CN1995578B - Assembled architecture outer wall and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated building exterior wall and a construction method thereof. The prefabricated building exterior wall includes a load-bearing component and a fencing plate arranged on the load-bearing component, wherein the load-bearing component includes several columns, and the columns are provided with several a hanging key protruding outwards, the enclosure includes several hanging plates, the inner side of the bottom of the hanging plate has a hanging groove matching the shape of the hanging key, and the outer side of the upper part of the hanging plate is provided with a tongue and groove, The outer side of the hanging groove has a lap joint that matches the tongue and groove provided on the lower adjacent hanging plate. The present invention adopts the above structure, the installation process is convenient and fast, and the heat preservation effect is better. It is installed and fixed between the columns The safety protection net has a good fixed anti-theft effect.

Description

A prefabricated building exterior wall and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to a building exterior wall and a construction method thereof, in particular to a building exterior wall capable of assembly operations, which belongs to the field of construction.

Background technique

At present, there are several common building types in my country: brick-concrete structure, cast-in-place concrete shear wall structure, cast-in-place concrete frame structure, steel structure, etc. Among them, brick-concrete structure is the most widely used and has a long history, but due to protection The country has legislated to phase out and prohibit the use of clay bricks for the environment and the need to save farmland, so the brick-concrete structure is about to be phased out, and other construction methods are also complicated because of the technology, so the construction speed is slow, the construction period is long, and the level of building industrialization is low. . Especially in the case of a frame structure such as a concrete frame or a steel structure, a large construction period is wasted on the construction of the exterior wall, because the construction of the exterior wall needs to build the wall with concrete bricks first, and then use concrete or concrete on the outer surface of the exterior wall. Cement or ceramic tiles are reinforced to play the role of waterproof, heat preservation and cold protection. This operation method is very troublesome, labor-intensive and time-consuming, and the heat preservation effect is not ideal. In recent years, many architectural research institutions or construction units have adopted new wall buildings that can be industrialized. The use of materials, such as various lightweight insulation boards, speeds up the construction to a certain extent, and the effect of heat preservation and cold protection is better. However, due to structural and material reasons, these improved wall building materials are still relatively complicated in construction, and cannot be installed faster, and most of them are applied to interior walls, and traditional methods are still required for exterior walls, so the construction speed is slow. The construction cost is high, the insulation effect is poor, and the energy saving effect cannot be achieved.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low cost, convenient and fast installation, and a prefabricated building exterior wall with good thermal insulation effect.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for the exterior wall of the prefabricated building.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the prefabricated building exterior wall provided by the present invention includes a load-bearing member and a fencing board arranged on the load-bearing member, wherein the load-bearing member includes several columns, and the columns are provided with several outward The protruding hanging key, the enclosure includes several hanging plates, the inner side of the bottom of the hanging plate has a hanging groove matching the shape of the hanging key, and the outer side of the upper part of the hanging plate is provided with a tongue and groove. The outer side of the groove has an overlapping portion matched with the tongue and groove provided on the lower adjacent hanging plate.

Among the above-mentioned exterior walls of prefabricated buildings:

The hanging key has an inclined upper surface, and the hanging groove has an inclined contact surface matched with the inclined upper surface of the hanging key. The hanging key and the hanging groove of this structure cooperate more closely, and the hanging plate is not easy to fall off.

The lower surface of the hanging key is parallel to the upper surface of the hanging plate, and is arranged horizontally or obliquely.

There is a gap between the tongue and groove of adjacent hanging boards and the lap joint, and the bottom surface of the lap joint is parallel to the upper surface of the corresponding tongue and groove, and is arranged horizontally or inclined downward.

The inner side of the column is provided with an inner wall panel, and the inner wall panel includes an insulating layer made of an insulating material. It can effectively play the role of cold protection and heat preservation, and the energy saving effect is better.

A safety protection net is arranged between the adjacent columns. Play the role of security and anti-theft.

Reinforcing ribs are arranged in the columns, hanging boards and hanging keys to increase the rigidity of the wall.

A drip groove is provided on the outer surface of the column.

Fasteners for fixing the upright are provided on the inner side of the upright. The fastener can make the column and the frame structure fixedly connected, and the whole structure is safer and firmer.

