CN207087311U - Increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multifunctional processing integrated machine for adding and subtracting materials. The integrated multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials includes a structural frame, a driving device, a working platform, a numerical control device, a function conversion device and a modularly replaceable processing device. The driving device includes a driving motor, a conveyor belt, a screw and a guide rail; the numerical control device includes an input device, a memory, a controller, an arithmetic unit and an output device; the processing device that can be modularly replaced includes a 3D printing device, a laser processing device, a numerical control processing device, Ultrasonic processing devices, electron beam processing devices, electric discharge processing devices and plasma processing devices, various processing devices can be modularly replaced on the function conversion device according to needs, and users can choose one or more processing devices to cooperate with the workpiece Perform rapid prototyping, prototyping and precision machining. The all-in-one machine for adding and subtracting materials is easy to use, efficient in processing, resource-saving, and highly economical.

Description

Addition and subtraction multifunctional processing machine

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of multifunctional processing integrated devices for adding and subtracting materials, specifically relates to 3D printing, laser processing, numerical control processing, ultrasonic processing, electron beam processing, electric spark processing and plasma processing technologies, and can realize integrated modeling of workpieces , molding and precision machining.

technical background

3D printing, laser processing, CNC processing, ultrasonic processing, electron beam processing, EDM and plasma processing are all relatively common processing methods in mechanical processing operations. In the daily processing of workpieces, one or more Several different processing devices work together, the processing process is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the repeated clamping of different processing devices also increases the error of the parts. Sometimes in order to meet the special processing requirements of a certain part, it is necessary to purchase a specified Large-scale devices are used for processing, which is expensive and causes a great waste of resources. 3D printing technology is also called rapid prototyping technology. After 2000, Tsinghua University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University and other universities have successively studied 3D printing technology. High strength” requirements, traditional technology will cause a lot of unnecessary loss in the production of parts, for complex products, the raw material utilization rate is only less than 10% when exaggerated, and the unique additive processing technology of 3D printing can Good use of raw materials, the utilization rate is as high as 90%; the application of laser processing technology in mechanical processing production includes laser engraving machine, laser cutting machine and laser welding machine, etc., by using concentrated laser to achieve high The energy density is high, and the workpiece is processed by the photothermal effect. It has the advantages of high strength, good monochromaticity, good coherence and good directionality. The workpiece can be punched, cut, scribed, welded, and heat treated; CNC machining The technology is mainly applied to the CNC machining center. Different processing of parts can be realized through different CNC processing equipment, and mechanical operations such as milling, drilling, grinding, boring and reaming can be realized. CNC machining is a traditional way of machining. It is widely used in mechanical processing; ultrasonic processing technology uses ultrasonic vibration tools to impact and polish the processed parts of the workpiece, so that local materials are eroded to form powder for perforation, cutting and grinding operations, and ultrasonic vibration is used to make The workpieces are combined with each other. At present, ultrasonic processing technology has become the basic processing method in special processing, and can often be applied to processing procedures that are difficult to complete in traditional processing, mainly including ultrasonic removal processing, ultrasonic surface finishing processing and ultrasonic welding processing; electron beam processing Processing is to use the concentrated electron beam to impact on a very small area of the workpiece surface at a very high speed, and most of its energy is converted into heat energy, which causes local melting or gasification of the material, and can process micropores, Narrow slits, semiconductor integrated circuits, etc. are a precise processing method, and the workpiece is not subject to mechanical force, and it is not easy to produce macroscopic stress and deformation. Therefore, the range of processing materials is very wide. All can be processed, and the processing productivity is very high; EDM is to use the pulsed spark discharge generated between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode to remove excess metal by generating electric corrosion, so as to achieve the purpose of processing the workpiece, so it is easy to use It is used to process various conductive materials, and is not limited by the physical and mechanical properties of the workpiece. During the processing, the tool and the workpiece are not in direct contact, so the workpiece has no mechanical deformation. On materials with high hardness, the processing accuracy is high, and it can be used To process complex molds with high surface quality; plasma processing uses compressed air as the working gas and high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc as the heat source to partially melt the cut metal and blow away the melted metal with high-speed airflow at the same time. It forms a narrow kerf, which can be used for cutting stainless steel, aluminum, copper, cast iron, carbon steel and other metal materials. Significant energy saving effect.

This project is to design and manufacture a machine that integrates 3D printing, laser processing, CNC processing, ultrasonic processing, electron beam processing, EDM and plasma processing, which will greatly save the purchase of 3D printers, laser Cutting machines, laser engraving machines, CNC lathes, CNC grinding machines, ultrasonic processing equipment, electron beam processing equipment, electric discharge processing equipment and plasma processing equipment, and at the same time improve and modularize these processing devices and become modular replacements The advanced processing device will greatly save the time-consuming and consumables for workpiece processing, and at the same time, it can greatly avoid repeated clamping of workpieces, effectively reduce the error of workpiece processing, and provide a more convenient, convenient, efficient and Cost-saving machining solutions.

Contents of the invention

The utility model provides a multifunctional processing integrated machine for adding and subtracting materials, which integrates 3D printing, laser processing, numerical control processing, ultrasonic processing, electron beam processing, electric spark processing and plasma processing into one machine, and various processing devices It can be modularly replaced on the function conversion device according to the needs, and the user can choose one or several processing devices to cooperate with the rapid modeling, prototyping and precision machining of the workpiece according to the needs.

