One metal double-plate for proton exchange film fuel cell
Technical field
The utility model belongs to fuel cell technology field, relates in particular to a metal double-plate for proton exchange film fuel cell.
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is that oxygen or air are oxidant taking hydrogen or methyl alcohol as fuel, will be stored in chemical energy in fuel and oxidant and directly change into the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of electric energy.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells has the advantages such as energy conversion efficiency is high, environmental friendliness, started quickly at low temperature, has broad application prospects.Bipolar plates is one of core component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, has support membrane electrode assemblie, is uniformly distributed reacting gas, afflux conduction, discharges the critical functions such as water generation reaction and heat radiation.Metal material have good electrical and thermal conductivity, higher mechanical strength, cost low, be applicable to the advantages such as mass production, be therefore considered to the ideal material of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.Lin Zhengyu, Zhang Jie, Liu Bing and Zheng Yongping show " material of PEMFC bipolar plates and preparation technology's summary " and have analyzed the pluses and minuses of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell material, and point out that the metallic plate of surface modification is the development trend of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the negative electrode unipolar plate be made up of sheet metal and anode unipolar plate by welding or bondingly forms.The left and right sides of negative electrode unipolar plate and anode unipolar plate is equipped with fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and oxidant gas chamber, and yin, yang unipolar plate both sides are equipped with the flow field area that convex-concave groove forms.In prior art, the convex-concave groove of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field area is all plane.While assembling due to proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, need certain pretightning force, the metal double polar plates of common plane runner shows stronger rigidity characteristic.There is inhomogeneous mechanical stress in membrane electrode assembly, can cause membrane electrode hydraulic performance decline, lifetime in the course of the work.Proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling long-play or idle after, easily there is stress relaxation phenomenon, this can cause the contact resistance increase of metal double polar plates and membrane electrode assembly, and then causes the decay in proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling performance and life-span.
China Patent Publication No. is CN101572318A, and denomination of invention is the patent documentation of " metal double-plate for proton exchange film fuel cell ", and it is point-like runner that bipolar plates is distributed to runner design; China Patent Publication No. is CN101937997A, denomination of invention is the patent documentation of " single pond and the pile of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and formation thereof ", adopts with the on-plane surface curved metal bipolar plates of certain curvature and is used for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.Although the structure of these two kinds of metal double polar plates all easily realizes, but under the effect of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling pretightning force, all can show stronger rigidity characteristic, mechanical presses and the Stress relaxation that can not solve Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells the same as common metal bipolar plates.
The structure optimization of the dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell therefore, carrying out in order to solve the problem such as mechanical presses and stress relaxation in proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is very important.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: provide a metal double-plate for proton exchange film fuel cell, to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art.
The utility model is to solve its technical problem to adopt following technical scheme: negative electrode unipolar plate and the anode unipolar plate be made up of sheet metal constitute; Described negative electrode unipolar plate is relative with the anode unipolar plate back side, left and right sides on its plate body is equipped with corresponding fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and the oxidant gas chamber overlapping, middle part on its plate body is equipped with flow field area, and this flow field area is provided with boss and the groove of multiple curved mutual correspondences.
Described negative electrode unipolar plate, left side on its plate body can be provided with oxidant gas chamber, coolant chamber and the fuel gas body cavity arranged from top to bottom, and they overlap completely with oxidant gas chamber, coolant chamber and the fuel gas body cavity arranged from bottom to top of anode unipolar plate plate body upper left side respectively; Right side on its plate body can be provided with fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and the oxidant gas chamber of arranging from top to bottom, and they overlap completely with fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and the oxidant gas chamber of arranging from bottom to top on right side on anode unipolar plate plate body respectively; Middle part on its plate body is provided with a minus plate flow field area.
Described minus plate flow field area, the boss at its back side, groove, the boss that groove can be positive with it are mutually corresponding, and positive boss is the groove at the back side, and the upper surface place of front boss in one plane, positive groove is the boss at the back side, and the boss at the back side also in one plane; Described boss, groove can be circular arc.
Boss and the groove of described anode unipolar plate and negative electrode unipolar plate flow field area can be circular arc or ellipse arc.
Described anode unipolar plate, left side on its plate body can be provided with fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and the oxidant gas chamber of arranging from top to bottom, and they overlap completely with fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and the oxidant gas chamber of arranging from bottom to top of negative electrode unipolar plate plate body upper left side respectively; Right side on its plate body can be provided with oxidant gas chamber, coolant chamber and the fuel gas body cavity arranged from top to bottom, and they overlap completely with oxidant gas chamber, coolant chamber and the fuel gas body cavity arranged from bottom to top on right side on negative electrode unipolar plate plate body respectively; Middle part on its plate body can be provided with a positive plate flow field area.
Described positive plate flow field area, the boss at its back side, groove, the boss that groove can be positive with it are mutually corresponding, and positive boss is the groove at the back side, and the upper surface place of front boss in one plane, positive groove is the boss at the back side, and the boss at the back side also in one plane; Described boss, groove can be circular arc.
Described sheet metal can be corrosion resistant plate, and its sheet metal thickness can be 0.1-0.3mm.
