CN202995471U - Automatic tracking device of photovoltaic cell maximum exposure dose - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation amount of a photovoltaic battery. The device includes a photovoltaic cell, a transmission system and a control circuit; wherein, the photovoltaic cell includes a photovoltaic cell panel and a fixed bracket for supporting the photovoltaic cell panel, and the photovoltaic cell panel is symmetrically hinged on the fixed bracket; the transmission system is respectively connected to the two ends of the photovoltaic cell panel connected, and located in the middle of the edges of both ends; the control circuit includes a current and voltage sampling circuit and a motor drive circuit; wherein, the current and voltage sampling circuit is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, the motor drive circuit is electrically connected to the transmission system, and the current and voltage sampling circuit It is electrically connected with the motor drive circuit. The utility model designs a practical and feasible automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation of photovoltaic cells. The system structure is relatively simple, no external power supply is required, and fast automatic tracking of the maximum radiation of photovoltaic cells can be realized.

Description

An automatic tracking device for maximum irradiation of photovoltaic cells

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of a photovoltaic cell, in particular to an automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation amount of a photovoltaic cell. the

Background technique

Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources on the earth. It has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, clean and pollution-free, and is the most important energy source for future social development. At present, the utilization of solar energy mainly includes two aspects: photothermal effect and photovoltaic effect. Among them, the research and application of photovoltaic power generation technology has huge development space. the

Solar power generation refers to the use of photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation refers to the percentage of solar radiation output by photovoltaic cells in a unit area. Due to the limitation of the photovoltaic cell material itself, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel is generally only between 14% and 20%, and the maximum is not more than 40%. Another factor that affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency is the installation method of the photovoltaic cell panel, that is, tilting Angle and elevation angle design. The choice of altitude angle is generally based on the local latitude and land area. In a specific latitude area, the design of the altitude angle is relatively simple; the design of the inclination angle generally follows the principle of balanced annual power generation or the principle of maximum power generation in summer. Regardless of the principle, there is a problem that once the inclination angle is fixed, it cannot be changed; thus, the daily and annual power generation of photovoltaic cells is greatly reduced. the

Utility model content

The purpose of the invention of the utility model is to provide a practical, fast and accurate automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation amount of photovoltaic cells that increases the daily and annual power generation in view of the technical deficiencies of the existing photovoltaic cells. the

For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:

An automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation amount of a photovoltaic cell is provided, including a photovoltaic cell, a transmission system and a control circuit; wherein the photovoltaic cell includes a photovoltaic cell panel and a fixed bracket for supporting the photovoltaic cell panel, and the photovoltaic cell panel is symmetrically hinged on the on a fixed bracket; the transmission system is respectively connected to both ends of the photovoltaic cell panel, and is located in the middle of the edges of the two ends; the control circuit includes a current and voltage sampling circuit and a motor drive circuit; wherein, the current and voltage sampling circuit is connected to the photovoltaic cell panel electrical connection, the motor drive circuit is electrically connected to the transmission system, and the current and voltage sampling circuit is electrically connected to the motor drive circuit.

，

=当地纬度-

，取2°~5°。  Preferably, the plane of the base of the fixing bracket faces the south direction of the place where the photovoltaic cell is installed, and the included angle with the horizontal plane is

,

= local latitude -

, Take 2°~5°.

Preferably, the photovoltaic battery panel can rotate around the hinge point of the fixing bracket, and can remain stable without external force. the

Preferably, the current and voltage sampling circuit includes a photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit and a sensor, the photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell panel through a photovoltaic cell panel junction box, and the photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit The circuit is electrically connected to the sensor through the DC bus. the

Preferably, the motor drive circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer and a motor, and the sensor is electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer; the sensor samples the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel and sends it to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer performs power calculation and generates a drive signal to control the motor. Reverse; the output of the motor is connected to the transmission system. The motor adopts a DC motor. the

Preferably, the transmission system includes a transmission gear, a driven gear, a first rack, a second rack and a right-angle sleeve, the transmission gear is driven by a motor and coupled with the first rack; the driven gear is coupled with the second rack; The transmission gear is connected to the passive gear driven by the direction-changing speed-regulating gear, wherein the direction-changing speed-regulating gear is coupled with the transmission gear and the driven gear respectively; one end of the first rack and the second rack is respectively connected to the The two ends are connected, and the photovoltaic panel cannot rotate around the hinge point; the other ends of the first rack and the second rack are respectively connected to two right-angle sleeves, so that the first rack and the second rack are always kept vertical state. the

，

取-60°~60°；且倾角调节的步长为

，

取2°或5°。可通过倾角步长计算第一齿条和第一齿条的伸长或缩短尺寸，进而设计出齿轮组各齿轮的齿数和电机的旋转速度，进而实现功率检测、光伏电池板倾角调节以及最大输出功率跟踪。  Preferably, the inclination angle between the wide side of the photovoltaic cell panel and the fixed support is

,

Take -60°~60°; and the step size of inclination adjustment is

,

Take 2° or 5°. The elongation or shortening dimensions of the first rack and the first rack can be calculated through the inclination step, and then the number of teeth of each gear in the gear set and the rotation speed of the motor can be designed to realize power detection, photovoltaic panel inclination adjustment and maximum output power tracking.

