CN204259212U - Lighting device with brightness adjustment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a have illuminator of luminance adjustment, it sets up on a base plate by a plurality of luminous regions to through these some luminous regions of a power control module electric connection and an input power, this input power is switched into a plurality of power supplies to this power control module, these some light emitting diode that these some power supplies ordered about different regions switch on and give off light, with the user demand who adjusts luminous region according to the user demand, therefore the user demand of luminance that varies is adjusted.

Description

Lighting device with brightness adjustment

technical field

The utility model relates to a light emitting device, in particular to a light emitting device with brightness adjustment.

Background technique

Due to the gradual shortage of petrochemical energy in modern times and the increasing demand for energy-saving products, the technology of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has made great progress. Under the condition of unstable oil prices, countries around the world are actively investing in the development of energy-saving products, based on the light-emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode, LED) has more lightweight, long life, power saving, fast switching speed, monochrome With the advantages of high reliability and high reliability, energy-saving optoelectronic components have been developed for light-emitting diodes. As the trend of energy saving and carbon saving continues to rise, the lighting market of light-emitting diodes is gradually expanding, and they are replacing traditional light sources such as traditional cold-cathode tubes, halogen lamps or incandescent bulbs. However, the application of light emitting diodes still has its disadvantages, that is, the luminous efficiency of light emitting diodes is still lower than that of traditional light sources. For indoor and outdoor lighting equipment, high-voltage light-emitting diodes with higher luminance are more suitable for today's lighting needs. Therefore, high-voltage light-emitting diodes are widely developed for application-end products in response to lighting needs.

However, no matter the general LED or the high-voltage LED, they all emit light by turning on a single threshold voltage, that is, as long as a single voltage higher than the threshold value is supplied to drive the LED to emit light, the driving circuit of the general LED can only be It can drive light-emitting diodes to provide a single brightness. As far as a single lighting device with light-emitting diodes is concerned, it can only provide a single brightness, and cannot provide different brightness in response to different brightness requirements. In this way, if it is used by one person or used by multiple people, it is a single brightness.

Furthermore, as far as the driving circuits on the general market are concerned, they only supply power suitable for driving light-emitting diodes, and do not further control the light-emitting area of the light-emitting diode or the light-emitting area of the light-emitting device as a whole, so as to adjust the ambient brightness or save energy. , so today's light-emitting devices with light-emitting diodes can only achieve energy saving through luminous efficiency.

According to the above problems, the present invention provides a light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, which not only provides different brightness, but also can change the light-emitting area.

Utility model content

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, which uses different power sources to drive the light-emitting area to meet different brightness requirements.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives and effects, the utility model discloses a light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, which includes a substrate, a first light-emitting area, a second light-emitting area, and a power control module. The first light-emitting area and the second light-emitting area are arranged on the substrate. The power control module is electrically connected to the first light-emitting area and the second light-emitting area. The power control module is electrically connected to a power supply unit to switch the power supplied by the power supply unit. The input power is a first power supply and a second power supply, the first power supply drives the first light-emitting area to emit light, and the second power supply drives the first light-emitting area and the second light-emitting area to emit light. In this way, the first light-emitting area and the second light-emitting area are controlled to emit light according to different brightnesses.

Following the above technical solution, wherein the first light emitting region and the second light emitting region are respectively provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes.

Following the above technical solution, it further includes a plurality of third light-emitting regions and a plurality of fourth light-emitting regions, wherein when the supply voltages are sequentially lowered in potential, the first light-emitting regions to the fourth light-emitting regions are sequentially at different The area stops glowing and reduces brightness.

Following the above technical solution, it further includes a plurality of third light-emitting regions and a plurality of fourth light-emitting regions. Area glows and increases brightness.

Following the above technical solution, a bridge rectification unit is further included, which is arranged between the input power and the power control module, and rectifies the input power to generate a rectified power to the power control module.

Following the above technical solution, wherein the first light emitting regions are arranged symmetrically, and the second light emitting regions are also arranged symmetrically.

Following the above technical solution, wherein the first light emitting regions are arranged asymmetrically, and the second light emitting regions are also arranged asymmetrically.

Following the above technical solution, wherein the first light emitting region and the second light emitting region are electrically connected in series.

The utility model also provides a light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, which comprises:

a substrate;

a plurality of light-emitting regions, which are arranged on the substrate, and the light-emitting regions are symmetrically arranged; and

A power control module, which is electrically connected to the light-emitting areas and an input power supply, the power control module switches the input power into multiple power supplies and supplies at least one pair of the power supplies to the light-emitting areas, so as to Driving at least one pair of the corresponding light emitting regions to emit light symmetrically.

