CN202170662U - Roof of a silo - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a silo roof, wherein the silo roof comprises a plurality of silo roof beams (1) and a silo roof plate (2) arranged on the plurality of silo roof beams (1). The warehouse roof has strong bearing capacity, high integrity and stability, easy maintenance, safety and firmness.

Description

silo roof

technical field

The utility model relates to a silo, in particular to a silo roof. the

Background technique

Silos are warehouses for storing bulk materials, which are divided into two categories: agricultural silos and industrial silos. Agricultural silos are used to store granular or powdery materials such as grain and feed; industrial silos are used to store bulk materials such as coal, coke, cement, and salt. Mechanized silos can shorten the loading and unloading process of materials, reduce operation and maintenance costs, eliminate heavy bagging operations, and are conducive to mechanized and automated operations, so they have become the most important form of storage. the

As a storage facility for bulk materials, the silo has been developed for more than 100 years. The use history of large-diameter silos in my country is relatively short. Affected by various factors such as economic factors, design technology, and construction technology, domestic silos are mostly Small capacity silos. In recent years, industries such as mines, grain, power plants, and cement have successively built a large number of silos with different capacities. However, due to the limitation of my country's technical standards and the influence of the late start of the industry, there are deficiencies in varying degrees in both silo design technology and construction technology. These deficiencies not only affect the construction investment of silos, but also It affects the safety and normal use of the silo, and also affects the extensive use of the silo. the

In large-diameter silos, since there is no center column, the span of the silo roof beam is very large, and the silo roof beam and silo roof plate can only use steel structures, but steel structure beams and plates are easily corroded by harmful gases in the silo, and are not easy to maintain, and The fire resistance of steel structure is poor, the ability to bear load is also weak, and there are various hidden dangers in safety. At the same time, when there is no central column, the top of the silo is not restricted by other structures, and is basically in a free state, which is unfavorable to the integrity and stability of the silo. the

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a silo roof, which has a strong bearing capacity, high integrity and stability, is easy to maintain, and is safe and firm. the

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a silo roof, wherein the silo roof includes a plurality of silo roof beams and a silo roof plate arranged on the plurality of silo roof beams. the

Preferably, the plurality of silo roof beams and silo roof slabs are all concrete structures. the

Preferably, the plurality of roof beams are radially arranged. the

Preferably, the plurality of roof beams are arranged in an orthogonal shape. the

Preferably, the silo roof further includes a ring beam, the ring beam is arranged with the center of the silo roof as the center, and the ring beam is connected to the silo roof beam. the

Preferably, there are multiple ring beams. the

Preferably, a discharge port is provided on the top plate of the warehouse. the

Preferably, there are multiple discharge ports. the

Preferably, the plurality of discharge ports are arranged in a straight line. the

Preferably, the discharge ports are arranged in two symmetrical rows, with two or three discharge ports arranged in each row. the

Preferably, the discharge port is annular. the

Preferably, a cover is provided on the discharge port. the

Preferably, the cover is made of profiled steel sheet. the

Preferably, an explosion vent door is provided on the roof of the warehouse. the

Through the above technical solution, the silo roof is suitable for silos of various capacities, especially large-capacity silos with central columns. Large-capacity silos adopt this kind of roof, and the roof beam can be set on the center column, so that the center column can support the roof beam, thereby reducing the span of the roof beam and increasing the structural strength of the roof, thereby Improves stability and integrity. Moreover, this type of warehouse roof has a simple structure and is convenient to construct, and the warehouse roof plate can be directly arranged on the warehouse roof beam. Since there are many roof beams, the load-bearing capacity is relatively strong. The silo roof can be realized by various methods, such as adopting concrete structure roof slabs and silo roof beams to increase the corrosion resistance and fire resistance of the silo roof and make the use of the silo safer. the

Other features and advantages of the present utility model will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. the

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model, and constitute a part of the description, together with the following specific embodiments, are used to explain the utility model, but do not constitute a limitation to the utility model. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the roof of the silo of the embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the roof of the silo according to the embodiment of the present invention. the

Explanation of reference signs

1 warehouse roof beam 2 warehouse roof board

3 Ring Beam 4 Discharge Port

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model. the

In the present utility model, in the case of no contrary description, the used orientation words such as "up and down" usually refer to the height from the ground, the higher one is "up", the lower one is "down", " Inner and outer" refer to the distance from the center column, the closer is "inner", and the farther is "outer".

