CN202928220U - Deep low temperature heat regenerator adopting carbon nanometer heat regeneration filling materials and pulse pipe refrigerating machine of deep low temperature heat regenerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a deep-low temperature regenerator adopting carbon nanometer regenerative filler, which comprises a stainless steel tube and a regenerative filler placed in the stainless steel tube. At least one segment of the stainless steel filler is a carbon nanometer material segment. The utility model uses carbon nanomaterials composed of any one or more of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and carbon nanometal cages with a diameter of less than 1 micron to form a high-efficiency low-temperature regenerator in the stainless steel tube. , due to the high volume specific heat capacity of helium in the liquid helium temperature zone, the carbon nanomaterials that have adsorbed helium also have a high volume specific heat capacity in a wide temperature range below 10K, and have good stability at the same time. A very excellent regenerative filler in the deep low temperature zone. Compared with the deep low temperature regenerator using the traditional regenerative filler, the regenerator using carbon nanomaterials as the regenerative filler can obtain higher efficiency, thereby improving The performance of the pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature zone was investigated.

Description

Deep low temperature regenerator and its pulse tube refrigerator using carbon nanometer regenerative filler

technical field

The utility model relates to a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, in particular to a deep-low temperature regenerator with carbon nanometer regenerative filler and a pulse tube refrigerator.

Background technique

The liquid helium temperature zone plays an indispensable and important role in the fields of national defense, military, energy, medical, aerospace, low temperature physics and so on. Since the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh.Onnes first realized the liquefaction of helium in 1908, the liquid helium temperature zone (4K) has been the focus and difficulty of the research in the field of cryogenic engineering. At the same time, especially since the 1980s, human beings have higher technical and performance requirements for cryogenic refrigeration technology, and more and more stringent requirements have been put forward for the efficiency, reliability, volume, weight, and vibration of cryogenic refrigerators. Require.

The pulse tube refrigerator was proposed by Gifford and Longsworth in 1964. It has no moving parts at the cold end and has the potential advantages of high reliability and long life. After nearly half a century of development, the pulse tube refrigerator has been widely used in Aerospace, low-temperature superconductivity and other fields. According to different driving sources, pulse tube refrigerators are mainly divided into G-M pulse tube refrigerators (also called low-frequency pulse tube refrigerators) and Stirling pulse tube refrigerators (also called high-frequency pulse tube refrigerators); G-M pulse tube refrigerators are composed of The G-M refrigerator is driven by the compressor, and its operating frequency is generally 1 to 2 Hz. The Stirling pulse tube refrigerator is driven by a linear compressor, and its operating frequency is generally 30 Hz.

At present, the lowest temperature that can be obtained by GM pulse tube refrigerator is 1.3K, and the commercial application of liquid helium and above temperature zone has been realized, but its efficiency in the liquid helium temperature zone is very low (at 4.2K, the cooling capacity of 1W needs input 6~10kW electric power); compared with GM pulse tube refrigerator, Stirling pulse tube refrigerator has a series of advantages such as compact structure, high efficiency, light weight, etc., and its technology in the temperature range of 35K and above is relatively mature, At present, it has been widely used in aerospace missions in the above temperature range, but the efficiency of the Stirling pulse tube refrigerator at deep low temperature (<10K) is still extremely low, one of the main reasons is that the volume specific heat capacity of helium increases sharply in the temperature range below 15K Large, while the specific heat capacity of commonly used regenerative fillers (such as lead shot, stainless steel, etc.) is significantly reduced. Although magnetic regenerative fillers (Er ₃ Ni, etc.) have a higher peak volume specific heat capacity, the peak only exists in its phase transition In the temperature range, the efficiency of the deep low temperature regenerator decreases sharply (as shown in Figure 4), which in turn leads to the extremely low efficiency of the Stirling pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature range. The regenerative packing with high specific heat capacity is a key to solve the inefficiency of current pulse tube refrigerators in the liquid helium temperature zone. The patent document with the application number CN200910100286.X discloses a high-frequency regenerator using stainless steel fiber regenerating material and its refrigerator. The high-frequency regenerator using stainless steel fiber regenerating material is filled with wire diameter The high-frequency regenerator is composed of stainless steel fibers of 2mm-15mm. The working frequency in the 300-80K temperature zone is 150HZ-1000HZ, and the working frequency in the 80K-35K temperature zone is 100HZ-1000HZ. This new type of high-frequency regenerator can be applied not only to single-stage pulse tube refrigerators in the 80K temperature zone, but also to multi-stage thermally coupled or gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerators in the 35K temperature zone. The stainless steel fiber has a smaller wire diameter than the traditional stainless steel wire mesh, which can form a smaller fluid channel, which can make the regenerator work in the 300K-80K temperature range, 150-1000HZ high-frequency working condition, or at 80K-35K temperature Zone, 100-1000HZ high-frequency working conditions, work efficiently. But as mentioned above, at deep low temperature (<10K), the specific heat capacity of the heat recovery material will drop significantly, which greatly affects the refrigeration efficiency of the heat recovery device and the pulse tube refrigerator.

