CN203995674U - A kind of braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a braking energy recycling device for an electric vehicle. The invention belongs to the energy recovery and utilization technology in the field of electric vehicle engineering, and relates to a device for recovering and utilizing the energy in the braking process of the vehicle in the form of flywheel energy storage. The device is composed of a transmission, a planetary mechanism, a flywheel, a clutch and a box, and is connected with the motor/generator and the vehicle final reducer. The flywheel is installed on the gear shaft of the sun gear in the planetary mechanism, the planetary gear carrier is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, the ring gear is connected with the input shaft and the clutch of the planetary mechanism, and the clutch is connected with the motor/generator of the electric vehicle. The device can recycle the energy when the vehicle brakes, and the flywheel and the electric motor that store the energy can drive the vehicle in a hybrid manner to increase the output power of the vehicle. After the vehicle stops, the remaining energy stored in the flywheel can be fully utilized for charging the battery . If the utility model is applied to the field of electric vehicles, the recycling rate of braking energy will be greatly improved and environmental pollution will be reduced.

Description

An electric vehicle braking energy recovery device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the energy recovery and utilization technology in the field of electric vehicle engineering, and relates to a device for recovering and utilizing the energy in the braking process of the vehicle in the form of flywheel energy storage.

Background technique

The types of electric vehicles mainly include pure electric vehicles (Pure Electric Vehicle, PEV), hybrid electric vehicles (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, FCEV). At present, due to the low technical performance indicators such as battery specific energy and specific power, the driving range and acceleration performance of electric vehicles are limited. Therefore, improving energy utilization is one of the important ways to improve the performance of electric vehicles. In existing electric vehicles, the kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy of the vehicle is generally converted into electric energy for feedback and stored in the battery during braking or downhill operation of the vehicle. Statistical results show that electric vehicles can increase the driving range by 10%-15% by using electric energy recovery to store braking energy.

There are also some shortcomings in the above method: first, when the car brakes frequently, the battery is also in a state of repeated charging and discharging, which will have an adverse effect on the service life of the battery; second, the car accelerates or goes uphill. During operation, if the battery is the only energy source of the vehicle, the battery will be in a state of high current discharge, which will also have an adverse effect on the life of the battery; third, when the car is in emergency braking, the recovery and storage of electric energy is limited by the charging characteristics of the battery. Limited, low recovery and utilization rate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to propose a motor/flywheel hybrid driving device that uses a flywheel to recycle the energy in the braking process of an electric vehicle, and couples the energy stored in the flywheel with the energy of the motor to output during the acceleration process.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: the braking energy recycling device of the electric vehicle is composed of a transmission, a planetary mechanism, a flywheel, a clutch and a box, and is connected with the motor/generator and the main reducer of the vehicle. The controller, the external charging interface and the generator controller form a motor/flywheel hybrid drive system for electric vehicle braking energy recovery and utilization.

In the electric vehicle braking energy recycling device described in the utility model, the transmission should have forward gear, neutral gear and reverse gear, the input shaft of the transmission is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the output shaft is connected with the input end of the main reducer. The power is transmitted to the wheels; the planetary mechanism is composed of a sun gear, a planetary gear, a planetary gear carrier, a ring gear and a ring gear brake. It is connected with the input shaft of the planetary mechanism and connected with the clutch; the clutch is connected with the motor/generator of the electric vehicle.

The working principle that the utility model adopts technical scheme is:

First, when the vehicle starts. The motor/generator operates in the motor mode to output the driving force of the vehicle; at this time, the clutch coupled with the output shaft of the motor/generator is engaged, and the power is transmitted to the input end of the planetary mechanism to drive the ring gear to rotate. Since the flywheel may be in two states when the car starts, that is, the stationary state or the rotating state, the two states of the flywheel at rest or rotating will be described separately:

(1) When the flywheel is in a static state, the sun gear coaxially installed with the flywheel is also in a static state due to the large inertia of the flywheel, so the ring gear of the planetary mechanism and the planetary gear constitute a fixed-axis gear train; and the planetary gear carrier The output shaft of the connected planetary mechanism, compared with the transmission state of the gear train with the ring gear as the input end, outputs power in the form of deceleration and increased torque, and transmits it to the input end of the transmission, and makes the vehicle move forward or backward according to the gear state of the transmission.

(2) When the flywheel is in the rotating state, that is, the flywheel has stored the recovered energy of the braking process before the vehicle starts, and has not released it yet; because the flywheel has stored a certain amount of energy, the sun gear coaxially installed with the flywheel also rotates together And output the corresponding power; at this time, the planetary mechanism is simultaneously provided with input power by the two components of the ring gear and the sun gear, and the output power of the planetary gear carrier connected with the planetary gear is the sum of the driving forces of the two input components, that is, the vehicle In a state of electric motor/flywheel hybrid drive. Hybrid power is fed to the input of the transmission and moves the vehicle forward or reverse depending on the gear state of the transmission.