Each embodiment of the silo of the present utility model is suitable for silos of various sizes and capacity requirements, and has various preferred embodiments according to the specific use requirements of the silo, and now combines various specific embodiments for this utility model New technical solutions are described. the

The silo of the utility model has a silo wall and a silo roof, and the silo wall can be surrounded by any shape, such as a circle, a square, etc., preferably a circular silo. There may or may not be a center column in such a silo. Generally, in a silo with a large capacity, due to the large structural size, the span of the roof beam 1 on the silo roof is relatively large, so a central column is set in the silo to support the silo roof, making the structure of the silo stable , firm, high strength. At this time, as shown in Figure 2, the silo roof beam 1 is set between the center column and the silo wall, and the silo roof plate 2 is set on the silo roof beam 1 to cover the inside of the silo and prevent the grain stored in the silo from Or coal, etc. are exposed to the sun and rain. the

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the roof beams 1 are arranged in multiples and arranged radially, that is, the roof beams 1 are distributed at equal angles, or the roof beams 1 are arranged in a positive direction. Arranged in a cross shape, that is, the roof beams 1 are criss-crossed and parallel or perpendicular to each other, forming a square grid. It is preferable to arrange them equiangularly with the central column as the center and between the central column and the warehouse wall, so that the central column is evenly stressed and the structure of the warehouse roof is more stable. the

Among them, the height of the central column can be equal to the height of the silo wall, forming a flat silo roof, which is conducive to the installation of material transport rails and distribution devices above the silo roof, and reduces the height of the silo. In addition, the height of the central column can be greater than the height of the warehouse wall to form a pointed warehouse roof, which is convenient for drainage and so on. the

However, in a small silo, since the span of the silo roof beam 1 on the silo roof is relatively small, the central column may not be provided for the sake of simplifying the structure and saving costs. In this way, the roof beam 1 of the warehouse roof is directly arranged on the top of the warehouse wall, and has multiple beams arranged radially, while the roof board 2 is directly arranged on the roof beam 1 . However, in order to strengthen the structural strength of the silo and increase the load-bearing strength of the silo roof, a central column can also be arranged at the center of the silo wall. the

Various materials (such as steel, concrete, etc.) can be utilized for the warehouse roof 2 and the warehouse roof beam 1, and various methods can also be used to make them. Preferably, the roof beam 1 and the roof slab 2 are both concrete structures, which can be prefabricated or cast-in-place, both of which can form the roof slab 2 and the roof beam 1 that meet the needs of use. the

In order to increase the stress strength of the warehouse roof, as shown in Figure 2, a ring beam 3 can be arranged on the warehouse roof, and the ring beam 3 can be of any shape, preferably circular, so that the ring beam 3 is arranged with the center of the warehouse roof as the center of the circle, And it intersects with the roof beam 1 to form a stable roof structure with strong bearing capacity. Moreover, the ring beam 3 can also be prefabricated or cast-in-situ, and the construction method is flexible. More preferably, there are multiple ring beams 3, and the structure is more stable. the

In order to facilitate the transfer of materials into the internal storage of the silo, as shown in FIG. 1 , a discharge port 4 is provided on the top plate 2 of the silo. The discharge opening 4 can be in any shape, such as square and circular, etc. In order to improve the discharge speed, a plurality of discharge openings 4 are arranged on the top plate 2 of the warehouse. A material transport track is arranged above the silo, and a material transport trolley runs on the track. A plurality of discharge ports 4 can be arranged arbitrarily, but in order to simplify the structure, the plurality of discharge ports 4 are arranged in a straight line, so that the transport track can be arranged in a straight line to cooperate with the silo structure. In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the discharge port 4 can be ring-shaped, so as to cooperate with the rotary distribution machine above the silo to facilitate distribution. Preferably, according to the size of the silo and the operating characteristics of the transport equipment, the discharge openings 4 are arranged in two symmetrical rows, which facilitates the symmetrical arrangement of the discharge equipment, and the force on both sides is symmetrical when filled with materials. At the same time, two or three discharge ports 4 are arranged in each row, which meets the requirement of discharge speed. the

A cover is set on the discharge port 4 to prevent rain leakage and dust from entering while ventilating. Preferably, the cover can be made of profiled steel plate. When there is too much gas inside the silo and the pressure rises, the cover will deform under pressure, thereby achieving the effect of ventilation and saving costs. In this way, the discharge port 4 can not only feed materials but also play the role of explosion venting. In another embodiment, an explosion venting door may be provided on the top plate 2 of the silo to perform explosion venting when the internal pressure of the silo is too high, so as to ensure the safe use of the silo. the

