CN204832143U - Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an integrated measuring instrument for ground surface and soil water storage, which comprises a soil water storage measuring instrument and a water volume tube; the soil water storage volume measuring instrument is located below the ground surface, and the water volume tube includes an upper pipe and a lower pipe located below the surface of the ground, the junction of the upper pipe and the lower pipe is provided with a communication pipe that can communicate with the outside world, the upper pipe, the lower pipe and the communication pipe communicate with each other, and the water flow pipe A piston capable of sliding along the pipe wall is arranged in the lower tube, and a traction motor pushes the piston to move up and down in the lower tube, and the traction motor is connected with the soil water storage measuring instrument for signals. The measuring instrument realizes the joint monitoring of surface and soil water storage and lysimeter and other interface change processes.

Description

Surface and soil water storage integrated measuring instrument

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of hydrology measurement, in particular to a measuring instrument suitable for monitoring the environment of wetlands and other over-wet surfaces. Moisture interface conversion and joint measurement in wetland and other over-humid surface environments.

Background technique

The temporal and spatial changes of surface and soil water storage are important monitoring indicators for wetlands and other natural ecological environments. The temporal and spatial changes of surface water and soil water, as well as the transformation between different interfaces between the surface and soil, also affect the ecological processes and processes of terrestrial natural ecosystems. succession pattern. In order to quantitatively monitor the hydrological fluctuation characteristics of the regional natural surface environment, it is necessary to detect the surface and soil water storage and the transformation process and fluctuation characteristics of water elements between the surface and soil. As part of the land water cycle, part of the surface water elements through Soil infiltrates into groundwater or flows away through soil inflow, part of it is lost through evapotranspiration, and part of it is lost with surface runoff. Therefore, the surface and soil water storage and water change process are important indicators of the environmental process of terrestrial ecosystems, and their joint measurement and quantitative expression are particularly important.

In the over-wet surface environment, such as various types of wetlands, temporary flooding areas, and lakes and rivers with significant water level fluctuations, part of the water in the surface environment is stored in the soil, and part of it is stored on the surface, and it is constantly changing. Carry out space-time interactive transformation. The fluctuation monitoring of near-surface single-point water storage includes the detection of soil water storage and surface water storage. The existence forms and characteristics of these two parts of water elements are of great significance to terrestrial ecosystems. At present, the traditional observation method of surface and soil water storage, because of the difference in interface characteristics, separates soil water and surface water, and does not conduct joint measurement. Large water accumulation areas such as reservoirs and rivers generally only measure water level heights. Generally, only soil water storage is measured in non-water accumulation areas. But generally speaking, the existence of water elements in any surface environment is a continuous transformation of time and space, and there is no time-space separation of water elements on the interface between the surface and the underground. The fluctuation characteristics of water elements, especially the over-humid surface environment, due to its unique hydrological characteristics, the soil water storage and surface water storage cannot be ignored, so it is necessary to improve the traditional measuring instruments and measure these two kinds of water storage at the same time to obtain the near-surface Environmental water storage.

Evaporation and infiltration are important contents of hydrological monitoring. Evaporation mainly includes soil water evaporation and water surface evaporation, and infiltration is divided into soil saturated infiltration and unsaturated infiltration.

Traditional small water surface evaporation instruments are often placed in mid-air above 70cm above the ground, away from the real environment of the ground surface, and the measurement accuracy is not high. Traditional large water surface evaporation instruments are particularly inconvenient to install due to their bulky volume.

Most traditional soil lysimeters can only measure soil infiltration and soil water evaporation under unsaturated conditions. When the soil water content is saturated and the surface is waterlogged, it cannot measure soil infiltration and water surface evaporation. Therefore, the traditional lysimetry instrument is not suitable for the measurement of the water accumulation area, only suitable for the field measurement.

