CN212460928U - A solar energy stable following experimental device - Google Patents
A solar energy stable following experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212460928U CN212460928U CN202021378081.6U CN202021378081U CN212460928U CN 212460928 U CN212460928 U CN 212460928U CN 202021378081 U CN202021378081 U CN 202021378081U CN 212460928 U CN212460928 U CN 212460928U
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及智能检测与控制技术，具体涉及一种太阳能稳定跟随实验装置，包括支架、第一、第二步进电机、太阳能晶体板、光照强度检测板、滚珠轴承、齿轮传动、姿态传感器和微控制器系统；微控制器系统包括STM32控制器，分别与STM32控制器连接的电机驱动电路、GPS电路、光照检测电路和电源转换电路，姿态传感器与STM32控制器连接，电源转换电路分别连接电机驱动电路、GPS电路和光照检测电路；电机驱动电路分别连接第一、第二步进电机。该装置结构简单、方便移动。无需手动调整方位，可以实时跟随阳光的照射方向调整转向角度，使光照转换功率最大化，提高系统光照利用率；防止传动机构在外界环境变化过程中异常抖动。
The utility model relates to an intelligent detection and control technology, in particular to a solar energy stable following experimental device, comprising a bracket, a first and a second stepping motor, a solar crystal plate, a light intensity detection plate, a ball bearing, a gear transmission, an attitude sensor and a Microcontroller system; the microcontroller system includes an STM32 controller, a motor drive circuit, a GPS circuit, a light detection circuit and a power conversion circuit respectively connected to the STM32 controller, the attitude sensor is connected to the STM32 controller, and the power conversion circuit is respectively connected to the motor A driving circuit, a GPS circuit and a light detection circuit; the motor driving circuit is respectively connected with the first and second stepping motors. The device has a simple structure and is convenient to move. There is no need to manually adjust the orientation, and the steering angle can be adjusted in real time following the irradiation direction of the sun, so as to maximize the light conversion power and improve the system light utilization rate; prevent the transmission mechanism from shaking abnormally during the change of the external environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of intellectual detection system and control, especially, relate to an experimental apparatus is stably followed to solar energy.
Background
With the development of the industrialization process of the human society, social crisis caused by the exhaustion of fossil energy and environmental problems is increasingly prominent, and the technical development and efficient utilization of new energy gradually become the key points of the research of countries in the world. Solar energy is a renewable resource which can be utilized for a long time, does not pollute the environment in the using process, has excellent characteristics which are not possessed by conventional energy sources, and is concerned and valued.
The solar photovoltaic conversion device is the most common mode for solar energy utilization, but sunlight has energy intermittency and time dispersion, so that the effective development and utilization of the solar energy are insufficient.
At present, most of solar photoelectric conversion devices adopt a fixed structure, and the solar photoelectric conversion devices can only utilize light energy in a single direction according to the placement angle. The single-shaft rotating frame can be automatically adjusted according to sunshine time, but influences of factors such as earth movement and the geographic environment used by the device on solar energy utilization efficiency are ignored, and during installation, some parameters need to be manually adjusted and calibrated by constructors. The double-shaft rotating frame can automatically complete the dynamic following of illumination, but the repeated change of weather and environment illumination can cause the abnormal rotation of equipment, consumes more electric energy and influences the stability of the device. Therefore, a fully automatic and intelligent solar energy stable following control device with moving capability is needed in the market, so that the collection of energy resources is improved at the maximum efficiency, and the application range of the device is expanded.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a combine the basic law of earth motion, calculate the relative azimuth of sun and altitude angle, trail the device that sunshine shines the angle change.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a solar energy stable following experimental device comprises a bracket, a first stepping motor, a second stepping motor, a solar crystal plate, an illumination intensity detection plate, a ball bearing, a gear transmission, an attitude sensor and a microcontroller system; the microcontroller system comprises an STM32 controller, a motor driving circuit, a GPS circuit, an illumination detection circuit and a power supply conversion circuit, wherein the motor driving circuit, the GPS circuit, the illumination detection circuit and the power supply conversion circuit are respectively connected with the STM32 controller; the motor driving circuit is respectively connected with the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor;
the support comprises a horizontal rotating part and a pitching adjusting part, the horizontal rotating part comprises a bottom support and a deep groove ball bearing holder, the pitching adjusting part comprises an upper support, a ball bearing and gear transmission, the deep groove ball bearing holder and the gear transmission are driven to be respectively connected with a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, the bottom support is connected with the upper support through the deep groove ball bearing holder, and two sides of a beam of the upper support are connected with a base of the upper support through the ball bearing; the solar crystal plate and the illumination intensity detection plate are arranged on the beam of the upper layer bracket in parallel and are positioned on the same plane; the attitude sensor is fixed on one side of the upper-layer bracket beam and is parallel to the solar crystal plate; the microcontroller system is arranged on the bottom layer support base.