Following the above technical solution, the light emitting areas are respectively provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes.

Following the above technical solution, when the potentials of the supply power sources rise sequentially, the light-emitting areas start to emit light in different areas sequentially from the inside to the outside and increase the brightness.

Following the above technical solution, when the potentials of the supply power sources are sequentially lowered, the light emitting regions stop emitting light in different regions sequentially and reduce the brightness.

Following the above technical solution, a bridge rectification unit is further included, which is arranged between the input power and the power control module, and rectifies the input power to generate a rectified power to the power control module.

Following the above technical solution, the light emitting regions are electrically connected in series.

Beneficial effects of implementing the utility model: the brightness-adjustable light-emitting device of the utility model uses the power control module to adjust the light-emitting areas connected in series, and presents different light-emitting patterns according to different brightness usage requirements, thereby achieving different brightness.

Description of drawings

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1: it is the schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 2A: It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light-emitting areas in another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2B: it is a schematic circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3A: It is the schematic diagram before the input power rectification of another preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3B: It is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention after rectification of the input power supply;

Fig. 4A: It is a schematic diagram of the potential increase of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4B: It is a schematic diagram of the change of the light emitting area in another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5A: It is the schematic diagram of the potential decrease of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5B: It is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the utility model for changing the light-emitting area;

Figure 6: It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light-emitting areas in another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7A: It is a schematic diagram of potential increasing in another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7B: It is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the utility model for changing the light-emitting area;

Fig. 8A: It is the schematic diagram of the potential decrease of another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 8B : It is a schematic diagram of the change of the light-emitting area in another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[Description of drawing number comparison]

10 light emitting device

11 Power supply unit

12 Substrate

14 The first luminous area

16 Second luminous area

18 Power control module

182 switch

100 light fixtures

101 Power supply unit

101a capacitor

102 bridge rectifier unit

103 First Line

104 second line

105 Third Line

106 Fourth Line

107 Fifth Line

108 power control module

200 substrates

201 The first luminous area

202 Second luminous area

203 The third luminous area

204 The fourth luminous area

A11 Luminous area

A22 Luminous area

A33 Luminous area

C Central luminous area

L1 first light state

L2 Second light state

L3 third light state

L4 fourth light state

L11 The first light state

L12 Second light state

L13 The third light state

L14 The fourth light state

301 First LED

302 Second LED

303 Third LED

304 Fourth LED

V1 first potential

V2 second potential

V3 third potential

V4 fourth potential

P1 First power supply

P2 Second power supply

P3 third power supply

P4 Fourth power supply

P11 First power supply

P12 Second power supply

P13 Third power supply

P14 Fourth power supply

VIN input power

VR rectifier power supply

Detailed ways

In order to have a further understanding and understanding of the structural features and the achieved effects of the utility model, a detailed description is provided in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, as follows:

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the light emitting device 10 of the present invention is provided with a power supply unit 11, a substrate 12, a plurality of first light emitting regions 14, a plurality of second light emitting regions 16 and a power control module 18. The first light-emitting regions 14 and the second light-emitting regions 16 are arranged on the substrate 12 and interspersed with each other. In series connection, wherein the first light-emitting regions 14 and the second light-emitting regions are provided with a plurality of light-emitting diodes respectively, and the arrangement of the light-emitting diodes is generally known technology, so it will not be repeated here. The power control module 18 is arranged between the power supply unit 12 and the light-emitting areas 14 and 16. The power supply unit 11 provides an input power VIN to the power control module 18, and the power control module 18 switches the input power VIN to a first power supply P1 and a second power supply P2. Additionally, a switch 182 controls the power control module 18 .

The first power supply P1 drives the first light emitting regions 14 to emit light, and the second power supply P2 drives the first light emitting regions 14 and the second light emitting regions 16 to emit light simultaneously. The input power in this embodiment is a DC power supply, therefore, the first power supply P1 and the second power supply P2 are also DC power supplies. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the power supply can also be replaced by an AC power supply to meet the current demand for commercial electricity. In addition, the configurations of the first light emitting regions 14 and the second light emitting regions 16 can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically, that is, when the first light emitting regions 14 are symmetrically arranged, the second light emitting regions 16 is also arranged symmetrically, and when the first light emitting regions 14 are arranged asymmetrically, the second light emitting regions 16 are also arranged asymmetrically.

