CN207427828U - A kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a harvesting device suitable for split harvesting of highland barley ears and stems. It includes a vehicle frame and a bracket, a reel and a cutter are arranged on the bracket, and a chain clamping and conveying mechanism is provided between the bracket and the vehicle frame. Under the action of the grain wheel, the stalks arranged in rows are transported towards the frame. On the frame, there is a multi-layer knife throwing mechanism for separating the stalks from the ear heads and crushing the stalks. There is a stalk conveying mechanism under the layer knife mechanism, and a grass collecting and bundling mechanism at the end of the stalk conveying mechanism; an ear head conveying mechanism is located at the end of the chain clamping conveying mechanism on the frame, and the ear head is conveyed The end of the mechanism is equipped with a highland barley head threshing mechanism. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, can realize double harvesting of grain and grass, and adapts to the characteristics of highland barley ears so as to improve the detachment efficiency and quality.

Description

A harvesting device suitable for split harvesting of highland barley ears and stems

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a harvesting device suitable for split harvesting of highland barley ears and stems.

Background technique

Highland barley is an important food crop, mainly distributed in my country's Tibet, Qinghai, Ganzi and Aba in Sichuan and other regions. Highland barley is widely used, its grain is the main grain of local residents, and barley stalk is the main feed for local people. Since the awn and grass cannot be separated when the rice-wheat combine harvester is used, it cannot meet the needs of farmers for double harvest of grain and grass. Ear heads are threshed.

On the other hand, this kind of highland barley head has an ultra-low grass-to-grain ratio. The rice-wheat threshing equipment in the prior art is cumbersome, inefficient, wasteful of energy, and expensive. It can only be a decoration.

In summary, due to the lack of relevant agricultural machinery and equipment, the cultivation and production of highland barley in my country has been severely restricted.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to provide a harvesting device which is simple in structure, low in cost, can realize double harvest of grain and grass, and adapts to the characteristics of highland barley ears to improve the separation efficiency and improve the quality of highland barley grains, which is suitable for split harvesting of highland barley ears and stems.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a harvesting device suitable for split harvesting of highland barley ears and stems, including a vehicle frame and a bracket arranged at the front end of the vehicle frame in the direction of travel and connected to the vehicle frame. The bracket is provided with a reel for moving the stalks toward the frame and a cutter for cutting the stalks from the bottom. Inclined chain clamping and conveying mechanism, the chain clamping and conveying mechanism is used to transport the stalks cut by the cutter and arranged in rows under the action of the reel towards the direction of the frame. There is a multi-layer knife throwing mechanism for separating the stalks from the ear heads and crushing the stalks. A stem conveying mechanism is installed under the multi-layer throwing knife mechanism, and a grass-collecting and bundling mechanism is installed at the end of the stem conveying mechanism. An ear head conveying mechanism is also provided at the end of the chain clamping and conveying mechanism on the vehicle frame, and a highland barley ear head threshing mechanism is arranged at the end of the ear head conveying mechanism.

Preferably, the highland barley ear head threshing mechanism includes a first drive shaft arranged vertically, the lower end of the first drive shaft is rotatably arranged on a frame located on the vehicle frame, and a drum is coaxially arranged in the middle of the first drive shaft. The outer circumference of the drum is provided with a fixed cylinder whose lower end is fixedly connected with the frame, and a friction threshing gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the drum and the inner peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder.

Preferably, the highland barley head threshing mechanism also includes a repeated threshing unit for screening and repeating threshing of the ear heads that have passed through the friction threshing gap and has not yet been threshed. Extrusion moving plate, ear head collection box and belt conveyor, the sieve plate is connected with the lower end of the fixed cylinder along the circumference, and the exudate guide plate is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder and is used for threshing by friction The ejected matter falling from the gap guides towards the middle of the sieve plate. The ejected matter shifting plate is arranged on the first drive shaft and above the sieve plate, and the ejected matter shifting plate will gather on the Straighten the extruded matter in the middle of the sieve plate and move the unthreshed ear heads in the extruded matter to the outer edge of the sieve plate, and a first opening for the ear head to pass is arranged on the outer edge of the sieve plate, and the ear heads are collected The box is connected with the first opening, the feed end of the belt conveyor is set in the ear head collection box, the discharge end is set above the friction threshing gap, and is vertically spaced on the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor. There are multiple baffles.

Preferably, both the drum and the fixed cylinder are tapered with the big end facing the frame, and the taper of the drum is larger than that of the fixed cylinder, the width of the upper end of the friction threshing gap is 10-20mm, and the width of the lower end is 5-10mm .

