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CN106441040B - Tester and its application method for rocks verticality and flatness - Google Patents

Tester and its application method for rocks verticality and flatness Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106441040B
CN106441040B CN201610778167.XA CN201610778167A CN106441040B CN 106441040 B CN106441040 B CN 106441040B CN 201610778167 A CN201610778167 A CN 201610778167A CN 106441040 B CN106441040 B CN 106441040B
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Prior art keywords
rod
measuring rod
dial indicator
guide rails
fixed
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CN106441040A (en
Inventor
朱其志
史海岭
张冬梅
赵伦洋
全立哲
袁双双
倪涛
仇晶晶
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B5/245Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing perpendicularity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/28Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of tester for rocks verticality and flatness, including pedestal, measuring rod, amesdial and fixator, the measuring rod is fixed on the base by level locating mechanism, the amesdial is fixed on measuring rod by perpendicular positioning mechanism, the fixator is located at the measuring rod side, on the pedestal below amesdial, it can be convenient and verticality and roughness measurement efficiently are carried out to rocks sample by level locating mechanism and the mutual cooperation of perpendicular positioning mechanism, structure is simple, easy to use;In addition, the present invention also provides the application methods of the tester.

Description

用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪及其使用方法Tester for rock-like verticality and flatness and method of use

技术领域technical field

本发明属于岩土工程实验领域,涉及一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪及其使用方法。The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering experiments, and relates to a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness and a method for using the same.

背景技术Background technique

类岩石试样的制备、选取是十分重要的工作。类岩石试样的垂直度和平整度都对最终的试验数据有很大的影响。在类岩石常规三轴试验中,对小尺寸类岩石试样的垂直度和平整度要求很高,目前尚未有可以在实验前快速、简单的测量出试样的垂直度和平整度是否达到实验要求的仪器和方法。为此,需要有一种能够快速、便捷的测试类岩石试样垂直度和平整度的仪器装置和方法来解决此类问题。The preparation and selection of rock-like samples are very important tasks. Both the verticality and flatness of the rock-like specimen have a great influence on the final test data. In the conventional triaxial test of rock-like samples, the verticality and flatness of small-sized rock-like samples are very high. At present, there is no method that can quickly and simply measure whether the verticality and flatness of the samples reach the experimental level before the experiment. required instruments and methods. For this reason, there is a need for an instrument device and method that can quickly and conveniently test the verticality and flatness of rock-like samples to solve such problems.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明为了解决现有技术中存在的上述缺陷和不足,提供了一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪及其使用方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness and a method for using the same.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,包括底座、测量杆、千分表和固定器,所述测量杆通过水平定位机构固定在底座上,所述千分表通过垂直定位机构固定在测量杆上,所述固定器位于所述测量杆一侧、千分表下方的底座上。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness, comprising a base, a measuring rod, a dial indicator and a fixture, the measuring rod is fixed on the base by a horizontal positioning mechanism, The dial indicator is fixed on the measuring rod through a vertical positioning mechanism, and the holder is located on one side of the measuring rod and on the base below the dial indicator.

进一步,所述水平定位机构包括固定在底座上的定位座、设置定位座上的凹槽一和滑动安装在所述凹槽一内的滑动杆,所述滑动杆的端部和测量杆的下端部垂直相连,所述滑动杆在凹槽一内滑动带动测量杆靠近或远离固定器。Further, the horizontal positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat fixed on the base, a groove 1 on the positioning seat, and a sliding rod slidably installed in the groove 1, the end of the sliding rod and the lower end of the measuring rod. The two parts are vertically connected, and the sliding rod slides in the groove one to drive the measuring rod to approach or move away from the holder.

进一步,所述凹槽一上设有上盖,所述凹槽一底面上设有两条平行的导轨,分别为导轨一和导轨二,所述上盖的下表面上设有导轨三,三条导轨内均设有钢珠,所述滑动杆置于导轨一和导轨二上,所述滑动杆的上表面上对应所述导轨三的位置处设有导轨四。Further, an upper cover is provided on the first groove, and two parallel guide rails are arranged on the bottom surface of the groove one, which are respectively a guide rail and a guide rail. The lower surface of the upper cover is provided with a guide rail three and three guide rails. Steel balls are arranged in the guide rails, the sliding rods are placed on the first guide rails and the second guide rails, and guide rails four are arranged on the upper surface of the sliding rods at the positions corresponding to the third guide rails.

