A kind of monocycle PWM modulator for power factor correction
Technical field
The utility model relates to the A.C.-D.C. converter field of electrical energy changer, is specifically related to a kind of monocycle PWM modulator for power factor correction.
Background technology
Be accompanied by the extensive use of power electronic technology, the harm of harmonic pollution in electric power net more and more causes people's concern, and is also more and more higher to the requirement of the input power factor (PF) of electrical energy changer and input current total harmonic distortion (THD).Therefore, the power factor correction technology of power consumption equipment is the problem that industry is extremely paid close attention to always.The monocycle technology is the non-linear large-signal PWM control technology that grows up a kind of nineties, and it is by the duty ratio of control switch, so that the mean value of switching variable is proportional to the control reference quantity in each switch periods.One-cycle control is applied to power factor correction, a lot of advantages with respect to traditional control technology are arranged, this control method has been cancelled the multiplier in the traditional control method, so that control circuit is succinct, dynamic response fast, good stability is easy to realize, is a kind of good control method.
With reference to figure 1, the monocycle governing equation of single-phase power factor correcting is: R
S* I
In=V
m* (1-d), R in the formula
SBe input current sample resistance, I
InBe input current, V
mBe the error signal after amplifying, d is the duty ratio of control switch, and the function of the part on formula the right is the PWM modulator.The implementation of existing single-phase monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is: output voltage is together sent into error amplifier with reference data after sampling, the output of error amplifier is sent into subtracter simultaneously as the input of integrator; The reset terminal that the reset clock pulse signal is sent into integrator is sent into the S end of rest-set flip-flop simultaneously, and integrator and reset clock signal generator consist of the function of saw-toothed wave generator; The output of subtracter is sent into comparator and is compared with the control reference quantity on the formula left side, and the R end of rest-set flip-flop is sent in the output of comparator, obtains required PWM output by the Q end of rest-set flip-flop, and its operation principle schematic block diagram sees also Fig. 2.
Analyze for this existing implementation, by the circuit of this scheme as seen, the integrator of this circuit is in the maximum of a clock cycle integral voltage, the maximum that is sawtooth waveforms must strictly equate with the value of the output Vm of error amplifier, like this could be when duty ratio d value be 0 to 1, value (1-d) is 1 to 0, otherwise the function of realization formula right side PWM modulator that just can not be correct.This just requires existing single-phase monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator to realize that the operating frequency of circuit must be fully supporting with the integral parameter of integrator, that is to say, work clock one becomes, the integral parameter of integrator must and then become, otherwise will produce arithmetic eror even wrong result, this just so that the effect of power factor correction be greatly affected.And in actual applications, the integral parameter of integrator determines that by integrating resistor and integrating capacitor because the temperature characterisitic factor of components and parts, all can there be drift in operating frequency and integral parameter, can not be fully supporting.Even so, even do not consider the impact of temperature characterisitic and the inconvenience of conversion operating frequency, only the maximum of fine tuning integrator output strictly equates with the integrator input voltage, just very bothers and time-consuming, thereby will inevitably affect the effective application of this technology.
The utility model content
The problem that exists in order to solve existing monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, the adverse effect of namely must temperature characterisitic factor supporting with the integral parameter of integrator and components and parts bringing because of its operating frequency, and the defective that the effect that causes power factor correction is greatly affected the utility model proposes a kind of monocycle PWM modulator for power factor correction.
A kind of monocycle PWM modulator for power factor correction, comprise error amplifier, integrator, reset clock signal generator and comparator, two inputs of error amplifier receive reference data voltage and sampled voltage, the output of error amplifier connects the input of integrator, the output of integrator connects the inverting input of inverting amplifier, the output of inverting amplifier connects the input of comparator, the output output pulse width modulating wave of comparator, the output of reset clock signal generator connects the reset terminal of integrator, it is characterized in that, the PWM modulator also comprises low pass filter, the input of described low pass filter connects the output of described integrator, and the output of described low pass filter connects the in-phase input end of described inverting amplifier.
Further, also comprise rest-set flip-flop, the R end of rest-set flip-flop connects the output of comparator, and the S end of rest-set flip-flop connects the output of reset clock signal generator, the Q end output pulse width modulating wave of rest-set flip-flop.
Further, the cut-off frequecy of passband of described low pass filter be clock-signal generator operating frequency 1/120~1/80, the passband gain of described low pass filter is 1 ± 0.02 times.
Further, described low pass filter is second-order low-pass filter.
Further, the integrating capacitor of described integrator is in series with resistance.
Further, the gain of described inverting amplifier is 1 ± 0.02 times.