Please refer to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B , which are a schematic diagram and a schematic circuit diagram of the distribution of light emitting regions in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the light-emitting device 100 of the present invention further includes a third light-emitting region and a fourth light-emitting region. As shown in FIG. with a plurality of light emitting regions 201-204. The light emitting area of this embodiment is divided into a first light emitting area 201 , a second light emitting area 202 , a third light emitting area 203 and a fourth light emitting area 204 . The power control module 108 is provided with a first control terminal C1, a second control terminal C2, a first selection terminal S1, a second selection terminal S2, a third selection terminal S3 and a fourth selection terminal S4 to correspond to the substrate 200 on the area. In this embodiment, the first group of LEDs 301 , the second group of LEDs 302 , the third group of LEDs 303 and the fourth group of LEDs 304 are used as examples to correspond to the regions on the substrate 200 . The power control module 108 and the light emitting diodes 301 - 304 are connected in parallel to the capacitor 101 a to be electrically connected to the power supply unit 101 . In addition, this embodiment further includes a bridge rectifier unit 102 .

The first light emitting region 201 to the fourth light emitting region 204 are respectively provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes 301-304, that is, the first light emitting diodes 301 are arranged in the first light emitting region 201, and the second light emitting diodes 302 are arranged in In the second light emitting region 202, the third light emitting diodes 303 are arranged in the third light emitting region 203, and the fourth light emitting diodes 304 are arranged in the fourth light emitting region 204, as shown in FIG. 2B, the second light emitting region 202 The area from the fourth light emitting area 204 is framed, and the area not selected by the frame is the first light emitting area 201 , and the first light emitting area 201 to the fourth light emitting area 204 are interspersed with each other. In addition, the first light emitting region 201 to the fourth light emitting region 204 can also be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically.

The power control module 108 is electrically connected to the light emitting diodes 301-304 and the power supply unit 101. The power control module switches the input power into multiple power supplies with different potentials, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 4A, which can be the first The potential V1 , the second potential V2 , the third potential V3 and the fourth potential V4 , the potentials V1 - V4 of the supply power drive the light emitting diodes 301 - 304 in different areas 201 - 204 to turn on and emit light. In this embodiment, a control switch 110 is further provided, which is electrically connected to the first control terminal C1 and the second control terminal C2 of the power control module 108 to switch the first selection terminal S1 to the fourth selection terminal S4, thereby switching the first potential V1 to the fourth potential V4. The capacitor 101a is connected in parallel between the power supply unit 101 and the power control module 108, and is charged and discharged by the input power VIN of the power supply unit 101, so as to filter out the noise of the input power VIN, and to supply to the light emitting device 10 The input power supply VIN is pressurized.

In addition, since the input power supply VIN of this embodiment is an AC power supply, this embodiment further uses a bridge rectifier unit 102 to rectify the input power supply VIN, and the bridge rectifier unit 102 is arranged between the power supply unit 101 and the light-emitting diodes 301-304, It is also arranged between the power supply unit 101 and the power control module 108. As shown in FIG. 2A, the power supply unit 101 of this embodiment provides positive and negative phase input power VIN, thus forming a continuous curve. The light-emitting diodes 301-304 are high-voltage light-emitting diodes, which cannot emit light under negative potential conditions. Therefore, the bridge rectifier unit 102 rectifies the input power supply VIN into a rectified power supply VR. As shown in FIG. 2B, the rectified power supply VR is in the The positive phase is for the light emitting diodes 301-304 to continuously emit light, and at the same time, the power supply control module 108 is used to adjust the power supply to different potentials.

Please refer to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , which are schematic diagrams of potential increment and light-emitting area change in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3A , since the light emitting diodes of the present invention are arranged in different regions, power sources with different potentials need to be used to drive the light emitting diodes in different regions to emit light.

Since the light-emitting diodes 301-304 in different regions are connected in series in this embodiment, it is necessary to use rectified power supplies with different potentials to drive the light-emitting diodes 301-304 in different regions, that is, use the first power supply P1 to drive the first light-emitting region 201 to emit light. And form the first light emitting pattern L1, use the second power supply P2 to drive the first light emitting region 201 and the second light emitting region 202 to emit light simultaneously, thus forming the second light emitting pattern L2, use the third power supply P3 to drive the first light emitting region 201. The second light-emitting region 202 and the third light-emitting diode 203 emit light at the same time, thus forming a third light-emitting state L3, using the fourth power supply P4 to drive the light-emitting diodes in all regions to emit light, that is, the first light-emitting region 201 to the fourth light-emitting region The region 204 emits light simultaneously by the fourth power supply P4, thus forming a fourth light emitting pattern L4. Above, due to the continuous increase of the light-emitting area, the color temperature of the light-emitting device 10 is continuously increased from the first color temperature to the fourth color temperature, for example: 3000K cool white light is continuously increased to 4500K, 6000K, 7500K warm white light.