The multi-functional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials includes a structural frame, a driving device, a working platform, a numerical control device, a function conversion device and a modularly replaceable processing device.

The structural frame includes a bottom support, a vertical support, an upper beam and an auxiliary beam. 3-6 profiles are connected by right-angled connecting keys, and placed at the bottom of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials to form the bottom support. 3-6 profiles The profiles are connected to each other through right-angled connecting keys, and placed on the top of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials to form the upper beam of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials. There are 3-5 vertical beams between the bottom support and the upper beam. The brackets are connected together to form the overall external frame of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials. Rubber gaskets are arranged at the edge of the bottom support and the upper beam to prevent sharp edges from being injured, especially elastic pads are added on the bottom surface of the bottom frame. To prevent the machining deviation caused by the vibration during the processing, thus affecting the processing accuracy, the auxiliary beam is divided into the driving auxiliary beam and the fixed beam of the numerical control device. The Y-direction driving auxiliary beam is set on the back of the upper beam and connected with the vertical support. , the two ends of the beam and the frame are connected by right-angle connection keys to form a stable frame structure, which is used to fix the drive motor in the Y direction, and the auxiliary beam for driving in the Z direction is set on the bottom support, which is at the same level as the bottom support On the top, the two ends of the Z-direction driving auxiliary beam are connected with the bottom support through a right-angled connection key, which can ensure the stability of the Z-direction driving motor. The fixed beam of the numerical control device is set on the front surface of the upper beam, and the two ends of the fixed beam of the numerical control device It is connected with the frame through a right-angle connection key to form a stable frame structure, which can ensure the stability of the numerical control device during processing.

The driving device includes a driving motor, a conveyor belt, a screw, a guide rail and a slider. The driving device is divided into an X-direction driving device, a Y-direction driving device and a Z-direction driving device. The X-direction driving device includes an X-direction driving motor, an X-direction conveyor belt, and Direction screw, X-direction guide rail and X-direction slider, the X-direction drive motor is set on the right end surface of the upper beam, the X-direction screw is installed on the upper beam through the support bearing, and the X-direction guide rail is also installed on the upper beam through the support bearing. On the front and rear beams, both are distributed along the X direction. The drive motor in the X direction is connected to the screw in the X direction through a conveyor belt, so that the power of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the lead screw. The screw in the X direction and the guide rail in the X direction There is an X-direction slider on the top, and the slider forms a cooperative relationship with the thread on the screw through the threaded hole. The guide rail can support the weight of the slider, reduce the wear of the screw thread, and then convert the rotation of the screw into the rotation of the slider. Therefore, under the drive of the drive motor and under the control of the numerical control device, the slider in the X direction can be controlled to do orientation and fixed-point movement in the X direction; the drive device in the Y direction includes a drive motor in the Y direction, a conveyor belt in the Y direction, and a wire in the Y direction. Bar, Y-direction guide rail and Y-direction slider, the Y-direction drive motor is set on the right end surface of the upper beam, the Y-direction screw is installed on the upper beam through the support bearing, and the Y-direction guide rail is also installed on the front and rear beams through the support bearing Both of them are distributed along the Y direction, and the drive motor in the Y direction is connected to the screw in the Y direction through a conveyor belt, so that the power of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the lead screw. There is a slider in the Y direction. The slider forms a cooperative relationship with the thread on the screw through the threaded hole. The guide rail can support the weight of the slider and reduce the wear of the screw thread, and then convert the rotation of the screw into the movement of the slider. Therefore, under the drive of the drive motor, under the control of the numerical control device, it is possible to control the Y-direction slider to perform orientation and fixed-point movement along the Y direction; the Z-direction drive device includes a Z-direction drive motor, a Z-direction conveyor belt, a Z-direction screw and The Z-direction guide rail, the Z-direction drive motor is set on the Z-direction drive auxiliary beam, the Z-direction screw is installed on the front and rear surfaces of the bottom support through the support bearing, and the Z-direction guide rail is also installed on the inner side of the vertical support through the support bearing. Both are distributed along the Z direction and are symmetrical to the center. The drive motor in the Z direction and the lead screw in the Z direction are connected by a conveyor belt, so that the rotation of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the lead screw. Under the control of the numerical control device, it can make The working platform set on the Z-direction lead screw and the Z-direction guide rail is oriented and fixed-pointed in the Z-direction.

The working platform includes the frame of the platform structure, the plane to be processed and the Z-direction slider. The Z-direction slider is matched with the Z-direction screw through the threaded hole. Driven by the drive motor, the rotation of the Z-direction screw is converted into the Z-direction. The movement of the slider, while the Z-direction slider passes through the Z-direction guide rail, can ensure smooth and stable movement of the slider. The platform structure frame and the Z-direction slider are set together to ensure that the structure frame will slide along the Z direction. The lifting of blocks is done synchronously. The plane to be processed is set on the frame of the platform structure. It is connected with the frame of the platform structure through leveling bolts, which can effectively ensure the level of the plane to be processed. There are four corners of the frame of the platform structure. The limit switch prevents the working platform from interfering with the structural frame or the driving device during the movement, which will affect the normal use of the equipment.

