CN201945429U - Device for analyzing vibration characteristic of wind turbine blade - Google Patents
Device for analyzing vibration characteristic of wind turbine blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN201945429U CN201945429U CN2011200110978U CN201120011097U CN201945429U CN 201945429 U CN201945429 U CN 201945429U CN 2011200110978 U CN2011200110978 U CN 2011200110978U CN 201120011097 U CN201120011097 U CN 201120011097U CN 201945429 U CN201945429 U CN 201945429U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种用于风力机叶片的振动特性分析装置，它包括液压牵引机构、采集单元、主控单元和用于固定待测叶片一端的底座，液压牵引机构包括液压驱动组件、牵引支架、牵引绳和至少一个第一夹具，第一夹具夹持固定于待测叶片上，牵引绳设于牵引支架上，牵引绳的一端与液压驱动组件相连，另一端分别与第一夹具相连，采集单元包括两个以上用于采集待测叶片受牵引力时的应变响应信息的测点元件，测点元件均匀分布于待测叶片的表面上。本实用新型可实现对待测叶片的模态分析和静态分析，具有结构简单紧凑、操作简单方便、适用范围广、分析精度高的优点。
The utility model discloses a vibration characteristic analysis device for wind turbine blades, which comprises a hydraulic traction mechanism, an acquisition unit, a main control unit and a base for fixing one end of the blade to be tested. The hydraulic traction mechanism comprises a hydraulic drive assembly, a traction a bracket, a traction rope and at least one first fixture, the first fixture is clamped and fixed on the blade to be tested, the traction rope is arranged on the traction support, one end of the traction rope is connected to the hydraulic drive assembly, and the other end is connected to the first fixture respectively, The acquisition unit includes more than two measuring point elements for collecting the strain response information of the blade to be tested when it is subjected to traction force, and the measuring point elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the blade to be tested. The utility model can realize the modal analysis and static analysis of the blade to be tested, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, simple and convenient operation, wide application range and high analysis precision.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the wind energy conversion system field, specifically is used for the vibration characteristics analytical equipment to pneumatic equipment blades made and other physical constructions.
Background technology
Worldwide fast development of wind-power electricity generation in recent years announces that according to world's wind energy council (GWEC) global wind-power electricity generation total installation of generating capacity was 1.579 hundred million KW in 2009, increased 31% newly than 2008.The pneumatic equipment blades made cost accounts for 1/5 of whole typhoon power generator group, the blade construction design is the basis of whole wind machine group design, its design consideration should be according to the load of calculating in the pneumatic design, and the influence of consideration unit actual motion environment, as problems such as dust storm, low temperature freeze, make blade have enough strength and stiffness, guarantee that blade under the environment for use condition of regulation, is damaged in its cycle in serviceable life inside.Therefore the vibration characteristics analysis of pneumatic equipment blades made is for having very important significance in production cost, work efficiency and the serviceable life etc. of improving wind energy conversion system.Natural frequency, damping and the bending vibation mode picture of physical construction mainly studied in the vibration characteristics analysis of pneumatic equipment blades made.By natural frequency, damping and bending vibation mode picture, can carry out prediction of vibrating failure diagnosis, structural damage and structural dynamic characteristic optimization to pneumatic equipment blades made, thereby can effectively improve the serviceable life of the efficient of pneumatic equipment blades made and performance, prolongation pneumatic equipment blades made.Obtain after the natural frequency of pneumatic equipment blades made, in wind energy conversion system work, then the excited frequency of wind energy conversion system and the natural frequency of pneumatic equipment blades made can be staggered, can avoid wind energy conversion system to resonate, effectively improve the performance of wind energy conversion system, the serviceable life of prolongation wind energy conversion system.
In the various vibration characteristics analytical approachs of pneumatic equipment blades made, model analysis is a kind of means that are widely adopted.The classics of model analysis are defined as: the physical coordinates in the linear stational system oscillatory differential equation is transformed to modal coordinate, make the system of equations decoupling zero, become one group of independent equation of describing with modal coordinate and modal parameter, so that obtain the modal parameter of system, the matrix of coordinate transform is a modal matrix, and whenever classifies Mode Shape as.The calculating of model analysis is mainly adopted finite element analysis or is carried out the method that numerical integration is found the solution by depression of order, and finite element analysis can use ripe in the world finite element analysis software (as ANSYS, MARC, ALGOR, ABAQUS etc.) to carry out Treatment Analysis.