In the above solar stable following experimental device, the microcontroller system further comprises an oscillation circuit, a reset circuit and a download circuit, and the STM32 controller main control chip is an STM32F103RBT6 chip.
In the solar energy stable following experimental device, the GPS circuit is NEO-6M and is connected with the STM32 controller through a UART bus.
In the solar energy stable following experimental device, the attitude sensor is MPU9250 and is connected with the STM32 controller through the IIC bus.
In the solar energy stable following experimental device, the motor driving circuit adopts a stepping motor driver with the model TB6600, and the models of the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are both 42BYGH 34.
In the above solar stable following experimental apparatus, the illumination intensity detection board comprises 4 paths of photoelectric detection circuits and a first, a second, a third and a fourth illumination detection elements respectively connected with the photoelectric detection circuits, the first, the second, the third and the fourth illumination detection elements all adopt photoresistors and are arranged according to a square, the distance is 3 to 5 centimeters, and the 4 paths of illumination detection circuits are connected with the analog quantity acquisition port of the microcontroller system.
The utility model has the advantages that: the solar stable following experimental device can automatically adjust the orientation of the support transmission mechanism according to the actual environment, so that the solar crystal plate is perpendicular to the incident sunlight at all times, and the working efficiency of the device is improved. Simple structure, convenient removal, load capacity are big. During use, the direction does not need to be manually adjusted, the steering angle can be adjusted in real time along with the irradiation direction of sunlight, the maximum illumination conversion power is ensured, and the utilization rate of system illumination is improved; meanwhile, the composite adjusting function effectively prevents the transmission mechanism from abnormal shaking in the process of external environment change, and has better anti-jamming capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1-bracket, 2-first step motor, 2' -second step motor, 3-deep groove ball bearing holder, 4-solar crystal plate, 5-illumination intensity detection plate, 6-ball bearing, 7-gear transmission, 8-attitude sensor, 9-microcontroller system;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a microcontroller system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
91-a power supply conversion circuit, 92-a motor driving circuit, 93-an STM32 controller, 94-an illumination detection circuit and 95-a GPS circuit;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a layout of the illumination intensity detection board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein 51-first illumination detection element, 52-first illumination detection element, 53-first illumination detection element, 54-first illumination detection element;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an illumination intensity detection board system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment is realized through the following technical scheme, and a solar energy stable following experimental device comprises: the system comprises a bracket, a GPS circuit, an attitude sensor, a microcontroller system, a solar crystal plate, an illumination intensity detection plate, a motor driving device, a first stepping motor, a second stepping motor and a power supply conversion circuit.
And the support comprises a horizontal rotating part and a pitching adjusting part, the horizontal rotating part is supported by a deep groove ball bearing holder, the pitching adjusting part is driven by a gear and a chain, the two parts are driven by different stepping motors, and the motor model is 42BYGH 34. The horizontal rotating part comprises a bottom layer support and a deep groove ball bearing cloud platform, the pitching adjusting part comprises an upper layer support, a ball bearing and a gear transmission, the deep groove ball bearing cloud platform and the gear transmission are driven to be respectively connected with a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, the bottom layer support is connected with the upper layer support through the deep groove ball bearing cloud platform, and two sides of a beam of the upper layer support are connected with a base of the upper layer support through the ball bearing; the solar crystal plate and the illumination intensity detection plate are arranged on the beam of the upper layer bracket in parallel and are positioned on the same plane; the attitude sensor is fixed on one side of the upper-layer bracket beam and is parallel to the solar crystal plate; the microcontroller system is arranged on the bottom layer support base.
