CN206709321U - A kind of central air conditioning cooling water system efficiency on-line measurement and control system - Google Patents
A kind of central air conditioning cooling water system efficiency on-line measurement and control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统,空调冷却水系统包括冷水机组、冷却塔和水泵,系统包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元和数据处理单元,数据采集单元用于获取冷却水循环系统的各种基础数据,无线传输单元将数据采集单元采集的各种基础数据进行发送并传输到数据处理单元,数据处理单元对接收到的基础数据进行存储、计算、分析和显示,得出冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率并实时生成参数变化曲线,当监测到参数数值出现急剧变化或者超出设定限值范围时,给出对应的报警提示并诊断异常原因,给出操作反馈策略。本实用新型能够在线测试冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率,找出最优的系统流量,使得冷却水系统总能耗最小。
The utility model provides an energy efficiency online test control system for a central air-conditioning cooling water system. The air-conditioning cooling water system includes a chiller, a cooling tower and a water pump. The system includes a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit and a data processing unit. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire For various basic data of the cooling water circulation system, the wireless transmission unit sends and transmits various basic data collected by the data acquisition unit to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit stores, calculates, analyzes and displays the received basic data to obtain Monitor the energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower and generate parameter change curves in real time. When a sudden change in the parameter value is detected or exceeds the set limit range, a corresponding alarm prompt is given and the cause of the abnormality is diagnosed, and an operation feedback strategy is given. . The utility model can test the energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower on-line, find out the optimal system flow rate, and minimize the total energy consumption of the cooling water system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及中央空调冷却水系统技术领域,具体涉及一种中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of central air-conditioning cooling water systems, in particular to an energy efficiency online test control system for central air-conditioning cooling water systems.
背景技术Background technique
随着生活水平的提高,人们对室内环境的要求越来越高,空调系统的总能耗占建筑能耗的比例逐步升高,各子系统的能耗比例不断地变化。对于民用建筑而言,空调系统占建筑物的总运行能耗的30%~50%,空调水系统的耗电量又约占空调总耗电量的15%~20%。对整个系统而言,降低部分负荷下水泵输送能耗具有较大的节能潜力。因此提高供回水温差,降低系统水流量,减少水泵运行能耗,进而实现整个系统的节能运行,在实际工程应用中具有重大的意义。而冷却水系统是建筑空调系统中的主要功能部分,冷却水系统的运行能耗在整个空调系统能耗中所占比例相当可观。在大多数冷却水系统中,通常使用冷却塔来达到系统排热的目的。这种类型的冷却水系统,针对某一特定负荷下,通常采用调整冷凝器的进水温度,改变运行冷却塔的台数和风机转速,同时改变冷却水泵的运行台数和频率,找出它们之间的最优控制策略,使冷却水系统的能耗最小。因此根据中央空调负荷变化对水系统进行变流量控制,毫无疑问将会带来相当可观的节能效果。With the improvement of living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for indoor environment, the proportion of total energy consumption of air conditioning system in building energy consumption is gradually increasing, and the proportion of energy consumption of each subsystem is constantly changing. For civil buildings, the air conditioning system accounts for 30% to 50% of the total energy consumption of the building, and the power consumption of the air conditioning water system accounts for about 15% to 20% of the total power consumption of the air conditioner. For the whole system, reducing the energy consumption of water pumping under partial load has great potential for energy saving. Therefore, it is of great significance in practical engineering applications to increase the temperature difference between supply and return water, reduce the water flow rate of the system, reduce the energy consumption of water pump operation, and then realize the energy-saving operation of the entire system. The cooling water system is the main functional part of the building air conditioning system, and the operating energy consumption of the cooling water system accounts for a considerable proportion of the energy consumption of the entire air conditioning system. In most cooling water systems, cooling towers are usually used to remove heat from the system. This type of cooling water system, for a specific load, usually adjusts the inlet water temperature of the condenser, changes the number of cooling towers and fan speeds, and changes the number and frequency of cooling water pumps at the same time to find out the difference between them. The optimal control strategy to minimize the energy consumption of the cooling water system. Therefore, the variable flow control of the water system according to the change of the central air-conditioning load will undoubtedly bring considerable energy-saving effects.
随着我国工业的不断发展,对能源利用、开发和节约的要求不断提高,因而对中央空调节能的要求也不断加强,对冷却水系统,特别是冷却塔的换热能力的重视日益提高,对其冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率的综合评定也提上了日程。在国务院印发的《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》中指出围绕应用面广、节能潜力大的工业领域,实施重大技术装备产业化示范工程。 到2015年,高效节能技术与装备市场占有率提高到30%左右,创新能力和装备开发能力接近国际先进水平。《节能减排“十二五”规划》中更是明确指出,推动能效水平提高首先要加强工业节能,坚持走新型工业化道路,通过明确目标任务、加强行业指导、推动技术进步、强化监督管理,推进工业重点行业节能。因此对中央空调水系统进行运行效率测试和节能评估方法的研究显得尤为重要,对建筑节能减排具有十分重要的指导意义和实践作用。With the continuous development of my country's industry, the requirements for energy utilization, development and conservation are constantly increasing, so the requirements for central air-conditioning energy conservation are also continuously strengthened, and the cooling water system, especially the heat exchange capacity of the cooling tower, is increasingly valued. The comprehensive evaluation of the energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower has also been put on the agenda. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan issued by the State Council, it is pointed out that major technical equipment industrialization demonstration projects will be implemented around industrial fields with wide application and great energy-saving potential. By 2015, the market share of high-efficiency energy-saving technology and equipment will increase to about 30%, and the innovation ability and equipment development ability will approach the international advanced level. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction" clearly pointed out that to promote the improvement of energy efficiency, we must first strengthen industrial energy conservation and adhere to the new road of industrialization. By clarifying goals and tasks, strengthening industry guidance, promoting technological progress, and strengthening supervision and management, Promote energy conservation in key industrial sectors. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the operation efficiency test and energy-saving evaluation method of the central air-conditioning water system, which has very important guiding significance and practical effect on building energy-saving and emission reduction.
当前,节能减排工作的重点在于构建能源计量数据系统、强化能源计量工作、实施能源精细化管理,这也是节能减排的重要基石。能源计量是指在能源消费、转化等流程中,对处于各环节(包括能源生产、运输、使用、监管等各个领域)的能源数量、质量、性能等参数进行检测、度量和计算。其中的重点就是能源计量数据的采集,物联网技术作为一项新兴的技术,在能源计量数据采集技术中起着巨大的作用,同时占据着重要的地位。将物联网技术的数据感知和传输应用到能源计量中去,以较低的投资和使用成本实现对能源全流程的“泛在感知”,获取以往无法获取的重要能源消耗过程参数,并以此为基础通过大数据分析和决策,达到节能减排的目标。At present, the focus of energy conservation and emission reduction work is to build an energy measurement data system, strengthen energy measurement work, and implement refined energy management, which is also an important cornerstone of energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy measurement refers to the detection, measurement and calculation of energy quantity, quality, performance and other parameters in various links (including energy production, transportation, use, supervision and other fields) in the process of energy consumption and transformation. The key point is the collection of energy metering data. As an emerging technology, the Internet of Things technology plays a huge role in energy metering data collection technology and occupies an important position at the same time. Apply the data perception and transmission of the Internet of Things technology to energy metering, realize the "ubiquitous perception" of the entire energy process with low investment and use costs, obtain important energy consumption process parameters that were previously unobtainable, and use this Based on big data analysis and decision-making, the goal of energy saving and emission reduction is achieved.