The numerical control device includes an input device, a memory, a controller, an arithmetic unit and an output device. The input device includes an emergency stop button, an operation button and an off-line processing data interface. The output device includes an LCD display screen and an output interface, an emergency stop button, an operation button, The LCD display and the off-line processing data interface are set on the front panel of the CNC device, and are connected with the auxiliary beam and the vertical support of the CNC device. The LCD display can monitor the current processing method, estimated processing time, Time, 3D printing nozzle temperature, laser processing path, CNC processing form, ultrasonic processing status, electron beam processing status, EDM status and plasma processing status are displayed in real time, and the current machine working status can also be fed back in real time. When an emergency occurs during the process, the user can activate the emergency stop button to protect the equipment and ensure the safety of personnel. The operation button is mainly used to select the operation options in the LCD display, which can realize the calibration of the working platform and send the start A series of operations such as commands and offline processing, the offline processing data interface is mainly used for offline processing, the processing code is written in advance and stored in the SD card, and the processing code is read through the offline processing data interface to directly realize the The processing of the workpiece can achieve the effect of off-line processing, which greatly improves the processing efficiency. The memory, controller and arithmetic unit are arranged on the back panel of the numerical control device. The controller and the arithmetic unit work together to make the drive motor realize the specified operation. The protection of the panel can effectively avoid the damage of the chip and the interface during use. The numerical control device receives the information of the input medium, identifies, stores and calculates its code, and outputs the corresponding command pulse to drive the drive device, and then controls the The processing work of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials.

The function conversion device includes a connecting guide rail and a function conversion support. The connecting guide rail in the X direction is connected to the slider in the X direction, which can ensure that the connecting guide rail in the X direction will move with the movement of the slider in the X direction, and the connecting guide rail in the Y direction is connected to the slider in the Y direction. It can ensure that the connecting guide rail in the Y direction will move with the movement of the slider in the Y direction. A functional conversion support is provided at the intersection of the connecting guide rail in the X direction and the Y direction connecting guide rail, so as to transfer the movement of the slider to the function conversion support. On the function conversion support, there are power interface, information control interface and clamping slot, which are used for modular replacement of processing devices. The processing devices that can be modularly replaced include 3D printing devices, laser processing devices, and numerical control processing devices. , ultrasonic processing device, electron beam processing device, electric discharge processing device and plasma processing device, under the synergistic effect of the control device and the driving device, the function conversion device will realize the movement of the specified path, so that the processing device can also achieve horizontal and vertical The fixed-point displacement meets the processing requirements of the workpiece. Limit switches are set on the four surfaces of the function conversion support to prevent the function conversion device from interfering with the structural frame or the driving device during rapid movement, causing damage to the instrument. Affect the machining accuracy and cause danger.

The processing devices that can be modularly replaced include 3D printing devices, laser processing devices, numerical control processing devices, ultrasonic processing devices, electron beam processing devices, electric discharge processing devices and plasma processing devices. The 3D printing device includes a heating device and an extrusion device. The 3D printing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, the power supply requirement is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface, so that the 3D printing device can follow the Corresponding instructions realize 3D printing processing operations; the laser processing device includes a laser emitting head, which gathers laser light with high parallelism and high energy density onto the surface of the workpiece for thermal processing. The diameter of the laser spot can reach below 1um, which can For very fine processing, it can realize laser drilling, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser shock strengthening treatment. The laser processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, and the power supply requirement is realized through the power interface The information transmission is realized through the information control interface, so that the laser processing device can realize the laser processing operation according to the corresponding instructions; the numerical control processing device includes the numerical control processing spindle and the processing tool, and the numerical control processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot On the top, the power supply demand is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface. The lower end of the CNC machining spindle can replace various processing tools, so that milling, planing, drilling, grinding, boring, reaming, etc. can be realized according to the corresponding instructions. CNC machining operations such as tapping; the ultrasonic processing device includes an ultrasonic generating device and an ultrasonic processing head. The ultrasonic generating device emits mechanical waves with a frequency of 20000Hz-50000Hz. Due to the high frequency and short wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, it has good directionality and penetrating ability. The ultrasonic frequency electrical oscillation signal generated by the ultrasonic generating device is converted into ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration through the transducer, and drives the ultrasonic processing head to perform ultrasonic vibration, which can realize ultrasonic cutting, ultrasonic grinding, ultrasonic finishing, Ultrasonic plastic processing and abrasive impact processing, the ultrasonic processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, the power supply demand is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface, so that the ultrasonic processing device can follow the corresponding instructions Ultrasonic processing operations are realized; the electron beam processing device includes a concentrated energy electron generator, which uses the concentrated electron beam to impact a very small area on the surface of the workpiece at a very high speed, and in an extreme time, most of its energy It is converted into heat energy, causing local melting or gasification of the material, which can realize the drilling, etching, welding and heat treatment of the workpiece. The electron beam processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, and through the power interface Realize the power supply demand, and realize the information transmission through the information control interface, so that the electron beam processing device can realize the electron beam processing operation according to the corresponding instructions; Phenomena to remove excess metal, so as to achieve the purpose of workpiece processing, mainly used for punching die EDM, cavity mold EDM, small hole EDM and special-shaped hole EDM, EDM device through the clamping card The slot is firmly fixed on the function conversion support, and the power supply demand is realized through the power interface, and the information control interface is realized The information transmission enables the EDM device to realize the EDM operation according to the corresponding instructions; the plasma processing device includes a plasma heat source and an air compressor. Melting, the melted metal is blown away by high-speed airflow, thereby forming a narrow slit. The plasma processing device can be used for cutting metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, cast iron, carbon steel, etc., with fast cutting speed, narrow slit, and flat incision. , small heat-affected zone and low workpiece deformation, the plasma processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, the power supply demand is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface, so that the plasma processing device The plasma processing operation can be realized according to the corresponding instructions.