(3) When the energy stored in the flywheel is enough to drive the vehicle to start, the ring gear is braked and fixed by the ring gear brake, and the sun gear and the planetary gear form a fixed-axis gear train. Therefore, the energy stored in the flywheel is directly and independently driven from the start of the vehicle.

Second, when the vehicle runs at a constant speed or accelerates. Also according to whether the flywheel is in static or rotating state, it can be divided into the running state that is powered independently by the motor or driven by the hybrid power of the motor/flywheel. The power transmission process is the same as the aforementioned working process when starting.

Third, when the vehicle is coasting and decelerating. Vehicle coasting is to use the kinetic energy of the vehicle's motion state to drive the vehicle, and the coasting process is an effective energy utilization process for the vehicle. When the vehicle installed with the device described in the utility model slides, firstly stop supplying power to the motor, that is, do not step on the accelerator pedal, and do not step on the brake pedal at the same time, and put the transmission in the neutral position. At this time, all the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be used for Drive the vehicle to coast. Or disengage the clutch connected with the electric motor, and put the transmission in the forward gear position. Part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be recovered by driving the flywheel to rotate through the planetary mechanism, but the sliding distance will be reduced.

Fourth, when the vehicle brakes and decelerates. The general process of vehicle braking is to convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle's motion state into heat energy through the friction generated by the wheel brakes and dissipate it, resulting in the underutilization of the kinetic energy of the vehicle. When the vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed to brake and decelerate, when the brake pedal is stepped on, the ring gear is braked and fixed by the ring gear brake at first, and the sun gear and the planetary gear form a fixed-axis gear train. The kinetic energy of the vehicle drives the sun gear of the planetary mechanism to rotate the flywheel through the wheels, final reducer, transmission, planetary gear carrier and planetary gear, converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel, recovers and stores it, and decelerates the vehicle at the same time.

Fifth, utilization of the remaining energy of the flywheel after parking. When the flywheel is still rotating after the vehicle stops, that is, the flywheel still has residual energy, if the motor/generator is in the working state of the generator, the flywheel can drive the generator to run. Since the vehicle is in a static state, it is equivalent to the fixed planetary gear frame, and the flywheel drives the sun gear to rotate, and drives the planetary gear and the ring gear to rotate. At this time, the clutch is engaged, and the power is transmitted to the motor/generator to make it in the state of power generation; therefore , After the vehicle is parked, the remaining energy of the flywheel is fully utilized by generating electricity to charge the battery.

The beneficial effects of the technical solution proposed by the utility model are as follows: first, the energy when the vehicle brakes can be recycled; second, the flywheel and the electric motor that store energy can drive the vehicle in a hybrid manner, increasing the output power of the vehicle; Third, after the vehicle is parked, the remaining energy stored in the flywheel can be fully utilized by making the motor/generator in the power generation state to charge the battery.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the specific embodiment of the utility model.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the wheel; 2 is the main reducer; 3 is the transmission; 4 is the planetary carrier; 5 is the planetary gear; 6 is the ring gear; 7 is the sun gear; 8 is the pinion; 9 is the bearing; 10 is the 11 is a clutch; 12 is a bearing; 13 is a motor/generator; 14 is a motor controller; 15 is a storage battery; 16 is an external charger interface; 17 is a generator controller; 18 is a bearing; 19 is a flywheel; 20 is a bearing; 21 is a bearing; 22 is a ring gear braking band; 23 is a casing; 24 is a bearing.

In the accompanying drawings, the scope indicated by the dotted line is the main structure described in the utility model.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, illustrate the specific embodiment of the present utility model.

As shown in the drawings, in the electric vehicle braking energy recovery device described in the utility model, the input shaft of the transmission 3 is connected with the output shaft of the planetary wheel carrier 4 in the planetary mechanism, and the output shaft of the transmission 3 is connected with the final drive 2-phase connection; the output shaft of the planetary gear carrier 4 in the planetary mechanism is supported by the bearing 24 installed on the box body 23; the planetary gear 5 installed on the planetary gear carrier 4 is meshed with the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 7 respectively The gear shaft integrated with the sun gear 7 is supported by the bearing 18 and the bearing 20 installed on the box body 23; the flywheel 19 is fixed on the gear shaft integrated with the sun gear 7 and installed on the bearing 18 and the bearing 20 Between; the ring gear 6 is supported by the bearing 21 installed on the gear shaft integrated with the sun gear 7, and the bull gear 10 and the ring gear 6 are coaxially coupled together; the bull gear 10 and the pinion gear 8 are transmitted in the form of gear meshing Movement, the gear shaft integrated with the pinion 8 is supported by the bearing 9 installed on the box body 23; the passive disc of the clutch 11 is installed on the gear shaft integrated with the pinion 8, and the driving disc of the clutch 11 is installed on the motor/generator 13 on the output shaft.