本实用新型的发明人经过研究发现,考虑到中央空调冷却机组及其冷冻水系统、风系统一般由生产企业直接负责生产和安装,而循环冷却水系统中的设备,包括水泵、冷却塔等一般在用户当地采购安装,虽然选型时确保了中央空调的安全和可靠运行,但是不可避免存在水系统安全裕量过大的问题,造成了不必要的能源浪费。另外,冷水机组作为中央空调系统的冷源,是系统中最重要的设备,而冷水机组能耗占整个空调系统能耗的比例最大,且冷水机组绝大部分时间处于部分负荷状态,满负荷运行时间很少,因此处理部分负荷下冷水机组的冷却水循环系统及与水泵和冷却塔等部件的节能优化问题,成为目前亟待解决的技术问题。The inventor of the utility model has found through research that considering that the central air-conditioning cooling unit and its chilled water system and wind system are generally directly responsible for production and installation by the manufacturer, and the equipment in the circulating cooling water system, including water pumps, cooling towers, etc. Procurement and installation in the user's local area, although the safe and reliable operation of the central air conditioner is ensured during model selection, but there is inevitably the problem of excessive safety margin of the water system, resulting in unnecessary waste of energy. In addition, as the cooling source of the central air-conditioning system, the chiller is the most important equipment in the system, and the energy consumption of the chiller accounts for the largest proportion of the energy consumption of the entire air-conditioning system, and the chiller is in a partial load state most of the time and operates at full load There is very little time, so dealing with the cooling water circulation system of the chiller under partial load and the energy-saving optimization of components such as water pumps and cooling towers has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有技术存在的技术问题,本实用新型结合中央空调冷却水循环系统能耗及运行参数监测,提出一种基于物联网技术的中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统。该系统应用物联网技术实现机组、冷却水系统电耗和制冷量等参数的现场采集与远程传输,能够在线监测中央空调冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率等数据,并结合模糊算法和专家库模型评估系统运行效率下降的原因,给出优化控制参考策略实现在线诊断功能,找出在满足所需冷负荷的情况下最优的系统流量,使得冷却主机功耗、水泵功耗和风机功耗之和最低。Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model combines the energy consumption and operating parameter monitoring of the central air-conditioning cooling water circulation system, and proposes an online test control system for energy efficiency of the central air-conditioning cooling water system based on Internet of Things technology. The system applies the Internet of Things technology to realize on-site collection and remote transmission of parameters such as power consumption and cooling capacity of the unit and cooling water system. The model evaluates the reasons for the decline in system operating efficiency, and provides an optimal control reference strategy to realize the online diagnosis function, and find out the optimal system flow rate under the condition of meeting the required cooling load, so that the power consumption of the cooling host, the power consumption of the water pump and the power consumption of the fan The sum is the lowest.
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型采用了如下的技术方案:In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
一种中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统,所述空调冷却水系统包括冷水机组、冷却塔和水泵,所述系统包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元和数据处理单元;其中,A central air-conditioning cooling water system energy efficiency online test control system, the air-conditioning cooling water system includes chillers, cooling towers and water pumps, the system includes a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit and a data processing unit; wherein,
所述数据采集单元用于获取包括冷却水循环系统的温度、管道压力、流量、冷却塔风机和水泵的频率及电耗、冷却主机的电耗、冷却塔风量以及室外温湿度在内的基础数据;The data acquisition unit is used to obtain basic data including the temperature of the cooling water circulation system, pipeline pressure, flow rate, frequency and power consumption of cooling tower fans and water pumps, power consumption of cooling hosts, cooling tower air volume, and outdoor temperature and humidity;
所述无线传输单元包括无线发送模块和无线接收模块,所述无线发送模块用于将数据采集单元采集的各种基础数据进行发送,所述无线接收模块用于接收各种基础数据并传输到数据处理单元;The wireless transmission unit includes a wireless sending module and a wireless receiving module, the wireless sending module is used to send various basic data collected by the data acquisition unit, and the wireless receiving module is used to receive various basic data and transmit to the data processing unit;
所述数据处理单元包括服务器和显示器,所述服务器用于对无线接收模块传输的各种基础数据进行存储、计算和分析,得出冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率并实时生成参数变化曲线,当监测到参数变化曲线数值出现急剧变化或者超出设定限值范围时,对相应参数进行突出显示并进行报警提示,所述显示器用于对服务器接收的各种基础数据和结果数据进行集中显示。The data processing unit includes a server and a display, and the server is used to store, calculate and analyze various basic data transmitted by the wireless receiving module, obtain the energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower, and generate a parameter change curve in real time, When it is detected that the value of the parameter change curve changes sharply or exceeds the set limit range, the corresponding parameter is highlighted and an alarm prompt is given. The display is used for centralized display of various basic data and result data received by the server.
进一步,所述数据采集单元包括用于获取冷却水循环系统温度的温度传感器,用于获取管道压力的压力变送器,用于获取冷却塔进口管路流量的流量计,用于获取冷却塔风机和水泵频率的变频器,用于获取冷却塔风机、水泵和冷却 主机电耗的三相功率计或电能表,用于获取冷却塔风机叶轮风压的微压计,以及用于获取室外温湿度的温湿度传感器。Further, the data acquisition unit includes a temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature of the cooling water circulation system, a pressure transmitter for obtaining the pipeline pressure, a flow meter for obtaining the flow rate of the cooling tower inlet pipeline, and a flow meter for obtaining the cooling tower fan and The frequency converter of the water pump, the three-phase power meter or electric energy meter used to obtain the power consumption of the cooling tower fan, water pump and cooling host, the micromanometer used to obtain the wind pressure of the cooling tower fan impeller, and the external temperature and humidity meter Temperature and humidity sensor.
进一步,所述温度传感器为热电阻或热电偶。Further, the temperature sensor is a thermal resistance or a thermocouple.
进一步,所述流量计为超声波流量计或电磁流量计。Further, the flowmeter is an ultrasonic flowmeter or an electromagnetic flowmeter.
进一步,所述温湿度传感器设置点为:机械式通风冷却塔时布置一处测点距地面1.5~2.0米处,距塔30~50米;自然通风冷却塔时均匀布置2~6处测点在进风口高度的1/2处,距塔15~30米的圆周上。Further, the setting point of the temperature and humidity sensor is: when a mechanical ventilation cooling tower is used, a measuring point is arranged 1.5 to 2.0 meters away from the ground, and 30 to 50 meters away from the tower; when a natural ventilation cooling tower is used, 2 to 6 measuring points are evenly arranged At 1/2 of the height of the air inlet, on the circumference of 15 to 30 meters from the tower.