Please refer to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B , which are schematic diagrams of potential decrease and light-emitting area change in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 4A and FIG. 5A is that FIG. 4A shows an increasing potential, and FIG. 5A shows a decreasing potential. As shown in the figure, the potential decreases gradually, thus decreasing from the fourth power supply P4 to the first power supply P1, so the light-emitting area of the light-emitting diode emits light simultaneously from the first light-emitting area 201 to the fourth light-emitting area 204 by the fourth power supply P4 , decreasing all the way until only the first light emitting region 201 is left to emit light by the first power supply P1, that is, changing all the way from the fourth light emitting state L4 to the first light emitting state L1.

The above embodiment of decreasing potential is to illustrate that the light-emitting areas are different due to potential changes, and is not limited to the fact that the light-emitting device 10 of the present invention can only decrease or increase the potential to drive LEDs in different light-emitting areas to emit light. As shown in FIG. 1 , the power control module 108 adjusts the route of the light-emitting area and the power supply unit 101 to form a loop according to the use requirements. Generally speaking, the largest light-emitting area is when the power control module 108 switches to the fourth selection terminal S4. Therefore, the first line 103 and the fifth line 107 are connected in series from the first light-emitting region 201 to the fourth light-emitting region 204 to be electrically connected to the power supply unit 101, thus emitting light through the rectified power supply VR provided by the bridge rectifier unit 120 , and the fourth power supply P4 is equal to the rectified power supply VR, that is, the light-emitting diodes 301-304 of the first light-emitting region 201 to the fourth light-emitting region 204 emit light through the fourth power supply P4.

In addition, the power control module 108 can be switched to connect the first light emitting region 201 with the first line 103 and the second line 104 in series, or connect the first light emitting region 201 and the second light emitting region 202 in series with the first line 103 and the third line 105 , or the first line 103 and the fourth line 106 are connected in series from the first light-emitting area 201 to the third light-emitting area 203, so as to adjust the light-emitting diodes in different light-emitting areas to emit light, such as: color temperature and brightness, so that the light-emitting diodes 301 -304 presents different light emitting states, for example, the light emitting state with the highest brightness is the fourth light emitting state L4, and the light emitting state with the lowest brightness is the first light emitting state L1.

Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light emitting regions in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the light-emitting device 10 of the present invention can further set the first light-emitting area 201 as the central light-emitting area C, and set the second light-emitting area 202 as the first pair of symmetrical light-emitting areas A11, and the third light-emitting area 203 The second pair of light-emitting areas A22 is set symmetrically, and the fourth light-emitting area 204 is set as the third pair of light-emitting areas A33 symmetrically. At least one pair of light emitting regions, even more pairs of light emitting regions. At the same time, the first pair of light-emitting areas A11 and the central light-emitting area C emit light synchronously. The first pair of light-emitting areas A11 emits light symmetrically, the second pair of light-emitting areas A22 emits light symmetrically, and the third pair of light-emitting areas A33 emits light symmetrically. Therefore, the light emitting device 10 of the present invention can further provide light for at least one pair of light emitting regions. The following is a detailed description.

Please refer to FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B , which are schematic diagrams of potential increment and light-emitting area change in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 5B and FIG. 7B is that the light emitting regions in FIG. 5B are arranged interspersedly, and the light emitting regions in FIG. 7B are arranged symmetrically. The light-emitting states L11 to L14 in FIG. 7B correspond to the potentials P11 to P14 shown in FIG. 7A with increasing potentials.

In this embodiment, the light-emitting diodes 301-304 in different regions are still connected in series, so the rectified power supplies with different potentials V1-V4 are also used to drive the light-emitting diodes 301-304 in different regions, that is, the first power supply P11 is not used to drive any light-emitting region to emit light to form the first light emitting pattern L11, use the second power supply P12 to drive the first light emitting region 201 and the second light emitting region 202 to emit light at the same time, that is, the central light emitting region C and the symmetrical light emitting region A11 emit light, thus forming the second light emitting Aspect L12 uses the third power supply P13 to drive the first light emitting region 201, the second light emitting region 202 and the third light emitting diode 203 to emit light at the same time, that is, the central light emitting region C and the symmetrical light emitting regions A11 and A22 emit light, thus forming a third In the light emitting mode L13, the fourth power supply P14 is used to drive the light-emitting diodes in all regions to emit light, that is, the first light-emitting region 201 to the fourth light-emitting region 204 emit light at the same time through the fourth power supply P14, that is, the central light-emitting region C is symmetrical to The light-emitting regions A11, A22, and A33 emit light, thus forming the fourth light-emitting state L14. Since the second light-emitting region 202 to the fourth light-emitting region 204 in this embodiment are arranged symmetrically, the light-emitting sequence is from the inside to the outside when the potential increases. The lights start to emit light sequentially, thereby increasing the brightness, but the utility model is not limited thereto and can start to emit light sequentially from the outside to the inside, thus increasing the brightness.

