CN204897824U - A biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model aims at providing a living beings pyrolysis carbonization equipment to improve system charcoal quality. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment of the utility model consists of a furnace body, a cover plate and an inner pot arranged above the inner part of the furnace body, wherein the furnace body is provided with a flue gas discharge port, the cover plate is sealed and buckled on the furnace body, the cover plate and the furnace body form a heating cavity, the cover plate and the inner pot form a carbonization cavity, and the cover plate is provided with a moisture discharge port which can be opened and closed corresponding to the position above the inner pot; a hearth of the carbonization furnace is formed between the bottom surface of the inner pot and the bottom wall of the heating cavity, and a burner is placed in the hearth; the carbonization cavity is connected with a pyrolysis gas channel extending to the outside of the furnace body. The utility model discloses a living beings pyrolysis carbonization equipment is at the charcoal in-process, and the intensification in the carbomorphism intracavity can be effectively monitored, and consequently the process curve of carbomorphism process can be realized by program control, has reduced the reliance to workman's experience, and the carbomorphism quality is guaranteed.

Description

A biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, in particular to biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment.

Background technique

Charcoal is one of the basic energy sources in industrial production and daily life. In recent years, due to the increase in demand, the forestry department has prohibited deforestation and burning charcoal in order to protect forest resources and ecological balance, making the contradiction between supply and demand of charcoal increasingly tense. So biochar came into being, effectively alleviating the tense supply of charcoal. Compared with traditional charcoal, biochar has the following advantages: use waste as raw material instead of wood, turn waste into treasure, turn harm into profit, help protect forest resources and maintain ecological balance, and reduce environmental pollution.

Biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment includes two types, namely kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace and fixed bed type pyrolysis carbonization reaction furnace. Among them, the kiln-type pyrolysis carbonization furnace is a new type of furnace developed on the basis of the traditional earth kiln carbonization process. It can recover the gas-liquid products in the pyrolysis process while producing carbon. At present, the research on the kiln-type carbonization furnace at home and abroad mainly focuses on There have been many kiln-type carbonization furnace patents on the use of modern technology and manufacturing methods to improve the traditional furnace body. The temperature rise of this kind of charcoal is not easy to control, and the operation is mainly based on experience. It is difficult to achieve the best quality of charcoal, and a part of coal or wood is burned to achieve external heating. The charcoal production site can only be in the wild, which increases the transportation cost of raw materials and products, and the charcoal pyrolysis gas can only be discharged, resulting in a waste of energy.

Since the 1970s, biomass fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization technology has developed rapidly, and various carbonization furnace structures have appeared in large numbers. The advantages of biomass fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization reaction equipment are fewer moving parts, simple manufacture, low cost, and convenient operation. The air flow can be affected by changing the position of the flue and the exhaust port and the top sealing structure to achieve the pyrolysis reaction. For the purpose of stability and high carbon yield, it is more suitable for small-scale carbon production.

Fixed bed carbonization equipment can be divided into external fuel heating type and internal combustion type according to different heat transfer methods:

The externally heated fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization system consists of two parts: a heating furnace and a pyrolysis furnace. The external heating furnace body provides the energy required for pyrolysis to the pyrolysis furnace. Most of the heating furnaces use tube furnaces. The biggest advantage is that the temperature control is convenient and accurate, which can increase the utilization rate of biomass energy and improve the quality of pyrolysis products, but it needs to consume other forms of energy.

The combustion method of the internal-combustion fixed-bed pyrolysis carbonization furnace is similar to that of the traditional kiln-type carbonization furnace. Biomass fuel needs to be ignited in the furnace, and the pyrolysis is maintained by the heat provided by the fuel itself. The biggest difference between the internal combustion type carbonization furnace and the external heating type is the difference in heat transfer mode. The external heating type is heat conduction, while the internal combustion type carbonization furnace is a combination of heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation. The pyrolysis process of the internal combustion fixed bed pyrolysis carbonization furnace does not consume any external heat. Both the reaction itself and the drying of raw materials use the heat generated by the biomass itself. The thermal efficiency is high, but the consumption of biomass materials is large, and in order to maintain the oxygen deficiency Environment, insufficient combustion, slow heating rate, difficult to control temperature rise during pyrolysis.