进一步,所述无线发送模块和无线接收模块为WIFI模块、蓝牙模块或GPRS模块。Further, the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module are WIFI modules, Bluetooth modules or GPRS modules.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型提供的中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统,重点在于借助物联网技术实现中央空调冷却循环水系统的能源数据采集,实现在综合考虑不同负荷下中央空调系统冷却水变流量(包括冷却水变频和冷却塔风机变频)相结合的情况下,使得冷却水系统的运行效率最高,能耗最小,并能够实现在效率降低的时候评估出影响因素,为系统的节能优化运行管理提供技术参考,为空调系统节能改造奠定技术基础。具体地,为了实现中央空调冷却水循环系统运行效率的在线测试,主要通过传感器采集温度、管道压力、流量及其风机和水泵的频率和电耗等基础数据,然后通过无线传输到后端的服务器分析平台,进行系统能效和冷却塔运行效率的计算和监测,以达到根据外界环境和负荷的变化,在不降低系统能效的情况下通过控制风机和水泵的频率,达到使冷却水系统总能耗最小和节约能源的目的;另一方面,通过冷却塔运行效率和流动阻力的测试,了解循环冷却塔换热能力的强弱以及水系统结垢的程度,作为循环水系统是否需要进行检修或去除内部污垢之类的维护工作的一个判据。Compared with the prior art, the central air-conditioning cooling water system energy efficiency online test control system provided by the utility model focuses on realizing the energy data collection of the central air-conditioning cooling circulating water system with the help of Internet of Things technology, and realizes the comprehensive consideration of the central air-conditioning under different loads. The combination of cooling water variable flow rate (including cooling water frequency conversion and cooling tower fan frequency conversion) makes the cooling water system operate with the highest efficiency and minimum energy consumption, and can evaluate the influencing factors when the efficiency is reduced, and provide for the system It provides technical reference for energy-saving optimization operation management, and lays a technical foundation for energy-saving transformation of air-conditioning systems. Specifically, in order to realize the online test of the operating efficiency of the central air-conditioning cooling water circulation system, the basic data such as temperature, pipeline pressure, flow rate, fan and water pump frequency and power consumption are mainly collected through sensors, and then transmitted to the back-end server analysis platform through wireless , to calculate and monitor the energy efficiency of the system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower, so as to minimize the total energy consumption of the cooling water system by controlling the frequency of fans and water pumps without reducing the energy efficiency of the system according to changes in the external environment and load. The purpose of saving energy; on the other hand, through the test of cooling tower operating efficiency and flow resistance, to understand the strength of the heat exchange capacity of the circulating cooling tower and the degree of fouling of the water system, as whether the circulating water system needs to be repaired or removed internal dirt A criterion for such maintenance work.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型提供的中央空调冷却水系统效率在线测试控制系统结构 示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the central air-conditioning cooling water system efficiency online test control system provided by the utility model.
图2是本实用新型提供的计算冷却水的最优流量的流程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of calculating the optimal flow rate of cooling water provided by the utility model.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本实用新型实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体图示,进一步阐述本实用新型。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the utility model easy to understand, the utility model will be further elaborated below in conjunction with specific illustrations.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“纵向”、“径向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。在本实用新型的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear" , "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positions shown in the drawings The relationship is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the utility model. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model in specific situations.
请参考图1所示,本实用新型提供一种中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统,所述空调冷却水系统包括冷水机组、冷却塔和水泵,所述系统包括数据采集单元、无线传输单元和数据处理单元;其中,Please refer to Fig. 1, the utility model provides a central air-conditioning cooling water system energy efficiency online test control system, the air-conditioning cooling water system includes chillers, cooling towers and pumps, the system includes a data acquisition unit, a wireless transmission unit and data processing unit; where,
所述数据采集单元用于获取包括冷却水循环系统的温度、管道压力、流量、冷却塔风机(即冷却塔中的风机)和水泵(即冷却水循环泵)的频率及电耗、冷却主机的电耗、冷却塔风量以及室外温湿度在内的基础数据;The data acquisition unit is used to obtain the temperature, pipeline pressure, flow rate, cooling tower fan (ie, the fan in the cooling tower) and water pump (ie, the cooling water circulation pump) frequency and power consumption of the cooling water circulation system, and the power consumption of the cooling host Basic data including cooling tower air volume and outdoor temperature and humidity;
所述无线传输单元包括无线发送模块和无线接收模块,所述无线发送模块 用于将数据采集单元采集的各种基础数据进行发送,所述无线接收模块用于接收各种基础数据并传输到数据处理单元;The wireless transmission unit includes a wireless sending module and a wireless receiving module, the wireless sending module is used to send various basic data collected by the data acquisition unit, and the wireless receiving module is used to receive various basic data and transmit to the data processing unit;
所述数据处理单元包括服务器和显示器,所述服务器中安装有SQL数据库以及由计算机技术塔建的数据分析平台,该分析平台具有数据存储、数据显示和控制调节等功能,所述服务器用于对无线接收模块传输的各种基础数据进行存储、计算和分析,得出冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率并实时生成参数变化曲线,当监测到参数变化曲线数值出现急剧变化或者超出设定限值范围时,对相应参数进行突出显示并进行报警提示,所述显示器用于对服务器3接收的各种基础数据和结果数据进行集中显示。The data processing unit includes a server and a display, and the server is equipped with a SQL database and a data analysis platform built by a computer technology tower. The analysis platform has functions such as data storage, data display, and control adjustment. The server is used for The various basic data transmitted by the wireless receiving module are stored, calculated and analyzed, and the energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower are obtained, and the parameter change curve is generated in real time. When the value of the parameter change curve changes sharply or exceeds the set limit range, the corresponding parameters are highlighted and an alarm prompt is given, and the display is used to centrally display various basic data and result data received by the server 3 .
作为具体实施例,所述数据采集单元包括:用于获取冷却水循环系统温度的温度传感器,该冷却水循环系统的温度是指冷却塔进出口的温度,可以是冷却水系统进出口管道内冷却水的温度,也可以是冷却塔布液槽和集液槽内冷却水的温度,具体可以采用热电阻或者热电偶温度传感器获取,精度不低于0.2级,并通过连接线传输给无线发送模块;用于获取管道压力的压力变送器,其中管道压力是指冷却水循环泵(即水泵)进出口的压力和冷却塔进口管道处的压力,通过压力传感器可对管道压力处的对应数据进行采集;用于获取冷却塔进口管路流量的流量计,具体可以采用超声波流量计或电磁流量计来采集,测试精度不低于±2%,若冷却塔进口管路上已有其他形式的流量计,可以经校准后直接采用所述形式的流量计来采集其流量数据信号;用于获取冷却塔风机和水泵频率的变频器,即塔风机和水泵的频率信号直接通过各自的变频器进行采集,变频器和无线发送模块相连接;用于获取冷却塔风机、水泵和冷却主机电耗的三相功率计或电能表,即通过三相功率计或各自的电能表读取;用于获取冷却塔风机叶轮风压的微压计,通过计算风机叶轮的风压差可以得到冷却塔风量,或者通过皮托管或风速仪测量也可计算得到冷却塔风量;以及用于获取室外温湿度的温湿度传感器,所述温湿度传感器需放置在相关规范规定的采集位置,例如依据冷却塔通风方式的不同,可分为:机械式通风冷却塔时布置一处 测点距地面1.5~2.0米处,距塔30~50米;自然通风冷却塔时均匀布置2~6处测点在进风口高度的1/2处,距塔15~30米的圆周上,由此可以较为准确地测量出冷却塔所处室外环境的温湿度。As a specific embodiment, the data acquisition unit includes: a temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature of the cooling water circulation system, the temperature of the cooling water circulation system refers to the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the cooling tower, which may be the temperature of the cooling water in the inlet and outlet pipes of the cooling water system The temperature can also be the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling tower cloth tank and the liquid collection tank. Specifically, it can be obtained by a thermal resistance or a thermocouple temperature sensor with an accuracy of not less than 0.2, and transmitted to the wireless sending module through a connecting line; The pressure transmitter is used to obtain the pipeline pressure, where the pipeline pressure refers to the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the cooling water circulation pump (ie water pump) and the pressure at the inlet pipeline of the cooling tower. The corresponding data at the pipeline pressure can be collected through the pressure sensor; The flowmeter used to obtain the flow rate of the cooling tower inlet pipeline can be collected by ultrasonic flowmeter or electromagnetic flowmeter, and the test accuracy is not less than ±2%. If there are other forms of flowmeters on the cooling tower inlet pipeline, it can After calibration, the flow meter of the above-mentioned form is directly used to collect its flow data signal; the frequency converter used to obtain the frequency of the cooling tower fan and water pump, that is, the frequency signals of the tower fan and water pump are directly collected through their respective frequency converters. The wireless transmission module is connected; it is used to obtain the three-phase power meter or electric energy meter of the cooling tower fan, water pump and cooling host power consumption, that is, read through the three-phase power meter or the respective electric energy meter; it is used to obtain the cooling tower fan impeller wind The air volume of the cooling tower can be obtained by calculating the wind pressure difference of the fan impeller, or the air volume of the cooling tower can also be calculated by measuring the pitot tube or anemometer; and the temperature and humidity sensor used to obtain the outdoor temperature and humidity, the The temperature and humidity sensor needs to be placed in the collection position specified in the relevant specifications. For example, according to the different ventilation methods of the cooling tower, it can be divided into: when the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is arranged, a measuring point is 1.5-2.0 meters away from the ground, and 30-50 meters away from the tower. In natural ventilation cooling towers, 2 to 6 measuring points are evenly arranged at 1/2 of the height of the air inlet, on the circumference of 15 to 30 meters from the tower, so that the outdoor environment of the cooling tower can be measured more accurately. temperature and humidity.