At present fewer for the vibration characteristics analytical approach of pneumatic equipment blades made, shortage can be to the analytical approach of pneumatic equipment blades made under permanent load.And the working environment of pneumatic equipment blades made is more abominable, for example need to carry load that the centrifugal tension, wind-force, ice and snow of blade cover or the like, therefore the dynamic response analysis under permanent load can more accurately obtain the vibration characteristics of pneumatic equipment blades made to pneumatic equipment blades made, carries out vibrating failure diagnosis, structural damage prediction and structural dynamic characteristic optimization for pneumatic equipment blades made and has great importance.
The utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: provide a kind of realize model analysis and static analysis, the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made simple and compact for structure, simple to operation, applied widely, that analysis precision is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made, it is characterized in that: it comprises hydraulic haulage mechanism, collecting unit, main control unit and the base that is used for fixing blade one end to be measured, described hydraulic haulage mechanism comprises the hydraulic-driven assembly, towing bracket, traction rope and at least one first anchor clamps, described first anchor clamps are clamped and fastened on the blade to be measured, described traction rope is located on the towing bracket, one end of described traction rope links to each other with the hydraulic-driven assembly, the other end links to each other with first anchor clamps, described collecting unit comprises the measuring point element of the strain-responsive information when being used to gather blade to be measured more than two is subjected to tractive force, and described measuring point element is uniformly distributed on the surface of blade to be measured.
As further improvement of the utility model:
Described measuring point element comprises at least one group of strain detecting unit, and described strain detecting unit comprises second strainometer that is used to detect first strainometer of transverse strain and is used to detect longitudinal strain.
First strainometer in the same described strain detecting unit and second strainometer are the T font and arrange.
Described traction rope is provided with overarm by an end of first anchor clamps, and described overarm is provided with the lanyard that is equally spaced, and described first anchor clamps equidistantly are fixed on the blade to be measured and by lanyard and vertically hang in the overarm.
It also comprises the vibrational excitation source that is used for blade to be measured is applied vibrational excitation, and described measuring point element is gathered the vibratory response information of blade to be measured and exported main control unit to.
Described vibrational excitation source comprises the power hammer, and described power hammer is provided with force transducer, and described force transducer links to each other with main control unit.
Described vibrational excitation source comprises eccentric motor, described main control unit comprises the frequency converter that is used to control the eccentric motor vibration frequency, described frequency converter links to each other with eccentric motor, described eccentric motor is fixed on the blade to be measured by second anchor clamps, described second anchor clamps are provided with spring and the motor mounting plate that is supported on the spring, and described eccentric motor is fixed on the motor mounting plate.
Described measuring point element also comprises the acceleration sensing unit that is used for sense acceleration information, described acceleration sensing unit comprises first acceleration transducer and second acceleration transducer, described first acceleration transducer is located on the airfoil surface of blade to be measured, described second acceleration transducer is located at the aerofoil profile leading edge of blade to be measured, and first acceleration transducer in the same measuring point element and second acceleration transducer are positioned on the same aerofoil section of blade to be measured.
Described base is provided with the anchor clamps by bolt, and an end of blade to be measured is fixed on the base by anchor clamps.
Described anchor clamps are provided with circular mounting disc, and described anchor clamps are mounted on the base by mounting disc, and the installation position of corresponding described mounting disc is provided with angle dial on the described base.
The utlity model has following advantage:
1, the utility model comprises hydraulic haulage mechanism, therefore can apply different tractive force to blade to be measured and finish static analysis by the hydraulic-driven assembly is convenient blade to be measured, the hydraulic-driven assembly is implemented traction by traction rope, first anchor clamps to blade to be measured, tractive force is regulated flexible, the automaticity height, can can change the position that pneumatic equipment blades made power is applied tractive force by the position of adjusting towing bracket, have advantage simple and compact for structure, simple to operation, applied widely, that analysis precision is high.
2, first strainometer and second strainometer are as one group of measuring point of strain detecting unit, the strain-responsive information of measuring comprises the strain variation on the horizontal and vertical both direction, both can be used as the foundation of pneumatic equipment blades made fail-safe analysis, static analysis, also can be used as the basis of model analysis, can directly study simultaneously the strain of some key point, as the node of blade vibration or partial structurtes change near the influence the fluctuation zone.
3, be the T font between first strainometer and second strainometer and distribute, so its strain variation that detects respectively on the horizontal and vertical both direction is more accurate, thereby the strain information of analyzing each aerofoil section that obtains is more accurate.
4, traction rope is provided with overarm by a side of blade to be measured, and first anchor clamps equidistantly are fixed on the blade to be measured and by lanyard and hang in the overarm, and therefore the tractive force that pneumatic equipment blades made is applied is more even.
5, it also comprises the vibrational excitation source that is used for blade to be measured is applied vibrational excitation, thereby can obtain the modal vibration performance data such as natural frequency, damping, bending vibation mode picture of blade to be measured by model analysis, can realize the damage check of pneumatic equipment blades made.
