CN109945394A - An accurate diagnosis method of small temperature difference syndrome in central air-conditioning chilled water system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑中央空调的技术领域，尤其是指一种中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法。The invention relates to the technical field of building central air conditioners, in particular to an accurate diagnosis method for small temperature difference syndrome in a refrigerated water system of a central air conditioner.
背景技术Background technique
在建筑中央空调设计中，冷冻水输配系统常采用二级泵变流量系统。在冷源侧，每台冷水机组配备一台定速水泵(一级泵)实现定流量运行；在用户侧，配备变速水泵(二级泵)，根据用户的冷负荷实现变流量运行。冷水机组、水泵、空气处理器等设备按照额定温升进行选型。常用的额定温升为5℃，即在额定冷负荷工况下，冷水机组、空气处理器等设备的进出水温升均为5℃。然而在实际工程中，常常会出现“小温差大流量”的现象，即实测的冷冻水系统的干管供回水温差显著低于设计值，而流量显著高于设计值，这一现象也称之为小温差综合征。小温差综合征导致了二级水泵能耗的极大浪费，降低了整个空调系统的能效。因此，非常有必要对冷冻水系统的供回水温差进行持续监测并诊断其是否处于合理范围。目前常用的传统监测诊断方法以专家经验法为主，即通过观察实测的供回水温差是否低于5℃来判断是否发生了小温差综合征。实际上，冷冻水系统供回水干管测得的温差实际上是全部空气处理器温升的平均值，而且随实际总冷负荷以及单个空气处理器的实际负荷情况的变化而变化，在冷负荷低于额定工况下，由于各设备的传热面积没有改变，合理的进出水温升应该大于5℃。当实测系统温差低于5℃时，其实已经发生了严重的小温差综合征。鉴于冷冻水系统供回水温差是一个随工况而变化的变量，因此，传统专家经验法以温升5℃为标准来判断小温差综合征并不十分精确，易造成诊断滞后。In the design of central air-conditioning in buildings, the chilled water transmission and distribution system often adopts a secondary pump variable flow system. On the cold source side, each chiller is equipped with a fixed speed water pump (primary pump) to achieve constant flow operation; on the user side, it is equipped with a variable speed water pump (secondary pump) to achieve variable flow operation according to the user's cooling load. Chillers, pumps, air handlers and other equipment are selected according to the rated temperature rise. The commonly used rated temperature rise is 5°C, that is, under the rated cooling load condition, the temperature rise of the inlet and outlet water of the chiller, air handler and other equipment is 5°C. However, in practical engineering, the phenomenon of "small temperature difference and large flow rate" often occurs, that is, the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the main pipe of the chilled water system is significantly lower than the design value, while the flow rate is significantly higher than the design value. This phenomenon is also called It is called the small temperature difference syndrome. The small temperature difference syndrome leads to a great waste of energy consumption of the secondary water pump and reduces the energy efficiency of the entire air conditioning system. Therefore, it is very necessary to continuously monitor the temperature difference between the supply and return of the chilled water system and diagnose whether it is within a reasonable range. At present, the traditional monitoring and diagnosis methods commonly used are mainly based on expert experience, that is, to judge whether the small temperature difference syndrome occurs by observing whether the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water is lower than 5 °C. In fact, the temperature difference measured by the supply and return water mains of the chilled water system is actually the average value of the temperature rise of all air handlers, and it varies with the actual total cooling load and the actual load of a single air handler. Under the rated working conditions, since the heat transfer area of each equipment has not changed, the reasonable temperature rise of the inlet and outlet water should be greater than 5℃. When the measured system temperature difference is lower than 5°C, a serious small temperature difference syndrome has actually occurred. Since the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system is a variable that changes with the working conditions, the traditional expert experience method to judge the small temperature difference syndrome with a temperature rise of 5°C is not very accurate, and it is easy to cause a delay in diagnosis.