Technique effect of the present utility model is embodied in:
The utility model proposes a kind of implementation of monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, obtain the required reference level of the utility model scheme by low pass filter, and by the waveform computing, obtain the required sawtooth waveforms of the utility model scheme PWM modulator, so that the PWM modulator on monocycle governing equation equal sign the right can work in required any frequency, and need not to take into account the supporting of integrator integral parameter, simultaneously fully cancellation the impact of components and parts temperature characterisitics, effectively overcome the defective of existing implementation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single phase power factor correcting circuit schematic block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the PWM modulator implementation circuit theory schematic block diagram of existing monocycle power factor alignment technique;
A kind of monocycle PWM modulator circuit schematic block diagram for power factor correction that Fig. 3 the utility model proposes;
A kind of another equivalent schematic block diagram of monocycle PWM modulator circuit for power factor correction that Fig. 4 the utility model proposes;
Fig. 5 is the input current waveform figure of 30kHZ when being output as 3000W for the single phase power factor correcting circuit operating frequency that adopts the PWM modulator that the utility model proposes to consist of;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Fig. 6 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are input current total harmonic distortion (THD) figure of 30kHZ when being output as 3000W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Fig. 7 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are the input current waveform figure of 30kHZ when being output as 1500W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Fig. 8 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are input current total harmonic distortion (THD) figure of 30kHZ when being output as 1500W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Fig. 9 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are the input current waveform figure of 25kHZ when being output as 3000W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Figure 10 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are input current total harmonic distortion (THD) figure of 25kHZ when being output as 3000W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Figure 11 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are the input current waveform figure of 25kHZ when being output as 1500W;
The single phase power factor correcting circuit of Figure 12 for adopting the PWM modulator implementation that the utility model proposes to consist of, operating frequency are input current total harmonic distortion (THD) figure of 25kHZ when being output as 1500W.
Embodiment
For solving the existing problem of implementation of existing monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, at first analyze the implementation of existing single-phase monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, see also Fig. 2.
The implementation of existing single-phase monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is: output voltage is together sent into error amplifier with reference data voltage after sampling, the output of error amplifier is sent into subtracter simultaneously as the input of integrator; The reset terminal that the reset clock pulse signal is sent into integrator is sent into the S end of rest-set flip-flop simultaneously, and integrator and reset clock signal generator consist of the function of saw-toothed wave generator; The output of subtracter is sent into comparator and is compared with the control reference quantity on the formula left side, the R end of rest-set flip-flop is sent in the output of comparator, is obtained the required PWM output of implementation of existing monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator by the Q end of rest-set flip-flop.
By its operation principle schematic block diagram 2 as seen, what the scheme circuit of this PWM modulator wished to obtain is the sawtooth waveforms of a negative sense integration amplitude to 0 take voltage Vm the end of as, the problem that the scheme circuit of this PWM modulator exists in actual applications is: the operating frequency of this scheme circuit must be fully supporting with the integral parameter of integrator, the last moment of requirement before integrator resets, the output voltage of integrator must strictly equate with the integration reference voltage of input integral device.If do not equate strictly that or not is negative to make this scheme circuit have one section time zone to be output as, and perhaps so that the output of this scheme circuit does not reach 0 forever, that is to say: existing monocycle PWM modulator approach circuit can not satisfy single-phase monocycle governing equation R
S* I
In=V
m* in (1-d) d by 0 to 1 span, so the effect of its power factor correction just is greatly affected naturally, input current THD can increase.In actual applications, because the temperature characterisitic of component parameter, all there is drift in the integral parameter of operating frequency and integrator, can not be fully supporting, thereby will inevitably affect the effective application of this technology.
In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned existing modulator, the utility model proposes a kind of embodiment as shown in Figure 3, monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is made of error amplifier 1, integrator 2, inverting amplifier 3, low pass filter 4, reset clock signal generator 5 and comparator 7, in order to the function of the PWM modulator of realizing the formula right-hand component.
The implementation of described monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, output voltage is together sent into by operational amplifier N1, resistance R with reference data after sampling
1And R
2The error amplifier 1 that consists of, the output conduct of error amplifier 1 is by operational amplifier N
2, resistance R
3, R
4, the integrator 2 that consists of with the electronics switch S of integrating capacitor C and resetting input; Low pass filter 4 is sent in the output of integrator 2, and low pass filter 4 is the second-order low-pass filter that consists of with operational amplifier, and the output of integrator 2 is sent into simultaneously by operational amplifier N
3, resistance R
5And R
6The inverting input of the inverting amplifier 3 that consists of, the in-phase input end of inverting amplifier 3 is connected with the output of low pass filter 4, reset clock signal generator 5 is realized for the oscillator that is made of electronic devices and components, get its burst pulse and send into the reset terminal of integrator 2 as reset clock signal, integrator 2 and reset clock signal generator 5 consist of the function of saw-toothed wave generators; The output of inverting amplifier 3 is sent into by operational amplifier N
5The comparator 7 that consists of is compared with the control reference quantity on the formula left side, the obtaining by operational amplifier N of current reference amount
4, resistance R
7And R
8And input current sample resistance R
SFinish, obtain required PWM output by the output of comparator 7, see also Fig. 1, Fig. 3.
