脉管系统的给定部分。虽然本文参考血管描述了实施方案,但是应当了解,本实用新型的方面可以适用于各种其他脉管系统、体腔等。
如本文所使用,术语“逻辑”和“部件”代表被配置为执行一个或多个功能的硬件、固件和/或软件。作为硬件,逻辑(或部件)可以包括具有数据处理或存储功能的电路。此类处理或存储电路的实施例可以包括但不限于或局限于下列:处理器;一个或多个处理器核心;可编程门阵列;I/O控制器(例如,网络接口控制器、磁盘控制器、存储器控制器等);专用集成电路;接收器、发射器和/或收发器电路;半导体存储器;组合逻辑或一个或多个上述部件的组合。
逻辑(或部件)可以是一个或多个软件模块的形式,比如以下形式的可执行代码:操作系统部件、可执行应用、固件、应用编程接口 (API)、一个或多个子例程、函数、程序(procedure)、小应用程序(applet)、插件程序(plug-in)、小服务程序(servlet)、组件对象模型(Component Object Model,COM)对象、例程、源代码、目标代码、共享库/动态链接库、脚本或一个或多个指令。这些软件模块可以被存储在任何类型的合适的非暂时性存储介质或暂时性存储介质(例如,电、光、声或其他形式的传播信号,比如载波、红外信号或数字信号)中。“非暂时性存储介质”的实施例可以包括但不限于或局限于可编程电路;非持久性存储器比如易失性存储器(例如,任何类型的随机存取存储器“RAM”);持久性存储器比如非易失性存储器(例如,只读存储器“ROM”、后备电源(power-backed)RAM、快闪存储器、相变存储器等)、固态驱动器、硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器或便携式存储器装置;和/或半导体存储器。作为固件,可执行代码被存储在持久性存储器中。
“计算系统”通常是指以数据处理和/或网络连接功能为特征的物理电子装置或虚拟电子装置,该虚拟电子装置是使物理电子装置的至少一部分功能虚拟化的软件。计算系统的实施例可以包括但不限于或局限于作为如下操作的任何物理或虚拟资源:服务器、网络装置(例如,移动电话、台式或膝上型计算机、可穿戴装置、机顶盒、平板、上网本、服务器、装置安装的移动软件、管理控制台等)、网络适配器或中间通信装置(例如,路由器、防火墙等)、云服务等。网络装置的附加实施例可以包括但不限于或局限于下列:服务器;路由器或其他信号传播联网设备(例如,无线或有线接入点);机顶盒;视频游戏控制台;或端点(例如,包括台式计算机、膝上型计算机、电子阅读器、上网本或平板的固定或便携式计算机;智能手机;或可穿戴技术,比如健身腕带或其他基于传感器的部件,包括配置用于在物联网(IoT)环境内参与的任何传感器)。
除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
如上,需要无创地识别适于施用疗法的血管的能力。满足此类需求通过最小化在脉管通路处的失败尝试和提供基于脉管的疗法的最佳施用而提供更好的患者结果。
本文公开了至少解决前述需求的自动脉管检测工具和方法。实际上,如下所述,超声成像结合图像处理为临床医生提供了有价值的信息,用于提供基于脉管的疗法的施用。
图1A-1C展示了超声成像系统10的实例实施方案,超声成像系统10通常包括超声探头12和控制台20,控制台20包括用于描绘由超声探头12产生的图像的显示器30。将了解控制台20可以采用多种形式中的一种。处理器21连同非易失性存储器22(例如,EEPROM) 被包括在控制台20中,用于在系统10操作期间控制系统功能,因而充当控制处理器。数字控制器/模拟接口24也被包括在控制台20中并且与处理器21和其他系统部件二者通信,以管理超声探头12、换能器90、可选的磁性传感器和其他系统部件之间的接口连接。
系统10可以还包括多个端口51用于与可选的部件53连接,可选的部件53包括打印机、存储介质、键盘等。在一个实施方案中,端口是USB端口,但是其他端口类型或端口类型的组合可以被用于这种和其他接口连接。在某些实施方案中,可以经由网络上的无线连接实现端口51。电力连接56与控制台20一起被包括,以使得能够可操作地连接至外部电源58。在使用外部电源或不使用外部电源的情况下,还可以采用内部电源61(例如,电池)。电力管理电路59与控制台的数字控制器/模拟接口24一起被包括,以调节电力使用和分配。