Utility model content

The utility model provides a deep-low temperature regenerator adopting carbon nanometer regenerative filler. The regenerator is filled with carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and carbon nanometers with diameters less than 1 micron in stainless steel tubes. Carbon nanomaterials composed of any one or more materials in the metal cage have very good adsorption capacity when the working temperature range is 10K or below. Since the volume specific heat capacity of helium in the liquid helium temperature range is high, Therefore, carbon nanomaterials that have absorbed helium also have a high volume specific heat capacity in a wide temperature range below 10K, and have good stability. It is a regenerative filler with a high volume specific heat capacity. The regenerator of the material has higher heat recovery efficiency in the temperature range below 10K.

A deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers, including stainless steel tubes and regenerative fillers placed in the stainless steel tubes, characterized in that at least one section of the regenerative fillers is filled with carbon nano-materials of carbon nanomaterials.

The diameter of the carbon nanomaterials is several to tens of nanometers, and the length of the carbon nanomaterials is on the order of microns. For example, preferably, the carbon nanomaterial may be composed of any one or more of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and carbon nanometal cages with a diameter of less than 1 micron. The carbon nanomaterial segment is close to the cold end of the regenerator. The height of the carbon nanomaterial section needs to be determined according to the temperature of the actual working area of the regenerator, and the carbon nanomaterial section needs to be in the part where the working temperature area of the regenerator is below 10K. When actually filling, it needs to be determined first according to the simulation calculation, the temperature distribution in the axial direction of the regenerator is determined according to the simulation calculation, and then filled with carbon nanomaterials according to the temperature distribution.

Carbon nanomaterials are a new type of material newly developed in the past 20 years. Its diameter is several to tens of nanometers, and its length is on the order of microns. It has a very large specific surface area, so it has a strong adsorption capacity. Storage and other fields have received extensive attention and research. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of carbon nanobeams adsorbing gas. It can be seen from the figure that carbon nanotubes can not only adsorb gases inside (1 point), but also between the tube bundles (2 points) and outside the tube bundles (3 points and Point 4) Adsorb a certain amount of gas. If carbon nanomaterials are filled in the stainless steel tube and high-pressure helium is injected at the same time, the carbon nanomaterials will absorb a large amount of helium, and the adsorption amount will increase as the temperature decreases, so , these carbon nanomaterials that have adsorbed a large amount of helium will have a volumetric specific heat capacity close to that of helium at the same pressure and temperature. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the volumetric specific heat capacity of carbon nanomaterials that have adsorbed helium is in a wide deep and low temperature range (below 10K) is larger than the commonly used deep-low temperature regenerative packing, it is a new kind of regenerative packing with high volume specific heat capacity, and the deep-low temperature pulse tube refrigerator using the regenerator composed of carbon nanomaterials will have higher Efficiency and better performance, while carbon nanomaterials are easy to prepare, easy to obtain and cheap.

Based on the above-mentioned deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating filler and the existing pulse tube refrigerator, the utility model provides several pulse tube refrigerators. The refrigeration efficiency of the following several pulse tube refrigerators is relatively high. High, all can efficiently reach the working temperature range of 10K and lower.