作为具体实施方式,为了便于理解和后续使用相关采集数据,现将采集的各种基础数据分别记为:机组进口温度Tch,in,机组出口温度Tch,out,冷却塔进口温度Tc,in,冷却塔出口温度Tc,out,冷却塔进口管路压力pc,in,水泵进口压力pp,in,水泵出口压力pp,out,冷却塔进口至集液槽液面高度差为h1,集液槽液面至水泵入口高度差为h2,冷却塔进口至水泵入口高度差记为h3,水泵进出口高度差记为Z3,环境湿球温度为Tw,环境湿度为RH,冷水机组电功耗(功率)为Pchiller,水泵电功耗(功率)Ppump,风机电功耗(功率)Pfan,循环流量G,流体密度ρ,水泵扬程H,水泵电机频率fpump,风机电机频率ffan。As a specific implementation, in order to facilitate understanding and subsequent use of relevant collected data, the various basic data collected are now recorded as: unit inlet temperature T ch,in , unit outlet temperature T ch,out , cooling tower inlet temperature T c, in , the cooling tower outlet temperature T c,out , the cooling tower inlet pipeline pressure p c,in , the water pump inlet pressure p p,in , the water pump outlet pressure p p,out , the height difference between the cooling tower inlet and the liquid level of the sump is h 1 , the height difference between the liquid level of the sump and the pump inlet is h 2 , the height difference between the cooling tower inlet and the pump inlet is denoted as h 3 , the height difference between the pump inlet and outlet is denoted as Z 3 , the ambient wet bulb temperature is T w , and the ambient humidity RH, chiller power consumption (power) is P chiller , pump power consumption (power) P pump , fan power consumption (power) P fan , circulation flow G, fluid density ρ, pump head H, pump motor frequency f pump , fan motor frequency f fan .
作为具体实施例,所述无线传输单元是物联网技术用于空调系统能源数据采集的关键所在,所述无线传输单元由无线发送模块和无线接收模块组成,所述无线发送模块和无线接收模具体可以采用WIFI模块、蓝牙模块或GPRS模块等,即所述无线发送模块和无线接收模之间可通过WIFI模块、蓝牙模块或GPRS模块来实现无线信号的收发传输。As a specific embodiment, the wireless transmission unit is the key point of the Internet of Things technology for energy data collection of the air conditioning system, the wireless transmission unit is composed of a wireless transmission module and a wireless reception module, and the wireless transmission module and the wireless reception module body A WIFI module, a Bluetooth module or a GPRS module can be used, that is, the wireless signal can be sent and received and transmitted between the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module through a WIFI module, a Bluetooth module or a GPRS module.
作为具体实施例,所述服务器中安装的SQL数据库以及由计算机技术塔建的数据分析平台,可以根据所述数据采集单元实时在线采集的冷却水系统水泵进出口压力pp,in和pp,out、水泵和风机的电耗Ppump和Pfan、冷却塔进口管路的水压pc,in、冷却水系统水流量G、冷却塔出入口的温度Tc,in和Tc,out、冷却塔风量V及其他运行参数,如水泵和风机运转频率fpump和ffan,实现计算机自动计算冷却水系统能效ECP和冷却塔运行效率η,以用于监控中央空调冷却水循环系统的能效,同时方便用户了解中央空调水系统的实际运行情况。As a specific embodiment, the SQL database installed in the server and the data analysis platform built by the computer technology tower can collect the cooling water system water pump inlet and outlet pressure p p, in and p p , in real time and online according to the data collection unit. out , power consumption of water pump and fan P pump and P fan , water pressure p c,in of cooling tower inlet pipeline, water flow G of cooling water system, temperature T c,in and T c,out of cooling tower inlet and outlet, cooling Tower air volume V and other operating parameters, such as water pump and fan operating frequency f pump and f fan , realize computer automatic calculation of cooling water system energy efficiency ECP and cooling tower operating efficiency η, so as to monitor the energy efficiency of central air-conditioning cooling water circulation system, and convenient Users understand the actual operation of the central air-conditioning water system.
冷却水系统能效反映了冷却水系统制冷量与冷水机组、冷却水泵、冷却塔总耗电量的关系,其计算式如下:The energy efficiency of the cooling water system reflects the relationship between the cooling capacity of the cooling water system and the total power consumption of the chiller, cooling water pump, and cooling tower. The calculation formula is as follows:
ΣNi=Ptoal=Pchiller+Ppump+Pfan 式(3)ΣN i =P toal =P chiller +P pump +P fan Formula (3)
式中:ECP为冷却水系统能效;Q为冷却水瞬时总冷量,kW;ΣNi为冷却水系统瞬时总功率(包括冷水机组、冷却泵、冷却塔等冷却水循环系统设备的瞬时总功率),kW;ρ为水的密度(取1000kg/m3);cp为水的比热(取4.186kJ/(kg·℃));G为冷却水流量,m3/h;Δt为冷却水供回水温差(Tch,out-Tch,in),℃。In the formula: ECP is the energy efficiency of the cooling water system; Q is the instantaneous total cooling capacity of the cooling water, kW; ΣN i is the instantaneous total power of the cooling water system (including the instantaneous total power of the cooling water circulation system equipment such as chillers, cooling pumps, and cooling towers) , kW; ρ is the density of water (take 1000kg/m 3 ); c p is the specific heat of water (take 4.186kJ/(kg·℃)); G is the cooling water flow rate, m 3 /h; Δt is the cooling water Temperature difference between supply and return water (T ch,out -T ch,in ), °C.
冷却塔运行效率是评判冷却塔是否节能的一个重要指标,反映的是冷却塔所处理过的水的出水温度接近室外空气湿球温度的程度,接近程度越高说明冷却塔对回水的处理越充分,相应的冷却塔的效率也越高,说明塔的换热效果越好,其计算方法如下:The operating efficiency of the cooling tower is an important indicator for judging whether the cooling tower is energy-saving. It reflects the degree to which the outlet water temperature of the water treated by the cooling tower is close to the wet bulb temperature of the outdoor air. The higher the degree of proximity, the better the cooling tower treats the return water. The higher the efficiency of the corresponding cooling tower, the better the heat transfer effect of the tower. The calculation method is as follows:
式中:η为冷却塔运行效率;Tc,in为冷却塔的进水温度,℃;Tc,out为冷却塔的出水温度,℃;Tw为环境空气湿球温度,℃。In the formula: η is the operating efficiency of the cooling tower; Tc ,in is the inlet water temperature of the cooling tower, ℃; Tc ,out is the outlet water temperature of the cooling tower, ℃; Tw is the ambient air wet bulb temperature, ℃.