本发明提供一种中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法，通过建立冷冻水系统温差参考模型，能够计算出在不同工况下冷冻水系统温差的合理参考值，通过比对温差实测值与模型参考值，实现更加及时精确地诊断出小温差综合征是否发生以及发生程度。The invention provides an accurate diagnosis method for the small temperature difference syndrome of a central air-conditioning chilled water system. By establishing a reference model of the chilled water system temperature difference, a reasonable reference value of the chilled water system temperature difference under different working conditions can be calculated, and by comparing the actual measured value of the temperature difference With the reference value of the model, the diagnosis of the occurrence of small temperature difference syndrome and the degree of occurrence can be realized more timely and accurately.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提出了一种中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法，突破传统诊断方法由于采用固定温差参考值来诊断不同工况下小温差综合征而造成的诊断不精确以及诊断滞后的不足，通过提供冷冻水系统温差参考模型，能够计算出在不同工况下冷冻水系统温差的合理参考值，比对温差实测值与模型参考值即可及时精确地诊断出小温差综合征是否发生以及发生程度，为及时寻找故障原因并采取必要措施提高系统能效提供技术支持。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and proposes an accurate diagnosis method for the small temperature difference syndrome of a central air-conditioning chilled water system, which breaks through the traditional diagnosis method because a fixed temperature difference reference value is used to diagnose the small temperature difference syndrome under different working conditions. The inaccurate diagnosis and the lack of diagnosis lag caused by the symptoms, by providing the reference model of the temperature difference of the chilled water system, the reasonable reference value of the temperature difference of the chilled water system under different working conditions can be calculated, and the measured value of the temperature difference can be compared with the model reference value. Timely and accurate diagnosis of the occurrence and extent of the small temperature difference syndrome, providing technical support for timely finding the cause of the failure and taking necessary measures to improve the energy efficiency of the system.
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的技术方案为：一种中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for accurate diagnosis of small temperature difference syndrome in a central air-conditioning chilled water system, comprising the following steps:
1)获取中央空调冷冻水系统的运行数据集；1) Obtain the operation data set of the central air-conditioning chilled water system;
2)根据运行数据集计算各采样时刻的实测冷冻水系统供回水温差；2) Calculate the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system measured at each sampling time according to the operating data set;
3)建立冷冻水系统供回水温差的参考模型，并根据运行数据集计算不同采样时刻的供回水温差的参考值；3) Establish a reference model of the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system, and calculate the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water at different sampling times according to the operating data set;
4)将实测的冷冻水系统供回水温差与相应的参考值进行对比，计算残差，根据残差大小判断是否存在小温差综合征，并评估冷冻水系统供回水温差偏离合理值的程度。4) Compare the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system with the corresponding reference value, calculate the residual, judge whether there is a small temperature difference syndrome according to the size of the residual, and evaluate the degree to which the temperature difference between the supply and return of the chilled water system deviates from a reasonable value .
在步骤1)中，所述中央空调冷冻水输配系统的运行数据集包括根据某一时间间隔采集的运行参数：用户侧总冷负荷、供水干管实测温度、回水干管实测温度、各房间实测温度和系统中各个空气处理器风机的运行转速。In step 1), the operation data set of the central air-conditioning chilled water transmission and distribution system includes the operation parameters collected according to a certain time interval: the total cooling load on the user side, the measured temperature of the water supply main pipe, the measured temperature of the return water main pipe, the measured temperature of each room Measured temperature and operating speed of each air handler fan in the system.
在步骤2)中，根据运行数据集计算各采样时刻的实测冷冻水系统供回水温差，具体计算如下：In step 2), according to the operating data set, the actual measured chilled water system supply and return water temperature difference at each sampling time is calculated, and the specific calculation is as follows:
根据运行数据集计算i时刻供水干管和回水干管的温差值，由式(1)表示：Calculate the temperature difference between the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe at time i according to the operating data set, which is expressed by formula (1):
式中，表示i时刻供水干管和回水干管的温差值，表示i时刻回水干管实测温度值，表示i时刻供水干管实测温度值。In the formula, represents the temperature difference between the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe at time i, Indicates the measured temperature value of the return water main pipe at time i, Indicates the measured temperature value of the water supply main pipe at time i.
在步骤3)中，建立冷冻水系统供回水温差的参考模型，并根据运行数据集计算不同采样时刻的供回水温差的参考值，具体计算如下：In step 3), a reference model of the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system is established, and the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water at different sampling times is calculated according to the operating data set, and the specific calculation is as follows:
第i时刻供回水温差的参考值，由式(2)、式(3)和式(4)表示：The reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water at the i-th time is expressed by formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4):
式中，表示第i时刻供回水干管温差的参考值，表示第i时刻用户侧总冷负荷，表示第i时刻供水干管的实测温度值，表示第i时刻各房间实测温度的平均值，表示第i时刻第k房间实测温度值，表示第i时刻系统中第j个空气处理器的负荷率，表示第i时刻系统中第j个空气处理器风机的运行转速，HZj,des表示系统中第j个空气处理器风机的设计满负荷运行转速，a1、a2、a3、a4以及bj均为待定系数，需要使用无故障运行数据进行参数识别，n表示系统中空气处理器的数量，表示变量连乘。In the formula, Indicates the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water main pipes at the i-th time, represents the total cooling load on the user side at the i-th moment, represents the measured temperature value of the water supply main pipe at the i-th moment, represents the average value of the measured temperature of each room at the i-th time, represents the measured temperature value of the kth room at the ith time, represents the load rate of the jth air handler in the system at the ith time, Represents the operating speed of the jth air handler fan in the system at the ith moment, HZ j,des represents the designed full load operating speed of the jth air handler fan in the system, a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 and b and j are all undetermined coefficients, which need to use fault-free operation data for parameter identification, n represents the number of air handlers in the system, Represents the multiplication of variables.