进一步,所述垂直定位机构包括活动安装在测量杆上的环形装置、固定安装在所述环形装置上旋转杆,所述旋转杆和所述测量杆相互垂直,所述千分表安装在所述旋转杆上。Further, the vertical positioning mechanism includes a ring device movably mounted on the measuring rod, a rotating rod fixedly mounted on the ring device, the rotating rod and the measuring rod are perpendicular to each other, and the dial indicator is mounted on the on the rotating rod.

进一步,所述环形装置内表面设有导轨五,所述导轨五内设有2个钢珠,所述测量杆相对的两个侧面上设有导轨六,所述导轨五内的2个钢珠分别置于两个导轨六内,环形装置在围绕测量杆旋转的同时沿着测量杆上下移动。Further, the inner surface of the annular device is provided with a guide rail five, the guide rail five is provided with two steel balls, the two opposite sides of the measuring rod are provided with a guide rail six, and the two steel balls in the guide rail five are respectively placed. Inside the two guide rails, the ring device moves up and down along the measuring rod while rotating around the measuring rod.

进一步,所述环形装置下设有定位片,所述定位片套装在所述测量杆上,所述定位片上设有紧固螺栓。Further, a positioning sheet is provided under the annular device, the positioning sheet is sleeved on the measuring rod, and a fastening bolt is provided on the positioning sheet.

进一步,所述旋转杆上设有滑块,所述滑块的一侧设有固定螺栓,另一侧设有千分表安装机构,所述千分表安装在所述安装机构上。Further, a sliding block is provided on the rotating rod, one side of the sliding block is provided with a fixing bolt, and the other side is provided with a dial indicator mounting mechanism, and the dial indicator is mounted on the mounting mechanism.

进一步,所述固定器包括至少2个具有伸缩功能的固定单元,固定单元分布在圆周上。Further, the fixing device includes at least two fixing units with telescopic function, and the fixing units are distributed on the circumference.

进一步,所述固定单元包括固定在底座上的固定块,所述固定块的下表面设有凹槽二,上表面设有螺栓,所述凹槽二内设有滑动块,所述滑动块的端部为U形结构,两侧设有固定片,U形结构两端部设有通孔,通孔内设有连杆,2个所述固定片的一端部通过连杆固定相连,所述连杆上套设有弹簧,所述弹簧的一端部固定在两固定片之间的横杆上,另一端固定在滑动块的上表面上,所述固定片的另一端通过转轴相连,所述转轴上设有滚轮。Further, the fixing unit includes a fixing block fixed on the base, the lower surface of the fixing block is provided with a second groove, the upper surface is provided with a bolt, and the second groove is provided with a sliding block, and the sliding block is provided with a sliding block. The end is a U-shaped structure, with fixing pieces on both sides, through holes are arranged at both ends of the U-shaped structure, and a connecting rod is arranged in the through hole, and one end of the two fixing pieces is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. A spring is sleeved on the connecting rod, one end of the spring is fixed on the cross bar between the two fixed pieces, the other end is fixed on the upper surface of the sliding block, the other end of the fixed piece is connected by a rotating shaft, the There is a roller on the rotating shaft.

本发明还提供一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:The present invention also provides a method for using a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

步骤一,将旋转杆向上移动至测量杆上端部,同时将试样放入固定器内,调整固定单元将试样固定牢固;Step 1, move the rotating rod up to the upper end of the measuring rod, put the sample into the holder at the same time, and adjust the fixing unit to fix the sample firmly;

步骤二,滑动杆从凹槽一内滑出,至测量杆紧贴试样,观察试样侧面是否与测量杆平行;Step 2, the sliding rod slides out from the groove 1 until the measuring rod is close to the sample, and observe whether the side of the sample is parallel to the measuring rod;