在本实施例中,通过对冷却塔运行效率的监测,若发现效率下降到一定程度,则判定冷却塔积灰污垢严重,需要清洗;通过检测冷却水系统流量和机组冷凝器两端管道的压力损失Δp,即附图1中所示的pp,out-pc,in,在分析平台监测流量与压差的关系并比对历史数据可以判断管道流动阻力的大小,当检测到管道流动阻力增大一定程度时,则考虑管路或进冷水机组内冷凝器内部结垢严重,给出清洗建议。In this embodiment, through monitoring the operating efficiency of the cooling tower, if it is found that the efficiency has dropped to a certain level, it is determined that the cooling tower is seriously fouled and needs to be cleaned; The loss Δp, that is, p p,out -p c,in shown in Figure 1, monitors the relationship between flow and pressure difference on the analysis platform and compares the historical data to determine the size of the pipeline flow resistance. When the pipeline flow resistance is detected When it increases to a certain extent, it is considered that the pipeline or the inside of the condenser in the chiller is seriously fouled, and cleaning suggestions are given.
流体在管道中流动,其流动阻力hw包括沿程阻力hf和局部阻力hj,前者为流体流经直管段时,由于克服流体的粘滞性及与管内壁间的磨擦所产生的阻力;后者为流体流经异形管或管件(如阀门、弯头、三通等)时,由于流动发 生骤然变化引起涡流所产生的能量损失,计算式如下:When the fluid flows in the pipeline, its flow resistance h w includes the along-path resistance h f and the local resistance h j , the former is the resistance produced by overcoming the viscosity of the fluid and the friction between the fluid and the inner wall of the pipe when the fluid flows through the straight pipe section The latter is the energy loss caused by eddy currents caused by sudden changes in flow when the fluid flows through special-shaped pipes or fittings (such as valves, elbows, tees, etc.), the calculation formula is as follows:
将流体流经某一管中或阀门等所引起的局部阻力损失折合成与其直径相同的一定长度直管段阻力的方法,引入当量长度le,则有:The method of converting the local resistance loss caused by the fluid flowing through a certain pipe or valve into the resistance of a straight pipe section of a certain length with the same diameter, and introducing the equivalent length le, then:
式中:λ为沿程阻力系数;为局部阻力系数,1/m;l为管道长度,m;d为管道内径,m;v为流体速度,m/s。In the formula: λ is the drag coefficient along the way; is the local resistance coefficient, 1/m; l is the pipe length, m; d is the inner diameter of the pipe, m; v is the fluid velocity, m/s.
而管道某段两端压差又与该段的流动阻力有如下关系:The pressure difference at both ends of a certain section of the pipeline has the following relationship with the flow resistance of the section:
因此,由式(9)可知,当冷却水系统流量一定时,管道流动阻力与管道内径的5次方成反比,据此可以得到管道结垢主要使管道内壁的粗糙度增加而导致沿程损失系数增大,另一方面使管道内径减少,从而导致流动阻力增加。由式(8)可知流动阻力损失宏观表现为管道两端压力损失。故可以通过检测冷凝器两端压力损失Δp(pp,out-pc,in)来确定管道流动阻力的大小,进而推断管道内壁结垢的程度。Therefore, it can be seen from formula (9) that when the flow rate of the cooling water system is constant, the flow resistance of the pipeline is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the inner diameter of the pipeline. According to this, it can be obtained that the scaling of the pipeline mainly increases the roughness of the inner wall of the pipeline and causes the loss along the pipeline The increase of the coefficient, on the other hand, reduces the inner diameter of the pipe, resulting in an increase in flow resistance. It can be seen from formula (8) that the flow resistance loss is macroscopically expressed as the pressure loss at both ends of the pipeline. Therefore, the flow resistance of the pipeline can be determined by detecting the pressure loss Δp(p p,out -p c,in ) at both ends of the condenser, and then the degree of fouling on the inner wall of the pipeline can be inferred.
作为具体实施例,所述数据分析平台还能将计算得到的冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率实时生成参数变化曲线,当监测到冷却水系统能效和冷却塔运行效率等参数变化曲线数值出现急剧变化或者超出设定限值范围时,即出现空调系统能耗增加或制冷能力下降等异常情况,能对相应参数进行突出显示并进行报警提示。作为一种实施方式,所述当监控到参数变化曲线数值出现急剧变 化或者超出设定限值范围时,对相应参数进行突出显示并进行报警提示的同时,所述服务器3还包括根据历史监测数据和内部构建的数学控制模型,通过模糊算法中专家库判断引起监测数据异常的原因,给出操作反馈策略,以便运行管理人员进行相应操作。As a specific embodiment, the data analysis platform can also generate parameter change curves in real time from the calculated energy efficiency of the cooling water system and the operating efficiency of the cooling tower. When the temperature changes or exceeds the set limit range, there will be abnormal situations such as increased energy consumption of the air conditioning system or decreased cooling capacity, and the corresponding parameters can be highlighted and alarmed. As an implementation, when monitoring the value of the parameter change curve changes sharply or exceeds the range of the set limit value, the corresponding parameter is highlighted and an alarm is given, and the server 3 also includes the monitoring data based on the historical monitoring data. And the mathematical control model built internally, through the expert database in the fuzzy algorithm, judges the cause of the abnormality of the monitoring data, and gives the operation feedback strategy, so that the operation management personnel can carry out corresponding operations.
作为具体实施例,所述服务器还用于根据设定的空调循环冷却水系统数学模型,计算出使所述冷水机组、冷却塔风机和水泵的功率之和最小时所需的冷却塔风机最优工作频率和水泵最优工作频率,并显示最优工作频率以输入空调系统的控制系统进行优化调节。作为一种具体实施方式,所述数据计算处理还是使用服务器中的数据分析平台进行,所述冷却塔风机最优工作频率和水泵最优工作频率计算具体包括:建立以实际总功率最小为优化目标的数学模型,所述实际总功率为所述冷却塔风机的实际功率、冷水机组的实际功率和水泵的实际功率之和;根据所述模型,优化计算首先得到冷却水的最优流量、冷却塔最优进口压力和冷却塔风机的最优风量;根据所述冷却水的最优流量和冷却塔最优进口压力,计算所述水泵的最优工作频率,同时根据所述冷却塔风机的最优风量,计算所述冷却塔风机的最优工作频率。在本实施例中,处理方法采用:冷却水系统可以调节的量只限于冷却水泵和冷却塔风机转速或者频率,将冷却水流量和冷却塔风量作为调节变量,将冷负荷和室外湿球温度作为扰动变量,冷冻水出水温度可以通过冷水机组面板进行人工设定。As a specific embodiment, the server is also used to calculate the optimal cooling tower fan required to minimize the sum of the power of the chiller, the cooling tower fan and the water pump according to the set mathematical model of the air conditioning circulating cooling water system. The working frequency and the optimal working frequency of the water pump are displayed, and the optimal working frequency can be input to the control system of the air conditioning system for optimal adjustment. As a specific implementation, the data calculation process is still performed using the data analysis platform in the server, and the calculation of the optimal operating frequency of the cooling tower fan and the optimal operating frequency of the water pump specifically includes: establishing an optimization goal with the minimum actual total power The mathematical model of the actual total power is the sum of the actual power of the fan of the cooling tower, the actual power of the chiller and the actual power of the water pump; according to the model, the optimization calculation first obtains the optimal flow of cooling water, the cooling tower The optimal inlet pressure and the optimal air volume of the cooling tower fan; according to the optimal flow rate of the cooling water and the optimal inlet pressure of the cooling tower, the optimal operating frequency of the water pump is calculated, and at the same time according to the optimal cooling tower fan The air volume is used to calculate the optimal operating frequency of the cooling tower fan. In this embodiment, the processing method adopts: the amount that can be adjusted by the cooling water system is limited to the speed or frequency of the cooling water pump and cooling tower fan, the cooling water flow rate and the cooling tower air volume are used as adjustment variables, and the cooling load and outdoor wet bulb temperature are used as Disturbance variables, chilled water outlet temperature can be manually set through the chiller panel.