Except such scheme, the utility model also proposes another embodiment as shown in Figure 4, a kind of monocycle power factor alignment technique of the utility model PWM modulator, consisted of by error amplifier 1, integrator 2, inverting amplifier 3, low pass filter 4, reset clock signal generator 5, rest-set flip-flop 6 and comparator 7, in order to the function of the PWM modulator of realizing the formula right-hand component.
The implementation of described monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, output voltage is together sent into by operational amplifier N1, resistance R with reference data after sampling
1And R
2The error amplifier 1 that consists of, the output conduct of error amplifier 1 is by operational amplifier N
2, resistance R
3, R
4, the integrator 2 that consists of with the electronics switch S of integrating capacitor C and resetting input; Low pass filter 4 is sent in the output of integrator 2, and low pass filter 4 is the second-order low-pass filter that consists of with operational amplifier, and the output of integrator 2 is sent into simultaneously by operational amplifier N
3, resistance R
5And R
6The inverting input of the inverting amplifier 3 that consists of, the in-phase input end of inverting amplifier 3 is connected with the output of low pass filter 4, reset clock signal generator 5 is realized for the oscillator that is made of electronic devices and components, get its burst pulse is sent into integrator 2 as reset clock signal reset terminal, send into simultaneously the S end of rest-set flip-flop 6, integrator 2 and reset clock signal generator 5 consist of the function of saw-toothed wave generator; The output of inverting amplifier 3 is sent into by operational amplifier N
5The comparator 7 that consists of is compared with the control reference quantity on the formula left side, the obtaining by operational amplifier N of current reference amount
4, resistance R
7And R
8And input current sample resistance R
SFinish, the R end of rest-set flip-flop 6 is sent in the output of comparator 7, obtains required PWM output by the Q end of rest-set flip-flop 6, sees also Fig. 1, Fig. 4.
For the implementation that makes monocycle power factor alignment technique of the present utility model has more practicality, this implementation is also finely tuned the average DC level of sawtooth waveforms by the method for the small resistor of connecting in the integrating capacitor of integrator 2, referring to the R among Fig. 3, Fig. 4
4, in the hope of obtaining minimum current total harmonic distortion (THD); Low pass filter is step low-pass, is reduced volume, adopts the active low-pass filter that is made of operational amplifier, and its passband DC current gain is 1 ± 0.02 times, and its passband edge frequency is 1/120~1/80 of clock frequency; The gain of inverting amplifier described in the utility model is 1 ± 0.02 times.
The realization circuit feature of the utility model monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is, average level by obtaining described sawtooth waveforms is as the reference level, this sawtooth waveforms is carried out calculation process, namely take this average level as computing with reference to ground, this sawtooth waveforms is done anti-phase computing, obtain one take this sawtooth waveforms peak amplitude as the teeth directional at the end under the sawtooth waveforms of crown to 0, this sawtooth waveforms satisfies single-phase monocycle governing equation R fully
S* I
In=V
m* (1-d) requirement need not the restrictive condition that the output voltage of integrator must strictly equate with the input integral reference voltage of integrator.Adopt the realization circuit of the utility model monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator, under any circumstance all satisfy single-phase monocycle governing equation R
S* I
In=V
m* (1-d) span of middle d is the requirement between 1 to 0.Thereby solved well the defective that existing single-phase monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is realized circuit, make operating frequency not directly related with integral parameter, and eliminated the impact of components and parts temperature characterisitics fully, so that this technology may obtain extensively effectively using.
The single phase power factor correcting circuit that Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 consists of for the implementation of using the utility model monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator is 30kHZ, input inductance input current waveform figure and the total harmonic distortion figures thereof when being output as 3000W and 1500w when being 2mH in operating frequency.When being output as 3000W, its input current total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 2%, and when being output as 1500W, its input current total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 3%.
Fig. 9 to Figure 12 is not changing the element R that determines integral parameter for the single phase power factor correcting circuit that the implementation of using the utility model monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator consists of
4And under the condition of C, seeing also Fig. 3, operating frequency is to change to 25kHZ, input inductance input current waveform figure and the total harmonic distortion figures thereof when being output as 3000W and 1500w when being 2mH.When being output as 3000W, its input current total harmonic distortion (THD) is equally less than 2%, when being output as 1500W, and its input current total harmonic distortion (THD) about 3%.
As seen the variation of operating frequency exerts an influence hardly to its performance, and the result proves that the implementation of the utility model monocycle power factor alignment technique PWM modulator reaches the purpose of expection fully.
More than explanation only is preferred version of the present utility model; and graft application is in the implementation of three-phase activity coefficient adjustment monocycle control PWM modulator easily; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the condition that does not break away from the utility model know-why; can also make some improvement and modification, these improvement and modification also should be considered as protection range of the present utility model.