步骤三,将旋转杆向下移动至千分表的底端与试样的上表面接触,并向下按压旋转杆,然后将环形装置固定,读取此接触点的千分表读数;Step 3: Move the rotating rod downward until the bottom end of the dial indicator is in contact with the upper surface of the sample, and press the rotating rod downward, then fix the ring device, and read the dial indicator reading at this contact point;

步骤四,将旋转杆上移,然后让旋转杆围绕测量杆旋转至另一接触点,重复步骤三,得到另一接触点的千分表的读数,如此反复测量2-3个接触点,然后对比每个接触点的千分表的读数,判断试样的表面是否平整;Step 4, move the rotating rod up, and then rotate the rotating rod around the measuring rod to another contact point, repeat step 3, get the reading of the dial indicator of the other contact point, so repeatedly measure 2-3 contact points, then Compare the reading of the dial indicator at each contact point to determine whether the surface of the sample is flat;

步骤五,旋转杆上移,调解固定单元,把试样取出,旋转180度后重新固定在固定器内,重复步骤一到步骤四。Step 5: Move the rotating rod up, adjust the fixing unit, take out the sample, rotate it 180 degrees and fix it in the holder again, repeat steps 1 to 4.

本发明所达到的有益技术效果:本发明提供的用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,通过水平定位机构和垂直定位机构相互配合可以方便快捷的对类岩石试样进行垂直度和平整度测量,结构简单,使用方便;水平定位机构的滑动杆和定位座之间采用滚动摩擦的方式实现滑动杆进出定位座,可以有效延长仪器的使用寿命,垂直定位机构的环形装置与测量杆之间也为滚动摩擦,且同时实现了上下移动和水平转动两个动作,本发明的固定器可以根据试样的尺寸进行调节,而且使用方便;另外,本发明还提供了测试仪的使用方法,该方法操作简单,使用方便。Beneficial technical effects achieved by the present invention: the tester for rock-like verticality and flatness provided by the present invention can conveniently and quickly perform verticality and flatness on rock-like samples through the cooperation of the horizontal positioning mechanism and the vertical positioning mechanism. It is simple in structure and easy to use; the sliding rod of the horizontal positioning mechanism and the positioning seat adopt rolling friction to realize the sliding rod entering and leaving the positioning seat, which can effectively prolong the service life of the instrument. The ring device of the vertical positioning mechanism and the measuring rod There is also rolling friction between the test pieces, and two actions of up and down movement and horizontal rotation are realized at the same time. The holder of the present invention can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, and is easy to use; in addition, the present invention also provides a method of using the tester, The method is simple to operate and convenient to use.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1本发明结构示意图;Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention;

图2本发明之水平定位机构结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal positioning mechanism of the present invention;

图3本发明图2中沿A-A剖视示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along A-A in Figure 2 of the present invention;

图4本发明之垂直定位机构结构示意图;4 is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical positioning mechanism of the present invention;

图5本发明之固定单元结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed unit of the present invention.

其中:1底座;2测量杆;3千分表;4试样;5固定器;501固定块;502凹槽二;503滑动块;504固定片;505连杆;506弹簧;507横杆;508转轴;509滚轮;510螺栓;6水平定位机构;601定位座;602滑动杆;603凹槽一;604上盖;605导轨一;606导轨二;607导轨三;608钢珠;609导轨四;7垂直定位机构;701环形装置;702旋转杆;703导轨五;704定位片;705滑块;706安装机构;707紧固螺栓;708导轨六。Among them: 1 base; 2 measuring rod; 3 dial indicator; 4 sample; 5 holder; 501 fixing block; 502 groove 2; 503 sliding block; 504 fixing piece; 505 connecting rod; 506 spring; 508 shaft; 509 roller; 510 bolt; 6 horizontal positioning mechanism; 601 positioning seat; 602 sliding rod; 603 groove one; 604 upper cover; 605 rail one; 606 rail two; 607 rail three; 608 steel ball; 609 rail four; 7 vertical positioning mechanism; 701 ring device; 702 rotating rod; 703 guide rail five; 704 positioning piece; 705 slider; 706 installation mechanism;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