During the carbonization process, the temperature balance of the biomass material rods and the temperature rise according to the temperature curve are very important to the quality of the charcoal produced. The traditional charcoal production methods are all controlled by the experience of personnel, and there is no accuracy at all. Therefore, after a batch of charcoal is produced, The quality of charcoal in different positions in the kiln is inconsistent, and the quality of charcoal production is not good.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to propose a biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment to improve the quality of charcoal production.

The biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment of the utility model is composed of a furnace body, a cover plate and an inner pot erected above the inside of the furnace body. The furnace body is provided with a flue gas discharge port, and the cover plate is sealed and fastened on the furnace body , the cover plate and the furnace body form a heating chamber, the cover plate and the inner pot form a carbonization chamber, and the cover plate is provided with an openable and closable moisture discharge port corresponding to the position above the inner pot; the bottom surface of the inner pot and the heating A carbonization furnace hearth is formed between the bottom walls of the chamber, and a burner is placed in the hearth; the carbonization chamber is connected with a pyrolysis gas channel extending to the outside of the furnace body.

Further, there are multiple flue gas discharge ports, which are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with several temperature sensors to detect the temperature distribution of the heating chamber; each of the flue gas discharge Each port is equipped with a flue gas discharge regulating valve for changing the opening of the flue gas discharge port; the temperature sensor and the flue gas discharge regulating valve are electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit controls the flue gas discharge according to the information of the temperature sensor. The opening of the discharge regulating valve.

Further, the smoke discharge port is connected to a smoke discharge pipe, and the smoke discharge pipe is provided with an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is electrically connected to the control unit. Exhaust the flue gas through a unified flue gas discharge pipe, which helps to control pollution, and the exhaust fan can adjust the exhaust power, which in turn affects the temperature of the heating chamber --- when the exhaust power of the exhaust fan is large , the hot air in the heating chamber is discharged faster, and the heat in the heating chamber is taken away faster, the temperature of the heating chamber will decrease, and vice versa, the temperature of the heating chamber will rise.

Further, the pyrolysis gas channel is provided with a valve electrically connected to the control unit, so that the valve can be closed at the initial stage of the carbonization operation (that is, the drying process of the biomass material rod) to prevent moisture from entering the boiler, and only When the biomass material rod is pyrolyzed, the valve is opened to make the pyrolysis gas produced by carbonization pure.

Further, several thermocouples are provided in the carbonization chamber to detect the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber, so that the control unit can control the work of other components according to the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber, so as to make the temperature in the carbonization chamber Even temperature distribution.

Further, several iron cage frames with open tops are placed in the carbonization chamber, and gaps are left between adjacent iron cage frames. Put the biomass material rods vertically into the iron cage frame, and then put the iron cage frame into the inner pot. Multiple layers of iron cage frames can be placed in the charcoal pot, leaving space between each layer. The heat transfer in the carbonization chamber achieves temperature balance.

The flue gas produced by the burner of the biomass carbonization furnace is discharged through the flue gas discharge port of the furnace body.

The control method of the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment includes the following steps:

A: Put the biomass material rods into the iron cage frame, put the iron cage frame into the inner pot, and seal the cover plate on the furnace body;

B: Use the burner to heat the inner pot, and use the fuel supply of the burner, the opening of the flue gas discharge port, and the exhaust power of the exhaust fan to control the temperature rise rate in the carbonization chamber, so that the temperature rise in the carbonization chamber The curve conforms to the predetermined curve;

C: During the heating process, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, and the opening of the flue gas discharge port is controlled according to the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, so as to adjust the temperature distribution of the heating chamber and make the heating chamber The temperature distribution is even.