显示器30可以是单个独立显示器或集成入控制台20的集成显示器,用于向临床医生显示信息。(参见图2A、2B、3A等)。如下所述,由显示器30描绘的内容可以根据不同的超声图像增强改变。在某些实施方案中,控制台按钮接口33和在超声探头12上包括的按钮可以被用于在超声图像增强的情况下立即调用期望的模式至显示器 30,以帮助临床医生进行手术。
本领域技术人员将了解,本实用新型的实施方案可以在具有一种或多种类型的计算机系统配置的计算环境中被实践,包括个人计算机、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、消息处理器、手持式装置、多处理器系统、基于微处理器的电子产品或可编程消费型电子产品、网络 PC、小型计算机、大型计算机、移动电话、PDA、寻呼机等。实施方案也可以在分布式系统环境中被实践,其中通过网络链接(通过硬接线数据链路、无线数据链路或通过硬接线和无线数据链路的组合)的本地和远程计算机系统均执行任务。在分布式系统环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储装置二者中。
在实施方案中,超声探头12经由线缆31被可操作地连接至控制台20,但是在实施方案中,超声探头12可以被无线连接至控制台。超声探头12包括由侧向长度32A和横向宽度32B限定的头部部分 (“探头头部”或“头部”)32。探头头部32包括沿着探头头部侧向长度32A的至少一部分延伸的声表面34,布置在探头头部32内的换能器90从声表面34发射超声脉冲,以便穿透患者的皮下部分并且对其成像。注意,超声探头12、探头头部32、换能器90和声表面34 的尺寸、形状和配置可以与本文描述的不同,同时仍然在本公开文本的原理内。还应当注意,图1A-1C展示了实例超声成像系统;包括其他部件的其他系统也可以受益于本文描述的原理。
图1C还展示了超声探头12可以还包括用于管理按钮和探头操作的按钮与存储器控制器41。在某些实施方案中,按钮与存储器控制器 41可以包括非易失性存储器,比如EEPROM。按钮与存储器控制器 41和控制台20的探头接口44可操作的通信,探头接口44通常包括用于与探头压电阵列接口连接的压电输入/输出部件44A和用于和按钮与存储器控制器41接口连接的按钮与存储器输入/输出部件44B。
在实施方案中,如图2A-2B中所示,显示器30描绘增强的超声图像,包括成像的患者的皮下部分和一个或多个图标,每个图标围绕目标区域,例如目标脉管50。系统10自主地确定图像内的目标结构,并且相应地定位图标。图标可以识别图像内潜在的目标脉管,并且将这些脉管与周围的结构清楚地区分开,以使它们容易且快速地可识别。图标包括一种或多种颜色、图案、间歇(“闪光”或“闪烁”) 特征、字母数字符号、其组合等,以进一步将目标脉管50与周围的成像结构区分开来。图标还包括更新状态,其包括一种或多种颜色、图案、间歇特征、字母数字符号、其组合等的变化,这些变化向临床医生指示关于与图标相关联的目标脉管的信息。增强图像还可以显示表示例如套管40或其尖端42、指引、套管的轨迹范围和潜在的障碍物的附加图标。
在实施方案中,增强图像还可以显示附加信息,例如套管尺寸60、套管相对于超声探头12的插入角度64等。在实施方案中,由临床医生将套管尺寸输入系统10。在实施方案中,系统10从RFID芯片、磁性传感器阵列等接收或获得套管尺寸。例如,套管可以包括识别标记、RFID芯片、条形码、QR码、其组合等,它们包括关于正在使用的套管的尺寸、直径、长度等的信息。系统10借助于这些识别标记等说明正在使用的套管的尺寸,而与来自临床医生的任何输入无关。
在实施方案中,由临床医生将套管的插入角度输入系统10。在实施方案中,系统10能够通过检测耦合至超声探头12的成角度的针引导件内套管的存在而确定插入角度。在实施方案中,套管包括永磁体、电磁体、光学标记或声学标记等中的至少一个,其由磁性传感器阵列检测并且可以确定套管在三维空间中的位置和取向。增强超声成像和相关联特征的进一步细节可以在例如2017年7月14日提交的U.S. 2018/0015256和2012年10月19日提交的U.S.9,949,720中找到,每个的全部内容通过引用并入本申请。