Wherein, the central column may have any cross-sectional shape, such as a square or a circle. The central column can also be built as solid or hollow according to the needs of use. In the silo of the utility model, the central column is hollow tubular, which can save materials while ensuring sufficient structural strength. the

In addition, detection devices can be installed on the outer wall of the central column, such as temperature measurement devices, humidity measurement devices, gas detection devices or material level detection devices, etc., so as to facilitate the detection of temperature, humidity, gas or material level inside the silo, etc. Especially in large silos to detect the environmental conditions in the center of the silo, so as to achieve better monitoring of the internal conditions of the silo in order to control them. In particular, due to the structural characteristics and control methods of each detection device itself, preferably, a temperature sensor and/or a humidity sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the center column to detect the temperature and humidity near the center column, so as to monitor the temperature of the entire silo. The situation is better monitored and controlled to meet the needs of the use of the silo. the

One set of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors can be set, and multiple sets can also be set. Preferably, there are multiple groups of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors, and they are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the center column, so as to detect the temperature and humidity of various positions inside the silo from top to bottom, so as to avoid the high temperature in the large silo. Differences in temperature and humidity at each location in the direction appear undetected locations. More preferably, multiple groups of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors are arranged at equal intervals, so as to reduce the use of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors while avoiding overlapping detection areas as much as possible. And according to the size of the silo and the detection range of the temperature sensor and/or humidity sensor, the number of groups of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors and the distance between each group can be determined, for example, 3-5 groups are set, and the interval between each group is 5-10 meters setting, this method is suitable for silos with a height of 20-60 meters. the

One or more temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors can be set for each group. When each group is set to one, each group of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors can be set to be evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, that is, the sensors are distributed at equal angles on the same horizontal plane; when each group is set to multiple, multiple The temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the central column, so as to comprehensively detect various positions in the circumference of the silo. More preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors are arranged at equal intervals to achieve comprehensive detection while reducing the number of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors and saving costs. And according to the size of the silo and the detection range of the temperature sensor and/or humidity sensor, the number of groups of temperature sensors and/or humidity sensors and the distance between each group can be determined, such as setting 3-5, each group interval 1-5m setting, this method is suitable for silos with a center column circumference of 3-25m. the

Wherein, the circuit of the detection device can be arranged through the outer wall of the central column, and an inspection port can be provided on the outer wall, so as to prevent the circuit of the detection device from being disturbed by the outside and corroded by gas. In addition, a first opening is set on the upper end of the center column as an entrance for people to enter and exit, and a door or a cover plate can be installed on the first opening to prevent rain leakage and falling objects. Enter the center column through the first opening, and perform maintenance, repair, etc. on the instruments and lines of various detection devices inside the center column. In order to facilitate the entry and exit of personnel, to enter and exit the interior of the central column, preferably a second opening can be provided at the lower end of the outer wall of the central column. The second opening can be set as a door, and maintenance personnel can enter the interior of the central column from the first opening from top to bottom. down and out of the center column through the second opening, or in reverse, etc. At the same time, a corresponding opening is also provided on the silo wall, and a channel communicating with the second opening is provided between the outer wall of the central column and the silo wall, and the channel leads to the outside of the silo, so that the maintenance personnel can pass through the channel from the silo. The outside of the warehouse enters the inside of the central column, which is convenient for personnel to enter and exit. In this way, the central column not only realizes the support for the roof structure of the silo and plays a role of reinforcement, but also facilitates the installation of the detection device, which is beneficial to the monitoring of the internal environment of the silo, and the use of the silo is more convenient and safe. the

Wherein, a lifting device, such as an elevator, can be provided inside the central column to facilitate the movement of personnel up and down in the central column. Ladders can also be arranged inside the center column, which has a simple structure and low cost. The ladder can be divided into multiple sections, and each section is arranged in a staggered manner to prevent fatigue from climbing and to easily select materials. A rest platform can also be set between two adjacent sections of ladders for maintenance personnel to rest and test equipment. the

The silo bottom structure inside the silo is provided with a discharge funnel, and the materials stored in the silo can be transported out of the silo through the discharge funnel. The cross-section of the discharge funnel can be circular or polygonal, and the circular cross-section is beneficial to speed up the discharge, and the polygonal construction is convenient. The discharge funnel includes a support body and a funnel plate arranged on the support body. The support body can make the structure of the discharge funnel stable and can withstand the pressure of the material above the funnel. Funnel decks can be made from concrete slabs, either cast in place or prefabricated. The upper edge of the funnel plate is set close to the silo wall and separated from the silo wall. There is no connection relationship between the discharge funnel and the silo wall. The stress on the two is simple. It is not necessary to consider the structure and force of the silo wall when forming the discharge funnel. , can be independently constructed, and the construction method is simple and easy. In addition, since the funnel plate is not connected with the warehouse wall, it is not necessary to prestress the funnel plate during construction, thereby saving construction time and improving work efficiency. the