A pulse tube refrigerator, comprising a first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and a second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit, the first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit Both adopt low-frequency compressor units; the regenerator of the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit includes a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator, a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger and The second-stage low-temperature section regenerator; the first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are connected through the first stage of the first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit The heat bridge between the cold end heat exchanger and the cold end heat exchanger of the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator is thermally coupled; the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator adopts the carbon Deep low temperature regenerator with nanometer regenerative filler. The composition of the low-frequency compressor unit is an existing technology, and generally includes a compressor, an aftercooler, a low-pressure control valve, and a high-pressure control valve.

The first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit includes a first-stage low-frequency compressor unit, a first-stage regenerator, a first-stage cold-end heat exchanger, a first-stage pulse tube, and a first-stage pulse tube The hot-end heat exchanger and the first-stage phase-adjusting mechanism, the first-stage phase-adjusting mechanism includes: the first-stage gas storage, which communicates with the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger through the pipeline; the first The first-stage small hole valve is arranged on the pipeline between the first-stage gas storage and the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger; The unit is in communication with the pipeline between the first-stage regenerator, and the other end is in communication with the pipeline between the first-stage orifice valve and the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger.

The second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit includes a second-stage low-frequency compressor unit, a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator, a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger, and a second-stage low-frequency compressor unit connected in sequence. The low-temperature section regenerator, the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger, the second-stage pulse tube, the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger, and the second-stage phasing mechanism, the second-stage phasing mechanism includes: The secondary gas storage is communicated with the heat exchanger at the hot end of the second-stage pulse tube through the pipeline; the second-stage orifice valve is arranged at the hot end of the second-stage gas storage and the second-stage pulse tube On the pipeline between the heat exchangers; the second-stage two-way intake valve, one end communicates with the pipeline between the second-stage low-frequency compressor unit and the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator, and the other end communicates with the second-stage The small hole valve communicates with the pipeline between the heat exchanger at the hot end of the second-stage pulse tube.

The first-stage phasing mechanism and the second-stage phasing mechanism can also use other phasing mechanisms with the same phasing function to adjust the mass flow and pressure wave phase in the corresponding regenerator to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system .

When using a low-frequency compressor unit, generally a two-stage structure can be used to reach the working temperature range of 10K and below 10K. When a high-frequency compressor unit is used, for example, when a linear compressor is used, under the current conditions, it is difficult for the two-stage structure to reach the working temperature range below 10K, so in order to ensure that the regenerator of the utility model can work more effectively, Preferably, a pulse tube refrigerator includes a first-stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, a second stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, and a third stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit; the second stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit The pulse tube refrigerator unit includes a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator, a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger, and a second-stage low-temperature section regenerator connected in sequence; the third-stage low-temperature pulse The regenerator in the tube refrigerator unit includes the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator, the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator cold end heat exchanger, and the third-stage second pre-cooling section connected in sequence. Regenerator, third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger, third-stage low-temperature section regenerator; said first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube The refrigerator unit and the third-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are connected to the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger of the first-stage pre-cooling pulse-tube refrigerator unit, and the cold-end heat exchanger of the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator And the first-stage heat bridge between the cold-end heat exchanger of the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator performs a thermal coupling, and is connected to the third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger and The second-stage thermal bridge of the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger of the second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit performs secondary thermal coupling; the third-stage low-temperature section regenerator is any one of the above-mentioned technical solutions The deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nanometer regenerating filler.

The first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, the second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the third-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit all include a phase adjustment mechanism, and the phase adjustment mechanism is composed of an air bank and It consists of an inertia tube arranged between the gas store and the corresponding pulse tube hot end heat exchanger.