The lysimeter measurement of the wet surface environment is different from the field soil lysimeter measurement and the water accumulation area lysimeter measurement. The wet surface environment, such as various types of wetlands, temporary flooding areas, and lakes with significant water changes Rivers, etc. have their unique features, that is, sometimes the same measurement point is flooded with water, and sometimes there is no water. Therefore, if you want to measure the lysimeter of the wet surface environment, you need to take into account the lysimeter measurement of the soil and the lysimeter measurement of the surface water. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the traditional observation instruments in order to achieve the effect of being used in the over-wet surface environment.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage. The combined monitoring of lysimeter and other change processes is especially suitable for the monitoring of wetland and other over-wet surface environments.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

An integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, comprising a soil water storage measuring instrument and a water pipe; The lower pipe of the upper pipe and the lower pipe is provided with a connecting pipe that can communicate with the outside world. The upper pipe, the lower pipe and the communicating pipe are connected to each other. A piston slides on the tube wall, and a traction motor pushes the piston to move up and down in the lower tube, and the traction motor is connected with the soil water storage measuring instrument for signals.

In the integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, the piston is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the water volume in the water volume pipe.

In the integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, the connecting pipe 1 is provided with an electronically controlled valve 1 for controlling the flow of external water into and out of the water volume pipe.

In the integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument, the water flow pipe also includes an induction pipe located above the earth surface, a hydraulic pressure sensor is provided at the bottom of the induction pipe, and a position where the bottom of the induction pipe connects with the earth surface is provided. There is a connecting pipe 2 communicating with the outside world. The connecting pipe 2 is provided with an electric control valve 2. The upper pipe and the induction pipe are connected with the connecting pipe 3. The connecting pipe 3 is flush with the connecting pipe 2. The pipe three is provided with an electric control valve three.

The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument is also provided with a vertically penetrating medium tank, the medium tank has two parallel and opposite tank walls, and the lower parts of the two tank walls are vertically equipped with multiple A plurality of electrode grooves arranged at equal intervals, wherein a positive electrode plate is embedded in the electrode groove of one groove wall, and a negative electrode plate is embedded in the electrode groove of the other groove wall, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are parallel to each other and form a Capacitor space; the electrode plate is connected to the central processing module.

In the integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, the medium tank has a plurality of equally spaced medium tank middle walls between the two tank walls, and a temperature sensor is provided at the center of each medium tank middle wall.

The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument is also provided with a plurality of water storages at different depths, wherein at least one of the water storages is provided with a downward seepage water collection piece, and a horizontal pusher can make the downward seepage water collection The sheet slides horizontally relative to the moisture storage and protrudes from the side of the casing, and the moisture storage and the horizontal pushing device realize circuit connection with the central processing module.

In the integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, the interior of the water storage is filled with sponge and the container wall is provided with an electric heating evaporation sheet, and the bottom of the water storage is provided with a weighing water sensor.

In the integrated measuring instrument for ground surface and soil water storage, the seepage water collection sheet has a metal groove, and an inclined water diversion groove is extended from the bottom of one side of the metal groove, and the horizontal pushing device can make the drinking water groove relative to the water The storage tank is contacted or isolated, absorbent paper is laid on the metal tank and the water diversion tank, and iron sand is laid on the upper part of the metal tank.

The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument also includes an evaporation barrel above the earth surface, a water level sensor is arranged inside the evaporation barrel, and an electric control is installed on the wall of the evaporation barrel 15 cm away from the bottom of the barrel. Valve four controls external water to flow into the evaporation bucket.

In the integrated measuring instrument for surface and soil water storage, the instrument also includes a moisture removal and ventilation device, which includes a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is located between the upper pipe and the first upper pipe and is located above the ground surface, and the ventilation pipe The upper part of the pipe is provided with a ventilation fan, and the lower part of the ventilation pipe is provided with an air suction port.

The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument also includes a vertical leveling device at the upper part, a fixed plate at the middle, and a conical placement head at the lower end. The vertical leveling device includes a hammer-type vertical sensor, a circular level bubble-type spirit level.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model adopting the above-mentioned technical solution has the advantage that: the integrated measuring instrument integrates the water storage measuring instrument and the lysimeter, and realizes the changes of surface and soil water storage and its lysimeter, etc. Joint monitoring of the process, and compact structure, easy to use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the decomposition structure of the utility model;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the utility model after removing the housing;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the heavy hammer type leveling device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the heavy hammer type leveling device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the evaporating barrel of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of the water meter unit of the utility model;

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the water meter unit of the utility model;

Fig. 9 is a structural view of the piston in the water meter unit of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the angle of the piston of the utility model located in the water meter unit;

Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seepage water collection module of the present invention;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the seepage water collection module and the pushing device of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the fixed plate of the present invention.