The supporting body can adopt the method of setting piles, preferably, the supporting body includes a supporting wall and fillers filled between the supporting wall, the funnel plate and the bin wall. The support body is two opposite walls that run through the bottom of the warehouse, and the space between them is the channel for the conveying belt. The construction of the supporting body of this structure is relatively simple and easy, and the cost is low, and at the same time, the force is more stable and the bearing capacity is greater. the

Preferably, the filler is made of low-compressibility material, and its compressibility after being stressed is relatively low, generally less than 5%. More preferably, the filler is sand and gravel, so that after the discharge funnel is formed, it will not be damaged by the filler under pressure. The funnel plate sinks due to compression, causing the funnel plate to break under pressure. the

There can be any number of discharge funnels. In the case of setting multiple discharge funnels, when a central column is arranged in the silo, multiple discharge funnels are arranged between the warehouse wall and the central column around the central column, and each The upper edge of the outer funnel plate of the discharge funnel is close to the bin wall and separated from the bin wall, and the upper edge of the inner funnel plate is close to the central column and separated from the central column. The upper edges of the adjacent discharge funnels are connected to each other to form an interconnected integral support surface to support the material above, so that the material can only flow out of the silo from the funnel opening of the discharge funnel. the

Since the passage of the conveying belt is two parallel passages running through the bottom of the silo, preferably, a plurality of discharge hoppers are arranged in a straight line, more preferably, the discharge hoppers are arranged in two symmetrical rows, and each row is arranged with two One or three discharge funnels not only meet the requirements of discharge speed, but also make the structure not too complicated, which is convenient for construction and use. the

The construction method of the silo of the present utility model is as follows:

The construction of the foundation is carried out first to form the foundation of the silo. When constructing the foundation, first form a plurality of pile foundations, and then form caps on the top of the plurality of pile foundations to form the entire stable foundation. Preferably, the pile foundation is formed by a post-grouting construction process, and this construction method is suitable for the construction of the silo, and is simple and feasible. The construction of the cap is divided into two steps. First, the strip foundations of the inner ring and the outer ring are formed. The strip foundation of the outer ring is mainly used to support the warehouse wall to make the structure stable; the strip foundation of the inner ring is mainly used to support the center. column, so that the central column is stressed and stable. Then a raft foundation is formed, and the raft foundation connects the strip foundations of the inner ring and the outer ring to form a foundation, so that the whole foundation is connected together to form a bearing surface, that is, a cap. In this way, the stress on the silo can be uniform and the bearing capacity is greater. the

After the foundation construction is completed, the warehouse wall is formed on the foundation. The construction of the warehouse wall can adopt the sliding form construction process to form the warehouse wall at the design height. The sliding form construction technology is especially suitable for the thin and high wall of the silo, which is easy to implement and has high practicability. the

After completing the construction of the silo wall, the silo roof is formed on top of the silo wall. The construction of the warehouse roof is divided into two steps, that is, the warehouse roof beam 1 construction step: use concrete prefabrication or concrete cast-in-place warehouse roof beam 1, and install the warehouse roof beam 1 between the warehouse wall and the center column to reduce the size of the warehouse roof beam. 1 span; silo roof 2 construction steps: use concrete prefabrication or concrete cast-in-place silo roof 2, and cover silo roof 2 on silo roof beam 1 to cover the internal space of the silo. In the case that the ring beam 3 is set in the silo, the construction steps of the silo roof also include the construction step of the ring beam 3, which is carried out simultaneously with the construction step of the silo roof beam 1. It is arranged between the roof beams 1 to form a closed ring, and connects the roof beams 1 and the ring beams 3 together, so that the force on the roof is even. If the method of concrete cast-in-place roof 2 and roof beam 1 is adopted, the entire roof is formed together, that is, roof 2 and roof beam 1 are constructed simultaneously, and the construction method is simple. If the method of prefabricating the roof slab 2 and roof beam 1 with concrete is adopted, since the roof can be prefabricated at the same time as the foundation or wall construction, and can be installed directly after the wall is completed, the construction period can be shortened . the