如图1-5所示,本发明提供一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,包括底座1、测量杆2、千分表3和固定器5,所述测量杆2通过水平定位机构6固定在底座1上,所述千分表3通过垂直定位机构7固定在测量杆2上,所述固定器5位于所述测量杆2一侧、千分表3下方的底座1上。As shown in Figures 1-5, the present invention provides a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness, comprising a base 1, a measuring rod 2, a dial indicator 3 and a fixture 5, the measuring rod 2 passing through the horizontal The positioning mechanism 6 is fixed on the base 1, the dial indicator 3 is fixed on the measuring rod 2 through the vertical positioning mechanism 7, and the holder 5 is located on the base 1 on one side of the measuring rod 2 and below the dial indicator 3 .

其中,所述水平定位机构6包括固定在底座1上的定位座601、设置定位座601上的凹槽一603和滑动安装在所述凹槽一603内的滑动杆602,所述滑动杆602的端部和测量杆2的下端部垂直相连,所述滑动杆602在凹槽一603内滑动带动测量杆2靠近或远离固定器5。优选地,所述凹槽一603上设有上盖604,所述凹槽一603底面上设有两条平行的导轨,分别为导轨一605和导轨二606,所述上盖604的下表面上设有导轨三607,三条导轨内均设有钢珠608,所述滑动杆602置于导轨一605和导轨二606上,所述滑动杆602的上表面上对应所述导轨三607的位置处设有导轨四609。滑动杆602通过钢珠608的滚动进出定位座601上的凹槽一603,使得滑动杆602与凹槽一603之间为滚动摩擦,有效延长了本发明的使用寿命。The horizontal positioning mechanism 6 includes a positioning seat 601 fixed on the base 1, a groove one 603 on the positioning seat 601, and a sliding rod 602 slidably installed in the groove one 603. The sliding rod 602 The end of the measuring rod 602 is vertically connected with the lower end of the measuring rod 2 . Preferably, the first groove 603 is provided with an upper cover 604 , and the bottom surface of the first groove 603 is provided with two parallel guide rails, which are the first guide rail 605 and the second guide rail 606 respectively. The lower surface of the upper cover 604 There are three guide rails 607 on the top, and steel balls 608 are arranged in the three guide rails. The sliding rod 602 is placed on the guide rail one 605 and the guide rail two 606. The upper surface of the sliding rod 602 corresponds to the position of the three guide rails 607. There are four 609 guide rails. The sliding rod 602 rolls in and out of the groove one 603 on the positioning seat 601 through the rolling of the steel ball 608, so that there is rolling friction between the sliding rod 602 and the groove one 603, which effectively prolongs the service life of the present invention.

所述垂直定位机构7包括活动安装在测量杆2上的环形装置701、固定安装在所述环形装置701上旋转杆702,所述旋转杆702和所述测量杆2相互垂直,所述千分表3安装在所述旋转杆702上。所述环形装置701内表面设有导轨五703,所述导轨五703内设有2个钢珠608,所述测量杆2相对的两个侧面上设有导轨六708,所述导轨五703内的2个钢珠608分别置于两个导轨六708内,环形装置701在围绕测量杆2旋转的同时沿着测量杆2上下移动。环形装置701与测量杆2之间也为滚动摩擦,且同时实现了上下移动和水平转动两个动作,结构简单,操作方便。所述环形装置701下设有定位片704,所述定位片704套装在所述测量杆2上,所述定位片704上设有紧固螺栓707。调整好环形装置701的位置后,将紧固螺栓707旋紧即可将环形装置701固定在测量杆2上。The vertical positioning mechanism 7 includes a ring device 701 movably mounted on the measuring rod 2, and a rotating rod 702 fixedly mounted on the ring device 701. The rotating rod 702 and the measuring rod 2 are perpendicular to each other. Table 3 is mounted on the rotating rod 702 . The inner surface of the ring device 701 is provided with a guide rail five 703, the guide rail five 703 is provided with two steel balls 608, the two opposite sides of the measuring rod 2 are provided with a guide rail six 708, and the guide rail five 703 is provided with a guide rail six 708. The two steel balls 608 are placed in the two guide rails 608 respectively, and the ring device 701 moves up and down along the measuring rod 2 while rotating around the measuring rod 2 . There is also rolling friction between the ring device 701 and the measuring rod 2, and two actions of up and down movement and horizontal rotation are realized at the same time, the structure is simple, and the operation is convenient. The annular device 701 is provided with a positioning piece 704 , the positioning piece 704 is sleeved on the measuring rod 2 , and a fastening bolt 707 is arranged on the positioning piece 704 . After adjusting the position of the ring device 701 , the ring device 701 can be fixed on the measuring rod 2 by tightening the fastening bolts 707 .