Description of reference signs: 1-housing; 11-medium tank; 111-tank wall; 1111-electrode plate; 112-middle wall; 1121-measurement hole; 1122-dust plug; 113-temperature sensor; 2-evaporation barrel ;21-water level sensor; 22-electric control valve; 3-vertical leveling device; 31-weight vertical sensor; 311-weight ball; 312-electrode tube; 313-alarm; 32-circular level bubble level; 4-conical placement head; 5-fixed flat plate; 51-fixed pin; 6-horizontal push device; 61-stepper motor; 62-thin hydraulic jack; 63-push plate; Groove; 711-water diversion tank; 72-absorbent paper; 73-iron sand; 74-plug; 8-water storage; 81-sponge; 82-electric evaporator; 83-weighing water sensor; 91-central processing chip; 92-power supply; 93-data memory; 94-voltage and current controller; 95-water storage measurement unit; 951-capacitance water volume converter; 952-piston movement controller; -Humidity exhaust and ventilation device; 101-induction tube; 102-upper tube; 103-communication tube one; 104-electric control valve one; - Electric control valve three; 109 - piston; 1091 - pressure sensor; 1092 - scale bar; 1093 - T-shaped chute.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, and the advantages and characteristics of the utility model will become clearer along with the description.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of surface and soil water storage measuring instrument provided by the utility model includes a housing 1, and one side of the housing 1 has a vertically penetrating housing 1 The rectangular columnar medium tank 11 at the upper and lower ends is fixed with an evaporation barrel 2 on the upper part of the housing 1 away from the other side of the intervening tank. The bottom of the housing 1 is connected with a conical placement head 4. Rotate and fold the two fixed plates 5, and the ends of the fixed plates 5 are provided with fixed pins 51 that can be folded and stored, so as to reduce strong runoff, animals, etc. causing inclination to the measuring instrument.

The top of the housing 1 is equipped with a weight type vertical sensor 31 and a circular level bubble type 32 .

In this embodiment, the central processing module 9 is located at the bottom of the vertical leveling device 3 and is located in the housing 1 on the top of the fixed plate 5. The central processing module 9 includes a central processing chip 91, an intelligent power supply 92, and a data memory 93 , a voltage and current controller 94, a water storage measurement unit 95, wherein the water storage measurement unit 95 includes: a capacitance water conversion device 951, a piston movement controller 952 and a piston traction motor 953, and the central processing module 9 is connected to the water storage respectively The measuring instrument is electrically connected to the moisture lysimeter, and the central processing chip 91 can realize the setting of the sampling period and error correction of the measurement data according to the needs of the user.

Wherein, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the circular level bubble type 32 is arranged on the top of the weight type vertical sensor 31. When setting up the instrument, always keep the bubble in the middle position, so that the instrument can be set vertically, and the weight Type vertical sensor 31 comprises weight ball 311, electrode tube 312 and alarm 313, and described weight ball 311 is connected negative pole by wire, and described electrode tube 312 surrounds wire and weight ball 311, and described electrode tube 312 is connected positive pole; When the instrument is not vertical, the weight ball 311 contacts the electrode tube 312, and the alarm 313 alarms. When the instrument is vertical, the weight ball 311 separates from the electrode tube 312, and the alarm 313 ends the alarm. Within the tolerance range of the error, the alarm 32 will The measured eccentricity value is transmitted to the central processing module 9 through an electric signal, and the central processing module 9 performs error correction on the corresponding measurement data according to the eccentricity value.