在步骤4)中，将实测的冷冻水系统供回水温差与相应的参考值进行对比，计算残差，根据残差大小判断是否存在小温差综合征，并评估冷冻水系统供回水温差偏离合理值的程度，包括以下步骤：In step 4), compare the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system with the corresponding reference value, calculate the residual, determine whether there is a small temperature difference syndrome according to the size of the residual, and evaluate the deviation of the temperature difference between the supply and return of the chilled water system The degree of reasonable value, including the following steps:
4.1)比较各采样时刻实测的供回水温差与其参考值，计算二者的残差，由式(5)表示：4.1) Compare the temperature difference between the supply and return water measured at each sampling time and its reference value, and calculate the residual between the two, which is expressed by formula (5):
式中，Ri表示第i时刻实测的系统供回水温差与其参考值的残差，表示第i时刻供水干管和回水干管的温差值，表示第i时刻供回水干管温差的参考值；In the formula, R i represents the residual difference between the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system measured at the i-th time and its reference value, represents the temperature difference between the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe at the i-th time, Indicates the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water mains at the i-th moment;
4.2)将步骤4.1)中得到的残差Ri与阈值δ进行比较，当i时刻残差的绝对值|Ri|大于阈值的绝对值|δ|时，判定该时刻实测的系统供回水温差值显著偏离合理范围；当i时刻残差的绝对值|Ri|小于或等于阈值的绝对值|δ|时，判定该时刻实测的系统供回水温差值处于合理范围；阈值δ等于所使用的温度测量仪器的精度，由式(6)表示：4.2) Compare the residual R i obtained in step 4.1) with the threshold δ, and when the absolute value of the residual at time i |R i | is greater than the absolute value of the threshold |δ|, determine the system supply and return water temperature measured at that moment The difference significantly deviates from the reasonable range; when the absolute value of the residual at time i |R i | is less than or equal to the absolute value of the threshold |δ| The accuracy of the temperature measuring instrument used is expressed by formula (6):
δ＝±d (6)δ=±d (6)
式中，δ表示阈值，d表示所使用的温度测量仪器的精度，单位为℃；In the formula, δ represents the threshold value, d represents the accuracy of the temperature measuring instrument used, and the unit is °C;
4.3)当所给定的运行数据集中有α％的采样时刻被判定为实测的系统供回水温差值偏离合理范围，即可判定发生小温差综合征；α％为设定的参数值；4.3) When α% of the sampling time in the given operation data set is determined as the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system deviates from a reasonable range, it can be determined that the small temperature difference syndrome occurs; α% is the set parameter value;
4.4)当判定发生小温差综合征时，实测的系统供回水温差偏离合理值的具体程度，由式(7)定量表示：4.4) When it is determined that the small temperature difference syndrome occurs, the specific degree to which the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system deviates from the reasonable value is quantitatively expressed by the formula (7):
式中，DEVi表示第i时刻实测的系统供回水温差偏离合理值的具体程度。In the formula, DEV i represents the specific degree to which the temperature difference between the supply and return water measured at the i-th time deviates from the reasonable value.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点与有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、本发明方法通过提供冷冻水系统温差参考模型，能够计算出在不同工况下冷冻水系统温差的合理参考值，通过比对温差实测值与模型参考值即可及时精确地诊断出小温差综合征是否发生以及发生的程度，突破传统诊断方法由于采用固定温差参考值来诊断不同工况下小温差综合征而造成的诊断不精确的局限。1. The method of the present invention can calculate a reasonable reference value of the temperature difference of the chilled water system under different working conditions by providing a reference model of the temperature difference of the chilled water system, and can timely and accurately diagnose the small temperature difference by comparing the measured value of the temperature difference with the model reference value Whether the syndrome occurs and the degree of occurrence break through the inaccurate limitations of traditional diagnosis methods due to the use of fixed temperature difference reference values to diagnose small temperature difference syndromes under different working conditions.