6, the vibrational excitation source comprises the power hammer, can be according to user's needs people for applying vibrational excitation, easy to use, on the power hammer force transducer is housed, measurable exciting force can be imported to the calculating of carrying out frequency response function in the main control unit model analysis software as input signal, main control unit can be rejected the force signal that is interfered by the way that preview is average by monitoring the exciting force signal of force transducer input, can guarantee the final precision of experimental result.
7, the vibrational excitation source comprises eccentric motor, control desk links to each other with eccentric motor by frequency converter, eccentric motor is fixed on second anchor clamps by motor mounting plate, spring, can conveniently control the rotating speed of eccentric motor, eccentric motor can produce eccentric sinusoidal excitation, eccentric sinusoidal excitation has signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), peak value effective value ratio and same non-linear detection characteristic preferably, and motor and frequency converter become one, and is better to the dynamic property detection of blade excitation.
8, the surface of pneumatic equipment blades made is a curved surface, each cross sectional shape is also different with the relative torsional angle degree, therefore first acceleration transducer is located on the airfoil surface of blade to be measured during sensor installation, second acceleration transducer is located at the aerofoil profile leading edge of blade to be measured, first acceleration transducer and second acceleration transducer are tested the vibration of waving direction and shimmy direction of same aerofoil section simultaneously, model analysis software can animation display the coupled vibration mode figure of the tested blade of simulation of image more, meet theoretical and actual requirement.
9, base is provided with the anchor clamps by bolt, and blade one end to be measured is fixed on the base by anchor clamps, easy installation and removal, analytical test efficient height.
10, the installation position of corresponding described mounting disc is provided with angle dial on the base, can conveniently adjust the setting angle of pneumatic equipment blades made when installing, and can conveniently be used to explore installation position to the pneumatic equipment blades made effects on dynamic properties.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model in Application Example;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment strain detecting unit;
Fig. 3 is the detailed structure synoptic diagram of the utility model embodiment strain detecting unit;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment first anchor clamps;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment second anchor clamps;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment control desk;
Fig. 7 is the distributed architecture synoptic diagram of the utility model embodiment acceleration sensing unit;
Fig. 8 is the detailed structure synoptic diagram of the utility model embodiment acceleration sensing unit;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment base;
Figure 10 is the side-looking structural representation of the utility model embodiment base;
Figure 11 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of the utility model embodiment base;
Figure 12 is for using the first-order bending vibation mode picture that the utility model embodiment obtains;
Figure 13 is for using the second order bending vibation mode picture that the utility model embodiment obtains;
Figure 14 is for using the three first order mode figure that the utility model embodiment obtains;
Figure 15 is for using the quadravalence bending vibation mode picture that the utility model embodiment obtains;
Figure 16 carries out the carrying out flaw detection principle schematic for using the utility model embodiment.
Marginal data: 1, exciting unit; 11, hydraulic haulage mechanism; 110, towing bracket; 1101, support extension; 1102, travel switch; 111, hydraulic oil pump; 112, first anchor clamps; 1121, first curved splint; 1122, the first straight plate; 1123, first bolt; 113, control desk; 1131, frequency converter; 114, hydraulic jack; 115, traction rope; 1151, overarm; 1152, lanyard; 12, vibrational excitation source; 121, eccentric motor; 122, power hammer; 1221, force transducer; 123, second anchor clamps; 1231, second curved splint; 1232, the second straight plate; 1233, second bolt; 1234, spring; 1235, motor mounting plate; 2, collecting unit; 21, measuring point element; 211, acceleration sensing unit; 2111, first acceleration transducer; 2112, second acceleration transducer; 212, strain detecting unit; 2121, first strainometer; 2122, second strainometer; 3, main control unit; 31, information acquisition unit; 32, industrial computer; 4, base; 41, anchor clamps; 411, mounting hole; 412, angle dial; 42, mounting disc; 5, blade to be measured.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made of the utility model embodiment comprises hydraulic haulage mechanism 11, collecting unit 2, main control unit 3 and the base 4 that is used for fixing blade 5 one ends to be measured, hydraulic haulage mechanism 11 comprises the hydraulic-driven assembly, towing bracket 110, traction rope 115 and at least one first anchor clamps 112, first anchor clamps 112 are clamped and fastened on the blade 5 to be measured, traction rope 115 is located on the towing bracket 110, one end of traction rope 115 links to each other with the hydraulic-driven assembly, the other end links to each other with first anchor clamps 112, collecting unit 2 comprises the measuring point element 21 of the strain-responsive information when being used to gather blade 5 to be measured more than two is subjected to tractive force, and measuring point element 21 is uniformly distributed on the surface of blade 5 to be measured.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, measuring point element 21 comprises at least one group of strain detecting unit 212, and strain detecting unit 212 comprises second strainometer 2122 that is used to detect first strainometer 2121 of transverse strain and is used to detect longitudinal strain.In the present embodiment, first strainometer 2121 in the same strain detecting unit 212 and second strainometer 2122 are the T font and arrange.In the present embodiment, measuring point element 21 links to each other with main control unit 3 by signal amplifier, main control unit 3 comprises control desk 113, information acquisition unit 31 and industrial computer 32, information acquisition unit 31 can adopt DH-5922 dynamic signal analyzer or DH-3816 stationary singnal vasculum as required, and information acquisition unit 31 adopts USB to link to each other with industrial computer 32.Main control unit 3 obtains the strain information of blade 5 each aerofoil sections to be measured according to the strain-responsive information of input.