Preferably, spiral protrusions for assisting threshing are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drum.

Preferably, an ear head guide cone is coaxially arranged on the top of the drum on the first drive shaft for uniformly feeding the ear heads at the end of the ear head conveying mechanism toward the friction threshing gap.

Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is arranged below the sieve plate on the frame, and the cleaning mechanism includes a negative pressure fan, a collection cone and a grain discharge pipe arranged at the lower end of the collection cone, and the negative pressure fan The air inlet pipe is connected to the grain discharge pipe, and the air outlet pipe is set as a small miscellaneous discharge pipe.

Preferably, a plurality of groups of the chain clamping and conveying mechanisms are evenly spaced between the vehicle frame and the bracket, and any one of the chain clamping and conveying mechanisms includes two closed loop chains arranged side by side. The gaps between the stalks form a conveying channel for the stalks, and the outer circumference of the closed loop chain is provided with a plurality of protruding teeth for clamping the highland barley manhole cover at intervals.

Preferably, the gap between the ends of the two closed loop chains close to the vehicle frame is smaller than the gap between the ends close to the bracket.

Preferably, the multi-layer knife throwing mechanism includes a vertically arranged second drive shaft, on which a plurality of disc-shaped cutters are arranged at intervals in the axial direction; The material cylinder is provided with a second opening along the height direction on one side of the material blocking cylinder for the stalks to enter, and the bottom end of the material blocking cylinder is open and corresponds to the stem conveying mechanism.

Beneficial effect

The utility model has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient use and strong practicability. After the barley stalk is cut from the root, it is lifted to the vehicle frame through the chain clamping and conveying mechanism. The ear heads are separated and the stems are crushed, and the ear heads enter the highland barley ear head threshing mechanism through the ear head conveying mechanism for threshing, which is suitable for the split harvest of highland barley ear stems, and the awn, grass, and grains are separated to meet the double harvest of grain and grass for farmers Improve the quality of straw harvest and increase the source of forage grass in Tibetan areas, which is very beneficial to the economic development of highland barley planting areas.

The barley head threshing mechanism of the utility model is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, low in cost, strong in functionality, high in mechanization and automation, can efficiently complete threshing of barley ears with ultra-low grass-to-grain ratio, and is beneficial to large-area planting, popularization and production of barley. Friction threshing is carried out through the friction threshing gap between the drum and the fixed cylinder during the rotation of the drum, which can reduce the problem of high crushing rate caused by beating or rolling threshing in the prior art. In the preferred embodiment of the utility model, there is also a repeated threshing mechanism for screening and threshing the highland barley ears that have not yet been threshed after passing through the friction threshing gap, so that the broken ears and small ears can be repeatedly passed through the drum and fixed. The friction between the cylinders is used for threshing, so that the loss rate of kernels is low. And because the setting of the repeated threshing mechanism can make the friction threshing gap appropriately wide, it is more conducive to reducing the broken rate and improving the quality of highland barley grains.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the barley head threshing mechanism part of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the chain clamping and conveying mechanism part of the present invention;

Markings in the figure: 1. Vehicle frame, 2. Bracket, 3. Reel, 4. Cutter, 5. Chain clamping and conveying mechanism, 501, closed loop chain, 502, protruding teeth, 6. Multi-layer knife throwing mechanism , 601, second drive shaft, 602, disc-shaped cutter, 603, retaining cylinder, 7, stalk conveying mechanism, 8, grass collecting and bundling mechanism, 9, ear head conveying mechanism, 10, ultra-low grass-to-grain ratio Inference mechanism, 1001, first drive shaft, 1002, frame, 1003, drum, 1004, fixed cylinder, 1005, friction threshing gap, 1006, sieve plate, 1006-1, first opening, 1007, ejection guide plate, 1008, protruding object toggle plate, 1009, ear head collection box, 1010, belt conveyor, 1010-1, conveyor belt, 1010-2, baffle plate, 1011, spiral protrusion, 1012, ear head guide cone, 11. Cleaning mechanism, 1101, negative pressure fan, 1101-1, small miscellaneous discharge pipe, 1102, aggregate cone bucket, 1103, grain discharge pipe.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of harvesting device applicable to the shunting and harvesting of highland barley ears and stems of the present utility model includes a vehicle frame 1 and a bracket 2 arranged at the front end of the vehicle frame 1 in the direction of travel. There is a reel 3 for moving the stalks towards the vehicle frame 1 and a cutter 4 for cutting the stalks from the bottom. The depth gauge wheel for adjusting the height of the bracket 2 is also provided on the bracket 2 .

