CN203259099U - Inclining test device for detecting anisotropic sliding friction angle of rock joint surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an inclination test device for measuring the anisotropic sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface. The test device is composed of a base, a slide rail, a hinge frame and a compass. The utility model reforms the deficiencies of the traditional measurement of the sliding friction angle of the rock joint surface, fixes the lower plate of the rock joint surface sample on the compass by clamping the screw rod and rotates the compass during the test process, and realizes the measurement of the upper plate and the lower plate. The continuous measurement of the anisotropic sliding friction angle of the disc-shaped rock joint surface sample along any sliding direction and the repeated use of the sample, by slowly increasing the inclination angle of the flat plate, make the upper wall and the lower wall of the rock joint face relative to each other. Sliding, and read the inclination angle of the plate in real time through the protractor, so as to directly obtain the value of the sliding friction angle of the rock joint surface.

Description

A Tilt Test Device for Measuring the Anisotropy of Sliding Friction Angle of Rock Joint Surface

technical field

The utility model relates to a measuring device for a sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface, in particular to an inclination test device for measuring the anisotropic sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface in different sliding directions.

Background technique

The continental crust has experienced many large-scale internal dynamic tectonic processes in the Indosinian, Yanshanian, Himalayan, and Neotectonic periods in history. The crustal rock mass generally develops a large number of joint formations of different scales due to strong compression or tension structures. For example, my country's Ertan Hydropower Station, Xiaolangdi Project, the high slope of the Three Gorges permanent ship lock, the underground powerhouse of the Jinping II Hydropower Station, and the dam area slope of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, etc., can all see a large number of outcropping rock joints. Engineering practice shows that the existence of these rock joints significantly affects and restricts the mechanical behavior and engineering stability of engineering rock mass. In the process of environmental stress adjustment, shear deformation often occurs between the joint surface and the lower wall, resulting in local instability. , has brought great security challenges to the construction safety of large-scale underground projects in my country.

The current research on the stability of jointed rock mass has shown that: the mechanical properties of the basic friction angle of the joint surface between the hanging wall and the footwall of rock joints is one of the key factors determining the stability of rock mass engineering, and the different sliding directions on the rock joint surface The measurement of the anisotropic characteristics of the friction angle is one of the main bottlenecks restricting the in-depth study of the characteristics of rock joint surfaces.

(1) The existing friction angle measurement device cannot measure the friction angle at any sliding azimuth angle: most of the existing equipment and instruments for measuring the friction coefficient of materials are developed for a single block or granular body, so such equipment and instruments During the test, the relative sliding characteristics of the upper and lower plates of the joint with non-uniform surface morphology along any azimuth angle were not considered, so the measurement of the anisotropic friction angle of the joint surface could not be realized. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 1699963 A, publication date 2005.11.23, the invention name is "Non-particulate Material Friction Angle Meter". The friction angle and critical slope measurement of granular materials, but the anisotropic friction angle measurement of the material cannot be considered, and it is not suitable for the measurement of the friction angle of rock mass joints with upper wall and lower wall structures; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 102878910 A, published On January 16, 2013, the title of the invention is "Incline Meter Device for Measuring the Friction Angle and Friction Coefficient of Granular Materials". It realizes the measurement of friction angle and friction coefficient of granular materials, but it cannot measure plate materials with anisotropic friction angle characteristics.

(2) Some anisotropy analysis methods of joint surfaces cannot directly give the anisotropic sliding friction angle of joint surfaces: Some rock/rock mass joint surface anisotropy analysis methods use surface topography measurement equipment to analyze the surface angle of joint surfaces. Although the two-dimensional undulation shape has confirmed the anisotropic characteristics of rock joint surface characteristics and undulation degree from the perspective of structural characteristics, it cannot directly give the anisotropic sliding friction angle of the joint surface with mechanical significance. "Journal of Geomechanics", No. 2, 2001, titled "Study on the Anisotropy of Rock Mass Joint Surface Topography", author Zhou Hongwei, this study proposes to use the laser surface measurement data of the joint surface topography to obtain the joint surface indirectly Anisotropy, but can not directly measure the anisotropic characteristics of the friction angle of the joint surface; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 101055175 A, publication date 2007.10.17, invention name "simple measurement method for roughness coefficient of rock mass structure surface", the application The roughness coefficient of the rock mass structural surface/joint surface can be obtained by measuring the convex tooth amplitude of the surface profile curve of the rock structural surface, but it is impossible to directly measure the sliding friction angle of the same joint sample under different azimuth angles.