In the present embodiment, towing bracket 110 can move along the axis direction of blade 5 to be measured, thereby can conveniently adjust the position that blade 5 to be measured is applied tractive force.The hydraulic-driven assembly comprises hydraulic oil pump 111, hydraulic jack 114 and travel switch 1102, hydraulic oil pump 111 links to each other with control desk 113, the output terminal of hydraulic oil pump 111 links to each other with hydraulic jack 114, towing bracket 110 1 sides are provided with support extension 1101, hydraulic jack 114 is fixed on the support extension 1101 and its piston rod links to each other with traction rope 115, travel switch 1102 is located on the support extension 1101, hydraulic oil pump 111 can drive piston rod and swing in the stroke of travel switch 1102, the tractive force that control traction rope 115 changes blade 5 to be measured, the traction rope 115 of present embodiment is a wire rope.
The utility model embodiment also comprises the vibrational excitation source 12 that is used for blade 5 to be measured is applied vibrational excitation, and measuring point element 21 is gathered the vibratory response information of blade 5 to be measured and exported main control unit 3 to.Main control unit 3 obtains natural frequency, damping, the bending vibation mode picture of blade 5 to be measured according to the vibratory response information of input.
In the present embodiment, vibrational excitation source 12 comprises power hammer 122, and power hammer 122 is provided with force transducer 1221, and force transducer 1221 links to each other with main control unit 3.Power hammer 122 and force transducer 1221 combine and constitute an instrument, power is hammered into shape on the hardness of weight, power hammer 122 of size that the energy magnitude of 122 exciting forces and frequency bandspread depend on that the operator exerts oneself, power hammer and the structure by the plasticity of beating point, and the exciting total energy of power hammer 122 produces a level and smooth power that extends to assigned frequency.In addition, vibrational excitation source 12 comprises eccentric motor 121, main control unit 3 comprises the frequency converter 1131 that is used to control eccentric motor 121 vibration frequencies, frequency converter 1131 links to each other with eccentric motor 121, eccentric motor 121 is fixed on the blade 5 to be measured by second anchor clamps 123, second anchor clamps 123 are provided with spring 1234 and the motor mounting plate 1235 that is fixed on the spring 1234, and eccentric motor 121 is fixed on the motor mounting plate 1235.Eccentric motor 121 and power hammer 122 can be selected to use as required, also can use simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 5, second anchor clamps 123 of present embodiment comprise second curved splint 1231 and the second straight plate 1232, and spring 1234 is located on the second straight plate 1232, link to each other by second bolt 1233 between second curved splint 1231 and the second straight plate 1232.Present embodiment can produce eccentric sinusoidal excitation to blade 5 to be measured by spring 1234, and eccentric sinusoidal excitation has signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), peak value effective value ratio and same non-linear detection characteristic preferably, and the modal parameter that obtains is more accurate.Can adjust clamping gap between second curved splint 1231 and the second straight plate 1232 by second bolt 1233, thereby second anchor clamps 123 can be clamped and fastened on the blade 5 to be measured securely, prevent from when applying vibrational excitation, to cause eccentric motor 121 to come off owing to clamping not strongly admittedly, more solid and reliable.
As shown in Figure 6, be provided with frequency converter 1131 in the control desk 113 of main control unit 3, the guidance panel of control desk 113 is provided with galvanometer motor, electric moter voltage table, frequency converter operating unit, hydraulic oil pump operating unit and power switch unit etc.The frequency converter operating unit comprises that frequency converter frequency display, frequency converter menu button, frequency converter frequency increase button, frequency converter start button, frequency converter return button, frequency converter frequency reduces button, frequency converter stop button etc.; The hydraulic oil pump operating unit comprises oil pump release pilot lamp, oil pump pressurization pilot lamp, oil pump power light, oil pump release button, oil pump pressurizing button and oil pump power switch button; Power switch unit comprises control desk power light and control desk power switch.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, the measuring point element 21 of present embodiment also comprises the acceleration sensing unit 211 that is used for sense acceleration information, acceleration sensing unit 211 comprises first acceleration transducer 2111 and second acceleration transducer 2112, first acceleration transducer 2111 is located on the airfoil surface of blade 5 to be measured, second acceleration transducer 2112 is located at the aerofoil profile leading edge of blade 5 to be measured, and first acceleration transducer 2111 and second acceleration transducer 2112 in the same measuring point element 21 are positioned on the same aerofoil section of blade 5 to be measured.In the present embodiment, first acceleration transducer 2111 and second acceleration transducer 2112 in the acceleration sensing unit 211 all adopt the DH130 acceleration transducer.