As shown in Figures 1 and 6, a water level sensor 21 (a capacitive liquid level sensor in this embodiment) is provided inside the evaporation barrel 2, and an electronically controlled valve 22 is installed on the side of the evaporation barrel 2 facing away from the instrument for Control the external water flow in and out of the evaporation barrel 2, wherein the distance from the electric control valve 22 of the present embodiment to the bottom of the barrel is 15 cm, and the electric control valve 22 and the water level sensor 21 pass through the electronic circuit board built in the bottom of the barrel and the central processing module 9 of the instrument The central processing chip 91 is connected to transmit measurement data and electrical signals. Evaporation barrel 2 is used to measure the evaporation amount and evaporation rate of surface water.

The measuring and using process of described evaporating bucket 2 is as follows:

1) Fill up the evaporation tank 2 with water before measurement.

2) The central processing chip 91 in the central processing module 9 judges whether there is surface water in the outside world through the water level sensor 21 at the bottom of the evaporation barrel 2 . If there is no surface water, then close the evaporation barrel 2; if there is surface water, then judge whether the surface water level is greater than 15cm.

3) If it is less than 15cm, then do not open the electronic control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2, and directly start measuring the evaporation through the capacitive liquid level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2; if it is greater than 15cm, open the electronic control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2, so Moisture flows in and out of the evaporation barrel 2 freely until the internal and external water levels are consistent, and then the electric control valve 22 is closed. Turn on the water level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2 afterwards to measure.

4) When the surface water is greater than 15cm, the electric control valve 22 is opened once every 1-24 hours (set according to the evaporation intensity) to perform a water level balance. Evaporation is measured by accumulation to ensure the accuracy of evaporation data.

As shown in Figure 13, when the casing 1 is inserted into the soil to be tested in the wet surface environment at the lower part of the fixed plate 5, the intervening groove is filled with soil and water medium, the intervening groove is a rectangular column, and the medium The groove 11 has two parallel and opposite groove walls 111 and a middle wall 112 located between the two parallel groove walls 111. The middle wall 112 is composed of a plurality of middle walls 112 of the medium groove 11 arranged at equal intervals, and the middle wall 112 of each medium groove 11 A measuring hole 1121 is formed between them, and each measuring hole 1121 is plugged with a dust-proof plug 1122 when it is not working; the groove wall 111 of the medium tank 11 is made of silicon rubber material to ensure that the medium tank is not affected by the measurement. 11 Inductive interference: The two groove walls 111 are vertically provided with a plurality of detachable electrode grooves arranged at equal intervals, which can regularly replace electrode plates damaged by soil wear.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a positive electrode plate is embedded in one row of electrode grooves, and a negative electrode plate is embedded in the other row of electrode grooves. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are parallel to each other and form a capacitor space; The electrode plates are all electrically connected to the capacitive water volume converter 951 in the water storage measurement unit 95 in the central processing module 9. In the present embodiment, each column of the electrode slots has 10, and the height of each electrode plate is 10cm, the interval between each electrode plate (i.e. the measuring hole 1121) is 1mm, the height of each middle wall 112 is consistent with the height of the electrode plate; the central position of each medium wall 112 is provided with a temperature sensor 113 (that is, the utility model has 10), the temperature signal obtained by the temperature sensor 113 is transmitted to a plurality of capacitive water volume converters 951 in the central processing module 9, for correcting the accuracy of water volume conversion.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7 to Fig. 10, the housing 1 of the surface and soil water storage measuring instrument is also provided with a water flow pipe, the water flow pipe includes: an induction pipe 101, an upper pipe 102 and a lower pipe, the induction pipe 101 And the upper pipe 102 is located above the ground surface, the lower pipe is located below the ground surface, the bottom of the induction pipe 101 and the bottom of the upper pipe 102 are located at the soil interface and are provided with horizontal connecting pipes and electric control valves. Between the pipe 101 and the upper pipe 102, a connecting pipe and an electric control valve are also provided. Among them, in the present utility model, those connected to the sensing pipe 101 are called the connecting pipe two 105 (the filter screen is arranged inside) and the electric control valve two 106 , connecting the upper pipe 102 is the connecting pipe one 103 and the electric control valve one 104, and between the induction pipe 101 and the upper pipe 102 is the connecting pipe three 107 and the electric control valve three 108. The integrated measuring instrument also includes a moisture removal and ventilation device 10, including a ventilation pipe, the ventilation pipe is located between the induction pipe 101 and the upper pipe 102 and above the ground surface, the upper part of the ventilation pipe is provided with a ventilation fan, and the lower part of the ventilation pipe Equipped with air suction port.