所述旋转杆702上设有滑块705,所述滑块705的一侧设有固定螺栓,另一侧设有千分表安装机构706,所述千分表3安装在所述安装机构706上。The rotating rod 702 is provided with a sliding block 705, one side of the sliding block 705 is provided with a fixing bolt, and the other side is provided with a dial indicator mounting mechanism 706, and the dial indicator 3 is mounted on the mounting mechanism 706 superior.

所述固定器5包括至少2个具有伸缩功能的固定单元,固定单元分布在圆周上,可以根据试样的尺寸进行调节,而且使用方便。所述固定单元包括固定在底座1上的固定块501,所述固定块501的下表面设有凹槽二502,上表面设有螺栓510,所述凹槽二502内设有滑动块503,所述滑动块503的端部为U形结构,两侧设有固定片504,U形两端部设有通孔,通孔内设有连杆505,2个所述固定片504的一端部通过连杆505固定相连,所述连杆505上套设有弹簧506,所述弹簧506的一端部固定在两固定片504之间的横杆507上,另一端固定在滑动块503的上表面上,所述固定片504的另一端通过转轴508相连,所述转轴508上设有滚轮509。使用时,固定片504可以围绕连杆505旋转,将试样4放置在适当位置后,由于弹簧506扭矩力的作为,使得试样4受到滚轮509的压力,从而保证了试样4固定得更加牢固。The holder 5 includes at least two fixing units with telescopic function, the fixing units are distributed on the circumference, can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, and are easy to use. The fixing unit includes a fixing block 501 fixed on the base 1, the lower surface of the fixing block 501 is provided with a second groove 502, the upper surface is provided with a bolt 510, and the second groove 502 is provided with a sliding block 503, The end of the sliding block 503 is a U-shaped structure, with fixing pieces 504 on both sides, through holes at both ends of the U-shape, and connecting rods 505 are arranged in the through holes, and one end of the two fixing pieces 504 The connecting rod 505 is fixedly connected. The connecting rod 505 is sleeved with a spring 506. One end of the spring 506 is fixed on the cross bar 507 between the two fixing pieces 504, and the other end is fixed on the upper surface of the sliding block 503. Above, the other end of the fixed piece 504 is connected by a rotating shaft 508, and the rotating shaft 508 is provided with a roller 509. When in use, the fixing plate 504 can rotate around the connecting rod 505. After placing the sample 4 in an appropriate position, the sample 4 is pressed by the roller 509 due to the torque force of the spring 506, thereby ensuring that the sample 4 is more fixed. firm.

本发明还提供一种用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:The present invention also provides a method for using a tester for rock-like verticality and flatness, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

步骤一,将旋转杆向上移动至测量杆上端部,同时将试样放入固定器内,调整固定单元将试样固定牢固;Step 1, move the rotating rod up to the upper end of the measuring rod, put the sample into the holder at the same time, and adjust the fixing unit to fix the sample firmly;

步骤二,滑动杆从凹槽一内滑出,至测量杆紧贴试样,观察试样侧面是否与测量杆平行;Step 2, the sliding rod slides out from the groove 1 until the measuring rod is close to the sample, and observe whether the side of the sample is parallel to the measuring rod;

步骤三,将旋转杆向下移动至千分表的底端与试样的上表面接触,并向下按压旋转杆,然后将环形装置固定,读取此接触点的千分表读数;Step 3: Move the rotating rod downward until the bottom end of the dial indicator is in contact with the upper surface of the sample, and press the rotating rod downward, then fix the ring device, and read the dial indicator reading at this contact point;