As Fig. 9, Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11, base 4 is provided with anchor clamps 41, and an end of blade 5 to be measured is fixed on the base 4 by anchor clamps 41.Anchor clamps 41 are provided with circular mounting disc 42, and anchor clamps 41 are mounted on the base 4 by mounting disc 42, and the installation position of corresponding mounting disc 42 is provided with angle dial 412 on the base 4.In the present embodiment, blade 5 to be measured by bolt on anchor clamps 41, mounting disc 42 is provided with equally distributed a plurality of mounting hole 411 that is used to be mounted on the base 4, and anchor clamps 41 are fixed on the base 4 by bolt, mounting hole 411, base 4 by bolt on ground.
The utility model can be used for vibration characteristics analyses such as the model analysis of pneumatic equipment blades made and static analyses, hydraulic haulage mechanism 11 and vibrational excitation source 12 are as the part of exciting unit 1, hydraulic haulage mechanism 11, strain detecting unit 212 are used for the static analysis to blade 5 to be measured, and vibrational excitation source 12, acceleration sensing unit 211 are used for the model analysis to blade 5 to be measured.Model analysis is used to obtain the modal parameter of blade 5 to be measured, mainly comprises natural frequency, damping, bending vibation mode picture; Static analysis is mainly used in the strain information of each aerofoil section that obtains blade 5 to be measured.Model analysis is divided into dynamometry and non-dynamometry, dynamometry (frequency response function method) is classical modal analysis method, it has introduced the transport function in the Theory of Automatic Control (or frequency response function) notion, transport function reflection system be input with export between relation, can come the modal parameter of identification blade 5 to be measured according to transport function, reflect the inherent characteristic of blade 5 to be measured.To obtain the mode result more accurate than the result who obtains of dynamometry not though dynamometry is measured, but for large scale structures such as building construction, large bridge, can't artificially encourage and situation that environmental excitation power also can't be measured under, the response signal that can only utilize dynamometry not to obtain is come the modal parameter of identification structure.In this experimental system, dynamometry and non-dynamometry all can be used, and both are basic identical on the experimental implementation method.
It is that example is introduced the application of present embodiment in model analysis as the vibration acquisition source that following content only adopts acceleration sensing unit 211 with dynamometry, employing power hammer 122 as driving source, collecting unit 2:
1) definite measuring point that measuring point element 21 is installed.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, in the present embodiment blade 5 to be measured is divided into 14 equal portions along axis direction 15 groups of measuring point elements 21 are set altogether.On the airfoil surface of blade 5 to be measured from being labeled as the 1-15 measuring point successively to the other end by base 4 one ends, the 1-15 measuring point is distributed in 1/2nd places of wing chord on the airfoil surface of pneumatic equipment blades made in the present embodiment, and the 1-15 measuring point is used to install first acceleration transducer 2111; The aerofoil profile leading edge of blade 5 to be measured is from being labeled as the 16-30 measuring point by base 4 one ends successively to the other end, and the 16-30 measuring point is used to install second acceleration transducer 2112.When choosing measuring point, avoid making measuring point on the node of Mode Shape as far as possible.
2) connection is initially installed by system.
At measuring point first acceleration transducer 2111 and second acceleration transducer 2112 are installed successively, degree of will speed up sensing unit 211 links to each other with industrial computer 32 by information acquisition unit 31 then, information acquisition unit 31 is selected the DH-5922 dynamic signal analyzer for use, and DHDAS_5920 dynamic signal acquisition analytic system corresponding with the DH-5922 dynamic signal analyzer and Dong Hua DHMA model analysis software are installed on the industrial computer 32.Force transducer 1221 on the power hammer 122 connects the 2-15 passage of DH-5922 dynamic signal analyzer, and 30 DH130 acceleration transducers in the acceleration sensing unit 211 connect 1-1 passage to the 2-14 passage of dynamic acquisition analyser respectively.
3) signalization analyser parameter.