The advantage of the utility model device is that

1. This project is to design and manufacture a multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials. This device is easy to use, efficient in processing, saving materials and high in economy;

2. The all-in-one machine for adding and subtracting materials can choose one or several suitable processing methods according to customer needs for rapid modeling, forming and precision processing of small workpieces;

3. The multi-function processing machine for adding and subtracting materials can realize one-time clamping of the workpiece, that is, it can realize multi-process processing at a single station, saving auxiliary processing time such as positioning, installation, debugging, and intermediate transfer, and avoiding The secondary positioning error of repeated clamping provides a feasible technical solution for compound precision machining and manufacturing;

4. The 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing device, ultrasonic processing device, electron beam processing device, EDM device and plasma processing device can be modularly replaced on the function conversion device. When the processing method is changed, the The cost of replacing large-scale processing equipment, and the function expansion of other processing devices can be carried out on the function conversion device;

5. Through the slic3r software, the STL file is converted into Geode code, and the same workpiece can be processed collaboratively with 3D printing, laser engraving, numerical control processing, ultrasonic processing, electron beam processing, EDM and plasma processing;

6. The processing code can be written in advance, through the offline processing data interface, the operation button and display device can be used to adjust the state of the device, and the offline operation can be performed directly, which greatly improves the efficiency of workpiece processing.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram (1) of the present utility model;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model (2);

Fig. 3 is the upper part schematic diagram of the utility model;

Fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of the bottom of the utility model;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working platform;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of numerical control device;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a function conversion device;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a processing device that can be modularly replaced;

Explanation of symbols in the figure:

1: Structural frame, 2: Driving device, 3: Working platform, 4: Numerical control device, 5: Function conversion device

101: Bottom support, 102: Vertical support, 103: Upper beam, 104: Y direction driving auxiliary beam, 105: Numerical control device fixed beam, 106: Z direction driving auxiliary beam

201: X-direction drive motor, 202: X-direction conveyor belt, 203: X-direction screw, 204: X-direction guide rail, 205: X-direction slider, 206: Y-direction drive motor, 207: Y-direction conveyor belt, 208: Y-direction Lead screw, 209: Y direction guide rail, 210: Y direction slider, 211: Z direction drive motor, 212: Z direction conveyor belt, 213: Z direction screw, 214: Z direction guide rail

301: slider in Z direction, 302: frame of platform structure, 303: plane to be processed, 304: limit switch

401: LCD display, 402: emergency stop button, 403: operation button, 404: offline processing data interface

501: X-direction connecting guide rail, 502: Y-direction connecting guide rail, 503: clamping card slot, 504: signal control interface, 505: power supply interface

601: device clamping slot, 602: device information control interface, 603: device power interface.

Detailed ways

In the following, the integrated machine for adding and subtracting materials proposed by the utility model will be further described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and characteristics of the utility model will be more clearly understood in combination with the above specification and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use imprecise ratios, which are only used to facilitate and clearly illustrate the purpose of the embodiment of the present utility model.