在实施方案中,如图2A-2B中所示,在显示器30上描绘的增强图像指示突出显示(highlight)目标脉管50的第一图标250A。应当注意,系统10自主地识别图像内的一个或多个目标脉管,并且围绕一个或多个目标脉管定位一个或多个图标。系统10可以测量目标脉管的直径,并且连同与正在使用的套管的套管尺寸60相关的信息一起,确定目标脉管的百分比脉管占用。例如,如所示的,第一图标250A 突出显示第一目标脉管50A,并且确定18号套管的脉管占用为30%。第二图标250B突出显示第二目标脉管50B,并且确定18号套管的脉管占用为50%。
在实施方案中,系统10可以接收关于期望的脉管占用范围62的进一步的信息,例如40%。在实施方案中,由临床医生输入期望的脉管占用范围。在实施方案中,从患者特异性数据获得期望的脉管占用范围。例如,基于正在执行的手术,患者的年龄、重量、性别,其组合等。系统10然后提供处于更新状态的图标250A和250B,以指示目标脉管是否在期望的范围内。例如,第一图标250A提供第一颜色、图案和标签,而在期望的范围外的第二图标250B提供第二颜色、图案和标签。图2B展示了目标脉管(其中套管40布置在每个脉管中) 以示出百分比脉管占用。
在实施方案中,如图3A中所示,在显示器30上描绘的增强图像指示突出显示第一目标脉管50A的第一图标350A。系统10可以测量目标脉管相对于皮肤表面的深度,并且连同与正在使用的套管的套管尺寸60和插入角度64相关的信息一起,确定目标脉管的脉管置入长度。例如,如图所示,第一图标350A突出显示第一目标脉管50A,并且确定脉管置入长度为4cm。第二图标350B突出显示第二目标脉管50B,并且确定2cm的脉管置入长度。
在实施方案中,系统10接收关于期望的脉管置入长度66的进一步的信息,例如3cm。在实施方案中,由临床医生输入期望的脉管置入长度。在实施方案中,从患者特异性数据获得期望的脉管置入长度。例如,基于正在执行的手术,患者的年龄、重量、性别,其组合等。系统10然后提供处于更新状态的图标350A和350B,以指示目标脉管是否在期望的范围内,如本文所描述。图3B示出了目标脉管50A 和50B(套管40A和40B分别布置在其中)以示出脉管置入长度如何随着目标脉管的深度变化。应当注意,本文描述的实施方案可以被组合,使得用户可以输入期望的脉管占用范围和期望的脉管置入范围二者,并且可以提供处于更新状态的图标,以指示满足这些要求中的一个或两个。此外,将了解本文描述的附加实施方案也可以以类似的方式组合,而不脱离本实用新型的精神。
在实施方案中,插入角度的变化可以进一步影响哪些脉管在范围内。如图4A中所示,以40°的角度提供针。系统10可以借助于针引导件、永磁体和磁性传感器阵列、标记等确定此角度,如本文所公开的。控制台然后提供增强图像,以指示哪些成像的脉管在期望的脉管置入范围内。如图所示,第一图标450A和第二图标450B突出显示脉管,并且指示它们在期望的脉管置入范围内,如本文所描述的。第三图标450C突出显示第三脉管,并且指示虽然它可能被进入,但是将只允许2cm脉管置入长度,这在期望的范围外并且因此这样指示。
图4B展示了套管以比图4A所示的更浅的角度(例如,10°)被插入,这限制了套管可进入的深度。因此,由第一图标450A突出显示的第一脉管仍然是可进入的,并且仍然在期望的脉管置入范围内,尽管具有较小的绝对脉管置入长度。由第二图标450B突出显示的第二脉管目前在期望的脉管置入范围外,并且因此这样指示。由图标 450C突出显示的第三脉管现在太深而根本无法进入,并且在屏幕上也这样指示。
在实施方案中,如图5A-5B中所示,系统10确定被成像的目标脉管的流动特性,并且提供处于更新状态的图标以向临床医生指示这些特征。例如,系统10包括多普勒测量、搏动测量、其组合等,以确定脉管是否具有用于手术的足够流动。如图5A中所示,第一图标550A使用第一颜色、图案、标签或其组合指示第一目标脉管具有足够的流动(“良好的流动”)。第二图标550B使用第二颜色、图案、标签或其组合指示第二脉管具有“不良的流动”。类似地,第三图标 550C使用第三颜色、图案、标签或其组合将第三脉管指示为“无流动”。此外,如图5B中所示,通过流动通过脉管的流体的多普勒测量、脉管的搏动移动的存在与否或其组合,系统10可以确定目标脉管是静脉还是动脉。因此,图标可以包括颜色、图案、标签或其组合以这样指示。