Start DHDAS_5920 dynamic signal acquisition analytic system on the industrial computer 32, select analysis/frequency response function analytic function: at first " analyze (N) " and select analytical model " single input frequency response " at menu, then in four newly-built automatically windows, click right button respectively, setting four windows in " signal selection " dialog box is followed successively by: the frequency response function data of 1-16 passage and 2-1 passage, the time waveform of 2-15 passage, the coherence function data of 1-16 passage and 2-1 passage, the time waveform of 1-16 passage and 2-1 passage.
Parameter is provided with as follows: sampling rate: 2KHz; Sample mode: transient state; Triggering mode: signal triggering; Delay is counted: 200; Average mode: linear averaging; The time with count: 8192; The sampling batch: 4; Preview is average: √.
The parameter setting should be noted:
1, reference channel: 2-15 passage (power passage);
2, engineering unit and sensitivity: the sensitivity of the sensitivity of first acceleration transducer 2111,2,112 two sensors of second acceleration transducer being imported corresponding passage is provided with in the hurdle.Transducer sensitivity is that KCH (PC/EU) represents that each engineering unit exports the electric charge of how many PC, power in this way, and also engineering unit is made as newton N in the parameter list, then is PC/N herein; Acceleration in this way, and engineering unit is made as m/s in the parameter list
2, then be PC/m/s herein
2
3, range ability: adjust range ability, make experimental data reach signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) preferably.Adjust principle: do not make the instrument overload, also do not make signal gets too small.
4, modal parameter: write and survey period and direction.When adopting single-point pick-up method, the survey period that the interior input pickup of response channel (acceleration transducer signals) is placed, the 1-1 passage is+Z that the 1-16 passage is+Y to the direction of 1-15 passage to the direction of 2-14 passage.
4) start DHMA model analysis software, operation steps is as follows:
Geometric Modeling: the newly-built structure bulk-breaking, create rectangular model automatically, the length and width parameter and the segments of input model; Open the node information window, write the survey period;
Import the frequency response function data: the newdata file, import the signal file that dynamic signal analyzer collects, click " measurement type " button, select to measure type: single-point pick-up method.
Parameter recognition: at first cursor is selected the data of a frequency range, clicks the parameter recognition button, search peak, calculated rate damping and residual (vibration shape).
5) vibration shape editor
Can observe, print and preserve analysis result after model analysis finishes, also can observe the animation display of Mode Shape.
6) animation display
Open modal parameter file and geometric model window, in the modal parameter file window,, the modal parameter data allocations is given the measuring point of geometric model by the Data Matching order.Enter into the geometric model window, click the animation display button, geometric model comes out the vibration shape of corresponding model frequency with animation display.Mouse is selected different model frequencies in vibration shape list file, and the just corresponding vibration shape that it is corresponding shows on the geometric model.In the geometric model window, use the corresponding button to control by animation, in view selection, choose display mode as changing: single-view, multi-modal and three-view diagram; Change the display color mode; Amplitude, speed and size, and geometric position.Present embodiment finally obtains the bending vibation mode picture of blade 5 to be measured such as Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14 and shown in Figure 15, wherein solid line partly refers to the bending vibation mode picture of pneumatic equipment blades made stationary state, dotted portion refers to the bending vibation mode picture of the motion morphology of pneumatic equipment blades made, be shown as damping ratio among the figure, can directly obtain damping after the derivation.Can draw following conclusion from above-mentioned bending vibation mode picture: the single order of pneumatic equipment blades made is for waving vibration, and second order is a pendulate, and three rank, quadravalence, five rank and six rank are to wave and shimmy coupled vibrations; Three rank wave and during coupled vibrations node location near No. 12 measuring points.
Present embodiment dynamometry and by the dynamometry natural frequency is not as shown in the table:
Wherein, the unit of natural frequency is Hz.
After obtaining natural frequency, just can will avoid the natural frequency of pneumatic equipment blades made to the excited frequency of pneumatic equipment blades made at the pneumatic equipment blades made run duration, thereby can prevent that pneumatic equipment blades made from producing resonance by model analysis.In the pneumatic equipment blades made optimal design, if adopt the shift frequency effect of additional mass that natural frequency is reduced, in the present embodiment pneumatic equipment blades made three rank wave and during coupled vibrations node location near No. 12 measuring points, additional mass loads on the node of this rank natural mode of vibration, then inoperative to this rank natural frequency, wish that first natural frequency that moves is moved and make.If wanting has bigger influence to certain fundamental frequency, then additional mass should be added in this bigger position of natural frequency vibration shape amplitude, rank.Structural damping is to the stall flutter of pneumatic equipment blades made and wave shimmy very responsive, structural damping causes the fricative damping of material internal structure owing to distortion in blade vibration, it is to the stall flutter that prevents blade and wave the shimmy vital role that risen, and therefore should consider these characteristics in the blade design.