In order to further reduce the working temperature range of the low-temperature section of the third-stage low-temperature pulse-tube refrigerator unit, as a preference, the pulse-tube hot-end heat exchanger and the phase adjustment mechanism in the third-stage low-temperature pulse-tube refrigerator unit are simultaneously connected with the second-stage low-temperature pulse-tube refrigerator unit. level thermal bridge connection.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are reflected in:

The deep-low temperature regenerator of the utility model adopts carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and carbon nanometal cages with diameters less than 1 micron filled in stainless steel tubes. Nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials have very good adsorption capacity at low temperature and high pressure, and have very good adsorption capacity when the working temperature range is below 10K. Since the volume specific heat capacity of helium in the liquid helium temperature range is relatively high, so Carbon nanomaterials that have adsorbed helium also have a high volume specific heat capacity in a wide temperature range, and have good stability at the same time. Compared with the deep cryogenic regenerator filled with carbon nanomaterials (such as rare earth magnetic regenerating materials, etc.), the regenerator using carbon nanomaterials as the regenerating filler can obtain higher efficiency, thereby improving the performance of the cryogenic pulse tube refrigerator. performance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pulse tube refrigerator of a deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nanometer regenerative fillers of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the pulse tube refrigerator of the deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of a pulse tube refrigerator of a deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows the relationship between volume specific heat capacity and temperature of various substances.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of carbon nanobeams adsorbing gas.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1: a two-stage low-frequency pulse tube refrigerator with a deep low-temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regeneration fillers includes: a first-stage compressor C1, a first-stage aftercooler AC1, a first-stage Compressor low-pressure control valve LV1, first-stage compressor high-pressure control valve HV1, first-stage regenerator RG1, first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, first-stage pulse tube PT1, first-stage pulse tube hot-end exchanger The first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit composed of heater HX3, first-stage two-way inlet valve DO1, first-stage orifice valve O1, first-stage gas storage R1, thermal bridge TB, and the second-stage compressor Machine C2, second-stage aftercooler AC2, second-stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2, second-stage compressor high-pressure control valve HV2, second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator RG21, second-stage pre-cooling section return Heat exchanger cold end heat exchanger HX5, second-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG22, second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, second-stage pulse tube PT2, second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX7, second-stage The second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit composed of the first-stage two-way inlet valve DO2, the second-stage orifice valve O2 and the second-stage gas storage R2.

The bottom of the regenerator RG22 in the second-stage low-temperature section near the cold end is filled with carbon nano-adsorption materials. The working temperature range is 10K and below. This section is the carbon nanomaterial section RG23, and the diameter of the carbon nanomaterial is several to tens of nanometers. The material structure can be any one or more of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and carbon nanometal cages. The height of the carbon nanomaterial section RG23 needs to be determined according to actual simulation experiments, that is, the part filled with carbon nanomaterials in the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG22 with a working temperature range of 10K or below is the carbon nanomaterial section. The specific assembly method is: uniformly filling carbon nanomaterials in the stainless steel tube, and sealing the two ends with dense hard wire mesh to form a regenerator.

The connection relationship of the above-mentioned components is as follows: the first-stage compressor C1, the first-stage aftercooler AC1, the first-stage compressor high-pressure control valve HV1 and the first-stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 are sequentially connected in series to form the first stage The circulation circuit of the low-frequency compressor unit; the inlet of the first-stage regenerator RG1 communicates with the pipeline between the high-pressure control valve HV1 of the first-stage compressor and the low-pressure control valve LV1 of the first-stage compressor; the first-stage regenerator RG1 The outlet of the pipeline passes through the pipeline and the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, the first-stage pulse tube PT1, the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX3, the first-stage orifice valve O1, and the first-stage gas storage R1 The inlet is connected; one end of the first-stage two-way intake valve DO1 is connected to the pipeline between the first-stage regenerator RG1 and the first-stage low-frequency compressor unit, and the other end of the first-stage two-way intake valve DO1 is connected to the first-stage small hole The valve O1 is in communication with the pipeline between the heat exchanger HX3 at the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube. The second-stage compressor C2, the second-stage aftercooler AC2, the second-stage compressor high-pressure control valve HV2 and the second-stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are connected in sequence to form the second-stage low-frequency compressor unit; the second-stage precooling The regenerator RG21 of the second stage is sequentially connected with the cold-end heat exchanger HX5 of the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator, the second-stage low-temperature regenerator RG22, the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, and the second-stage pulse regenerator through pipelines. Pipe PT2, the second-stage pulse tube heat exchanger HX7, the second-stage orifice valve O2 and the second-stage gas storage R2 are connected; one end of the second-stage two-way intake valve DO2 is connected to the second-stage low-frequency compressor The pipeline between the regenerator RG21 in the pre-cooling section of the first stage is connected, and the other end of the second-stage two-way inlet valve DO2 is connected to the pipe between the second-stage orifice valve O2 and the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX7. The road connects. The first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are connected through the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2 and the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX5 The heat bridge TB is thermally coupled to realize the precooling of the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2 to the cold-end heat exchanger HX5 of the second-stage precooling section regenerator.