2、本发明方法能够在小温差综合征发生早期即可得到确诊，克服了传统诊断方法直到故障较严重时才能确诊的不足，为及时查找故障原因避免过多能源浪费提供了技术支持。2. The method of the present invention can be diagnosed at the early stage of the occurrence of the small temperature difference syndrome, overcomes the shortage of the traditional diagnosis method that cannot be diagnosed until the fault is serious, and provides technical support for finding the cause of the fault in time to avoid excessive energy waste.
3、本发明方法在建筑中央空调领域具有广泛的应用前景，既可以离线使用也可以在线应用，有助于提高中央空调系统节能运行。3. The method of the present invention has a wide application prospect in the field of building central air conditioning, and can be used both offline and online, which helps to improve the energy-saving operation of the central air conditioning system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明方法逻辑流程示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logic flow of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
本实施例所提供的中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法，实施对象为某中央空调冷冻水系统，该系统用户侧空气处理设备均按照额定温升5℃进行设计选型，用户侧共有n＝30个空气处理器，空气处理器风机额定转速2900转/分，数据采样间隔为10分钟，温度传感器的精度为±0.2℃。The accurate diagnosis method for the small temperature difference syndrome of the central air-conditioning chilled water system provided in this embodiment is implemented on a central air-conditioning chilled water system. There are n=30 air handlers in total, the rated speed of the air handler fan is 2900 rpm, the data sampling interval is 10 minutes, and the accuracy of the temperature sensor is ±0.2°C.
如图1所示，本实施例所提供的中央空调冷冻水系统小温差综合征精确诊断方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the accurate diagnosis method for the small temperature difference syndrome of the central air-conditioning chilled water system provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
1)获取中央空调冷冻水系统的运行数据集，主要包括根据某一时间间隔采集的运行参数：用户侧总冷负荷、供水干管实测温度、回水干管实测温度、各房间实测温度和系统中各个空气处理器风机的运行转速。1) Obtain the operation data set of the central air-conditioning chilled water system, mainly including the operation parameters collected according to a certain time interval: the total cooling load on the user side, the measured temperature of the water supply main pipe, the measured temperature of the return water main pipe, the measured temperature of each room, and the measured temperature of the system. The operating speed of each air handler fan.
2)根据运行数据集计算各采样时刻的实测冷冻水系统供回水温差，具体计算如下：2) Calculate the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system measured at each sampling time according to the operating data set, and the specific calculation is as follows:
根据运行数据集计算i时刻供水干管和回水干管的温差值，由式(1)表示：Calculate the temperature difference between the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe at time i according to the operating data set, which is expressed by formula (1):
式中，表示i时刻供水干管和回水干管的温差值，表示i时刻回水干管实测温度值，表示i时刻供水干管实测温度值。In the formula, represents the temperature difference between the water supply main pipe and the return water main pipe at time i, Indicates the measured temperature value of the return water main pipe at time i, Indicates the measured temperature value of the water supply main pipe at time i.
3)建立冷冻水系统供回水温差的参考模型，并根据运行数据集计算不同采样时刻的供回水温差的参考值，具体计算如下：3) Establish a reference model of the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system, and calculate the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water at different sampling times according to the operating data set. The specific calculation is as follows:
第i时刻供回水温差的参考值，由式(2)、式(3)和式(4)表示：The reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water at the i-th time is expressed by formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4):
式中，表示第i时刻供回水干管温差的参考值，表示第i时刻用户侧总冷负荷，表示第i时刻供水干管的实测温度值，表示第i时刻各房间实测温度的平均值，表示第i时刻第k房间实测温度值，表示第i时刻系统中第j个空气处理器的负荷率，表示第i时刻系统中第j个空气处理器风机的运行转速，HZj,des表示系统中第j个空气处理器风机的设计满负荷运行转速，n表示系统中空气处理器的数量，表示变量连乘，a1、a2、a3、a4以及bj均为待定系数，需要使用无故障历史运行数据进行参数识别。In the formula, Indicates the reference value of the temperature difference between the supply and return water main pipes at the i-th time, represents the total cooling load on the user side at the i-th moment, represents the measured temperature value of the water supply main pipe at the i-th moment, represents the average value of the measured temperature of each room at the i-th time, represents the measured temperature value of the kth room at the ith time, represents the load rate of the jth air handler in the system at the ith time, Represents the running speed of the jth air handler fan in the system at the ith moment, HZ j,des represents the designed full-load operating speed of the jth air handler fan in the system, n represents the number of air handlers in the system, Represents the continuous multiplication of variables, a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 and b j are all undetermined coefficients, and it is necessary to use the historical operating data without faults for parameter identification.