A method for using the above-mentioned automatic tracking device for the maximum irradiance of photovoltaic cells, comprising the following steps: under the current inclination condition, the sensor samples the output rated power generated by the solar radiation received by the photovoltaic cell panel; compares this power with the previous detection The power is compared to control the forward/reverse direction and the number of revolutions of the motor; the forward/reverse rotation of the motor drives the forward/reverse rotation of the gear set, thereby dragging the first rack and the second rack to elongate/shrink; As the length of the rack and the second rack changes, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cell panel changes accordingly to adjust the direct sunlight to be perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel, thereby realizing automatic tracking of the maximum irradiance of the photovoltaic cell. the

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. This utility model designs a practical and feasible automatic tracking device for the maximum radiation amount of photovoltaic cells. The system structure is relatively simple, no external power supply is required, and fast automatic tracking of the maximum radiation amount can be realized.

2. The proposal of the utility model is conducive to improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells and increasing the daily and annual average power generation of photovoltaic cells; the utility model has a simple and reasonable structure and low cost, which can meet energy-saving requirements. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic tracking device for maximum irradiation of photovoltaic cells;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the automatic tracking device for maximum irradiation of photovoltaic cells;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the angle between the base of the fixed bracket of the present invention and the horizontal plane;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the inclination angle between the photovoltaic cell panel and the fixed support in this embodiment;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the inclination angle between the photovoltaic cell panel and the fixed bracket when the rack is stretched out;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the inclination angle between the photovoltaic cell panel and the fixed bracket when the rack is inserted.

Detailed ways

The purpose of the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The examples cannot be repeated here one by one, but the implementation of the utility model is not therefore limited to the following examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and processing methods used in the present invention are conventional materials and processing methods in the technical field. the

As shown in Figure 1, a practical automatic tracking device for the maximum irradiance of photovoltaic cells. The device mainly includes a photovoltaic cell, a control circuit and a rack and pinion transmission system. The photovoltaic cell includes a photovoltaic cell panel 2 and a fixing bracket 15 for supporting the photovoltaic cell panel. Among them, the size of the photovoltaic cell panel is long side (120cm) × wide side (80cm) and the output rated power is 200W. The photovoltaic cell panel 2 is symmetrically hinged on the fixed bracket 15; the hinge point 4 between the fixed bracket and the photovoltaic cell panel is located at the midpoint of the broadside and is always perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel. The photovoltaic panel 2 can rotate around the hinge point 4 of the fixed bracket, and can remain stable without external force. 

The control circuit part is composed of a current and voltage sampling circuit 18 and a motor drive circuit 19. The current and voltage sampling circuit 18 samples the current and voltage of the output terminal of the photovoltaic cell through a sensor and a voltage dividing resistor; Calculate and control the DC motor 20 .

The current and voltage sampling circuit 18 includes a photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit 16 and a sensor, the photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit 16 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell panel 2 through the photovoltaic cell panel junction box 3, and the photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking circuit 16 is connected through a DC The bus 17 is electrically connected to the sensors. the

The motor drive circuit 19 includes a single-chip microcomputer and a motor, and the sensor is electrically connected to the single-chip electromechanical; the sensor samples the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic cell panel and sends it into the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer performs power calculation and generates a drive signal to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor; the output terminal of the motor is connected to the transmission system. Motor adopts DC motor 20. The sensor adopts Hall current sensor. the

The transmission system includes a transmission gear 9 , a driven gear 8 , a first rack 6 , a second rack 10 and right-angle sleeves 11 , 12 , 13 . The transmission gear 9 is driven by a DC motor 20 and coupled with the first rack 6 . The driven gear 8 is coupled with the second rack 10 . The transmission gear 9 drives the passive gear 8 to connect through the direction changing speed regulating gear 7 . Wherein, the direction changing speed regulating gear 7 is coupled with the transmission gear 9 and the driven gear 8 respectively. One end of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 are respectively connected to the middle of the two ends of the photovoltaic cell panel 2, and the photovoltaic cell panel 2 cannot rotate around the hinge point, and the degree of freedom of the hinge point is zero. The other ends of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 are connected to two right-angle sleeves 11 and 13 respectively, so that the racks of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 are always kept vertical. the

=当地纬度-

，

取2°~5°之间。另外，保持两者的交线与光伏电池板的宽边平行；光伏电池板可绕固定支架铰接点在光伏板板面垂直面自由旋转，且在不受外力影响的情况下保持稳定，从而不发生晃动。  As shown in Figure 2, the plane 21 of the base of the fixing bracket is parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel, so that the plane intersects with the horizontal plane, faces the south direction of the installation site, and has an angle of ,

= local latitude -

,

Take between 2°~5°. In addition, keep the line of intersection between the two parallel to the broad side of the photovoltaic panel; the photovoltaic panel can rotate freely around the hinge point of the fixed bracket on the vertical plane of the photovoltaic panel surface, and remains stable without being affected by external forces, so as not to Shaking occurs.