Between the bracket 2 and the vehicle frame 1, a plurality of chain clamping and conveying mechanisms 5 inclined towards the vehicle frame 1 are arranged side by side. The stalks arranged in rows are conveyed towards the vehicle frame 1 direction. Any one of the chain clamping conveying mechanisms 5 includes two closed loop chains 501 arranged side by side, the gap between the two closed loop chains 501 forms a delivery channel for the stalk, and the outer circumference of the closed loop chain 501 is provided with multiple The protruding teeth 502 that clamp the barley manhole cover, during operation, the two closed loop chains 501 rotate in opposite directions, and the opposite outer edges of the two closed loop chains 501 and the corresponding protruding teeth 502 cooperate to direct the barley stalks towards the frame 1 delivery.

The gap between the ends of the two closed loop chains 501 close to the vehicle frame 1 is smaller than the gap between the ends close to the bracket 2, so that the clamping force of the highland barley stalk is relatively loose when it is located at the starting end of the chain clamping and conveying mechanism 5, It slides down under the action of gravity until the ear head on the highland barley stalk is stuck on the chain clamping and conveying mechanism 5; when it is located at the end of the chain clamping and conveying mechanism 5, the clamping force is stronger, which is beneficial to the follow-up mechanism on the stalk and the conveying mechanism. The separation of the ear head.

On the frame 1, below the end of the chain clamping and conveying mechanism 5, there is a multi-layer knife throwing mechanism 6 for separating the stalks from the ear heads and crushing the stalks, and a stem conveying mechanism is arranged below the multi-layer knife throwing mechanism 6. 7. The multi-layer knife throwing mechanism 6 includes a vertically arranged second drive shaft 601, on the second drive shaft 601, a plurality of disc-shaped cutters 602 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction; The material cylinder 603 is provided with a second opening along the height direction on one side of the material blocking cylinder 603 for the stalks to enter. The bottom end of the retaining cylinder 603 is open and corresponds to the stalk conveying mechanism 7 . After the highland barley stalk enters the material retaining cylinder 603 through the second opening, it is crushed by the high-speed rotation of multiple disc cutters, and the separation of the highland barley stalk and ear head is completed at the same time.

A grass collecting and bundling mechanism 8 is provided at the end of the stalk conveying mechanism 7, and the collection of the highland barley stalks is completed through the grass collecting and bundling mechanism 8.

An ear head conveying mechanism 9 is arranged at the end of the chain clamping conveying mechanism 5 on the vehicle frame 1 , and a highland barley ear head threshing mechanism 10 is arranged at the end of the ear head conveying mechanism 9 . The barley head threshing mechanism 10 includes a vertically arranged first drive shaft 1001, the lower end of the first drive shaft 1001 is rotatably arranged on the frame 1002 located on the vehicle frame 1, and the upper end is provided with a drive motor that drives the first drive shaft 1001 to rotate. . The central part of the first drive shaft 1001 is coaxially provided with a drum 1003, and the outer circumference of the drum 1003 is provided with a fixed cylinder 1004 whose lower end is fixedly connected with the frame 1002, and is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the drum 1003 and the inner peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder 1004. Friction threshing gap 1005. The ear heads of highland barley are fed from the top of the friction threshing gap 1005 after passing through the ear head conveyor, and the highland barley ears are rubbed by the differential speed between the drum 1003 and the fixed cylinder 1004 during the rotation of the drum 1003 to complete threshing.

Both the drum 1003 and the fixed cylinder 1004 are made of rubber material, which has certain elasticity, can reduce the breakage rate, and improve the threshing quality. The outer peripheral surface of the drum 1003 is provided with a spiral protrusion 1011 for assisting threshing. The spiral protrusion 1011 is also made of rubber material, and is molded integrally with the drum 1003 to facilitate processing and manufacturing.

Both the roller 1003 and the fixed cylinder 1004 are tapered with the big end facing the frame 1002 , and the taper of the roller 1003 is larger than that of the fixed cylinder 1004 . The width of the upper end of the friction threshing gap 1005 is 10-20mm, which can hold the ear of highland barley. During the threshing process, the grains on the ear head are gradually separated, and the width of the lower end of the friction threshing gap 1005 is 5-10mm, so that the highland barley grain can pass through smoothly. Block the passage of the larger ear heads, so that the larger highland barley ears are repeatedly threshed between the friction threshing gaps 1005.