The utility model compared with prior art, has following major advantage:
1. the metal double polar plates that has adopted arc concave convex groove, it has good elastic characteristic with respect to common metal bipolar plates.
2. change fast the mechanical shock causing and cause when lax when membrane electrode assembly is subject to various physical quantitys, metal double polar plates can impact by the strain buffer mechanism of self, effectively diaphragm electrode assemblie and extend useful life of this membrane electrode assembly.
3. can guarantee to contact well between metal double polar plates and membrane electrode assembly, thereby reduce contact resistance.
4. when pile operation or idle while there is stress relaxation, the arc convex-concave groove of metal double polar plates, by the stress relaxation of strain auto-compensation pile, maintains the clamping force of voltaic pile normal work, performance and the life-span of having improved proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is anode unipolar plate structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is negative electrode unipolar plate structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is the flow field area partial cutaway schematic of metal double polar plates of the present utility model when not stressed.
Fig. 4 is that metal double polar plates of the present utility model is at pretightning force P
1flow field area partial cutaway schematic under effect.
Fig. 5 is that metal double polar plates of the present utility model is at actual clamping force P
2act on dirty place partial cutaway schematic.
Fig. 6 is the flow field area partial cutaway schematic of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling when not stressed.
Fig. 7 is that proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is at pretightning force P
1flow field area partial cutaway schematic under effect.
Flow field area partial cutaway schematic when Fig. 8 is proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling compensation stress relaxation.
In figure: 1. fuel gas body cavity; 2. oxidant gas chamber; 3. coolant chamber; 4. positive plate flow field area; 5. positive plate boss; 6. positive plate groove; 7. minus plate flow field area; 8. minus plate boss; 9. minus plate groove; 10. anode unipolar plate; 11. negative electrode unipolar plate; 12. metal double polar plates; 13. fuel gas runners; 14. oxidant gas runners; 15. coolant runners; 16. gas diffusion layers; 17. catalyst layers; 18. proton exchange membrane; 19. sealing wires.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the utility model is described further, but is not limited to described content below.
Adopt Sheet Metal Forming Technology to strike out anode unipolar plate by being of a size of the metallic plate (as corrosion resistant plate) that 400mm × 100mm, sheet metal thickness are 0.1-0.3mm.The structure of anode unipolar plate as shown in Figure 1, left side on its plate body is provided with fuel gas body cavity 1, coolant chamber 3 and the oxidant gas chamber 2 of arranging from top to bottom, right side on its plate body is provided with oxidant gas chamber 2, coolant chamber 3 and the fuel gas body cavity 1 arranged from top to bottom, and the middle part on its plate body is provided with a positive plate flow field area 4.The size in described fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and oxidant gas chamber is 20mm × 20mm, and the area of positive plate flow field area is 320mm × 80mm.5 and 20 positive plate grooves 6 of 21 positive plate boss are contained in positive plate flow field area 4.The width of positive plate boss and positive plate groove is 2mm, and the degree of depth is 0.62mm.The convex-concave groove at the anode unipolar plate back side is mutually corresponding with positive convex-concave groove, and positive boss is the groove at the back side, and in one plane, positive groove is the boss at the back side at the upper surface place of front boss, and the boss at the back side also in one plane.These positive plate boss 5 and positive plate groove 6 are all arcs, for example circular arc or ellipse arc.
Adopt Sheet Metal Forming Technology to strike out negative electrode unipolar plate by being of a size of the metallic plate (as corrosion resistant plate) that 400mm × 100mm, sheet metal thickness are 0.1-0.3mm.The structure of negative electrode unipolar plate as shown in Figure 2, left side on its plate body is provided with oxidant gas chamber 2, coolant chamber 3 and the fuel gas body cavity 1 arranged from top to bottom, right side on its plate body is provided with fuel gas body cavity 1, coolant chamber 3 and the oxidant gas chamber 2 of arranging from top to bottom, and the middle part on its plate body is provided with a minus plate flow field area 7.The size in described fuel gas body cavity, coolant chamber and oxidant gas chamber is 20mm × 20mm, and the area of minus plate flow field area is 320mm × 80mm.8 and 20 minus plate grooves 9 of 21 minus plate boss are contained in minus plate flow field area 7.The width of minus plate boss and minus plate groove is 2mm, and the degree of depth is 0.62mm.The convex-concave groove at the negative electrode unipolar plate back side is mutually corresponding with positive convex-concave groove, and positive boss is the groove at the back side, and in one plane, positive groove is the boss at the back side at the upper surface place of front boss, and the boss at the back side also in one plane.These minus plate boss 8 and minus plate groove 9 are all arcs, for example circular arc or ellipse arc.