(1) When the vehicle starts. When the electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed to start, the motor/generator 13 operates in motor mode to output the driving force of the vehicle; , The bull gear 10 transmits power to the ring gear 6 . Because flywheel 19 may be in two states when automobile starts, i.e. stationary state or rotating state. Therefore, the flywheel 19 will be described in two states of being stationary or rotating respectively:

a. When the flywheel 19 is in a static state, since the flywheel 19 has a large inertia, the sun gear 7 coaxially installed with the flywheel 19 is also in a static state, so the ring gear 6 and the planetary gear 5 of the planetary mechanism constitute a fixed-axis gear train The output shaft of the planetary mechanism coupled with the planetary gear carrier 4 transmits power to the input end of the transmission 3, and the vehicle moves forward or backward according to the gear state of the transmission 3 .

b. When the flywheel 19 is in a rotating state, that is, the flywheel 19 has stored the recuperated energy in the braking process before the vehicle starts, and has not released it yet. Because the flywheel 19 has stored a certain amount of energy, the sun gear 7 coaxially installed with the flywheel 19 also rotates together and outputs the corresponding power stored by the flywheel 19; at this time, the two members of the planetary mechanism, the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 7, provide input power at the same time The output power of the planetary carrier 4 coupled with the planetary gear 5 is the sum of the input driving forces of the two components, the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 7, that is, the vehicle is in a state of hybrid driving of the motor/flywheel. The hybrid power is input to the input end of the transmission 3, and the vehicle is moved forward or backward according to the gear state of the transmission 3 .

c. When the energy stored in the flywheel 19 is sufficient to drive the vehicle to start, the ring gear 6 is braked and fixed by the ring gear brake 22, and the sun gear 7 and the planetary gear 5 form a fixed-axis gear train. Therefore, the energy stored in the flywheel 19 is directly and independently driven from the start of the vehicle.

(2) When the vehicle runs at a constant speed or accelerates. The electric automobile of device described in the utility model is installed, is static or rotates two kinds of states according to flywheel 19 equally, is divided into the operating state that provides power independently with electric motor or drives with electric motor/flywheel hybrid power. The power transmission process is the same as the aforementioned working process when starting.

(3) When the vehicle is coasting and decelerating. When the electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed to slide, it can slide in two different ways:

a. Stop the power supply of the motor/generator 13 in the motor operation mode through the motor controller 14, and at the same time, place the transmission 3 in the neutral position. At this time, the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be used to drive the vehicle to coast.

b. The clutch 11 coupled with the motor/generator 13 is disengaged, and the transmission 3 is placed in the forward gear position, and part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be driven by the planetary mechanism to rotate the flywheel 19 so that the energy can be recovered.

(4) When the vehicle brakes and decelerates. When the electric vehicle braking deceleration of the device described in the utility model is installed, when the brake pedal is stepped on, the ring gear 6 is braked and fixed by the ring gear brake 22 at first, and the sun gear 7 and the planetary gear 5 form a fixed-axis gear train. The sun gear 7 of the planetary mechanism is driven by the wheel 1, the main reducer 2, the transmission 3, the planetary gear frame 4 and the planetary gear 5 to drive the flywheel 19 to rotate, and the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel 19, which is recovered and stored, and at the same time, the vehicle is decelerated. .

(5) Utilization of the remaining energy of the flywheel after parking. After the electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed, if the flywheel 19 still has residual energy, that is, when the flywheel 19 is still rotating, the motor/generator 13 is in the generator mode running state by the generator controller 17. Since the vehicle is in a static state, it is equivalent to the fixed planetary gear carrier 4, and the flywheel 19 drives the sun gear 7 to rotate, and drives the planetary gear 5 and the ring gear 6 to rotate. At this time, the clutch 11 is engaged, and the power is transmitted to the motor/generator 13 and makes It is in the power generation running state.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, which are only illustrative and not limiting. Under the inspiration of the utility model, many similar representations can be made without violating the purpose and claims of the utility model, and such transformations all fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (6)

1. a braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device, is characterized in that: described device comprises change-speed box (3), planetary mechanism, flywheel (19), power-transfer clutch (11) and casing (23); Described planetary mechanism is made up of sun wheel (7), satellite gear (5), planetary wheel carrier (4), gear ring (6) and gear ring drg (22); The input shaft of the output shaft of described planetary mechanism and change-speed box (3) is connected; Described flywheel (19) is arranged on the gear wheel shaft of sun wheel (7).

2. braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the flywheel (19) on the gear wheel shaft of described planetary mechanism sun wheel (7) is arranged on the outside of gear ring (6), between bearing (18) and bearing (20).

3. braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described planetary mechanism gear ring (6) by be arranged on the gear wheel shaft of sun wheel (7) one on bearing (21) supporting, and be coaxially fixedly connected with big gear wheel (10).

4. braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described power-transfer clutch (11) Partner is arranged on the gear wheel shaft of miniature gears (8), described power-transfer clutch (11) drive end is arranged on motor/generator (13) output shaft.

5. braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described gear ring drg (22) form is braking belt, is wrapped in the outer rim of gear ring (6).

6. braking energy of electric automobiles recycle device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described big gear wheel (10) adopts the mode of external toothing to engage with miniature gears (8).