The bottom of the induction tube 101 is provided with a hydraulic sensor, and a piston 109 capable of sliding along the tube wall chute is provided in the tube of the lower tube, which is a T-shaped chute 1093 in this embodiment, and the T-shaped chute 1093 goes up to Level with the ground, down to the bottom of the lower pipe, the lower pipe is provided with a traction line tube (built-in pulley and traction line, not shown in the figure) at the level with the ground and at the bottom (that is, within the range of movement of the piston 109), through The piston movement controller 952 pushes the piston traction motor 953 to move, thereby driving the piston 109 in the lower tube to move downward. The initial position of the piston 109 is located at the level of the lower tube and the ground. Sensor 1091. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 1091 is a pressure sensor or a laser measuring sensor used to measure the volume of the whole water in the water pipe. A vertical scale bar 1092 is also embedded on one side of the piston 109. The scale bar 1092 is made of light plastic, and the 0 scale on the scale bar 1092 is located at the top of the piston 109, and the scale gradually becomes larger from bottom to top.

The measurement process of the capacitance water volume converter 951 and the water volume pipe in the water storage volume is as follows:

1) The capacitance space (capacitance unit) formed by the positive and negative electrode plates on the two tank walls 111 of the dielectric tank 11 adopts the principle of dielectric and capacitance, and measures segmentally from top to bottom. Firstly, the first capacitance unit is measured for capacitance , the measured capacitance signal is transmitted to the capacitance water volume converter 951 through the signal transmitter, and the capacitance water volume converter 951 converts the capacitance signal into a water volume signal, and pushes the piston traction motor 953 to move through the piston movement controller 952, thereby driving the water volume in the lower pipe The piston 109 moves downwards, that is, the measurement of the first capacitance unit is completed, and then the measurement of the next measurement unit is performed, and the capacitance of each capacitance unit is measured from top to bottom in turn until the measurement is completed.

2) After the measurement is completed, the position of the piston 109 is fixed, and the downward movement distance of the piston 109 is recorded, and the sliding distance is the water volume in the measurement area. The electronic control valve 2 106 is opened, and after the water balance, the central processing chip 91 judges whether there is surface water through the hydraulic sensor at the bottom of the sensing tube 101, and if there is no surface water, the measurement ends. If there is surface water, the electric control valve one 103 is opened, and the surface water flows into the water flow pipe. After the liquid level is stable, the liquid level sensor therein measures the water volume in the water flow pipe, and the unit is mm, and records it.

3) The central processing chip 91 calculates soil water storage, surface water storage, and near-surface water storage, which are displayed on the electronic display and stored in the data memory 93 in real time. The water storage near the surface can also be directly read in the instrument water meter, and the read data is used for field meter reading detection and correction.

4) When the next measurement cycle starts, the piston 109 first returns to the initial position automatically.

As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, there are a plurality of water storage tanks 8 at different depths in the housing 1, the water storage tanks 8 are rectangular columnar containers, and the upper opening of the container is in contact with the middle wall of the medium tank 11. The measuring hole 1121 on the 112 is kept at the same level, and the inside of the moisture storage 8 is filled with a water-absorbing sponge 81 with a fixed mass when dry. The water-absorbing sponge 81 is not close to the moisture storage 8, and an electric heating evaporation sheet 82 is provided outside the container wall. , for quickly evaporating the moisture in the sponge 81 , the bottom of the moisture storage 8 is provided with a weighing water sensor 83 and is electrically connected with the central processing module 9 .

Wherein at least one moisture reservoir 8 is provided with seepage water collection piece 7, and described seepage water collection piece 7 is to promote inserting type collection piece and can move and disassemble, is hidden in measuring instrument under normal circumstances, and described seepage water collection piece 7 7 can slide horizontally relative to the moisture storage 8, and the lower seepage water collecting piece 7 is protruded from the measuring hole 1121 of the wall 112 of the medium tank 11 of the housing 1 by the horizontal pushing device 6 into the medium tank 11 to collect water, The seepage water collecting sheet 7 has a metal groove 71, and an inclined water diversion groove 711 extends from the bottom of one side of the metal groove 71; Iron sand 73 with a radius of 0.2 mm to 1 mm is laid as a moisture permeation-conducting layer and a suction blocking layer.