依据比例定律可得到水泵流量和扬程与转速的关系、风机风量与转速如下:According to the law of proportionality, the relationship between the flow rate of the pump, the head and the speed, and the air volume and speed of the fan can be obtained as follows:
其中,G、H、V、n分别表示水泵的流量、扬程、风机风量及转速,下标e表示额定工况。水泵和风机的转速与驱动电机的转速一般是成比例关系的, 而电机转速与工作频率的关系如下:Among them, G, H, V, n represent the flow rate, head, fan air volume and speed of the pump respectively, and the subscript e represents the rated working condition. The speed of the water pump and fan is generally proportional to the speed of the drive motor, and the relationship between the speed of the motor and the operating frequency is as follows:
上式中,n为电机转速,f为电机工作频率,P为电机旋转磁场的极对数。故通过以上式子就可以通过水泵流量或风机的风量计算得到电机的工作频率。In the above formula, n is the speed of the motor, f is the operating frequency of the motor, and P is the number of pole pairs of the rotating magnetic field of the motor. Therefore, the working frequency of the motor can be obtained by calculating the flow rate of the water pump or the air volume of the fan through the above formula.
具体地,冷却水温度越低,冷水机组的运行效率越高,冷水机组能耗就越低,但冷却塔风机的能耗相应越高。冷却水流量越高,冷凝器换热效率就越高,机组效率就越高,但冷却水循环泵能耗反而升高。可见冷水机组、冷却塔和冷却水循环泵三者之间的运行是藕合关系,相互关联的,因此通过建立总能耗最小的优化模型方式,综合考虑各设备的能耗,计算出总能耗最低时的冷却水的最优流量、冷却塔风机的最优风量,进而得到对风机、冷却水循环泵的最优工作频率的最优解,以对外部的风机、冷却水循环泵的运行进行控制,从而降低整个空调冷却水系统的总能耗,节约能源。冷却水系统的运行优化要保证系统在非额定工况下运行时处于最优状态,针对冷却水系统运行优化方法,以整个系统总功率建立目标函数,最终确定目标函数最小值以及该相应的水流量和风量。通过对冷却水系统的分析可以得知,主要耗能设备有冷水机组、水泵和冷却塔。以整个系统总功率建立的目标函数如下:Specifically, the lower the temperature of the cooling water, the higher the operating efficiency of the chiller, and the lower the energy consumption of the chiller, but the correspondingly higher energy consumption of the cooling tower fan. The higher the cooling water flow rate, the higher the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser and the higher the efficiency of the unit, but the energy consumption of the cooling water circulation pump increases instead. It can be seen that the operation of the chiller, the cooling tower and the cooling water circulation pump are coupled and interrelated. Therefore, the total energy consumption is calculated by establishing an optimization model with the minimum total energy consumption and comprehensively considering the energy consumption of each equipment. The optimal flow of cooling water at the lowest time and the optimal air volume of the cooling tower fan, and then obtain the optimal solution for the optimal operating frequency of the fan and cooling water circulation pump, so as to control the operation of the external fan and cooling water circulation pump. Thereby reducing the total energy consumption of the entire air-conditioning cooling water system and saving energy. The operation optimization of the cooling water system must ensure that the system is in the optimal state when it is operating under non-rated conditions. For the cooling water system operation optimization method, the objective function is established with the total power of the entire system, and the minimum value of the objective function and the corresponding water pressure are finally determined. Flow and air volume. Through the analysis of the cooling water system, it can be known that the main energy-consuming equipment includes chillers, water pumps and cooling towers. The objective function established with the total power of the whole system is as follows:
f=minPtotal=min(Pchiller+Ppump+Pfan) 式(14)f=minP total =min(P chiller +P pump +P fan ) Formula (14)
其中,Ptotal为冷却水系统总功率,Pchiller为冷水机组功率,Ppump为水泵功率,Pfan为冷却塔风机功率,功率的单位为kW。Among them, P total is the total power of the cooling water system, P chiller is the power of the water chiller, P pump is the power of the water pump, and P fan is the power of the fan of the cooling tower, and the unit of power is kW.
在上述目标函数数学控制优化模型中,机组制冷量、冷却水的温度和流量、风机转速、水泵扬程应当满足正常工作需求,否则对系统建立的优化方法是无意义的。参考相关文献及调研实际机组运行情况,本申请采用以下约束条件:In the above objective function mathematical control optimization model, the cooling capacity of the unit, the temperature and flow of cooling water, the speed of the fan, and the head of the pump should meet the normal working requirements, otherwise the optimization method established for the system is meaningless. Referring to relevant literature and investigating the actual unit operation, this application adopts the following constraints:
第一、机组的制冷量Q必须满足建筑物冷负荷Qc的需要,即Q≥Qc。First, the cooling capacity Q of the unit must meet the needs of the cooling load Q c of the building, that is, Q≥Q c .
第二、冷水机组温度约束,冷却水温度及冷却塔出口温度Tc,out,理论极限值为室外空气的湿球温度,冷水机组对冷却水温度没有严格的限制,但是在机 组实际运行过程中发现冷却水温度低于10℃时机组也会停机,冷却水温度上限值为冷水机组冷凝器可以安全运行的最高温度,因而冷水机组温度一般约束为10℃≤T4≤45℃。Second, the temperature constraints of the chiller, the cooling water temperature and the cooling tower outlet temperature T c,out , the theoretical limit value is the wet bulb temperature of the outdoor air, the chiller has no strict limit on the cooling water temperature, but in the actual operation of the unit It is found that the unit will shut down when the cooling water temperature is lower than 10°C. The upper limit of the cooling water temperature is the highest temperature at which the condenser of the chiller can operate safely. Therefore, the temperature of the chiller is generally limited to 10°C ≤ T 4 ≤ 45°C.