The operation process of the two-stage low-frequency pulse tube refrigerator adopting the carbon nano-regenerating filler regenerator in this embodiment is as follows:

In the initial stage, the low-pressure regulating valve LV1 of the first-stage compressor and the high-pressure regulating valve HV1 of the first-stage compressor are both closed, and the gas becomes high-temperature and high-pressure gas after being compressed by the first-stage compressor C1, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows through the first The after-cooler AC1 cools down to room temperature. When the gas pressure is higher than the set value, the high-pressure regulating valve HV1 of the first-stage compressor opens, and the high-pressure room temperature gas flows out from the high-pressure valve HV1 of the first-stage compressor and is divided into two streams. , one stream passes through the first-stage regenerator RG1 and exchanges heat with the filler in it to lower the temperature and enters the subsequent related components, and the other stream enters the subsequent related components through the first-stage two-way intake valve DO1, so that the entire system is uniform In a high-pressure state, the high-pressure regulating valve HV1 of the first-stage compressor is closed, and the low-pressure regulating valve LV1 of the first-stage compressor is opened. The gas is divided into two streams from the first-stage gas storage R1 through the first-stage orifice valve O1. The first-stage two-way intake valve DO1 returns to the first-stage compressor C1 through the first-stage compressor low-pressure regulating valve LV1, and the other one passes through the first-stage pulse tube PT1, and the first-stage regenerator RG1 finally passes through the first-stage The compressor low-pressure regulating valve LV1 returns to the first-stage compressor C1, thereby completing a cycle. During the cycle, there is a temperature difference between the gas entering and leaving the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, thereby generating a refrigeration effect. The first stage The cooling capacity is taken from the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2 through the thermal bridge TB to pre-cool the gas entering the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator.

In the initial stage, the low-pressure regulating valve LV2 of the second-stage compressor and the high-pressure regulating valve HV2 of the second-stage compressor are closed, and the gas becomes high-temperature and high-pressure gas after being compressed by the second-stage compressor C2, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows through the second The after-stage cooler AC2 is cooled to room temperature. When the gas pressure is higher than the set value, the high-pressure regulating valve HV2 of the second-stage compressor is opened, and the high-pressure room temperature gas flows out from the high-pressure valve HV2 of the second-stage compressor and is divided into two streams. , one stream passes through the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator RG21 and is cooled to the first-stage refrigeration temperature by the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX5 connected to the thermal bridge TB at its cold end, Then it enters the subsequent related components, and the other one enters the subsequent related components through the second-stage two-way intake valve DO2, so that the whole system is in a high-pressure state, and then the high-pressure regulating valve HV2 of the second-stage compressor is closed, and the second-stage compression The low-pressure regulating valve LV2 of the compressor is opened, and the gas is divided into two streams from the second-stage gas storage R2 through the second-stage orifice valve O2. The second-stage compressor C2, the other one passes through the second-stage pulse tube PT2, the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG22, the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator RG21, and finally passes through the second-stage compressor low-pressure regulating valve LV2. To the second-stage compressor C2, thus completing a cycle. During the cycle, there is a temperature difference between the gas entering and leaving the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, thereby generating a refrigeration effect.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 2, a high-frequency pulse tube refrigerator with a deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers includes a first-stage compressor C1, a first-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger HX1, and a second-stage regenerator. The first-stage regenerator RG1, the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, the first-stage pulse tube PT1, the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX3, the first-stage inertia tube I1, and the first-stage gas storage R1 The first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, the first-stage thermal bridge TB1, consists of the second-stage compressor C2, the second-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger HX4, and the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator RG21 , Second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX5, second-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG22, second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, second-stage pulse tube PT2, second-stage pulse tube heat exchanger The second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit composed of the end heat exchanger HX7, the second-stage inertial tube I2, and the second-stage gas storage R2, the second-stage thermal bridge TB2, and the third-stage compressor C3, the third Heat exchanger HX8 at the hot end of the stage regenerator, heat exchanger RG31 at the first pre-cooling section of the third stage, HX9 at the cold end of the regenerator at the first pre-cooling section of the third stage, and HX9 at the cold end of the regenerator at the first pre-cooling section of the third stage, and the second pre-cooling section of the third stage Regenerator RG32, third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX10, third-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG33, third-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX11, third-stage pulse tube PT3, The third-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit composed of the third-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger HX12, the third-stage inertial tube I3, and the third-stage gas storage R3. The part of the third-stage low-temperature regenerator RG33 whose working temperature range is 10K or below is filled with carbon nanomaterials, and the specifications of the carbon nanomaterials are the same as those in Example 1.