The horizontal pushing device 6 is connected with the central processing module 9 in a circuit. In this embodiment, the horizontal pushing device 6 is a stepping motor type pushing device 6, including a stepping motor 61, a thin hydraulic jack 62 and a pushing plate 63, and the stepping motor 61 drives the thin hydraulic jack 62 in the housing 1 Push this push plate 63, there are a plurality of push bars on the said push plate 63, the position of the push bar corresponds to the position and the height of the measuring hole 1121; The plug 74 at the end engages with the slot of the push plate 63 .

When not measuring, the absorbent paper 72 of the water diversion groove 711 of the seepage water collection sheet 7 is isolated from the moisture storage 8; before the measurement, set the water seepage collection height, and insert the water seepage collection sheet 7 into the measuring hole 1121 of the set height During measurement, the horizontal pushing device 6 pushes the lower seepage collecting piece 7 to protrude from the side of the casing 1 into the medium tank 11 , and the water guide tank 711 is in contact with the moisture storage 8 . When the measurement is finished and the instrument is retracted, the water seepage collecting sheet 7 is pressed to eject automatically.

The measuring and using process of described water volume reservoir and seepage water collecting piece 7 is as follows:

1) The positive and negative electrode plates in the medium tank 11 perform initial value measurement. Starting from the first layer of capacitance unit, the soil water storage is measured layer by layer through sensors, and the measurement results are transmitted to the water storage measurement unit 95 of the central processing module 9, From the first layer measurement to the last layer, the time is no more than 10s; from the initial measurement, measure once at regular intervals, and pass the data to the central processing chip 91 of the central processing module 9 for calculation, and obtain the soil infiltration and Soil evaporation and other data, and store the data in the data storage.

2) Before the measurement, set the height of the infiltration water collection, insert the infiltration water collection piece 7 into the measuring hole 1121 of the set height, and perform the initial measurement with the infiltration water collection module. The initial weight of the initial measurement value is transmitted to the central processing chip 91; the moisture in the soil enters the water volume storage through the seepage water collection sheet 7, and is measured once every fixed time, and the data is transmitted to the central processing unit for calculation to obtain the following Infiltration volume data is collected and stored.

3) When the water in the water volume storage is saturated, the measurement is suspended, and the electric heating evaporator 82 on the outer wall of the water volume storage is turned on to quickly evaporate the moisture in the water volume storage. The sum of the final measured water volume is the total infiltration water collection volume.

According to the above content, the measurement process of a kind of surface and soil water storage measuring instrument of the present invention is as follows:

1. Instrument placement

1) Set the height of seepage water collection, and insert the bottom seepage water collection piece 7 into the measuring hole 1121 of the set height.

2) Open the fixed plate 5, insert the instrument into the fixed point, keep the level bubble at the top of the instrument in the middle of the circular level at all times when inserting, stop inserting when the insertion depth reaches a fixed level, open the fixed flat folding fixing pin 51, and insert into the soil on both sides , to fix.

2. Automatic calibration of the instrument

Start the instrument, the instrument will self-test, first check the vertical condition of the instrument, record the eccentricity angle, start measuring within the error range, if it exceeds the error range, it will alarm until it is adjusted to the vertical state.

3. Initialization of the instrument

1) After installing the instrument, fill the evaporation tank 2 with water.

2) Input the reference parameters and measurement frequency required for instrument measurement with the electronic handbook, and enter the automatic measurement mode.

3) The instrument automatically controls the stepper motor 61-type pusher 6 to eject the seepage water collection sheet 7 into the medium tank 11.

4. Measurement starts

1. The central processing unit judges whether it is raining or not through the water level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2;

1) If there is no rain:

The central processing unit controls the electric control valve 2 106 to open, and the liquid level sensor in the sensing tube 101 detects whether there is water on the ground surface.