4)将实测的冷冻水系统供回水温差与相应的参考值进行对比，计算残差，根据残差大小判断是否存在小温差综合征，并评估冷冻水系统供回水温差偏离合理值的程度，包括以下步骤：4) Compare the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the chilled water system with the corresponding reference value, calculate the residual, judge whether there is a small temperature difference syndrome according to the size of the residual, and evaluate the degree to which the temperature difference between the supply and return of the chilled water system deviates from a reasonable value , including the following steps:
4.1)比较各采样时刻实测的供回水温差与其参考值，计算二者的残差，由式(5)表示：4.1) Compare the temperature difference between the supply and return water measured at each sampling time and its reference value, and calculate the residual between the two, which is expressed by formula (5):
式中，Ri表示第i时刻实测的系统供回水温差与其参考值的残差；In the formula, R i represents the residual difference between the system supply and return water temperature difference measured at the i-th time and its reference value;
4.2)将步骤4.1)中得到的残差Ri与阈值δ进行比较，当i时刻残差的绝对值|Ri|大于阈值的绝对值|δ|时，判定该时刻实测的系统供回水温差值显著偏离合理范围；当i时刻残差的绝对值|Ri|小于等于阈值的绝对值|δ|时，判定该时刻实测的系统供回水温差值处于合理范围；阈值δ等于所使用的温度测量仪器的精度，由式(6)表示：4.2) Compare the residual R i obtained in step 4.1) with the threshold δ, and when the absolute value of the residual at time i |R i | is greater than the absolute value of the threshold |δ|, determine the system supply and return water temperature measured at that moment The difference significantly deviates from the reasonable range; when the absolute value of the residual at time i |R i | is less than or equal to the absolute value of the threshold |δ| The accuracy of the temperature measuring instrument is expressed by formula (6):
δ＝±d (6)δ=±d (6)
式中，δ表示阈值，d表示所使用的温度测量仪器的精度(℃)，本实施例δ＝±0.2℃；In the formula, δ represents the threshold value, d represents the accuracy (°C) of the temperature measuring instrument used, in this embodiment δ=±0.2°C;
4.3)当所给定的运行数据集中有α％的时刻被判定为实测的系统供回水温差值偏离合理范围，即可判定发生小温差综合征；α％为可设定的参数值，本实施例α％＝97.5％；4.3) When there is α% in the given operation data set, it is judged that the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system deviates from a reasonable range, and it can be determined that the small temperature difference syndrome occurs; α% is a settable parameter value, this implementation Example α% = 97.5%;
4.4)当判定发生小温差综合征时，实测的系统供回水温差偏离合理值的具体程度，由式(7)定量表示：4.4) When it is determined that the small temperature difference syndrome occurs, the specific degree to which the measured temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system deviates from the reasonable value is quantitatively expressed by the formula (7):
式中，DEVi表示第i时刻实测的系统供回水温差偏离合理值的具体程度。In the formula, DEV i represents the specific degree to which the temperature difference between the supply and return water measured at the i-th time deviates from the reasonable value.
如下表1所示，本实施例共采样了31个时刻的运行数据集，经使用本发明所提供的诊断方法，发现这31个采样时刻都存在实测温差小于温差参考值，诊断确认发生小温差综合征，系统供回水温差平均偏离正常值程度-0.85℃。As shown in Table 1 below, this example samples a total of 31 operating data sets at times. After using the diagnostic method provided by the present invention, it is found that the measured temperature difference is smaller than the reference temperature difference value at these 31 sampling times, and the diagnosis confirms that a small temperature difference occurs. Syndrome, the temperature difference between the supply and return water of the system deviates from the normal value by -0.85℃ on average.
表1-实施例诊断结果Table 1-Example diagnostic results
综上所述，在采用以上方案后，本发明方法能够精确地诊断出小温差综合征是否发生以及偏离正常值的程度，为及时寻找故障原因并采取必要措施提高系统能效提供技术支持，具有实际推广价值，值得推广。To sum up, after adopting the above scheme, the method of the present invention can accurately diagnose whether the small temperature difference syndrome occurs and the degree of deviation from the normal value, so as to provide technical support for finding the cause of the fault in time and taking necessary measures to improve the energy efficiency of the system, which is practical. Promotion value is worth promoting.
以上所述实施例只为本发明之较佳实施例，并非以此限制本发明的实施范围，故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, any changes made according to the shape and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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