Therefore, the model analysis of pneumatic equipment blades made plays an important role for design of the vibrational structure power of pneumatic equipment blades made and fault diagnosis, and the Mode Shape of blade is for the variation of the variation of the local size of wind turbine blade structure and mechanical property such as crackle or internal injury sensitivity relatively.As shown in figure 16, there is crackle at 10～No. 11 measuring point places on the blade, just can draw its model frequency and Mode Shape to the wind energy conversion system experimental modal analysis, utilize the model frequency and the Mode Shape of it and former blade to compare, particularly obtain the amplitude of 10-11 measuring point, just can probably analyze the position whether blade has crackle and crackle, certainly fine cracks is less to the influence of the frequency and the vibration shape, therefore in current pneumatic equipment blades made mechanical damage research, generally adopt on the basis of model analysis and experimental technique, utilize the test sample book of the resulting data of modal test, adopt technology such as artificial neural network or wavelet analysis that wind turbine blade structure is damaged and discern as network.In addition, the model analysis of pneumatic equipment blades made also can adopt eccentric motor 121 as driving source, and eccentric motor 121 can produce the centering type sinusoidal excitation, and centering type sinusoidal excitation method is a kind of classical way of measuring frequency response function.
Following content applies tractive force with hydraulic haulage mechanism 11, and it is that example is introduced the application of present embodiment in static analysis as the strain acquirement source that collecting unit 2 only adopts strain detecting unit 212:
1) definite measuring point that measuring point element 21 is installed.
In the present embodiment, blade 5 to be measured is divided into 7 equal portions, adopts 7 measuring points altogether, 7 measuring points are equally spaced on the airfoil surface of blade 5 to be measured.
2) connection is initially installed by system.
At measuring point strain detecting unit 212 is installed, then strain detecting unit 212 is linked to each other with industrial computer 32 by information acquisition unit 31.Strain detecting unit 212 can adopt 1/4 bridge, half-bridge or full-bridge mode to link to each other with information acquisition unit 31 as required, information acquisition unit 31 is selected DH-3816 stationary singnal vasculum for use, and DH3816 (USB) strain measurement system is installed on the industrial computer 32.In the present embodiment, every computing machine can be controlled 16 DH-3816 stationary singnal vasculums, and every DH-3816 stationary singnal vasculum can connect 60 strain detecting unit 212.
3) stationary singnal vasculum parameter is provided with
The cabinet characteristic:
The machine case number (CN): the cabinet number that is found, detect demonstration automatically by software, the user can not be provided with.
Initial measuring point, end measuring point: the sweep limit when being provided with the instrument image data respectively, the instrument decision is arranged, immutable.
Scale-up factor: being mainly used to revise the deviation that amplifier together may occur, generally is 1.
Electric bridge and test specimen parameter
Foil gauge resistance: default value is 120, revises input according to the foil gauge actual value.
Conductor resistance: default value is 0, tests out resistance value according to lead in the actual tests.
Sensitivity coefficient: default value is 2, revises input according to the foil gauge actual value.
The measuring point characteristic is provided with:
Unit: when each measuring point test different physical quantities, can import corresponding engineering unit.
Revise: revise the deviation that each measuring point occurs, the conversion factor when perhaps being converted into Other Engineering unit as input value, as connect strain gauge transducer, can be at the sensitivity coefficient of this input pickup.
Describe: allow the input prompt literal to make marks or note usefulness.
Report to the police and be provided with: allow in test process, data to be done supervision, reach the setting value color display alarm to set immediately.
Alarming threshold value: allow to be provided with the ultimate value that needs warning.
4) hydraulic loaded and sampling
On control desk 113, press the control desk power switch button earlier, press the oil pump power switch button again, press the oil pump pressurizing button then, can apply tractive force to blade 5 to be measured, press oil pump release button and can discharge tractive force on the blade of exerting pressure, tractive force can be calculated according to the hydraulic pressure ratings, is applied to time available travel switch 1102 controls of power on the blade.
5) obtain staticaanalysis results
Start DH3816 (USB) strain measurement system, choice menus item " operation unitary sampling " is implemented sampling." demonstration " the main menu item comprises setting, last secondary data, back one secondary data, deletes several of current data, sample information, and also available " demonstration historical data " shows the history of a certain measuring point.By the display mode of image data is set, between strain, stress, strain rosette, hysteresis loop, several modes of test value, switch, finally obtain the strain information of each aerofoil section of blade 5 to be measured.