2) If there is no surface water:

Close the measuring device of the evaporation barrel 2, and no longer measure the surface evaporation;

Close the water volume storage device and the seepage water collection sheet 7 device, and do not collect and measure the seepage water under the soil;

Close all electric control valves of the water volume pipe, and no longer open all connecting pipes;

Open the capacitance unit in the medium tank 11 to measure the soil water lysimeter and soil water storage;

3) If there is rainfall or surface water, the measurement process is as follows;

The surface evaporation, evaporation rate measurement process:

1. Determine whether the surface water level is greater than 15cm.

2. If it is less than 15cm, do not open the electronic control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2, and directly start measuring the evaporation through the capacitive liquid level sensor 21 in the evaporation barrel 2; if it is greater than 15cm, open the electronic control valve 22 of the evaporation barrel 2, so that Water freely enters and exits the evaporation barrel 2 until the internal and external water levels are consistent, then closes the electric control valve 22, and then turns on the liquid level sensor in the evaporation barrel 2, starting from the initial value, every 1-24 hours (set according to the evaporation intensity) to measure and The electronic control valve 22 is opened once to perform a water level balance, and the data is transmitted to the central processor for calculation to obtain data such as evaporation amount and evaporation rate, and store them; the evaporation amount is measured by accumulative means to ensure the accuracy of evaporation data .

The measurement process of described soil infiltration, evaporation and water storage is as follows:

1. Capacitance measurement is performed from top to bottom segmented capacitance units, and the measured capacitance signal is transmitted to the capacitance water volume converter 951 and the central processing chip 91 for calculation; wherein,

The capacitive water volume converter 951 converts the capacitive signal into a water volume signal, and drives the piston traction motor 953 to move through the piston movement controller 952, thereby driving the piston in the down tube to move downwards, that is, to complete the measurement of the first capacitive unit, and then proceed to the next step. For the measurement of a measurement unit, measure the capacitance of each capacitance unit from top to bottom in turn until the measurement is completed;

The central processing chip 91 converts the capacitance signal into data such as soil infiltration and soil evaporation, and stores the data in a data storage.

2. After the measurement is completed, the position of the piston 109 is fixed, and the downward movement distance of the piston 109 is recorded, and the sliding distance is the water volume in the measurement area. The electric control valve 2 106 is opened, and the surface water flows into the lower pipe. After the liquid level becomes stable, the liquid level sensor therein measures the water volume in the water measuring pipe, and the unit is mm, and records it.

3. The central processing chip 91 calculates soil water storage, surface water storage, and near-surface water storage, which are displayed on the electronic display and stored in the data memory 93 in real time. The water storage near the surface can also be read directly in the lower tube of the instrument, and the read data is used for field meter reading detection and correction.

4. When the next measurement cycle starts, the piston 109 first automatically returns to the initial position. Starting from the initial measurement, it is measured at regular intervals.

5. At the same time, the weighing sensor in the water volume storage measures the initial weight in the water volume storage, and transmits the initial measurement value to the central processing chip 91; the moisture in the soil enters the water volume storage through the seepage water collection piece 7, and every Measure once at a fixed time, and transmit the data to the central processing unit for calculation to obtain the data of infiltration water collection, and store it.

6. When the water in the water volume storage is saturated, the measurement is suspended, and the electric heating evaporator 82 on the outer wall of the water volume storage is turned on to rapidly evaporate the water in the water volume storage. The sum of the final measured water volume is the total infiltration water collection volume.

Five, central processing module 9 data processing and output

1. According to the data measured by the sensor in the evaporation barrel 2, calculate the surface water storage, evaporation, evaporation rate and other data;

2. Calculate the evaporation, infiltration and water storage of soil water according to the data measured by the capacitance unit;

3. Based on the data measured by the sensor of the water volume storage, the leakage of soil water through the soil layer is calculated.

Calculated based on the above data, the change of surface and soil water storage with surface runoff:

Calculation formula:

Surface and soil water storage losses

= (surface and soil water storage at the previous time - surface and soil water storage at the next time) + surface evaporation + soil lysifiltration

A positive value indicates loss of surface and soil water storage.