第三、考虑机组冷凝器侧的允许流量范围为60%~130%,因此循环流量约束为0.60Ge≤G≤1.30Ge,其中Ge为冷却系统额定流量。有文献建议最小流量为水泵最佳效率点流量的25%左右,同时为确保水泵电机的正常散热,水泵转速不应低于额定转速的30%。结合到流量与水泵转速、频率的关系,水泵实际频率约束如下:Third, consider that the allowable flow range of the condenser side of the unit is 60% to 130%, so the circulation flow constraint is 0.60G e ≤ G ≤ 1.30G e , where G e is the rated flow of the cooling system. Some literature suggests that the minimum flow rate is about 25% of the flow rate at the best efficiency point of the pump. At the same time, in order to ensure the normal heat dissipation of the pump motor, the pump speed should not be lower than 30% of the rated speed. Combined with the relationship between the flow rate and the pump speed and frequency, the actual frequency constraints of the pump are as follows:
第四、冷却塔风机转速约束,冷却塔风量是由风机转速决定的,由于冷却塔风机功率在冷却水系统中所占比例较小,同时分析功率与转速的关系发现,在转速低于额定转速50%时功率变化较小,节能效果并不明显,因此冷却塔风机实际频率ffan约束为不小于额定频率ffan,e的50%,具体如下:Fourth, the cooling tower fan speed constraint, the air volume of the cooling tower is determined by the fan speed, because the fan power of the cooling tower accounts for a small proportion in the cooling water system, and the relationship between power and speed is analyzed at the same time, it is found that when the speed is lower than the rated speed The power change is small at 50%, and the energy-saving effect is not obvious. Therefore, the actual frequency f fan of the cooling tower fan is constrained to be not less than 50% of the rated frequency f fan,e , as follows:
第五、水泵扬程,因冷水机组内部冷凝器换热管的阻力、冷却水循环管路的摩擦阻力和局部阻力以及除污器的阻力、调节阀门阻力、冷却塔进出水高度差h1,根据前述阻力及高度差可计算出总阻力Δptotal,考虑到设计安全系数得到理论扬程其中k=1.1~1.3,g为重力加速度。所以在实际的节能优化模型中需要保证水泵实际提供的扬程Ht大于等于理论扬程H′,即Ht≥H′。Fifth, the head of the water pump is due to the resistance of the heat exchange tube of the condenser inside the chiller, the frictional resistance and local resistance of the cooling water circulation pipeline, the resistance of the decontamination device, the resistance of the regulating valve, and the height difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling tower h 1 , according to the aforementioned The total resistance Δp total can be calculated from the resistance and height difference, and the theoretical head can be obtained by considering the design safety factor Among them k=1.1~1.3, g is the gravitational acceleration. Therefore, in the actual energy-saving optimization model, it is necessary to ensure that the head H t actually provided by the pump is greater than or equal to the theoretical head H', that is, H t ≥ H'.
根据恒定总流能量方程,取冷却塔集液槽液面和冷却塔进水管道p1测试处为计算截面,可得:According to the constant total flow energy equation, Taking the liquid level of the cooling tower sump and the test point of the cooling tower water inlet pipe p1 as the calculation section, it can be obtained:
可得:Available:
上式中:p0为大气压强;zj为j截面流体相对于选定的基准面的位置高度,m;vj为j截面的流体平均速度,m/s;pj为j截面的流体压力,pa;Ht为水泵实际扬程,m;hw为总管路流动阻力损失,m。In the above formula: p 0 is the atmospheric pressure; z j is the position height of the j-section fluid relative to the selected datum plane, m; v j is the average velocity of the j-section fluid, m/s; p j is the j-section fluid Pressure, pa; H t is the actual head of the pump, m; h w is the total pipeline flow resistance loss, m.
由式(18)可以得出,冷却塔入口管路压力与水泵实际扬程Ht、冷却塔进口水动能冷却塔进口至集液槽液面高度差h1和管路流动阻力损失hw有关,而所以p1-p0可表示为: 又因故有p1-p0=ρg(Ht-BG2-h1),而h1为常数,故冷却塔入口管路的压力仅是水泵扬程Ht和流量G的函数。From formula (18), it can be concluded that the pressure of the inlet pipeline of the cooling tower and the actual head H t of the water pump, the kinetic energy of the water at the inlet of the cooling tower The height difference h 1 between the inlet of the cooling tower and the liquid level of the sump is related to the flow resistance loss h w of the pipeline, while So p 1 -p 0 can be expressed as: And because of Therefore, p 1 -p 0 = ρg(H t -BG 2 -h 1 ), and h 1 is a constant, so the pressure of the cooling tower inlet pipeline is only a function of the pump head H t and flow G.
而水泵功耗Ppump=ρgGH,如前文所述要满足运行工况又要使水泵功耗最低,就需要水泵扬程满足理论扬程H′即可,而理论扬程对于特定的管路系统而言是一个恒值,可以通过一系列的测量得到,因此水泵功耗Ppump仅与流量G有关。The power consumption of the pump is P pump = ρgGH. As mentioned above, in order to meet the operating conditions and minimize the power consumption of the pump, it is necessary for the pump head to meet the theoretical head H′, and the theoretical head for a specific pipeline system is A constant value can be obtained through a series of measurements, so the power consumption P pump of the water pump is only related to the flow G.
而风机功率Pfan与风机的转速有关,风机转速越高,风机功耗相应增加,冷却水塔换热量增强,冷却塔出口温度Tc,out降低,从而主机冷凝器换热能力增强,机组电耗降低。据文献可知建造好的冷却塔,其构造、布置等不再变化,冷却塔的运行效率仅与风水比有关,在给定的进水流量的情况下,则仅与进入冷却塔的风量有关,即是与风机的频率有关。因此可设:The fan power P fan is related to the fan speed. The higher the fan speed, the higher the power consumption of the fan, the higher the heat transfer of the cooling tower, and the lower the outlet temperature T c,out of the cooling tower. As a result, the heat transfer capacity of the condenser of the main engine is enhanced, and the power consumption of the unit is increased. consumption reduction. According to the literature, it is known that the structure and layout of a well-built cooling tower will not change. The operating efficiency of the cooling tower is only related to the air-to-water ratio. In the case of a given water flow rate, it is only related to the air volume entering the cooling tower. That is related to the frequency of the fan. Therefore it can be set:
冷却塔入口温度Tc,in和环境湿球温度Tw可以通过传感器测得,而为了确保主机冷凝器的换热能力,必须控制冷却塔温差ΔTc=Tc,in-Tc,out,因此在确保主机 安全的前提下,出口温度Tc,out应尽可能低,以提高冷却塔效率,增大机组ECP。因此本发明的数据处理单元通过历史数据给出拟合公式(20),然后每隔一定时间间隔Δτ采集一次冷却塔出口水温Tc,out、ΔTc和Tw,用已拟合好的公式(20)计算风机频率并和对应的约束条件和设定值比较,当计算的风机频率大于50时,取最大值50Hz,当小于50时取实际值。The inlet temperature T c,in of the cooling tower and the ambient wet bulb temperature T w can be measured by sensors, and in order to ensure the heat exchange capacity of the host condenser, the temperature difference of the cooling tower must be controlled ΔT c =T c,in -T c,out , Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the safety of the main engine, the outlet temperature Tc ,out should be as low as possible to improve the efficiency of the cooling tower and increase the ECP of the unit. Therefore the data processing unit of the present invention provides fitting formula (20) by historical data, then collects cooling tower outlet water temperature Tc ,out , ΔTc and Tw every certain time interval Δτ , with the formula that has been fitted (20) Calculate the fan frequency and compare it with the corresponding constraints and set values. When the calculated fan frequency is greater than 50, take the maximum value of 50 Hz, and take the actual value when it is less than 50.
文献研究还表明,循环水流量对水泵功耗和机组功耗都有明显的影响,具体是水泵功耗随着流量的增大而逐渐增大,机组功耗随着流量的增大而逐渐降低,导致机组总功耗随着流量的增大先减小而后增大。The literature research also shows that the circulating water flow rate has a significant impact on the power consumption of the pump and the unit. Specifically, the power consumption of the pump increases gradually with the increase of the flow rate, and the power consumption of the unit decreases gradually with the increase of the flow rate. , causing the total power consumption of the unit to decrease first and then increase as the flow rate increases.