The multifunctional processing integrated machine for adding and subtracting materials proposed by the utility model includes a structural frame, a driving device, a working platform, a numerical control device, a function converting device and a modularly replaceable processing device. The size of the structural frame of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials is 450mm*450mm*700mm. The structural frame includes a bottom support, a vertical support, an upper beam and an auxiliary beam. The bottom support 101 includes 3-6 profiles of 450mm, 3 - The 6 profiles are connected by right-angled connecting keys to form a stable frame structure, which is placed at the bottom of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials to form the bottom support. The upper beam 103 includes 3-6 profiles of 450mm, and 3-6 profiles Connected by right-angled connection keys to form a stable frame structure, placed on the top of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials to form the upper beam, the vertical support 102 includes 3-5 vertical supports of 700mm, connected to the upper end by right-angled connection keys The crossbeam and the bottom support together constitute the external frame of the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials. Rubber washers are arranged at the edge of the bottom support and the upper crossbeam to prevent accidental injuries from sharp edges, especially on the bottom surface of the bottom frame. Gaskets are used to prevent machining deviation caused by vibration during processing, thereby affecting machining accuracy. Auxiliary beams are divided into driving auxiliary beams and numerical control device fixed beams, including Y direction driving auxiliary beams 104, Z direction driving auxiliary beams 106 and numerical control devices. Fix the crossbeam 105, and the auxiliary crossbeam 104 for driving in the Y direction is arranged on the back of the upper crossbeam and connected with the vertical support. The motor, the auxiliary beam 106 driven in the Z direction is arranged on the bottom support, and is on the same level as the bottom support, and the two ends of the auxiliary beam driven in the Z direction are connected with the bottom support through a right-angled connection key to ensure the stability of the drive motor in the Z direction , the auxiliary beam 105 of the numerical control device is arranged on the front surface of the upper beam, and the two ends of the auxiliary beam of the numerical control device are connected to the frame by right-angled connecting keys to form a stable frame structure, which can ensure the stability of the numerical control device during processing. The driving device is divided into an X-direction driving device, a Y-direction driving device and a Z-direction driving device. The X-direction driving device includes an X-direction driving motor 201, an X-direction conveyor belt 202, an X-direction screw 203, an X-direction guide rail 204 and an X-direction slider 205, the X-direction driving motor 201 is installed on the right end surface of the upper beam, the X-direction screw 203 is respectively installed on the upper beam through the support bearing, and the X-direction guide rail 204 is also installed on the front and rear beams through the support bearing. Distributed along the X direction, the X direction drive motor and the X direction screw are connected by a conveyor belt, so that the power of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the screw, and an X direction slider is arranged on the X direction lead screw and the X direction guide rail 205, the slider forms a cooperative relationship with the thread on the screw through the threaded hole, the guide rail can support the weight of the slider, reduce the wear of the screw thread, and then convert the rotation of the screw into the movement of the slider, so the drive motor Driven under the control of the numerical control device, the X-direction slider can be controlled to perform orientation and fixed-point sliding along the X direction; the Y-direction drive device includes a Y-direction drive motor 206, a Y-direction conveyor belt 207, a Y-direction screw 208, and a Y-direction drive. The direction guide rail 209 and the Y direction slider 210, the Y direction drive motor 206 are installed on the right end face of the upper end beam, the Y direction screw 208 is respectively installed on the upper end beam through the support bearing, and the Y direction guide rail 209 is also installed through the support bearing On the front and rear beams, both are distributed along the Y direction, and the drive motor in the Y direction is connected to the Y direction lead screw through a conveyor belt, so that the power of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the lead screw. The guide rail is provided with a Y-direction slider 210, and the slider forms a cooperative relationship with the thread on the lead screw through the threaded hole. The guide rail can support the weight of the slider, reduce the wear of the lead screw thread, and then convert the rotation of the lead screw to slide. Therefore, under the drive of the drive motor, under the control of the numerical control device, the slider in the Y direction can be controlled to perform orientation and fixed-point sliding along the Y direction; the Z-direction drive device includes a Z-direction drive motor 211, and a Z-direction conveyor belt 212 , the Z-direction screw 213 and the Z-direction guide rail 214, the Z-direction drive motor 211 is arranged on the Z-direction driving auxiliary beam, the Z-direction screw 213 is installed on the front and rear surfaces of the bottom support through the support bearing, and the Z-direction guide rail 214 also passes through The support bearing is installed on the inner side of the vertical bracket, both of which are distributed along the Z direction and are symmetrical to the center. The drive motor in the Z direction and the lead screw in the Z direction are connected by a conveyor belt, so that the rotation of the drive motor can be converted into the rotation of the lead screw. Rotation, under the control of the numerical control device, can make the working platform set on the Z-direction screw and Z-direction guide rail move along the Z-direction for orientation and fixed point. The working platform includes a platform structure frame 302, a plane to be processed 303, and a Z-direction slider 301. The Z-direction slider 301 cooperates with the Z-direction screw 213 through a threaded hole. The rotation is converted into the movement of the slider 301 in the Z direction, while the slider in the Z direction passes through the guide rail 214 in the Z direction, which can ensure smoothness and stability during the movement of the slider. The platform structure frame 302 and the slider in the Z direction are set together to ensure The structure frame will rise and fall synchronously with the lift of the slider in the Z direction. The plane to be processed 303 is set on the frame of the platform structure, and is connected to the frame of the platform structure through the leveling bolts of the plane to be processed to ensure the level of the plane to be processed. The maximum displacement in the Z direction of the plane is 600mm, and four limit switches 304 are set at the top corners of the platform structure frame to prevent the working platform from interfering with the structure frame or the driving device during the moving process, affecting the normal use of the equipment . The numerical control device includes an input device, a memory, a controller, an arithmetic unit and an output device, the input device includes an emergency stop button 402, an operation button 403 and an off-line processing data interface 404, and the output device includes an LCD display screen 401 and a drive motor in the drive device , emergency stop button, operation button, LCD display and offline processing data interface are set on the front panel of the numerical control device, connected with the fixed beam and vertical support of the numerical control device, LCD display, emergency stop button, operation button, offline The processing data interface is set on the front panel of the CNC device. The overall size of the panel is 30mm*50mm*2mm. The LCD display 401 can monitor the current processing method, estimated processing time, elapsed processing time, and temperature of the 3D printing nozzle during the processing process. , laser processing path, NC processing form, ultrasonic processing status, electron beam processing status, EDM status and plasma processing status, etc. can be displayed in real time, and the current machine working status can be fed back in real time. When an emergency occurs during the processing, the user can By activating the emergency stop button 402 to achieve the purpose of protecting the equipment and ensuring the safety of personnel, the operation button 403 is mainly used to select the operation options in the LCD display, which can realize the horizontal calibration of the working platform, send the initial command and offline processing, etc. A series of operations, the off-line processing data interface 404 is mainly used for off-line processing, the processing code is written in advance and stored in the SD card, the processing code is read through the off-line processing data interface, and the workpiece is directly processed to realize off-line processing. The machine operation greatly improves the processing efficiency. The drive circuit adopts the motor drive chip, and the electric pulse signal is converted into angular displacement or linear displacement, and the drive current can be adjusted, and the forward and reverse function of the motor is realized. The electronic part adopts AVR processing based on Mega2560 The integrated control board of the controller, Atmega2560 as the main control chip, cooperates with the high-performance USB chip ATmega16u2, to achieve compatibility with all RAMPS related firmware, you can use a personal computer to control the multi-function processing machine for adding and subtracting materials through a USB cable connection or directly by USB The interface is connected to the U disk for firmware upgrade and parameter configuration. It is easy to use. The CNC control system uses embedded software to analyze the CNC code generated by the mainstream CNC software and process the parts. At the same time, with the protection of the panel, it can effectively avoid When the chip and interface are damaged during use, the numerical control device receives the information of the input medium, identifies, stores and calculates its code, and outputs the corresponding command pulse to drive the drive device, and then controls the multifunctional processing machine for adding and subtracting materials. work. The function conversion device includes a connecting guide rail and a function conversion support. The X direction connecting guide rail 501 is connected to the X direction slider 205, which can ensure that the X direction connecting guide rail will move with the movement of the X direction slider, and the Y direction connecting guide rail 502 is connected to the Y direction. The slider 210 can ensure that the connecting guide rail in the Y direction will move with the movement of the slider in the Y direction, and a function conversion support 504 is provided at the intersection of the connecting guide rail in the X direction and the connecting guide rail in the Y direction, so as to transfer the movement of the slider On the function conversion support, a clamping slot 503, an information control interface 504, and a power supply interface 505 are arranged on the function conversion support for modular replacement of processing devices. The processing devices that can be modularly replaced include 3D printing devices , laser processing device, numerical control processing device, ultrasonic processing device, electron beam processing device, electric discharge processing device and plasma processing device, under the control of the numerical control device, the function conversion device will realize the movement of the specified path, so that the processing device can also Realize horizontal and vertical fixed-point displacement to meet the processing requirements of the workpiece. Four limit switches are set on the four surfaces of the conversion device to prevent the function conversion device from interfering with the structural frame or the driving device during rapid movement. Cause damage to the instrument, affect the processing accuracy and cause danger. Modular replacement processing devices mainly include 3D printing devices, laser processing devices, numerical control processing devices, ultrasonic processing devices, electron beam processing devices, EDM devices and plasma processing devices, and the clamping slots of modular replacement processing devices 601 cooperates with the clamping slot 503 of the function conversion device to fix different processing devices. Through the device information control interface 602, the information transmission to the device can be realized, and the specific processing operation requirements can be completed. The device power interface 603 can control ultrasonic processing. The device, the electron beam processing device, the electric spark processing device and the plasma processing device realize the specific power supply to complete the processing of the workpiece.