The connection relationship of the above-mentioned components is as follows: the first-stage compressor C1 is sequentially connected to the first-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger HX1, the first-stage regenerator RG1, the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, and the first-stage regenerator through pipelines. The first-stage pulse tube PT1, the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX3, the first-stage inertial tube I1 and the first-stage gas storage R1 are connected; the second-stage compressor C2 is sequentially reheated with the second-stage through the pipeline Heat exchanger HX4 at the hot end of the device, heat exchanger RG21 in the second stage pre-cooling section, heat exchanger HX5 at the cold end of the heat exchanger in the second stage pre-cooling section, heat exchanger RG22 in the second stage low-temperature section, and heat exchanger RG22 in the second stage cold end The heat exchanger HX6, the second-stage pulse tube PT2, the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX7, the second-stage inertia tube I2 and the second-stage gas storage R2 are connected; the third-stage compressor C3 is connected to the The hot end heat exchanger HX8 of the third-stage regenerator, the regenerator RG31 of the first pre-cooling section of the third stage, the cold-end heat exchanger HX9 of the regenerator of the first pre-cooling section of the third stage, and the second pre-cooling section of the third stage Cold section regenerator RG32, third stage second precooling section regenerator cold end heat exchanger HX10, third stage low temperature section regenerator RG33, third stage cold end heat exchanger HX11, third stage pulse tube PT3, the third-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger HX12, the third-stage inertia tube I3 and the third-stage gas storage R3 are connected. The first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX5, and the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger HX9 are respectively the first-stage thermal bridge TB1 Connecting, the cold-end heat exchanger HX10 of the third-stage second precooling section regenerator and the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6 of the second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit are respectively connected with the second-stage thermal bridge TB2.

The working process of the high-frequency pulse tube refrigerator using carbon nano-regenerating filler regenerator in this embodiment is as follows:

In the high-pressure stage, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas compressed by the first-stage compressor C1 flows through the hot-end heat exchanger HX1 of the first-stage regenerator, and then cools down to room temperature, and then is heated with the regenerative filler in the first-stage regenerator RG1. After heat exchange, the temperature drops, and then flows through the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, the first-stage pulse tube PT1, the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX3, and the first-stage inertial tube I1 to enter the first-stage gas storage R1; then enters the low-pressure cycle, the gas from the first-stage gas storage R1 sequentially passes through the first-stage inertial tube I1, the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX3, the first-stage pulse tube PT1, and the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger The heat exchanger HX2 and the first-stage regenerator RG1 return to the first-stage compressor C1 to complete a cycle. During the cycle, there is a temperature difference between the gas entering and leaving the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX2, so that the first-stage cold-end The cooling effect is generated at the heat exchanger HX2, and the cooling capacity here passes through the second-stage pre-cooling section heat exchanger cold-end heat exchanger HX5 connected to the first-stage heat bridge TB1 and the third-stage first pre-cooling section heat exchanger HX5 respectively. The heat exchanger cold end heat exchanger HX9 provides pre-cooling for the second-stage pulse tube refrigerator and the third-stage pulse tube refrigerator.