在实施方案中,系统10向临床医生提供涉及探头的定位的反馈。例如,系统10识别在显示器30上描绘的目标脉管的位置,并且确定目标脉管是否正在“移动”。如果是,这将指示超声探头12没有被足够稳定地保持。这种移动可以在与来自患者的正常身体移动(比如来自脉管的呼吸或搏动移动等)相当的容许水平外。因此,可以向临床医生提供视觉、听觉或触觉警示,建议“调整探头的位置”、“保持探头稳定”等。将了解,视觉警示可以包括在显示器30上描绘的消息、通知、图标、字母数字符号、颜色等。此外,视觉警示可以包括与系统10可操作地连接的LED灯、指示器等,其在视觉上警示临床医生。听觉警示可以包括声音、指令、警报等。触觉警示可以包括通过系统10的由临床医生持有的部分传输的振动。
在实施方案中,如图6中所示,系统10可以测量目标脉管的圆度或其变化,以确定超声探头12对皮肤表面的压力是否影响目标脉管50的通畅性(patency)。如果脉管50的圆度偏离可接受的容许水平,系统可以如本文所述提供视觉、听觉或触觉警示,以“释放探头上的压力”等。
在实施方案中,如图7中所示,系统10提供叠加在超声图像上的指引,例如指引712和714,以指示套管40相对于目标脉管50的预测轨迹。如本文论述,系统10可以确定套管40相对于超声探头12 的位置和取向,例如使用针引导件或磁性传感器阵列。因此,系统10 可以通过指引712显示套管相对于目标脉管50的预测轨迹或轨迹范围,并且如果套管正在进入目标脉管,则使用显示在其附近的颜色、图案或指令进行指示。在套管未在进入脉管的过程中的情况下,指引 714可以通过在其附近显示的不同颜色、图案或指令而这样指示。
在实施方案中,如图8-9中所示,系统10可以确定套管40的套管尖端42在三维空间中的位置,如本文所论述。如图8中所示,套管尖端42可以包括额外的颜色、图案、突出显示等,以向临床医生指示成功进入脉管。在实施方案中,如图9中所示,系统可以确定套管尖端42是否接近目标脉管50的下壁。因而,系统10可以如本文所描述提供视觉、听觉或触觉警示,以指示套管可能潜在地被插入通过脉管的远壁,称为“接近后壁”。套管尖端42可以表示为图像、符号、图标等,并且可以使用不同的颜色、图案、突出显示或“闪光”描绘,以指示“接近(脉管)后壁”的接近度。
在实施方案中,如图10中所示,系统10可以提供额外的图标以识别目标脉管50和套管40之间潜在的障碍物。例如,神经束52或动脉血管54等可能被布置在目标脉管50和套管40之间。系统10可以提供图标以向临床医生指示需要至目标脉管的替代路径,该图标包括与突出显示目标脉管50的图标不同的颜色、图案、标签等。系统 10还可以显示额外的视觉、听觉或触觉警示以向临床医生通知障碍物。
目前,在超声成像下确定目标脉管基于临床医生的主观评估,这可能导致进入次优的脉管、进入尝试失败、导致水肿的脉管置入损失和其他并发症等。然而,有利地,本文公开的实施方案或其组合可以在套管的任何插入之前提供合适的目标脉管的清晰的、定量的指示。这防止临床医生仅在进入脉管时才发现脉管太小而不能接收套管,太深而不能提供足够的脉管置入,具有足够的流动和是用于手术的正确的脉管类型。此外,实施方案可以识别插入轨迹和任何潜在的障碍物,并且改进用户对成像系统的操纵。
虽然本文已经公开了一些特定实施方案,并且虽然已经略微详细地公开了特定实施方案,但是这些特定实施方案并不意图限制本文提供的概念的范围。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以出现额外的改编和/或修改,并且在更广泛的方面,这些改编和/或修改也涵盖在内。因此,在不偏离本文提供的概念的范围的情况下,可以偏离本文公开的特定实施方案。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于进入患者的脉管系统的超声系统,其特征在于,包括:
超声探头;
套管;
一个或多个处理器;
显示器,其通信地耦合至所述一个或多个处理器,所述显示器用于描绘患者的皮下部分的超声图像;
非暂时性存储装置,其通信地耦合至所述一个或多个处理器,所述非暂时性存储装置具有存储在其上的逻辑,所述逻辑当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时,引起执行包括如下的操作:
描绘所述超声图像的增强图像,包括围绕目标脉管的第一图标;