Example 1

The 3D printing device includes a heating device and an extrusion device. The 3D printing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, the power supply requirement is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface, so that the 3D printing device can Follow the corresponding instructions to realize 3D printing processing operations. The nozzle material of the 3D printing device is brass, and the nozzle diameter is 0.2mm-0.5mm to choose from. It supports PLA, ABS, nylon and other consumables. The temperature of the printing nozzle is set to 210°C during printing. Between -230°C, the maximum diameter of the print size is 280mm, the height is 350mm, the thickness of the printing layer is 0.1mm-0.3mm, the printing speed is 10-300mm/s, and the temperature of the hot bed is 110°C-120°C. Parts are converted into STL format for printing, which can print parts with very complex structures. At the same time, through additive technology, the cycle and cost of single-piece test pieces and small-batch production parts can be reduced, which is especially suitable for new product development and single-piece small batches. The production of parts, and the parts printed by 3D printing are much higher than traditional processing methods in terms of structural stability and connection strength.

Example 2

The laser processing device includes a laser emitting head, which gathers high-parallel, high-energy-density laser light onto the surface of the workpiece for thermal processing. The diameter of the laser spot can reach less than 1um, so it can perform very fine processing and realize Laser drilling, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser shock strengthening treatment, the laser processing device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot, the power supply demand is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface , so that the laser processing device can realize the laser processing operation according to the corresponding instructions. The laser wavelength used by the laser processing device is 445nm (blue light), and the laser power is 300mw, 500mw, 1000mw, 1600mw to choose from. 0.5mm, the lens adopts special optical coating glass, the laser speed is 0.1-0.5m/s, the processing accuracy can reach 0.02mm, the maximum processing depth is 10mm, the laser processing adopts non-contact processing method, which will not cause mechanical extrusion to the material Pressure or mechanical stress, so there are no "knife marks", no damage to the surface of the workpiece, and no deformation of the material.