And the GPS circuit NEO-6M is connected with the STM32 controller through a UART bus, and the attitude sensor MPU9250 is connected with the STM32 controller through an IIC bus, so that data are collected and transmitted in real time.
And moreover, the microcontroller system comprises an oscillation circuit, a reset circuit and a download circuit, and the STM32 controller main control chip is an STM32F103RBT6 chip.
And the illumination intensity detection board comprises 4 paths of photoelectric detection circuits, and a first, a second, a third and a fourth illumination detection elements which are respectively connected with the 4 paths of photoelectric detection circuits, wherein the illumination detection elements are arranged according to a square by adopting photoresistors, the spacing is 3-5 cm, and the illumination detection circuits are connected with an analog quantity acquisition port of the micro control system.
And the motor driving circuit selects a stepping motor driver with the model TB6600, receives a control instruction sent by the microcontroller, controls the rotation direction of the motor, and drives the transmission mechanism to adjust the position of the solar crystal plate.
And when the solar crystal plate works, the output voltage is 15V to 18V.
The power conversion circuit converts the 12V input voltage into a suitable voltage required for the operation of each device, and supplies the voltage to the GPS circuit, the attitude sensor, the microcontroller system, and the motor drive device.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: 1. acquiring current equipment positioning information and time information through a GPS circuit, and calculating the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun; 2. detecting the deflection angle information of the following mechanism by an attitude sensor; 3. the energy conversion panel of the solar energy conversion device can move along with the change of the solar azimuth angle, so that the plane of the solar crystal plate is vertical to the solar illumination direction at any moment, and the illumination utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, a solar stable following experimental device includes: the system comprises a support 1, a first stepping motor 2, a second stepping motor 2', a deep groove ball bearing cloud deck 3, a solar crystal plate 4, an illumination intensity detection plate 5, a ball bearing 6, a gear transmission 7, an attitude sensor 8 and a microcontroller system 9. The horizontal rotation of this embodiment is accomplished by first step motor 2 drive deep groove ball bearing cloud platform 3, and the every single move is rotated and is adjusted by second step motor 2' drive gear transmission 7. The horizontal rotating part comprises a bottom layer support and a deep groove ball bearing cloud platform 3, the pitching adjusting part comprises an upper layer support, a ball bearing 6 and a gear transmission 7, the deep groove ball bearing cloud platform 3 and the gear transmission 7 are driven to be respectively connected with a first stepping motor 2 and a second stepping motor 2', the bottom layer support is connected with the upper layer support through the deep groove ball bearing cloud platform 3, and two sides of a beam of the upper layer support are connected with a base of the upper layer support through the ball bearing 6; the solar crystal plate 4 and the illumination intensity detection plate 5 are arranged on the beam of the upper layer bracket in parallel and are positioned on the same plane; the carrier beam is supported by ball bearings 6. The attitude sensor 8 is fixed on one side of the beam of the upper-layer bracket and is parallel to the solar crystal plate 4; the microcontroller system 9 is placed in the bottom shelf base.
As shown in fig. 2, the microcontroller system 9 of the solar stable tracking experimental apparatus of the present embodiment includes a power conversion circuit 91, a motor driving circuit 92, an STM32 controller 93, an illumination detection circuit 94, and a GPS circuit 95. The power conversion circuit 91 supplies appropriate operating power to the motor drive circuit 92, STM32 controller 93, illumination detection circuit 94, GPS circuit 95, and attitude sensor 9. The STM32 controller 93 acquires attitude sensor 9 data through the IIC bus, and acquires geographical azimuth information and time information of the GPS circuit 95 through the UART bus. The STM32 controller 93 collects the current illumination intensity of the illumination detection circuit 94, and after information comprehensive processing, sends a control instruction to the motor driving circuit 92 to drive the stepping motor 2 to rotate and adjust the position of the solar crystal plate 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the first, second, third and fourth illumination detection elements 51, 52, 53 and 54 of the illumination intensity detection plate 5 of the present embodiment are all photo resistors, and have a square layout, and the mutual distance is 3 cm to 5 cm.