Above-mentioned anode unipolar plate is relative with the negative electrode unipolar plate back side, and fuel gas body cavity 1, coolant chamber 3, the oxidant gas chamber 2 in anode unipolar plate left side are overlapped completely with fuel gas body cavity 1, coolant chamber 3, the oxidant gas chamber 2 in negative electrode unipolar plate left side respectively.The oxidant gas chamber 2 on anode unipolar plate right side, coolant chamber 3, fuel gas body cavity 1 overlap completely with oxidant gas chamber 2, coolant chamber 3, the fuel gas body cavity 1 on negative electrode unipolar plate right side respectively.The groove at the anode unipolar plate back side is relative with the groove at the negative electrode unipolar plate back side, and the boss at the anode unipolar plate back side contacts with the boss at the negative electrode unipolar plate back side.Utilize laser welding technology by sealing wire 19, anode unipolar plate and negative electrode unipolar plate to be welded together, form metal double polar plates.
The elastic principle of the utility model dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is: referring to Fig. 3, metal double polar plates is not when stressed, when yin, yang unipolar plate sheet metal thickness is 0.1mm, convex-concave groove the degree of depth while being 0.62mm, the thickness of metal double polar plates reaches maximum d
0=1.44mm.Referring to Fig. 4, there is elastic deformation in the metal double polar plates of arc convex-concave groove, if P under pretightning force effect
1=1.5MPa, the deflection of metal double polar plates can reach 0.24mm, and now the thickness of metal double polar plates reaches minimum value d
1=1.2mm.Referring to Fig. 5, when being subject to mechanical presses, membrane electrode assembly causes when lax, and can there is the lax of strain auto-compensation membrane electrode assembly in the metal double polar plates of arc convex-concave groove.If membrane electrode assembly thickness is 0.4mm, membrane electrode assembly relaxed 0.04mm, the now thickness d of metal double polar plates
2=1.24mm, actual clamping force P
2=1.25Mpa.The metal double polar plates that can find out arc convex-concave groove has good elastic characteristic with respect to common metal bipolar plates.Change fast the mechanical shock causing and cause when lax when membrane electrode assembly is subject to various physical quantitys, metal double polar plates can impact by the strain buffer mechanism of self, effectively diaphragm electrode assemblie and extend useful life of this membrane electrode assembly.
The utility model can be used in prepares proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, can auto-compensation pile stress relaxation, and maintain the clamping force of voltaic pile normal work, thereby improved performance and the life-span of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
For example: the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling being formed by metal double polar plates
Be 400mm × 100mm by above-mentioned apparent size, the proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling that the metal double polar plates that sheet metal thickness is 0.2-0.6mm forms, to combine (Fig. 6) by multiple for example 100 monocells so that series system is stacked, by embedding sealing part (as silicone rubber seal) between each monocell, premenstrual, end plate (as copper coin) toggles with screw rod is fastening after compressing, and forms proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling.Each monocell is made up of an anode unipolar plate 10, a negative electrode unipolar plate 11 and a membrane electrode assembly, and wherein membrane electrode assembly clamping is between anode unipolar plate 10, negative electrode unipolar plate 11.Membrane electrode assembly is to form by the order hot pressing of gas diffusion layers 16, catalyst layer 17, proton exchange membrane 18, catalyst layer 17, gas diffusion layers 16.The negative electrode unipolar plate 11 of monocell is relative with anode unipolar plate 10 back sides of adjacent single cells, utilizes laser welding technology by sealing wire, cathode and anode unipolar plate to be welded together, and forms metal double polar plates 12.So proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling also can be regarded as, metal double polar plates and membrane electrode assembly be formed by stacking with series system.The groove at anode unipolar plate 10 back sides is relative with the groove at negative electrode unipolar plate 11 back sides, forms coolant runner 15.Between positive plate boss 5 and the gas diffusion layers 16 that contacts with it, form fuel gas runner 13, between minus plate boss 8 and the gas diffusion layers 16 that contacts with it, form oxidant gas runner 14.Wherein gas diffusion layers 16 adopts graphited carbon paper, and catalyst layer 17 adopts platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst, and proton exchange membrane 18 adopts perfluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane, is commonly called as Nafion film, and hydrogen/methyl alcohol is as fuel, and oxygen/air is as oxidant.
Referring to Fig. 6, by 100 metal double polar plates and 100 membrane electrode assemblies with the stacked proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling combining of series system, when the thickness of metal double polar plates is 1.44mm, when the thickness of membrane electrode assembly is 0.4mm, when not stressed, the gross thickness of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling except end plate is 184mm; Referring to Fig. 7, when proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling is at pretightning force P
1under=1.5Mpa effect, the deflection of every metal double polar plates is 0.24mm, and now the gross thickness of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling except end plate is 160mm; Referring to Fig. 8, in the time of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling generation stress relaxation, if relaxed 3mm, every metal double polar plates can pass through strain auto-compensation stress relaxation, the elastic deformation amount of every metal double polar plates is only 0.125mm, now the gross thickness of proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling except end plate is still 160mm, and the actual clamping force of pile is 1.3125Mpa.This metal double polar plates that shows arc convex-concave groove has good elastic characteristic.When pile operation or idle while there is stress relaxation, the arc convex-concave groove of metal double polar plates gets final product the stress relaxation of auto-compensation pile by less strain, maintain the clamping force of voltaic pile normal work, guarantee to contact well between metal double polar plates and membrane electrode assembly, thus performance and the life-span of having improved proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling.
In above-described embodiment, the size of each parts also can be determined according to actual conditions.