The control circuit obtains the control power directly through the photovoltaic panel, and I and U respectively sample the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic cell through the Hall current sensor and the voltage dividing resistor, and send the sampling signal to the single-chip microcomputer for power calculation and comparison, and output the control signal Drive the direction (forward or reverse) and the number of rotations of the DC motor; the motor drives the gear to rotate, so that the rack moves left and right or up and down, as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6. the

Since one end of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 are respectively connected to the middle of the long side of the photovoltaic panel and the degree of freedom of the hinge point is zero; the other ends of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 are respectively inserted into two right-angled sleeves In the barrels 11 and 13, therefore, when the gears rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, the length of the first rack 6 extending into or shortening the right-angle sleeve 11 increases, and the length of the second rack extending or shortening the right-angle sleeve 13 also increases. increase, so that the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cell panel 2 changes. the

，

取-60°~60°；且倾角调节的步长为，

取2°或5°；通过倾角步长计算第一齿条6和第二齿条10的伸长或缩短尺寸，进而设计出各齿轮的齿数和直流电机的旋转速度，进而实现功率检测、光伏电池板倾角调节以及最大输出功率跟踪。  The inclination angle between the photovoltaic panel and the fixed support is

,

Take -60°~60°; and the step size of inclination adjustment is ,

Take 2° or 5°; calculate the elongation or shortening dimensions of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 through the inclination step, and then design the number of teeth of each gear and the rotation speed of the DC motor, and then realize power detection, photovoltaic Panel inclination adjustment and maximum output power tracking.

A method for using the above-mentioned automatic tracking device for the maximum irradiance of photovoltaic cells, comprising the following steps: under the current inclination condition, the sensor samples the output rated power generated by the solar radiation received by the photovoltaic cell panel; compares this power with the previous detection The power is compared to control the forward/reverse direction and the number of rotations of the DC motor 20; the forward/reverse rotation of the DC motor 20 drives the forward/reverse rotation of the gear set, thereby dragging the elongation of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 /shortening; as the length of the first rack 6 and the second rack 10 change, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel 2 changes accordingly to adjust the direct sunlight to be perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby realizing the maximum irradiance of the photovoltaic cell automatic tracking. the

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation scope of the present utility model. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the utility model are covered by the scope of protection required by the claims of the utility model. the

Claims (7)

1. a photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker, is characterized in that: comprise photovoltaic cell, kinematic train and control circuit; Wherein, photovoltaic cell comprises photovoltaic battery panel and be used for to support the fixed support of photovoltaic battery panel, and described photovoltaic battery panel symmetry is articulated on fixed support; Described kinematic train is connected with photovoltaic battery panel two ends respectively, and is located at the middle part of edges at two ends; Described control circuit comprises current-voltage sampling circuit and motor-drive circuit; Wherein, current-voltage sampling circuit is electrically connected to photovoltaic battery panel, and motor-drive circuit is electrically connected to kinematic train, and current-voltage sampling circuit and motor-drive circuit are electrically connected to.

2. photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fixed support base plane towards the Due South on the installation ground of photovoltaic cell to and with the angle of surface level be

, =local latitude- ,

Get 2 ° ~ 5 °.

3. photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described photovoltaic battery panel can rotate around the fixed support pin joint, and in the situation that is not subjected to external force can keep stable.

4. according to claim 1-3 described photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure of any one autotrackers, it is characterized in that: described current-voltage sampling circuit comprises photovoltaic battery panel maximal power tracing circuit and sensor, described photovoltaic battery panel maximal power tracing circuit is electrically connected to photovoltaic battery panel by connection box for photovoltaic battery board, and described photovoltaic battery panel maximal power tracing circuit is connected with sensor electrical by dc bus.

5. photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described motor-drive circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer and motor, described sensor is electrically connected to single-chip microcomputer; The output voltage electric current of described sensor sample photovoltaic battery panel is also sent in single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer carries out power calculation and produce driving signal to control motor positive and inverse; Motor output end connection for transmission system.

6. photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described kinematic train comprises transmission gear, driven gear, the first tooth bar, the second tooth bar and right angle sleeve, and transmission gear is coupled by driven by motor and with the first tooth bar; Driven gear and the coupling of the second tooth bar; Described transmission gear drives driven gear by the break-in governor gear and connects, and wherein, the break-in governor gear is coupled with transmission gear, driven gear respectively; One end of described the first tooth bar, the second tooth bar is connected with the two ends of photovoltaic battery panel respectively, and photovoltaic battery panel can not rotate around pin joint; The other end of described the first tooth bar, the second tooth bar accesses respectively two right angle sleeves, makes the first tooth bar, the second tooth bar remain plumbness.

7. photovoltaic cell maximum permissible exposure autotracker according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inclination angle between described photovoltaic battery panel broadside and fixed support is

,

Get-60 ° ~ 60 °; And the step-length of tilt adjustment is

,

Get 2 ° or 5 °.

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