(3) Some methods of calculating and testing the anisotropic strength of rock mass fail to fully consider the fact that the sliding of the joint surface is the relative motion of two planes: the anisotropic effect of the joint surface is usually integrated into the anisotropic characteristics of the rock mass The calculation and testing method of the method ignores the difference in the spatial occurrence of the joint surface with planar characteristics in the rock mass, and fails to consider that the sliding friction angle of the joint surface depends on the characteristics of the relative motion of the hanging wall and the footwall of the joint, so it cannot The sliding friction angle of any sliding azimuth is directly given. "Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering", No. 5, 2007, titled "Study on Physical Simulation and Ultrasonic Test of Jointed Rock Mass", author Han Song, this research was conducted indirectly by analyzing the ultrasonic wave velocity test at different incident angles relative to the joint surface It reflects the anisotropy of the rock mass, but the sliding friction angle of the joint surface of the rock mass cannot be obtained.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above existing problems, a test device for measuring the sliding friction angle under the condition of any sliding azimuth of the joint surface has been developed. It has obvious practical significance and engineering needs. For this reason, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an inclination test device for measuring the anisotropy of the sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention relates to an inclination test device for measuring the anisotropy of the sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface. The test device is composed of a base, a slide rail, a hinge frame and a compass. A slide rail is fixed above the base, and the slide rail is located on the center line of the base. The first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are arranged symmetrically above the right end of the base. The hinge frame is composed of a push rod and a flat plate. The seat and the second connecting seat are movably connected, the other end of the plate is hinged with one end of the push rod through the second pin, the other end of the push rod is hinged with the slider through the first pin, the slider is movably placed in the groove of the slide rail, and the first pin The linear distance between the shaft axis and the second pin axis is greater than the linear distance between the rotating shaft axis and the second pin axis, and the linear distance between the first pin axis and the second pin axis plus the distance between the rotating shaft axis and the second pin axis The sum of the straight-line distances is less than the length of the slide rail. The plate is provided with a through hole, and the center of the compass is fixedly connected with a sliding friction bearing. , the second clamping screw, the third clamping screw and the fourth clamping screw, a pointer is arranged at the lower edge of the compass, a baffle is provided below the pointer, the baffle is fixedly connected to the flat plate, and a Protractor, the arc of the protractor and the rotating shaft co-rotate the center of the circle. There is a leg under the right end of the base. instrument.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model has reformed the deficiencies in the measurement of the sliding friction angle of the traditional rock joint surface, and fixed the lower plate of the rock joint surface sample on the compass by clamping the screw rod, which has the following advantages:

(1) Continuous measurement of anisotropic friction angle: through the rotation of the compass, any sliding azimuth of the disc-shaped rock joint surface can be measured, so that the anisotropic sliding of the rock joint surface within the range of 360 degrees azimuth angle can be realized Continuous measurement of friction angle.

(2) Direct acquisition of the sliding friction angle: by slowly increasing the inclination angle of the plate, the upper wall and the lower wall of the rock joints slide relative to each other, and reading the inclination angle of the plate in real time through a protractor, so as to directly obtain the sliding friction angle of the rock joint surface value.

(3) Reuse of samples: Since a rotatable compass is used to fix the base plate of the circular rock joint surface, the sliding friction angle measurement of the same rock joint surface sample at different azimuth angles can be performed to overcome the traditional square The rock joint surface sample can only measure the sliding friction angle in one direction.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the plan view of Fig. 1.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, the utility model is further described.