接收更新信息,包括所述套管的尺寸;和
根据所述更新信息,在所述增强图像上描绘处于更新状态的所述第一图标。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述套管的尺寸包括纵向长度或直径中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述套管的尺寸由用户提供或由所述超声系统获得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标包括第一颜色、第一图案、第一间歇特征或第一字母数字符号中的至少一个以指示所述更新状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,接收更新信息还包括测量所述目标脉管的直径和接收期望的脉管占用范围,并且其中处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标还包括指示所述目标脉管的百分比脉管占用在所述期望的脉管占用范围内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,接收更新信息还包括所述套管的插入角度和期望的脉管置入范围,并且其中处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标还包括指示脉管置入长度在所述期望的脉管置入范围内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述套管的插入角度是预定的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的超声系统,其特征在于,通过所述系统使用针引导件或永磁体和磁性传感器阵列中的至少一个测量所述套管的插入角度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,接收更新信息还包括测量多普勒信息或搏动信息中的至少一个。
10.根据权利要求9所述的超声系统,其特征在于,处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标还包括确定所述目标脉管的流速。
11.根据权利要求9所述的超声系统,其特征在于,处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标还包括确定所述目标脉管的静脉流动或动脉流动。
12.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,接收更新信息还包括测量所述目标脉管的圆度变化,并且其中处于所述更新状态的所述第一图标还包括指示所述目标脉管的所述圆度的偏差。
13.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述超声图像的所述增强图像还包括指引,其指示所述套管通过所述患者的所述皮下部分的预测轨迹。
14.根据权利要求13所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述指引包括第一颜色或第一图案中的至少一个以指示所述套管的所述预测轨迹何时与所述目标脉管相交,并且包括第二颜色或第二图案中的至少一个以指示所述套管的所述预测轨迹何时不与所述目标脉管相交。
15.根据权利要求13所述的超声系统,其特征在于,还包括围绕障碍物的第二图标,所述障碍物邻近所述套管的所述轨迹布置在所述套管和所述目标脉管之间。
16.根据权利要求15所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述障碍物包括神经束或动脉血管中的至少一个。
17.根据权利要求15所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述第二图标包括第二颜色、第二图案、第二间歇特征或第二字母数字符号中的至少一个。
18.根据权利要求1所述的超声系统,其特征在于,所述超声图像的所述增强图像还包括警示,其指示所述套管的尖端接近所述目标脉管的后壁。
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