A negative value indicates an increase in surface and soil water storage.

4. The measured data is transmitted to the measurement electronic handbook through the Bluetooth module.

The above descriptions and examples are only exemplary, and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the details and forms of the technical solution of the utility model can be modified or replaced, but these modifications and replacements all fall within the protection scope of the utility model .

Claims (12)

1. An integrated measuring instrument for soil and soil water storage capacity is characterized by comprising a soil water storage capacity measuring instrument and a water quantity pipe; soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu is located below the earth's surface, the water yield pipe includes that one is located the top tube more than the earth's surface and one is located the lower tube below the earth's surface, top tube and lower tube juncture are equipped with one communicating pipe that can communicate with the external world, communicate each other between top tube, lower tube and the communicating pipe, be equipped with one in the lower tube of water yield pipe and follow the gliding piston of pipe wall, a traction motor promotes the piston is at the intraductal up-and-down motion of lower tube, traction motor and soil water storage capacity measuring apparatu signal connection.

2. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piston is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the amount of water in the water measuring tube.

3. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first communicating pipe is provided with a first electrically controlled valve for controlling an external water inlet and outlet burette.

4. The integrated measuring instrument for the earth surface and the soil water storage capacity according to claim 1, wherein the water measuring tube further comprises a sensing tube positioned above the earth surface, a hydraulic sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sensing tube, a communicating tube II communicated with the outside is arranged at the position where the bottom of the sensing tube is connected with the earth surface, an electric control valve II is arranged on the communicating tube II, a communicating tube III for the upper tube and the sensing tube is communicated, the communicating tube III is flush with the communicating tube II, and an electric control valve III is arranged on the communicating tube III.

5. The integrated measuring instrument for the water storage capacity of the earth surface and the soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a vertically through medium tank is further provided, the medium tank is provided with two parallel opposite tank walls, the lower parts of the two tank walls are respectively provided with a plurality of electrode tanks arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction, wherein, the electrode tank of one tank wall is internally embedded with a positive electrode plate, the electrode tank of the other tank wall is internally embedded with a negative electrode plate, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are parallel and opposite to each other and form a capacitance space; the electrode plate is connected with the central processing module.

6. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of medium tank middle walls are arranged between the two tank walls of the medium tank, and a temperature sensor is arranged at the central position of each medium tank middle wall.

7. The integrated surface and soil water storage measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of moisture reservoirs at different depths, wherein at least one of the moisture reservoirs is provided with a lower seepage water collecting piece, a horizontal pushing device enables the lower seepage water collecting piece to horizontally slide relative to the moisture reservoir and extend out of the side surface of the casing, and the moisture reservoir and the horizontal pushing device are in circuit connection with the central processing module.

8. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 7, wherein the moisture storage is filled with sponge and the wall of the container is externally provided with an electric heating evaporation sheet, and the bottom of the moisture storage is provided with a weighing type water quantity sensor.

9. The integrated surface and soil water storage amount measuring instrument as claimed in claim 7, wherein the lower water seepage collecting piece has a metal groove, a slanting water guiding groove extends from the bottom of one side of the metal groove, the horizontal pushing device can make the water guiding groove contact or separate with respect to the water storage device, the water absorbing paper is laid on the metal groove and the water guiding groove, and iron sand is laid on the upper part of the metal groove.

10. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising an evaporation barrel located above the surface of the earth, wherein a water level sensor is arranged inside the evaporation barrel, and an electric control valve is arranged on the barrel wall of the evaporation barrel 15cm away from the barrel bottom to control the outside water to flow into the evaporation barrel.

11. The integrated surface and soil water storage amount measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a moisture-removing and air-exchanging device including a ventilation pipe, wherein the ventilation pipe is located between the upper pipe and the first upper pipe and above the surface of the earth, a ventilation fan is arranged on the upper portion of the ventilation pipe, and an air suction opening is arranged on the lower portion of the ventilation pipe.

12. The integrated surface and soil water storage capacity measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a vertical leveling device at an upper portion, a middle fixing plate, and a conical mounting head at a lower end, wherein the vertical leveling device comprises a weight type vertical sensor and a circular level bubble type level.