The construction method of the silo also includes a discharge funnel construction step: forming a discharge funnel inside the silo, the discharge funnel includes a support body and a funnel plate, the support body is arranged on the foundation, and the funnel plate is arranged on the support body And the upper edge of the funnel plate is separated from the warehouse wall. The discharge funnel can be formed before the construction of the roof after the construction of the warehouse wall, or it can be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the warehouse wall after the height of the warehouse wall is greater than that of the discharge funnel during the construction of the warehouse wall. The construction of the discharge funnel starts with the construction of the support wall, which is formed on the foundation to form a channel between the two opposite support walls. The support wall runs through the bottom of the silo for the passage of the conveying belt; then Carry out the construction of the funnel plate, fill the outer side of the support wall with filler, and form a funnel plate above the filler. The funnel plate has a certain inclination to facilitate the material to slide down due to gravity. In the funnel plate construction step, it also includes: forming a funnel plate part with a predetermined height, and filling the filler below the formed funnel plate part, the filling of the filler and the formation of the funnel plate are carried out alternately until reaching the discharge funnel of the designed height, In this way, the construction method is simple and the structure is firm. The construction method is flexible and suitable for the construction of silos of various sizes. the

In the silo provided with a central column, the construction method further includes a central column construction step to form a central column at the center of the silo for supporting the roof of the silo, so that the silo has better bearing capacity. Preferably, the construction step of the center column and the construction step of the warehouse wall are carried out at the same time, so as to save the construction period. At this time, a discharge funnel is formed between the central column and the warehouse wall, that is, a discharge funnel is constructed in the space between the warehouse wall and the central column. Preferably, a plurality of discharge funnels are formed in the step of constructing the discharge funnels to meet the requirements of the discharge speed. More preferably, multiple discharge funnels are constructed at the same time, so as to shorten the construction period and improve construction efficiency. the

In the construction method of the preferred embodiment, the outer upper edge of each discharge funnel is close to and separated from the warehouse wall, and the inner upper edge is close to and separated from the central column. The discharge funnel is not connected to the warehouse wall and the central column, and the stress conditions of the two are not related. When forming the discharge funnel, it is not necessary to consider the structure and force of the warehouse wall and the central column, and the construction can be carried out independently. The construction method is simple and easy . In addition, since the funnel plate is not connected with the warehouse wall and the central column, it is not necessary to prestress the funnel plate during construction, thereby saving construction time and improving work efficiency. the

In this way, the silo according to the embodiment of the utility model is finally formed. The construction method is simple, the applicability is wide, the stress of each component is simple, the stress of the whole silo is stable, and the bearing capacity is relatively large. the

The preferred embodiment of the utility model has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the utility model is not limited to the specific details of the above-mentioned embodiment, and within the scope of the technical concept of the utility model, the technical solution of the utility model can be carried out in many ways. These simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. the

In addition, it should be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way if there is no contradiction. The combination method will not be explained separately. the

In addition, various combinations of the various implementations of the present invention can also be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the idea of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention. the

Claims (14)

1. A silo roof, characterized in that the silo roof comprises a plurality of silo roof beams (1) and a silo roof plate (2) arranged on the plurality of silo roof beams (1). 2. The silo roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, the plurality of silo roof beams (1) and silo roof plates (2) are all concrete structures. 3. The roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, the plurality of roof beams (1) are radially arranged. 4. The silo roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, the plurality of silo roof beams (1) are arranged in an orthogonal shape. 5. The silo roof according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the silo roof further comprises a ring beam (3), the ring beam (3) is arranged with the center of the silo roof as the center of a circle, and the ring beam (3) (3) is connected with warehouse top beam (1). 6. The warehouse roof according to claim 5, characterized in that there are multiple ring beams (3). 7. The silo roof according to claim 1, characterized in that, a discharge port (4) is arranged on the silo roof (2). 8. The silo roof according to claim 7, characterized in that there are multiple discharge ports (4). 9. The silo roof according to claim 8, characterized in that, a plurality of the discharge openings (4) are arranged in a straight line. 10. The silo roof according to claim 9, characterized in that, the discharge ports (4) are arranged in two symmetrical rows, and two or three discharge ports (4) are arranged in each row. 11. The silo roof according to claim 7, characterized in that, the discharge opening (4) is annular. 12. The silo roof according to claim 7, characterized in that a cover is provided on the discharge opening (4). 13. The roof of claim 12, wherein the cover is made of profiled steel sheet. 14. The silo roof according to claim 1, characterized in that an explosion vent door is arranged on the silo roof (2).

Images