Example 3

The CNC machining device includes a CNC machining spindle and a machining tool. The CNC machining device is firmly fixed on the function conversion support through the clamping slot. The power supply requirement is realized through the power interface, and the information transmission is realized through the information control interface. The lower end of the CNC machining spindle can be Replacement of various processing tools, equipped with 15 processing tools, so that milling, drilling, grinding, boring, reaming, tapping and other CNC processing operations can be realized according to the corresponding instructions. The spindle speed of the CNC processing device is 300-500r/min , the maximum diameter of end milling is 10mm, the spindle taper hole is BT4-15mm, the diameter of the machining hole is 2-10mm, the positioning accuracy can reach 300mm/+0.075mm, and various processing operations can be realized. The point control function is mainly used for The hole processing of the workpiece, such as center positioning, drilling, reaming, boring and other hole processing, the continuous processing function is to process the plane and curved surface of the processed parts, the processing roundness is ≤0.03mm, the processing quality of the workpiece is stable, and it has Higher precision.

Example 4

The ultrasonic processing device includes an ultrasonic generating device and an ultrasonic processing head. The ultrasonic generating device emits mechanical waves with a frequency of 20000Hz-50000Hz. 0.1mm, and drive the ultrasonic machining head to do ultrasonic vibration, impacting the surface of the workpiece at a very high speed, the workpiece material is destroyed and falls off under the impact of abrasives, ultrasonic processing is the comprehensive result of mechanical impact, polishing, and cavitation, and can be realized For ultrasonic grinding processing, ultrasonic finishing processing, ultrasonic plastic processing and abrasive impact processing of workpieces, the surface roughness Ra value of processed workpieces is 0.4-0.8μm, the roundness of processed workpieces can reach 0.035mm, and the dimensional accuracy of processed workpieces can reach IT6 , the straightness can reach 0.01mm, after ultrasonic finishing, the surface structure of the workpiece is re-nano-arranged, and the surface roughness of the workpiece is improved. After the workpiece is processed, the plasticity is restored, and the fatigue strength, fatigue life and corrosion resistance of the workpiece Significantly improved, and no cracking, delamination and other phenomena.

Example 5

The electron beam processing device includes a concentrated electron generator, which uses the concentrated electron beam to impact on a very small area of the workpiece surface at a very high speed. In an extreme time, most of its energy is converted into heat energy, causing Partial melting or gasification of materials can realize drilling, etching, welding and heat treatment of workpieces. The positioning accuracy of electron beam welding is ±0.02mm, the power supply voltage specification is 220V/single phase/50Hz, and the current is 10A. The depth can be precisely controlled within the range of 0.05-10mm. During high-power welding, the aspect ratio can reach 5:1, and the highest can reach 10:1. The heat-affected zone of the workpiece welded by electron beam is small, the welding speed is fast, and it can be precisely controlled , the focus spot is small, it can be positioned with high precision, it is easy to realize automation, and the surface of the welding seam is bright and beautiful, without oxidation. Example 6

The EDM device includes an EDM, which removes excess metal through the electric corrosion phenomenon generated when the EDM discharges, so as to achieve the purpose of processing the workpiece. It is mainly used for die EDM, cavity mold EDM, Small hole EDM and special-shaped hole EDM, the maximum processing speed of the EDM device can reach 220mm/min, the maximum cutting thickness is 60mm, the maximum processing current is 8A, and the wire diameter range is Ф0.10-Ф0.22mm , the machining accuracy is ±0.015mm, the maximum cutting slope is ±3°, the taper is ±3°, the surface roughness is ≦2.5um, EDM has no cutting force, EDM is the processing of converting electrical energy into heat energy, machining electrodes Keep a distance of 0.02 ~ 0.3mm from the workpiece, so it is not affected by the cutting force. When processing thin-walled and micro-cavity workpieces, it can achieve micron-level precision and high surface quality. The highest surface quality can reach Ra= 0.1μm mirror surface, and EDM is suitable for processing various conductive materials, with high processing efficiency and low cost.

Example 7

The plasma processing device includes a plasma heat source and an air compressor. Through compressed air, a high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc is used as a heat source. The no-load voltage is generally 120-600V, and the metal to be cut is partially melted, and the melted metal is melted with a high-speed airflow. Blow away to form a narrow slit. The plasma processing device can be used for cutting metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, cast iron, carbon steel, etc. The speed can reach 5-6 times that of the oxygen cutting method. The input voltage/frequency of plasma cutting is 200V /50Hz, the plasma cutting current is 100A, the cutting thickness is 1-18mm, the maximum cutting speed can reach 6000mm/min, and the positioning accuracy can reach ±0.3mm. Commonly used plasma arc working gases include argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, air, water Steam and some mixed gases, plasma cutting has smooth cutting surface, small thermal deformation, and almost no heat-affected zone. .

During the processing operation, the user can choose one or several suitable processing methods to carry out rapid modeling, forming and precision processing of small parts according to the needs, providing a set of practical technical solutions for compound precision processing and manufacturing, adding and subtracting materials The multifunctional processing machine is easy to use, efficient in processing, saves materials, and has high economic efficiency.