As shown in fig. 4, the system circuit of the illumination intensity detection board 5 of the solar stable following experimental apparatus of this embodiment includes first, second, third, and fourth illumination detection elements 51, 52, 53, 54, an illumination detection circuit 94, and an STM32 controller 93, where the first, second, third, and fourth illumination detection elements 51, 52, 53, and 54 convert illumination into electrical signals, the illumination detection circuit 94 performs jitter filtering processing, the electrical signals are sent to an analog input channel of an STM32 controller 93, and the STM32 controller 93 compares the intensities of the 4 illumination signals to determine the illumination direction.
The solar energy stable following experiment device of this embodiment will calculate current sun angle information through the geographical coordinate and the time information of GPS circuit 95 survey device, and the attitude sensor 8 of reuse on the crossbeam measures altitude angle and azimuth of current solar crystal plate 4, STM32 controller 93 through internal calculation, sends the instruction and gives motor drive circuit 92, and second drive step motor 2' rotates solar crystal plate 4 to required position. Meanwhile, the position relation between the solar crystal plate 4 and the current sunlight is obtained by reading and calculating the signal of the illumination detection circuit 94, and the position of the solar crystal plate 4 is finely adjusted. Through compound regulation, the shortcoming that photoelectric detection is easily disturbed by weather change and external world can be avoided, and the precision of relying on fixed position information is improved.
It should be understood that parts of the specification not set forth in detail are well within the prior art.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative, and that various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A solar energy stable following experimental device is characterized by comprising a bracket, a first stepping motor, a second stepping motor, a solar crystal plate, an illumination intensity detection plate, a ball bearing, a gear transmission, an attitude sensor and a microcontroller system; the microcontroller system comprises an STM32 controller, a motor driving circuit, a GPS circuit, an illumination detection circuit and a power supply conversion circuit, wherein the motor driving circuit, the GPS circuit, the illumination detection circuit and the power supply conversion circuit are respectively connected with the STM32 controller; the motor driving circuit is respectively connected with the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor;
the support comprises a horizontal rotating part and a pitching adjusting part, the horizontal rotating part comprises a bottom support and a deep groove ball bearing holder, the pitching adjusting part comprises an upper support, a ball bearing and gear transmission, the deep groove ball bearing holder and the gear transmission are driven to be respectively connected with a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, the bottom support is connected with the upper support through the deep groove ball bearing holder, and two sides of a beam of the upper support are connected with a base of the upper support through the ball bearing; the solar crystal plate and the illumination intensity detection plate are arranged on the beam of the upper layer bracket in parallel and are positioned on the same plane; the attitude sensor is fixed on one side of the upper-layer bracket beam and is parallel to the solar crystal plate; the microcontroller system is arranged on the bottom layer support base.
2. The solar energy stable following experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller system further comprises an oscillation circuit, a reset circuit and a download circuit, and the STM32 controller main control chip is an STM32F103RBT6 chip.
3. The solar energy stable following experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the GPS circuit is a NEO-6M and is connected to the STM32 controller through a UART bus.
4. The solar energy stable following experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attitude sensor is selected from MPU9250 and is connected with STM32 controller through IIC bus.
5. The solar stability tracking experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor driving circuit is a type TB6600 stepping motor driver, and the first and second stepping motors are 42BYGH 34.
6. The solar stable following experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination intensity detection board comprises 4 paths of photoelectric detection circuits and first, second, third and fourth illumination detection elements respectively connected with the photoelectric detection circuits, the first, second, third and fourth illumination detection elements are all photoresistors and are arranged according to a square, the distance between the photoresistors is 3 to 5 centimeters, and the 4 paths of illumination detection circuits are connected with the analog quantity acquisition port of the microcontroller system.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021378081.6U CN212460928U (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | A solar energy stable following experimental device |
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| CN202021378081.6U CN212460928U (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | A solar energy stable following experimental device |
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| CN212460928U true CN212460928U (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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| CN202021378081.6U Expired - Fee Related CN212460928U (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2020-07-14 | A solar energy stable following experimental device |
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Granted publication date: 20210202 Termination date: 20210714 |