作为具体实施例,请参考图2所示,所述计算冷却水的最优流量包括记录模块、比较模块和输出模块,所述记录模块适于假定从冷却水流量为Gmin时开始记录冷水机组功率、水泵功率和冷却水系统总功率,其中Gmin为冷水机组正常运行时的最小冷却水流量,需要满足约束条件0.65Ge≤G≤1.35Ge;所述比较模块适于将冷却水流量增大0.01m3/h,再次记录冷却水系统总功率,并与上一次流量时的冷却水系统总功率比较;所述输出模块适于当比较模块中冷却水流量增大之后的冷却水系统总功率大于冷却水流量增大之前的冷却水系统总功率时,停止比较计算并输出冷却水流量增大之前的冷却水系统总功率和冷却水流量,并将该冷却水系统总功率和冷却水流量作为最小功率和最优流量;当所述比较模块中冷却水流量增大之后的冷却水系统总功率不大于冷却水流量增大之前的冷却水系统总功率时,则需要通过所述比较模块继续比较计算。另外,在下一时刻的冷负荷与湿球温度下,要重复执行所述记录模块、比较模块和输出模块以进行冷却水的最优流量计算。As a specific embodiment, please refer to shown in Figure 2, the optimal flow of the calculation of cooling water includes a recording module, a comparison module and an output module, the recording module is suitable for assuming that the cooling water flow is Gmin when starting to record the chiller power, water pump power and total power of the cooling water system, where G min is the minimum cooling water flow rate of the chiller in normal operation, which needs to meet the constraints of 0.65G e ≤ G ≤ 1.35G e ; the comparison module is suitable for cooling water flow Increase by 0.01m 3 /h, record the total power of the cooling water system again, and compare it with the total power of the cooling water system at the previous flow rate; the output module is suitable for the cooling water system after the cooling water flow in the comparison module increases When the total power is greater than the total power of the cooling water system before the cooling water flow increases, stop the comparison calculation and output the total power and cooling water flow of the cooling water system before the cooling water flow increases, and compare the total power of the cooling water system with the cooling water flow flow as the minimum power and optimal flow; when the total power of the cooling water system after the cooling water flow increases in the comparison module is not greater than the total power of the cooling water system before the cooling water flow increases, it is necessary to pass the comparison module Continue to compare calculations. In addition, under the cooling load and wet bulb temperature at the next moment, the recording module, the comparison module and the output module should be executed repeatedly to calculate the optimal flow rate of cooling water.
总之,现有中央空调冷却循环水系统由于是依据最大负荷设计的,而一般情况下实际运行的空调负荷为最大负荷的70%~80%,因此如果冷却水系统按照最大负荷设计的工况进行运行,势必会造成必要的能源浪费,所以一般空调系统对于循环水泵和冷却塔风机都进行了变频控制,但是依然存在变频控制与空调负荷不能很好匹配的现象。通过一些节能改造项目,发现进入冷却塔水路 的压力过高,水头动能过大,存在部分能量浪费的现象。通过本申请提供的冷却水系统能效测试和控制系统,可以实现水系统与空调主机进行充分的热交换,在满足换热要求的情况下,实现冷却塔入口水路的压力处在一个合适的范围内,即在保证扬程所需的情况下运行最小的循环流量,使水泵功耗降低。而通过冷却塔运行效率的监测可以实现判定冷却塔换热效果好换,作为是否需要检修或者内部污垢去除等维护工作的一个判据。通过服务器后端的软件程序实现循环冷却水系统能耗、运行效率、冷却塔运行效率的实时监测,并能够在发现能耗过大的情况下实现计算反馈出风机、水泵频率的最优值,以便运行管理人员通过空调系统的DCS系统(即分布式控制系统,DistributedControl System)进行调节,以达到提高系统运行效率和能效的作用。进一步通过效率在线测试系统,可以诊断出系统效率、流动阻力异常时的原因,并给出反馈建议,可以为节能技术改造提供数据和技术支持。In short, the existing central air-conditioning cooling circulating water system is designed according to the maximum load, and the actual operating air-conditioning load is generally 70% to 80% of the maximum load, so if the cooling water system is designed according to the maximum load Therefore, the general air-conditioning system has carried out frequency conversion control for the circulating water pump and cooling tower fan, but there is still a phenomenon that the frequency conversion control and the air-conditioning load cannot be well matched. Through some energy-saving transformation projects, it was found that the pressure of the waterway entering the cooling tower was too high, the kinetic energy of the water head was too large, and some energy was wasted. Through the cooling water system energy efficiency testing and control system provided in this application, sufficient heat exchange between the water system and the air-conditioning main unit can be realized, and the pressure of the inlet waterway of the cooling tower can be kept within an appropriate range when the heat exchange requirements are met. , that is, to run the minimum circulation flow under the condition of ensuring the head, so as to reduce the power consumption of the water pump. The monitoring of the cooling tower's operating efficiency can be used to determine whether the heat transfer effect of the cooling tower is good, as a criterion for maintenance work such as maintenance or internal dirt removal. The real-time monitoring of energy consumption, operating efficiency, and cooling tower operating efficiency of the circulating cooling water system can be realized through the software program at the back end of the server, and the optimal value of fan and water pump frequency can be calculated and fed back when the energy consumption is found to be too large, so that Operation management personnel adjust through the DCS system (distributed control system, Distributed Control System) of the air-conditioning system to achieve the effect of improving system operation efficiency and energy efficiency. Further through the efficiency online test system, the cause of abnormal system efficiency and flow resistance can be diagnosed, and feedback suggestions can be given, which can provide data and technical support for energy-saving technological transformation.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型提供的中央空调冷却水系统能效在线测试控制系统,重点在于借助物联网技术实现中央空调冷却循环水系统的能源数据采集,实现在综合考虑不同负荷下中央空调系统冷却水变流量(包括冷却水变频和冷却塔风机变频)相结合的情况下,使得冷却水系统的运行效率最高,能耗最小,并能够实现在效率降低的时候评估出影响因素,为系统的节能优化运行管理提供技术参考,为空调系统节能改造奠定技术基础。具体地,为了实现中央空调冷却水循环系统能效的在线测试,主要通过传感器采集温度、管道压力、流量及其风机和水泵的频率和电耗等基础数据,然后通过无线传输到后端的分析平台,进行系统能效和冷却塔运行效率的计算和监测,以达到根据外界环境和负荷的变化,在不降低系统能效的情况下通过控制风机和水泵的频率,达到使冷却水系统总能耗最小和节约能源的目的;另一方面,通过冷却塔运行效率和管路流动阻力的测试,了解循环冷却塔换热能力的强弱以及水系统结垢的程度,作为循环水系统是否需要进行检修或去除内部污垢之类的维护工作的一个判据。Compared with the prior art, the central air-conditioning cooling water system energy efficiency online test control system provided by the utility model focuses on realizing the energy data collection of the central air-conditioning cooling circulating water system with the help of Internet of Things technology, and realizes the comprehensive consideration of the central air-conditioning under different loads. The combination of cooling water variable flow rate (including cooling water frequency conversion and cooling tower fan frequency conversion) makes the cooling water system operate with the highest efficiency and minimum energy consumption, and can evaluate the influencing factors when the efficiency is reduced, and provide for the system It provides technical reference for energy-saving optimization operation management, and lays a technical foundation for energy-saving transformation of air-conditioning systems. Specifically, in order to realize the online test of the energy efficiency of the central air-conditioning cooling water circulation system, the basic data such as temperature, pipeline pressure, flow rate, fan and water pump frequency and power consumption are mainly collected through sensors, and then transmitted to the back-end analysis platform through wireless transmission. Calculation and monitoring of system energy efficiency and cooling tower operating efficiency, in order to minimize the total energy consumption of the cooling water system and save energy by controlling the frequency of fans and water pumps without reducing the energy efficiency of the system according to changes in the external environment and load On the other hand, by testing the operating efficiency of the cooling tower and the flow resistance of the pipeline, we can understand the strength of the heat transfer capacity of the circulating cooling tower and the degree of fouling of the water system, and whether the circulating water system needs to be repaired or removed internal dirt A criterion for such maintenance work.
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本实用新型进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本实用新型的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本实用新型技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本实用新型的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model without limitation. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the utility model can be Modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the utility model shall be covered by the claims of the utility model.
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