Specifically, in the B step, the predetermined curve consists of the following four stages:

Drying stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 130-150°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 130-150°C for 4 hours;

Pre-carbonization stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 250-275°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 250-275°C for 6 hours;

Carbonization stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 375-400°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 375-400°C for 10 hours;

Calcination stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 450-500°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it in the temperature range of 450-500°C for 2 hours;

In the drying stage, open the moisture discharge port and close the valve at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel; in the pre-carbonization stage, carbonization stage and calcination stage, close the moisture discharge port and open the valve at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel ;

The principle of the above temperature curve is as follows: In the process of heating the inner pot, the biomass material rod is heated and the temperature gradually rises, which can be divided into the following stages: when the temperature is below 200°C, this process is basically a drying process, The moisture contained in the biomass material rod is evaporated by the heat supplied from the outside, and is discharged from the moisture discharge port of the cover plate; when the temperature continues to rise and reaches 200~400°C, the main component of the biomass material rod is cellulose , hemicellulose, and lignin begin to undergo thermal decomposition and release pyrolysis gas, which is transported to the burner of the boiler along the pyrolysis gas channel for combustion (at this time, the moisture discharge port of the cover needs to be closed), accompanied by this During the process, the quality of biomass material rods begins to decrease significantly, and the main thermal decomposition reactions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are terminated at 450-500°C; when the temperature reaches above 500°C, the biochar is in the refining process, While generating H ₂ , the carbon elements in the charcoal form condensed polycyclic aromatics. As a result, the proportion of carbon elements exceeds 80%.

In the step C, if the temperature distribution of the heating chamber is not uniform, the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a higher temperature is controlled to increase the opening, or the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a lower temperature is controlled to decrease the opening, thereby Adjust the temperature distribution of the heating chamber to make the temperature distribution in the heating chamber uniform.

During the carbonization process of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment of the utility model, the temperature rise in the carbonization chamber can be effectively monitored, so the process curve of the carbonization process can be realized by program control, which reduces the dependence on the experience of workers and ensures the quality of carbonization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment of the present invention (without the cover plate).

Description of drawings: 1. Furnace body; 2. Cover plate; 3. Inner pot; 4. Smoke discharge port; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Moisture discharge port; 7. Burner; 8. Pyrolysis gas channel; 9. Valve; 10. Flue gas discharge pipe; 11. Exhaust fan; 12. Iron cage frame.

Detailed ways

Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through the description of the implementation examples, the specific embodiments of the present utility model, such as the shape, structure, mutual position and connection relationship between each part, the role and working principle of each part, etc. Further details.

Example 1:

As shown in the figure, the biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment of this embodiment is composed of a furnace body 1, a cover plate 2, and an inner pot 3 erected above the interior of the furnace body 1. The side wall of the furnace body 1 is evenly equipped with a plurality of The flue gas discharge port 4, each flue gas discharge port 4 is provided with a flue gas discharge regulating valve for changing the opening degree of the flue gas discharge port 4; several temperature sensors 5 are also provided in the furnace body 1 to detect the temperature of the heating chamber. Temperature distribution: the temperature sensor 5 and the flue gas discharge regulating valve are both electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit controls the opening of the flue gas discharge regulating valve according to the information of the temperature sensor 5 .

The cover plate 2 is buckled on the furnace body 1 in a water-tight manner, the cover plate 2 and the furnace body 1 form a heating chamber, the inner pot 3 is located in the heating chamber, and the cover plate 2 and the inner pot 3 form a carbonization chamber. The cover plate 2 is provided with an openable and closable moisture discharge port 6 corresponding to the position above the inner pot 3; a carbonization furnace hearth is formed between the bottom surface of the inner pot 3 and the bottom wall of the heating chamber, and the There are several burners 7; the carbonization chamber is connected to a pyrolysis gas channel 8 extending to the outside of the furnace body 1, and a valve 9 electrically connected to the control unit is provided at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel 8.

The smoke discharge port 4 is connected with a smoke discharge pipe 10, and the smoke discharge pipe 10 is provided with an exhaust fan 11, and the exhaust fan 11 is electrically connected with the control unit.

Several thermocouples are arranged in the carbonization chamber at high, middle and low heights (thermocouples are not shown in the figure) to detect the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber so that the control unit can To control the work of other components, try to make the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber even.