In the high-pressure stage, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas compressed by the second-stage compressor C2 flows through the hot-end heat exchanger HX4 of the second-stage regenerator and is cooled to room temperature, and then is cooled to room temperature with the regenerator RG21 in the second-stage pre-cooling section. The hot filler performs heat exchange, the temperature decreases, and then cools to the cold end temperature of the first-stage pulse tube refrigerator at the cold-end heat exchanger HX5 of the regenerator in the second-stage pre-cooling section, and then the low-temperature gas flows through the second stage in turn The low-temperature section regenerator RG22, the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, the second-stage pulse tube PT2, the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX7, and the second-stage inertia tube I2 enter the second-stage gas storage R2; Then enter the low-pressure cycle, the gas from the second-stage gas storage R2 passes through the second-stage inertia tube I2, the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX7, the second-stage pulse tube PT2, and the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6 , The regenerator RG22 of the second-stage low-temperature section, and the regenerator RG21 of the second-stage pre-cooling section return to the second-stage compressor C2 to complete a cycle, and the gas entering and leaving the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6 during the cycle There is a temperature difference, so that a refrigeration effect is generated at the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX6, and the cooling capacity there passes through the third-stage second pre-cooling section heat exchanger cold-end heat exchanger connected to the second-stage heat bridge TB2 The HX10 provides pre-cooling for the third stage pulse tube refrigerator.

In the high-pressure stage, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas compressed by the third-stage compressor C3 flows through the hot-end heat exchanger HX8 of the third-stage regenerator and is cooled to room temperature, and then is combined with the regenerator RG31 of the first pre-cooling section of the third stage. The regenerative filler is used for heat exchange, the temperature is lowered, and it is cooled to the cold end temperature of the first-stage pulse tube refrigerator at the cold-end heat exchanger HX9 of the first pre-cooling section of the third-stage regenerator, and then the gas enters the third-stage The regenerator RG32 in the second precooling section conducts heat exchange with the regenerating filler in it, the temperature drops, and cools down to the second stage pulse tube refrigeration at the cold end heat exchanger HX10 of the regenerator in the second precooling section of the third stage temperature of the cold end of the machine, and then flow through the third-stage low-temperature section regenerator RG33, the third-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX11, the third-stage pulse tube PT3, the third-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX12, the third-stage The third-stage inertia tube I3 enters the third-stage gas storage R3; then enters the low-pressure cycle, and the gas passes through the third-stage inertia tube I3, the third-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX12, and the third-stage Pulse tube PT3, third stage cold end heat exchanger HX11, third stage low temperature section regenerator RG33, third stage second precooling section regenerator RG32, third stage first precooling section regenerator RG31 return A cycle is completed in the third-stage compressor C3, and there is a temperature difference between the gas entering and leaving the third-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX11 during the cycle, thereby generating a refrigeration effect at the third-stage cold-end heat exchanger HX11.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 3, a high-frequency pulse tube refrigerator using a deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers is different from Embodiment 2 in that: the third-stage gas storage R3, the third-stage inertial tube I3 and The third-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger HX12 is connected to the second-stage heat bridge TB2 at the same time, by reducing the operating temperature of the third-stage gas storage R3 and the third-stage inertial tube I3 to obtain a larger phase modulation angle, and finally further The cooling efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator is improved.