步骤四,将旋转杆上移,然后让旋转杆围绕测量杆旋转至另一接触点,重复步骤三,得到另一接触点的千分表的读数,如此反复测量2-3个接触点,然后对比每个接触点的千分表的读数,判断试样的表面是否平整;Step 4, move the rotating rod up, and then rotate the rotating rod around the measuring rod to another contact point, repeat step 3, get the reading of the dial indicator of the other contact point, so repeatedly measure 2-3 contact points, then Compare the reading of the dial indicator at each contact point to determine whether the surface of the sample is flat;

步骤五,旋转杆上移,调解固定单元,把试样取出,旋转180度后重新固定在固定器内,重复步骤一到步骤四。Step 5: Move the rotating rod up, adjust the fixing unit, take out the sample, rotate it 180 degrees and fix it in the holder again, repeat steps 1 to 4.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,其特征在于:包括底座、测量杆、千分表和固定器,所述测量杆通过水平定位机构固定在底座上,所述千分表通过垂直定位机构固定在测量杆上,所述固定器位于所述测量杆一侧、千分表下方的底座上;1. A tester for rock-like verticality and flatness, characterized in that it comprises a base, a measuring rod, a dial indicator and a fixture, and the measuring rod is fixed on the base by a horizontal positioning mechanism, and the dial indicator is It is fixed on the measuring rod through a vertical positioning mechanism, and the fixture is located on one side of the measuring rod and the base below the dial indicator; 所述水平定位机构包括固定在底座上的定位座、设置定位座上的凹槽一和滑动安装在所述凹槽一内的滑动杆,所述滑动杆的端部和测量杆的下端部垂直相连,所述滑动杆在凹槽一内滑动带动测量杆靠近或远离固定器;所述凹槽一上设有上盖,所述凹槽一底面上设有两条平行的导轨,分别为导轨一和导轨二,所述上盖的下表面上设有导轨三,三条导轨内均设有钢珠,所述滑动杆置于导轨一和导轨二上,所述滑动杆的上表面上对应所述导轨三的位置处设有导轨四;The horizontal positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat fixed on the base, a groove 1 on the positioning seat, and a sliding rod slidably installed in the groove 1. The end of the sliding rod is perpendicular to the lower end of the measuring rod. Connected, the sliding rod slides in the first groove to drive the measuring rod close to or away from the fixture; the first groove is provided with an upper cover, and the bottom surface of the first groove is provided with two parallel guide rails, which are the guide rails respectively. The first and second guide rails, the lower surface of the upper cover is provided with guide rails 3, and the three guide rails are provided with steel balls. The sliding rods are placed on the first and second guide rails. The position of the guide rail three is provided with the guide rail four; 所述垂直定位机构包括活动安装在测量杆上的环形装置、固定安装在所述环形装置上旋转杆,所述旋转杆和所述测量杆相互垂直,所述千分表安装在所述旋转杆上;The vertical positioning mechanism includes a ring device movably installed on the measuring rod, a rotating rod fixedly installed on the ring device, the rotating rod and the measuring rod are perpendicular to each other, and the dial indicator is installed on the rotating rod. superior; 所述固定器包括至少2个具有伸缩功能的固定单元,固定单元分布在圆周上;所述固定单元包括固定在底座上的固定块,所述固定块的下表面设有凹槽二,上表面设有螺栓,所述凹槽二内设有滑动块,所述滑动块的端部为U形结构,两侧设有固定片,U形结构两端部设有通孔,通孔内设有连杆,2个所述固定片的一端部通过连杆固定相连,所述连杆上套设有弹簧,所述弹簧的一端部固定在两固定片之间的横杆上,另一端固定在滑动块的上表面上,所述固定片的另一端通过转轴相连,所述转轴上设有滚轮。The fixing device includes at least two fixing units with telescopic function, and the fixing units are distributed on the circumference; the fixing unit includes a fixing block fixed on the base, the lower surface of the fixing block is provided with groove two, and the upper surface is provided with two grooves. Bolts are provided, and a sliding block is arranged in the second groove. The end of the sliding block is a U-shaped structure, and the two sides are provided with fixing pieces. The two ends of the U-shaped structure are provided with through holes, and the through holes are provided with Connecting rod, one end of the two fixed pieces is fixedly connected by a connecting rod, a spring is sleeved on the connecting rod, one end of the spring is fixed on the cross bar between the two fixed pieces, and the other end is fixed on the On the upper surface of the sliding block, the other end of the fixed piece is connected by a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is provided with a roller. 