Several iron cage frames 12 with top openings are placed in the carbonization chamber, and gaps are left between adjacent iron cage frames 12 . Put the biomass material rods vertically into the iron cage frame 12, then put the iron cage frame 12 into the inner pot 3, multiple layers of multiple iron cage frames 12 can be put in the charcoal pot, leave space between each layer There is room to achieve temperature balance by utilizing heat transfer in the carbonization chamber.

The flue gas generated by the burner 7 of the biomass carbonization furnace is discharged through the flue gas discharge port 4 of the furnace body 1 . The heating chamber of the biomass carbonization furnace is controlled by the gas supply to increase the temperature, and the temperature is controlled by the flue gas discharge.

Specifically, the control method for the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment includes the following steps:

A: Put the biomass material rods into the iron cage frame 12, put the iron cage frame 12 into the inner pot 3, and seal the cover plate 2 on the furnace body 1;

B: Use the burner 7 to heat the inner pot 3, and use the fuel supply of the burner 7, the opening of the flue gas discharge port 4, and the exhaust power of the exhaust fan 11 to control the temperature rise rate in the carbonization chamber to make carbonization The temperature rise curve in the cavity conforms to the predetermined curve;

C: During the heating process, use the temperature sensor 5 to detect the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, and control the opening of the flue gas discharge port 4 according to the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, thereby adjusting the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, and making The temperature distribution in the heating chamber is uniform.

In the B step, the predetermined curve consists of the following four stages:

Drying stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 130-150°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 130-150°C for 4 hours;

Pre-carbonization stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 250-275°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 250-275°C for 6 hours;

Carbonization stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 375-400°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it within the temperature range of 375-400°C for 10 hours;

Calcination stage: raise the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 450-500°C at a temperature rise rate of 2°C/min, and keep it in the temperature range of 450-500°C for 2 hours;

In the drying stage, open the moisture discharge port 6 and close the valve 9 at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel 8; in the pre-carbonization stage, carbonization stage and calcination stage, close the moisture discharge port 6 and open the pyrolysis gas channel 8 The inlet valve 9;

In the step C, if the temperature distribution of the heating chamber is not uniform, the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a higher temperature is controlled to increase the opening, or the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a lower temperature is controlled to decrease the opening, thereby Adjust the temperature distribution of the heating chamber to make the temperature distribution in the heating chamber uniform

It takes several days to complete a traditional charcoal production cycle, but the patented technology can complete a charcoal production cycle in about 24 hours, which greatly improves work efficiency.

Claims (6)

1. a biomass pyrolytic charing equipment, it is characterized in that by body of heater, cover plate and be set up in pot in above furnace interior and form, described body of heater is provided with fume emission mouth, described cover plate for sealing is fastened on body of heater, cover plate and body of heater form heating chamber, cover plate and interior pot are formed and carbonize chamber, and the position that described cover plate corresponds to above interior pot is provided with the moisture exhausting mouth that can open and close; Form charring furnace burner hearth between described face, the interior the bottom of a pan and the diapire of heating chamber, in described burner hearth, be placed with burner; Described charing chamber and one extend to the pyrolysis gas expanding channels of body of heater outside.

2. biomass pyrolytic charing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fume emission mouth has multiple, and be uniformly distributed in the sidewall of body of heater, described body of heater is provided with several temperature sensors, to detect the profiling temperatures of heating chamber; Described each fume emission mouth is equipped with the fume emission variable valve for changing fume emission mouth aperture; Described temperature sensor, fume emission variable valve are all electrically connected with a control unit, and described control unit controls the aperture of fume emission variable valve according to the information of temperature sensor.

3. biomass pyrolytic charing equipment according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described fume emission mouth is connected with a flue gas exhausting pipe line, described flue gas exhausting pipe line is provided with vacuum fan, and described vacuum fan is electrically connected with control unit.

4. the biomass pyrolytic charing equipment according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that described pyrolysis gas passage is provided with the valve be electrically connected with control unit.

5. the biomass pyrolytic charing equipment according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that being provided with several thermopairs in described charing chamber, to detect the profiling temperatures in charing chamber.

6. the biomass pyrolytic charing equipment according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that being placed with several open-topped iron cage frames in described charing chamber, and leaves gap between adjacent iron cage frame.