Claims (4)

1. increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material, including structural framing, drive device, workbench, numerical control device, power and energy Device and the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization；It is horizontal that structural framing includes bottom support bracket, vertical rack, upper end floor beam and auxiliary Beam, it is connected between bottom support bracket and upper end floor beam by vertical rack；Drive device include motor, conveyer belt, leading screw, Guide rail and sliding block, drive device are divided into X-direction drive device, Y-direction drive device and Z-direction drive device, passed through in X-direction The operating of X-direction motor enables X-direction sliding block to do orientation fixed point movement in X direction, is driven in Y-direction by Y-direction The operating of motor enables Y-direction sliding block to do orientation fixed point slip along Y-direction, passes through the operating of Z-direction motor in Z-direction Enable workbench to do orientation fixed point along Z-direction to slide；Workbench includes platform structure frame and plane to be processed, to be added Work plane is connected by leveling bolt with platform structure framework, can effectively ensure the level of plane to be processed；Numerical control fills Put including input unit, memory, controller, arithmetic unit and output device, input unit include scram button, operation button and Off line process data interface, output device include LCD display and output interface, and function-changing device includes connection guide rail and work( Bearing can be changed, X-direction connection guide rail connection X-direction sliding block, Y-direction connection guide rail connection Y-direction sliding block, is connected in X-direction The intersection that guide rail connects guide rail with Y-direction is provided with power and energy bearing, be provided with power and energy bearing power interface, Information control interface and clamping neck；The processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization includes 3D printing device, laser processing device, number Control processing unit (plant), ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device；3D printing Device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and wait Ion processing unit (plant) can be with modular replacing on function-changing device；The enforcement division for the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization Part is arranged on the laser hair of the inside of increase and decrease material all-in-one multifunctional machine, i.e. the extrusion shower nozzle of 3D printing device, laser processing device Penetrate head, the main shaft of numerical control processing apparatus and cutter, the ultrasonic transducer of ultrasonic machining device and tool heads, electron beam processing apparatus Electron beam shower nozzle, the electrode of electric discharge machining apparatus and the ion beam shower nozzle of plasma process device, be arranged on increase and decrease material it is more The inside of functions machine, the display of numerical control device and control section are arranged at the outside of increase and decrease material all-in-one multifunctional machine；3D Printing equipment includes heater and extrusion device, and 3D printing device is firmly fixed to power and energy branch by clamping neck On seat, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that 3D printing device can Realize that operation is processed in 3D printing according to corresponding instruction；Laser processing device includes laser beam emitting head, and laser beam emitting head is by Gao Ping Row degree, the laser of high-energy-density are gathered on workpiece surface to carry out hot-working, the diameter of laser spot up to below 1um, Very trickle processing can be carried out, laser boring, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser impact intensified can be achieved Processing, laser processing device are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, are realized and powered by power interface Demand, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that laser processing device can realize laser according to corresponding instruction Process operation；Numerical control processing apparatus includes digital control processing main shaft and process tool, and numerical control processing apparatus is firm by clamping neck Be fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface, The lower end of digital control processing main shaft can change various process tools, so as to realize milling, brill, mill, boring according to corresponding instruction The digital control processing operation such as hole, fraising, tapping；Ultrasonic machining device includes ultrasonic generator and Ultrasonic machining head, ultrasound hair Generating apparatus sends mechanical wave of the frequency in 20000Hz-50000Hz, because ultrasonic frequency is high, wavelength is short, therefore with good Directionality and penetration capacity, supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal is changed into superaudible by transducer caused by ultrasonic generator Mechanical oscillation, and drive Ultrasonic machining head to do ultrasonic vibration, it is possible to achieve ultrasonic cutting processing, ultrasonic grinding to workpiece add Work, ultrasonic skin processing, ultrasonic plastic processing and abrasive material impact processing, ultrasonic machining device are firmly fixed by clamping neck On power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that be super Sound processing unit (plant) can realize Ultrasonic machining operation according to corresponding instruction；Electron beam processing apparatus occurs including cumulative electronics Device, using the electron beam after cumulative, with high velocity shock to the minimum area of workpiece surface, within the extreme time, The major part of its energy is changed into heat energy, causes the local melting of material or gasification, punching, etching, the weldering to workpiece can be achieved Connect and be heat-treated, electron beam processing apparatus is firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, passes through power interface Power demands are realized, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that electron beam processing apparatus can be according to finger accordingly Electron beam process operation is realized in order；Electric discharge machining apparatus includes spark discharge device, is produced when being discharged by spark discharge device Raw galvanic corrosion phenomenon removes unnecessary metal, reaches the purpose to work pieces process, is mainly used in punch die electrical discharge machining, die cavity Mould electrical discharge machining, aperture electrical discharge machining and profiled holes electrical discharge machining, electric discharge machining apparatus are firm by clamping neck Be fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface, Electric discharge machining apparatus is enabled to realize electrical discharge machining operation according to corresponding instruction；Plasma process device include wait from Sub- thermal source and air compressor, by compressed air, while using the plasma arc of high temperature and high speed as thermal source, by cut metal Local melting, molten metal is blown away with high velocity air, so as to form narrow joint-cutting, plasma process device can be used for not The metal materials such as steel, aluminium, copper, cast iron, carbon steel that become rusty are cut, with cutting speed is fast, joint-cutting is narrow, otch is smooth, heat affected area Small advantage, the plasma process device such as low with workpiece degree of deformation are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, Power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that plasma process device can Plasma process operation is realized according to corresponding instruction.

2. the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described motor is step Stepper motor or servomotor.

3. the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Numerical control device is deposited with power-off Store up function, it is possible to achieve de- machining operation.

4. the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material according to any one in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Avoid The repeated clamping of work pieces process, using increasing and decreasing material integration process technology, it is possible to achieve integrated modelling, shaping to workpiece and Processing.