2.根据权利要求1所述的用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,其特征在于:所述环形装置内表面设有导轨五,所述导轨五内设有2个钢珠,所述测量杆相对的两个侧面上设有导轨六,所述导轨五内的2个钢珠分别置于两个导轨六内,环形装置在围绕测量杆旋转的同时沿着测量杆上下移动。2 . The tester for rock-like verticality and flatness according to claim 1 , wherein the inner surface of the annular device is provided with a guide rail five, and the guide rail five is provided with 2 steel balls, the The two opposite sides of the measuring rod are provided with guide rails 6, the two steel balls in the guide rails 5 are respectively placed in the two guide rails 6, and the ring device rotates around the measuring rod while moving up and down along the measuring rod. 3.根据权利要求1所述的用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,其特征在于:所述环形装置下设有定位片,所述定位片套装在所述测量杆上,所述定位片上设有紧固螺栓。3 . The tester for rock-like verticality and flatness according to claim 1 , wherein the annular device is provided with a positioning piece, the positioning piece is sleeved on the measuring rod, and the There are fastening bolts on the positioning piece. 4.根据权利要求1所述的用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪,其特征在于:所述旋转杆上设有滑块,所述滑块的一侧设有固定螺栓,另一侧设有千分表安装机构,所述千分表安装在所述安装机构上。4 . The tester for rock-like verticality and flatness according to claim 1 , wherein the rotating rod is provided with a slider, one side of the slider is provided with a fixing bolt, and the other A dial indicator mounting mechanism is provided on the side, and the dial indicator is mounted on the mounting mechanism. 5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于类岩石垂直度和平整度的测试仪的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:5. the using method of the tester for rock-like verticality and flatness according to any one of claims 1-4, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤一,将旋转杆向上移动至测量杆上端部,同时将试样放入固定器内,调整固定单元将试样固定牢固;Step 1, move the rotating rod up to the upper end of the measuring rod, put the sample into the holder at the same time, and adjust the fixing unit to fix the sample firmly; 步骤二,滑动杆从凹槽一内滑出,至测量杆紧贴试样,观察试样侧面是否与测量杆平行;Step 2, the sliding rod slides out from the groove 1 until the measuring rod is close to the sample, and observe whether the side of the sample is parallel to the measuring rod; 步骤三,将旋转杆向下移动至千分表的底端与试样的上表面接触,并向下按压旋转杆,然后将环形装置固定,读取此接触点的千分表读数;Step 3: Move the rotating rod downward until the bottom end of the dial indicator is in contact with the upper surface of the sample, and press the rotating rod downward, then fix the ring device, and read the dial indicator reading at this contact point; 步骤四,将旋转杆上移,然后让旋转杆围绕测量杆旋转至另一接触点,重复步骤三,得到另一接触点的千分表的读数,如此反复测量2-3个接触点,然后对比每个接触点的千分表的读数,判断试样的表面是否平整;Step 4, move the rotating rod up, and then rotate the rotating rod around the measuring rod to another contact point, repeat step 3, get the reading of the dial indicator of the other contact point, so repeatedly measure 2-3 contact points, then Compare the reading of the dial indicator at each contact point to determine whether the surface of the sample is flat; 步骤五,旋转杆上移,调节固定单元,把试样取出,旋转180度后重新固定在固定器内,重复步骤一到步骤四。Step 5: Move the rotating rod up, adjust the fixing unit, take out the sample, rotate it 180 degrees and fix it in the holder again, repeat steps 1 to 4.
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