Claims (9)

1. A deep low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers, including stainless steel tubes and regenerative fillers placed in the stainless steel tubes, characterized in that at least one section of the regenerative fillers is filled with carbon nanomaterials The carbon nanomaterial segment formed. 2. The deep low temperature regenerator adopting carbon nanometer regenerative filler according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanomaterial is composed of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber bundles, carbon nanospheres and Any one or more materials in the carbon nano metal cage. 3. The deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nano-material section is close to the cold end of the regenerator. 4. A pulse tube refrigerator, comprising a first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and a second stage low temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit, a first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and a second stage low temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit Low-frequency compressor units are used in the units; the regenerator of the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit includes the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator (RG21) connected in sequence, the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cooling The end heat exchanger (HX5) and the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator (RG22); the first-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the second-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are connected through the The heat bridge (TB) between the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger (HX2) of the pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the cold-end heat exchanger (HX5) of the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator is thermally coupled; It is characterized in that the second-stage low-temperature section regenerator (RG22) is the deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regeneration filler according to any one of claims 1-3. 5. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 4, characterized in that, the first-stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit comprises a first-stage low-frequency compressor unit and a first-stage regenerator (RG1) connected in sequence , the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger (HX2), the first-stage pulse tube (PT1), the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (HX3) and the first-stage phasing mechanism, the first-stage phasing Agencies include: The first-stage gas storage (R1) is communicated with the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (HX3) through a pipeline; The first-stage orifice valve (O1) is arranged on the pipeline between the first-stage gas storage (R1) and the first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (HX3); The first-stage two-way intake valve (DO1), one end communicates with the pipeline between the first-stage low-frequency compressor unit and the first-stage regenerator (RG1), and the other end communicates with the first-stage orifice valve (O1) It communicates with the pipeline between the first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (HX3). 6. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the second-stage low-temperature pulse-tube refrigerator unit comprises a second-stage low-frequency compressor unit connected in sequence, a second-stage precooling section regenerator ( RG21), second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger (HX5), second-stage low-temperature section regenerator (RG22), second-stage cold-end heat exchanger (HX6), second-stage pulse tube (PT2), the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (HX7) and the second-stage phase adjustment mechanism, the second-stage phase adjustment mechanism includes: The second-stage gas storage (R2) is communicated with the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (HX7) through a pipeline; The second-stage orifice valve (O2) is arranged on the pipeline between the second-stage gas storage (R2) and the second-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (HX7); The second-stage two-way intake valve (DO2), one end communicates with the pipeline between the second-stage low-frequency compressor unit and the second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator (RG21), and the other end communicates with the second-stage orifice valve (O2) communicates with the pipeline between the second-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (HX7). 7. A pulse tube refrigerator, comprising a first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, a second stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and a third stage low temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit; The second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit includes a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator (RG21), a second-stage pre-cooling section regenerator cold-end heat exchanger (HX5), and a second-stage Low temperature section regenerator (RG22); The regenerator in the third-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit includes the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator (RG31) connected in sequence, the third-stage first pre-cooling section regenerator cold end heat exchange heat exchanger (HX9), third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator (RG32), third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator cold end heat exchanger (HX10), third-stage low-temperature section regenerator (RG33 ); The first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, the second stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the third stage low temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are connected to the first stage of the first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit The first heat exchanger between the cold end heat exchanger (HX2), the cold end heat exchanger (HX5) of the second stage precooling section regenerator and the cold end heat exchanger (HX9) of the third stage first precooling section regenerator The first-stage heat bridge (TB1) conducts thermal coupling, through the second-stage heat exchanger (HX10) connected to the third-stage second pre-cooling section regenerator and the second-stage cooling unit of the second-stage pre-cooling pulse tube refrigerator unit. The second heat bridge (TB2) of the end heat exchanger (HX6) performs secondary thermal coupling; It is characterized in that: the third-stage low-temperature section regenerator (RG33) is a deep-low temperature regenerator using carbon nano-regenerating fillers according to any one of claims 1-3. 8. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that, the first stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit, the second stage precooling pulse tube refrigerator unit and the third stage low temperature pulse tube refrigerator The units all include a phase-modulating mechanism, and the phase-modulating mechanism is composed of a gas bank and an inertia tube arranged between the gas bank and the corresponding pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger. 9. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 8, characterized in that, the pulse tube hot end heat exchanger and the phase adjustment mechanism in the third-stage low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit are simultaneously connected with the second-stage heat bridge ( TB2) connectivity.

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