In the present embodiment, apply four kinds of different load respectively successively by 11 pairs of blades 5 to be measured of hydraulic haulage mechanism, add before the load all in DH3816 (USB) strain measurement system balancing run at every turn and strainometer is returned to zero, it is to proofreading and correct the zero point of data vasculum, the strain value of each strainometer when each loading of strain window record that shows, obtain each measuring point unit of four loading gained, finally obtaining strain information is four strain values.By static analysis, the strain numerical value of each aerofoil section of gained can be come Comprehensive Assessment to be subjected to the intensity and the deformation characteristic of pneumatic equipment blades made under the distributed load effect, for the dynamic perfromance and the blade strength design of research pneumatic equipment blades made provides foundation.By the strain information of each aerofoil section, can be distributed as criterion by the cross section M curve and carry out blade construction shape rationality, check the reliability of blade 5 to be measured, find out the dangerouse cross-section of blade 5 to be measured, for the Shape optimization of pneumatic equipment blades made provides reference.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present utility model, and protection domain of the present utility model also not only is confined to the foregoing description, and all technical schemes that belongs under the utility model thinking all belong to protection domain of the present utility model.Should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill of the present utility model in the some improvements and modifications that do not break away under the utility model principle prerequisite, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made, it is characterized in that: it comprises hydraulic haulage mechanism (11), collecting unit (2), main control unit (3) and be used for fixing the base (4) of blade (5) one ends to be measured, described hydraulic haulage mechanism (11) comprises the hydraulic-driven assembly, towing bracket (110), traction rope (115) and at least one first anchor clamps (112), described first anchor clamps (112) are clamped and fastened on the blade to be measured (5), described traction rope (115) is located on the towing bracket (110), one end of described traction rope (115) links to each other with the hydraulic-driven assembly, the other end links to each other with first anchor clamps (112), described collecting unit (2) comprises the measuring point element (21) that is used to gather the strain-responsive information of blade to be measured (5) when being subjected to tractive force more than two, and described measuring point element (21) is uniformly distributed on the surface of blade to be measured (5).
2. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring point element (21) comprises at least one group of strain detecting unit (212), and described strain detecting unit (212) comprises second strainometer (2122) that is used to detect first strainometer (2121) of transverse strain and is used to detect longitudinal strain.
3. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 2 is characterized in that: first strainometer (2121) in the same described strain detecting unit (212) and second strainometer (2122) are the T font and arrange.
4. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described traction rope (115) is provided with overarm (1151) by an end of first anchor clamps (112), described overarm (1151) is provided with the lanyard (1152) that is equally spaced, and described first anchor clamps (112) equidistantly are fixed in blade to be measured (5) and go up, also vertically hang in the overarm (1151) by lanyard (1152).
5. according to any described vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: it also comprises the vibrational excitation source (12) that is used for blade to be measured (5) is applied vibrational excitation, and described measuring point element (21) is gathered the vibratory response information of blade to be measured (5) and exported main control unit (3) to.
6. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described vibrational excitation source (12) comprises power hammer (122), described power hammer (122) is provided with force transducer (1221), and described force transducer (1221) links to each other with main control unit (3).
7. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described vibrational excitation source (12) comprises eccentric motor (121), described main control unit (3) comprises the frequency converter (1131) that is used to control eccentric motor (121) vibration frequency, described frequency converter (1131) links to each other with eccentric motor (121), described eccentric motor (121) is fixed on the blade to be measured (5) by second anchor clamps (123), described second anchor clamps (123) are provided with spring (1234) and are supported on motor mounting plate (1235) on the spring (1234), and described eccentric motor (121) is fixed on the motor mounting plate (1235).
8. according to claim 6 or the 7 described vibration characteristics analytical equipments that are used for pneumatic equipment blades made, it is characterized in that: described measuring point element (21) also comprises the acceleration sensing unit (211) that is used for sense acceleration information, described acceleration sensing unit (211) comprises first acceleration transducer (2111) and second acceleration transducer (2112), described first acceleration transducer (2111) is located on the airfoil surface of blade to be measured (5), described second acceleration transducer (2112) is located at the aerofoil profile leading edge of blade to be measured (5), and first acceleration transducer (2111) and second acceleration transducer (2112) in the same measuring point element (21) are positioned on the same aerofoil section of blade to be measured (5).
9. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described base (4) is provided with anchor clamps (41), and an end of blade to be measured (5) is fixed on the base (4) by anchor clamps (41).
10. the vibration characteristics analytical equipment that is used for pneumatic equipment blades made according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described anchor clamps (41) are provided with circular mounting disc (42), described anchor clamps (41) are mounted on the base (4) by mounting disc (42), and the installation position that described base (4) is gone up corresponding described mounting disc (42) is provided with angle dial (412).
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| CN2011200110978U CN201945429U (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2011-01-14 | Device for analyzing vibration characteristic of wind turbine blade |
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