An inclination test device for measuring the anisotropy of the sliding friction angle of a rock joint surface. The test device is composed of a base 2, a slide rail 3, a hinge frame and a compass 8. A slide rail 3 is fixed above the base 2, and the slide rail 3 is located on the base 2. On the center line of the base 2, the first connecting seat 12 and the second connecting seat 23 are arranged symmetrically above the right end of the base 2. The hinge frame is composed of a push rod 6 and a flat plate 7. The width of the flat plate 7 is about the width of the base 2. One end of the flat plate 7 passes through The rotating shaft 13 is movably connected with the first connecting seat 12 and the second connecting seat 23, the other end of the plate 7 is hinged with the two bifurcated legs at one end of the push rod 6 through the second pin 16, and the other end of the push rod 6 is connected with the slider 4 through the second pin 16. A pin 5 is hinged, and the slider 4 is movably placed in the groove of the slide rail 3 and can slide freely in the slide rail 3. The linear distance between the axis of the first pin 5 and the axis of the second pin 16 is greater than the axis of the rotating shaft 13 and the axis of the second pin. The linear distance between the axes of the two pins 16 can ensure that the push rod 6 pushes the flat plate 7 to a vertical angle, the linear distance between the axis of the first pin 5 and the axis of the second pin 16 plus the axis of the rotating shaft 13 and the second pin The sum of the straight-line distances between the 16 axes is less than the length of the slide rail 3, which can ensure that the flat plate 7 can be in a nearly horizontal working state. The slider 4 is still in the slide rail 3. The flat plate 7 is provided with a through hole 19, and the plane of the compass 8 is Circular, the diameter of the compass 8 is smaller than the width of the base 2 but greater than the width of the flat plate 7, the upper side of the compass 8 is engraved with scale lines at intervals of ten degrees and angle numbers are marked every thirty degrees, and the center of the compass 8 is fixedly connected with a bearing 20 , the bearing 20 is a plane rotating bearing, the diameter of the rolling disc of the bearing 20 is greater than the diameter of the through hole 19, and the shaft of the bearing 20 is movably penetrated into the through hole 19 and connected with the nut 25 by threads, so that it can ensure that the compass 8 is on the flat plate after the nut 25 is loosened. 7 can be rotated freely, and the locking and fixing between the compass 8 and the flat plate can be realized by tightening the nut 25. The first clamping screw 9, the second clamping screw 17, and the third clamping screw are arranged symmetrically above the compass 8. 18 and the 4th clamping screw rod 21, the front end of the first clamping screw rod 9, the second clamping screw rod 17, the 3rd clamping screw rod 18 and the 4th clamping screw rod 21 all have pressing palm, the first clamping screw rod 9 , the rear ends of the second clamping screw 17, the third clamping screw 18 and the fourth clamping screw 21 are respectively connected with the base on the compass 8 by threads, and a pointer 10 is arranged on the lower edge of the compass 8, and the pointer 10 is vertically fixed Close to the compass 8 on the plate 7 but not in contact with the compass 8, a baffle 11 is arranged below the pointer 10, the baffle 11 is fixedly connected with the plate 7, and the angle between the baffle 11 and the upper end of the plate 7 is less than 90 degrees so that it is better The ground play baffle plate 11 prevents the plate on the circular joint surface from slipping to the ground during the test, and a protractor 22 is arranged between the second connection seat 23 and the flat plate 7. The protractor 22 is arc-shaped, and the arc of the protractor 22 rotates with the rotating shaft 13 The center of the circle, the bottom of the right end of the base 2 is provided with a leg 24, the leg 24 is located on the center line of the base 2, the bottom of the left end of the base 2 is symmetrically provided with a first adjusting nut 1 and a second adjusting nut 15, the first adjusting nut 1 and the second adjusting nut 15 is connected with the base 2 through threads, the top of the base 2 A two-way level bubble gauge 14 is provided, so that the first adjustment nut 1 and the second adjustment nut 15 can be rotated according to the indication information of the two-way level bubble gauge 14 to ensure that the base 2 is completely level.

The measurement principle of the tilting test device for measuring the anisotropy of the sliding friction angle of the joint surface is to place the lower plate of the disc-shaped rock joint sample at the center of the compass 8 and pass the first clamping screw 9 and the second clamping screw 17 , the third clamping screw 18 and the fourth clamping screw 21 fix the lower plate of the joint sample, after recording the azimuth angle of the compass 7 at the position of the pointer 10, moveably cover the corresponding upper plate of the disc-shaped joint sample, and By slowly pushing the slider 4 from the left end to the right end, the inclination angle of the flat plate 7 is continuously increased, so that the upper disc of the disc-shaped joint sample slides away from the lower disc of the disc-shaped joint sample, and then the joint test is read by a protractor 22. The sliding friction angle of the joint surface at this azimuth angle under the sliding state of the upper plate of the sample, and the oblique sliding test of the compass at different azimuth angles are repeated, so that the anisotropic sliding friction of the rock joint surface within the range of 360 degrees of azimuth angle can be obtained horn.

The concrete use of the utility model is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) Push the slider 4 to the leftmost end, so that the plate 7 is basically in a nearly horizontal initial state, and then by observing the indication information of the two-way level bubble meter 14, reasonably screw the first adjusting nut 1 and the second adjusting nut 15, Make sure base 2 is completely level.

(2) Check the nut 25 and make sure to tighten the nut 25 so that the compass 8 and the plate 7 are locked.