Please refer to FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B , which are schematic diagrams of potential increase and light-emitting area changes in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 7B and FIG. 8B is that FIG. 7B shows increasing brightness of the light-emitting area, and FIG. 8B shows decreasing brightness of the light-emitting area. The light-emitting states L11 to L14 in FIG. 8B are gradually decreasing potentials corresponding to the potentials P11 to P14 shown in FIG. 8A .

As shown in Figure 8A, the potential decreases gradually, thus decreasing from the fourth power supply P4 to the first power supply P11, so the light-emitting area of the light-emitting diode is from the first light-emitting area 201 to the fourth light-emitting area 204 by the fourth power supply P14 Simultaneously emit light, decreasing all the way until no light-emitting area emits light, that is, from the fourth light-emitting state L14 all the way to the first light-emitting state L11, because the first light-emitting area 202 to the fourth light-emitting area 204 in this embodiment are arranged symmetrically , that is, the light emitting areas A11, A22, and A33 are symmetrically arranged, so that the light emitting sequence stops emitting light from the outside to the inside when the potential decreases, and the brightness decreases, but the utility model is not limited to this and can stop emitting light from the inside to the outside , and the brightness is gradually decreased, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the light emitting device 10 . It can be seen from FIG. 7A to FIG. 8B that the light-emitting device of the present invention emits light from at least one pair of symmetrical light-emitting regions, that is, the light-emitting pattern L11, which is a light-emitting pattern that saves power.

To sum up, the utility model is a light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, which uses the power control module to adjust the light-emitting areas connected in series, and presents different light-emitting patterns according to different brightness requirements, thus achieving different brightness.

It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present utility model.

Claims (14)

1. A light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, characterized in that it comprises: a substrate; a plurality of first light emitting regions, which are arranged on the substrate; a plurality of second light emitting regions, which are arranged on the substrate, and the first light emitting regions and the second light emitting regions are interspersed with each other; and A power control module, which is electrically connected to the light-emitting areas and an input power, the power control module switches the input power to a first power supply or a second power supply, and the first power supply drives the first light-emitting areas The regions are turned on and emit light, and the second power supply drives the first light emitting regions and the second light emitting regions to emit light simultaneously. 2 . The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the first light emitting area and the second light emitting area are respectively provided with a plurality of light emitting diodes. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of third light-emitting regions and a plurality of fourth light-emitting regions, wherein when the power supply voltages are sequentially lowered, the first light-emitting regions Up to the fourth light-emitting regions stop emitting light and reduce brightness in different regions sequentially. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of third light-emitting regions and a plurality of fourth light-emitting regions, wherein when the power supply voltages rise in sequence, the first light-emitting regions Up to the fourth light-emitting regions sequentially emit light in different regions and increase the brightness. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a bridge rectifier unit disposed between the input power supply and the power control module to rectify the input power supply to generate a rectified power supply to the Power control module. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first light emitting regions are arranged symmetrically, and the second light emitting regions are also arranged symmetrically. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first light emitting regions are asymmetrically arranged, and the second light emitting regions are also asymmetrically arranged. 8 . The light emitting device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first light emitting region and the second light emitting region are electrically connected in series. 9. A light-emitting device with brightness adjustment, characterized in that it comprises: a substrate; a plurality of light-emitting regions, which are arranged on the substrate, and the light-emitting regions are symmetrically arranged; and A power control module, which is electrically connected to the light-emitting areas and an input power supply, the power control module switches the input power into multiple power supplies and supplies at least one pair of the power supplies to the light-emitting areas, so as to Driving at least one pair of the corresponding light emitting regions to emit light symmetrically. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of light emitting diodes are respectively provided in the light emitting regions. 11 . The light-emitting device according to claim 9 , wherein when the supply voltages increase in potential sequentially, the light-emitting areas start to emit light in different areas sequentially from the inside to the outside and increase the brightness. 12 . The light-emitting device according to claim 9 , wherein when the supply voltages decrease in potential sequentially, the light-emitting regions stop emitting light and reduce brightness in different regions sequentially. 13 . 13. The light emitting device according to claim 9, further comprising a bridge rectification unit disposed between the input power and the power control module to rectify the input power to generate a rectified power to the Power control module. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the light emitting regions are electrically connected in series.