On the first drive shaft 1001, the top end of the drum 1003 is coaxially provided with an ear head guide cone 1012 for evenly feeding the ear heads at the end of the ear head conveying mechanism 9 toward the friction threshing gap 1005. The ear head guide cone 1012 can rotate with the first drive shaft 1001, and evenly feeds the ear heads at the end of the conveying direction of the ear head conveying mechanism 9 towards the friction threshing gap 1005.

Because in this embodiment, in order to ensure a low damage rate, the lower end of the friction threshing gap 1005 is set wider, and some broken ears and spikelets are also likely to fall from the lower end of the friction threshing gap 1005, affecting the quality of the final product. In order to solve this problem, the threshing device is also provided with a repeated threshing mechanism for screening and threshing the ear heads that have not yet been threshed after passing through the friction threshing gap 1005.

The repeated threshing unit includes a sieve plate 1006, an extract guide plate 1007, an extract toggle plate 1008, an ear head collecting box 1009, and a belt conveyor 1010. The screen plate 1006 is connected with the lower end of the fixed cylinder 1004 along the circumferential direction, and the extract is guided The plate 1007 is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder 1004 and is used to guide the ejecta falling from the friction threshing gap 1005 towards the middle of the sieve plate 1006. Above, the ejecta moving plate 1008 will flatten the ejecta collected in the middle of the sieve plate 1006 during the rotation process with the first drive shaft 1001 and move the unthreshed ear heads in the ejecta to the outer edge of the sieve plate 1006 , the outer edge of the sieve plate 1006 is provided with a first opening 1006-1 for the ear head to pass through, the ear head collecting box 1009 links to each other with the first opening 1006-1, and the feeding end of the belt conveyor 1010 is arranged on the ear head In the head collection box 1009, the discharge end is arranged above the friction threshing gap 1005, and a plurality of baffles 1010-2 are vertically arranged on the conveyor belt 1010-1 of the belt conveyor 1010 at intervals.

During the threshing process, the exudates passing through the friction threshing gap 1005 fall on the middle part of the sieve plate 1006 through the extruded object guide plate 1007, and the extruded matter moving plate 1008 will straighten the accumulated extruded matter, which is beneficial for the grains to fall from the sieve plate 1006 , while the spikelets and broken spikes in the protruding matter are pushed to the outer edge of the sieve plate 1006 by the protruding matter dial, enter the ear head collection box 1009 through the first opening 1006-1 on the sieve plate 1006, and pass through the belt-type The conveyor 1010 enters the upper end of the friction threshing gap 1005 again to perform repeated threshing.

Be positioned at below sieve plate 1006 on frame 1002 and be provided with cleaning machine mechanism 11, cleaning machine mechanism 11 comprises negative pressure blower fan 1101, collection material cone bucket 1102 and the seed discharge pipe 1103 that is arranged on the collection material cone bucket 1102 lower end, The air inlet pipe of the negative pressure fan 1101 is connected with the grain discharge pipe 1103, and the air outlet pipe is set as a small miscellaneous discharge pipe 1101-1. The clean highland barley grains are discharged from the grain discharge pipe 1103 and collected uniformly, and the small miscellaneous is discharged from the small miscellaneous discharge pipe 1101-1 and collected uniformly, so as to realize the synchronous completion of threshing and cleaning.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest, including vehicle frame（1）Be arranged on vehicle frame（1）Direct of travel Front end and and vehicle frame（1）The bracket being connected（2）, in bracket（2）Be equipped with for by stalk towards vehicle frame（1）It stirs in direction Winder（3）And the cutter for stalk to be cut off by bottom（4）, it is characterised in that：In bracket（2）And vehicle frame（1）It Between be provided with vehicle frame（1）The inclined chain gripping conveyor structure in direction（5）, chain gripping conveyor structure（5）For that will pass through Cutter（4）It cuts off and in winder（3）The stalk of the lower arrangement in a row of effect is towards vehicle frame（1）Direction conveys, in vehicle frame（1）It is upper In chain gripping conveyor structure（5）The lower section of end is equipped with to separate stalk and fringe head and can crush the multilayer flail knife of stalk Mechanism（6）, multilayer knife throwing mechanism（6）Lower section is equipped with stalk conveying mechanism（7）, in stalk conveying mechanism（7）End be equipped with collection Careless binding mechanism（8）；In vehicle frame（1）It is upper to be located at chain gripping conveyor structure（5）End be additionally provided with fringe head conveying mechanism（9）, In fringe head conveying mechanism（9）End be equipped with highland barley fringe head separating mechanism（10）.

2. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Highland barley fringe head separating mechanism（10）Including the first drive shaft being vertically arranged（1001）, the first drive shaft（1001）Lower end rotate It is arranged in vehicle frame（1）Rack（1002）On, the first drive shaft（1001）Middle part be coaxially provided with roller（1003）, roller （1003）Periphery be arranged with lower end and rack（1002）The fixed cylinder being fixedly connected（1004）, in roller（1003）Outer circumferential surface And fixed cylinder（1004）Inner peripheral surface between formed friction cylinder-concave clearance（1005）.

3. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described Highland barley fringe head separating mechanism（10）One is further included for friction cylinder-concave clearance will to be passed through（1005）The fringe of threshing is remained unfulfilled afterwards Head is screened and repeats the repetition threshing unit of threshing, and repeating threshing unit includes sieve plate（1006）, emersion object guide plate （1007）, emersion object swinging plate（1008）, fringe head collecting box（1009）And ribbon conveyer（1010）, the sieve plate（1006） Circumferentially with fixed cylinder（1004）Lower end connection, the emersion object guide plate（1007）It is arranged on fixed cylinder（1004）Inner circumferential On face and for will be by friction cylinder-concave clearance（1005）The emersion object fallen is towards sieve plate（1006）Middle part water conservancy diversion, the emersion object Swinging plate（1008）It is arranged on the first drive shaft（1001）It goes up and is located at sieve plate（1006）Top, emersion object swinging plate（1008） With the first drive shaft（1001）Sieve plate will be gathered in rotation process（1006）The emersion object at middle part moves flat and will be in emersion object The fringe head for not completing threshing is allocated to sieve plate（1006）Outer rim, in sieve plate（1006）Outer rim set there are one for fringe head by the One opening（1006-1）, the fringe head collecting box（1009）With first opening（1006-1）It is connected, the ribbon conveyer （1010）Feed end be arranged on fringe head collecting box（1009）In, discharge end is arranged on the friction cylinder-concave clearance（1005）It is upper Side, in ribbon conveyer（1010）Conveyer belt（1010-1）Upper interval vertical is equipped with polylith baffle（1010-2）.

4. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described Roller（1003）And fixed cylinder（1004）It is big end towards rack（1002）Taper, and roller（1003）Taper be more than it is solid Safety barrel（1004）Taper, the friction cylinder-concave clearance（1005）The width of upper end is 10-20mm, and the width of lower end is 5- 10mm。

5. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute State roller（1003）Outer circumferential surface be equipped with for aid in threshing spiral shape protrusion（1011）.

6. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that： One drive shaft（1001）It is upper to be located at roller（1003）Top be coaxially provided with for by fringe head conveying mechanism（9）The fringe head court of end To friction cylinder-concave clearance（1005）The fringe head guide cone uniformly fed（1012）.

7. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute State rack（1002）It is upper to be located at sieve plate（1006）Lower section is equipped with dressing mechanism（11）, the dressing mechanism（11）Including negative-pressure air fan （1101）, cone bucket of gathering materials（1102）And it is arranged on cone bucket of gathering materials（1102）The seed drainage conduit of lower end（1103）, negative-pressure air fan （1101）Blast pipe and seed drainage conduit（1103）It is connected, discharge pipe is arranged to small miscellaneous discharge pipe（1101-1）.

8. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In vehicle Frame（1）And bracket（2）Between uniform intervals be equipped with multigroup chain gripping conveyor structure（5）, any one chain clamps defeated Send mechanism（5）Include two closed annular chains being set up in parallel（501）, two closed annular chains（501）Between between Gap forms the transfer passage of stalk, closed annular chain（501）Periphery be equipped at intervals with it is multiple for clamping the convex of highland barley well lid Tooth（502）.

9. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is described Two closed annular chains（501）Close to vehicle frame（1）Gap between one end is less than close to bracket（2）The gap of one end.

10. a kind of harvesting apparatus suitable for highland barley ear stem shunting harvest according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute State multilayer knife throwing mechanism（6）Including the second drive shaft being vertically arranged（601）, in the second drive shaft（601）It is upper axially spaced Equipped with multiple disc cutters（602）；In the second drive shaft（601）Periphery be equipped with blocking cylinder（603）, in blocking cylinder（603） One side along short transverse be equipped with for stalk enter second opening, blocking cylinder（603）Bottom it is open and defeated with the stalk Send mechanism（7）It is corresponding.