(3) The disk-shaped rock joint sample is prefabricated in advance. The thickness of the bottom wall of the disk-shaped joint sample is not less than the distance from the upper apex of the pressure palm at the front end of the first clamping screw 9 to the plane of the compass 8. The diameter of the disk-shaped joint sample It should be within the adjustable length range between the presser palm of screw one 9 and the presser palm of screw one 18, and then place the prepared lower plate of the disc-shaped joint sample in the center of compass 8 and pass it through the first clamping screw 9. The second clamping screw 17, the third clamping screw 18 and the fourth clamping screw 21 fix the lower plate of the joint sample. When fixing, ensure that the center of the joint sample’s lower plate coincides with the center of the compass 8, and then tighten The nut 25 ensures the locking connection between the compass 8 and the flat plate, and after the installation is proper, the corresponding upper plate of the disc-shaped joint sample is correspondingly covered on the lower plate of the disc-shaped joint sample.

(4) Record the azimuth of the compass 7 at the position of the pointer 10 (such as A1 angle) when the disc joint test is installed.

(5) Slowly push the slider 4 to the right along the slide rail 3, and at the same time observe whether the upper plate of the disc-shaped joint sample starts to slide. After starting to slide, stop pushing the slide block 4 immediately, and then measure and record the angle of the plate 7 when the disc-shaped joint sample slides on the plate through the protractor 22, so as to obtain the sliding of the disc-shaped joint sample under the azimuth angle condition Friction angle (such as φ1 angle).

(6) Remove the upper plate of the disc-shaped joint sample from the baffle plate 11.

(7) Slowly push the slider 4 to the leftmost end along the slide rail 3, then loosen the nut 25, turn the compass 8 to another azimuth angle (such as A2 angle) and then tighten the nut 25, and then put the disc-shaped joint sample The corresponding upper plate is correspondingly covered on the lower plate of the disc-shaped joint specimen.

(8) Repeat steps (5) to (7) to obtain the sliding friction angle (such as φ2 angle) under the condition of another azimuth (such as A2 angle).

(9) Constantly adjust and rotate the compass 8 as needed, so as to obtain N sets of sliding azimuth angles and corresponding sliding friction angles under N measurement conditions.

(10) Comprehensively analyze the sliding azimuth angles and corresponding sliding friction angles obtained by N groups of measurements, so as to obtain the anisotropic characteristics of the sliding friction angles of disc-shaped rock joint samples. the

Claims (1)

1. measure the anisotropic inclined testing device of Rock Joint Plane sliding friction angle for one kind, it is characterized in that: described test unit is by base (2), slide rail (3), hinge frame and compass (8) consist of, base (2) top is fixedly installed slide rail (3), slide rail (3) is positioned on the center line of base (2), base (2) right-hand member top is arranged with the first Connection Block (12) and the second Connection Block (23), the hinge frame is comprised of push rod (6) and dull and stereotyped (7), dull and stereotyped (7) one ends are flexibly connected by rotating shaft (13) and the first Connection Block (12) and the second Connection Block (23), dull and stereotyped (7) other end is hinged by the second pin (16) and push rod (6) one ends, push rod (6) other end and slide block (4) are hinged by the first pin (5), slide block (4) is movably placed in the groove of slide rail (3), air line distance between the first pin (5) axis and the second pin (16) axis is greater than the air line distance between rotating shaft (13) axis and the second pin (16) axis, air line distance between the first pin (5) axis and the second pin (16) axis adds that air line distance sum between rotating shaft (13) axis and the second pin (16) axis is less than the length of slide rail (3), dull and stereotyped (7) are provided with through hole (19), the center of compass (8) is fixedly connected with the bearing (20) of sliding friction formula, the axle activity of bearing (20) penetrates through hole (19) and is connected with nut (25), be symmetrically arranged with the first clamping screw rod (9) on the compass (8), the second clamping screw rod (17), the 3rd clamping screw rod (18) and the 4th clamping screw rod (21), compass (8) lower edge place is provided with pointer (10), pointer (10) below is provided with baffle plate (11), baffle plate (11) is fixedly connected with dull and stereotyped (7), be provided with protractor (22) between the second Connection Block (23) and dull and stereotyped (7), the camber line of protractor (22) and rotating shaft (13) corotation move the center of circle, base (2) right-hand member below is provided with leg (24), leg (24) is positioned on the center line of base (2), base (2) left end below is symmetrically arranged with the first setting nut (1) and the second setting nut (15), and base (2) top is provided with two-way horizontal bubble instrument (14).

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