The hanging board is located on both sides of the column to be provided with a fixing device for horizontally fixing the hanging board, and the fixing device includes a fixing hole provided on the inner surface of the hanging board and a wedge matched with the fixing hole on the upright. This kind of structure can effectively prevent the lateral movement of the hanging board, and the whole structure is stronger.

The two side surfaces of the upright column are respectively provided with grooves penetrating up and down. The setting of the groove reduces the use of materials and lowers the cost.

The outer surface of the hanging board has an artistic decoration layer. This scheme makes the whole exterior wall more beautiful.

The column is made of concrete material or wood or stone material or metal material, and the hanging board is made of concrete material or wood material or stone material or metal or magnesite board.

The construction method of the prefabricated building exterior wall provided by the present invention, its construction steps are:

Step 1, fixing the column (1) on the steel structure or frame structure with fasteners (8);

Step 2. Install the hanging board (2) in the order from bottom to top, install the hanging groove (21) of the bottom hanging board (2) on the hanging key (3) of the column (1), and then install the upper adjacent Hanging plate (2), after the upper adjacent hanging plate (2) is hung on the corresponding hanging key (3), make its lap joint (23) and the tongue and groove (22) of the adjacent next piece of hanging plate (2) Lap joints, and install sequentially from bottom to top in the same manner, and install hanging boards (2) between several columns (1) in the same sequence from bottom to top;

Step 3, install and fix the safety protection net (9) between the columns (1).

Step 4: Fix the inner wall panel (7) on the inner side of the column (1).

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

(1), the present invention adopts the above-mentioned structure and method, after the column is fixed with fasteners, the hanging plate can be installed according to the order of installation from bottom to top, the hanging groove of the hanging plate is installed on the hanging key of the column, and then Install the upper adjacent hanging plate, after the upper adjacent hanging plate is hung on the corresponding hanging key, make its lap joint overlap with the tongue and groove of the adjacent lower hanging plate, and then install it sequentially from bottom to top, several uprights The hanging panels in between are also installed sequentially from bottom to top, and the installation process becomes convenient and fast.

(2) The thermal insulation board is fixed on the inner side of the column and the hanging board, so the thermal insulation effect is better.

(3) Install and fix the safety protection net between the columns to play a good role in fixing and preventing theft.

(4) There is no need for plastering and decoration on the exterior wall, and it can be painted directly, which reduces the construction process and speeds up the construction.

To sum up, the present invention reduces the process of exterior wall construction, makes the operation simpler, speeds up the construction, reduces the input of manpower and material resources, and lowers the cost. The columns and hanging boards can be mass-produced, and the installation is convenient and fast. Compared with the previous external wall mode, the present invention has significant improvement, and therefore has good practical application value and social popularization significance.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of column, hanging key in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of column, hanging board, hanging key in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of upright column, hanging plate, hanging key in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of hanging board in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a column, a hanging plate, and a hanging key with fasteners and grooves in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of column, hanging plate, hanging key in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a column, a hanging board, and a hanging key with stiffeners and inner wall panels in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a top view state after the installation of the column, the hanging plate and the hanging key in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of a column, a hanging plate, and a hanging key with fixing holes and wedges in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The prefabricated building exterior wall of the present invention includes a load-bearing component and an enclosure plate arranged on the load-bearing component.

Figure 1 shows the load-bearing member, including a plurality of columns 1, each column 1 outer surface is fixed with a number of hanging keys 3 protruding outwards, the outer side of the column 1 is provided with a drip groove 6, the column 1 The two sides are respectively provided with grooves 11 that penetrate up and down;

Fig. 2, Fig. 4 show described fence, and fence is made up of many hanging boards 2, and hanging board 2 is hung on the hanging key 3 of column 1, and the inner side of hanging board 2 bottoms has the same shape as hanging key 3. Cooperating hanging groove 21, the outside of the top is provided with tongue and groove 22, and the bottom is the overlap joint 23 that cooperates with the tongue and groove 22 that bottom adjacent hanging plate is provided with on the outside of hanging groove 21.

The hanging key 3 has an inclined upper surface, the hanging groove 21 has an inclined contact surface matched with the inclined upper surface of the hanging key 3, the lower surface of the hanging key 3 is horizontally arranged, and the upper surface of the corresponding hanging plate 2 and the lower surface of the hanging key 3 The surfaces are parallel (see Fig. 2); there is a gap 24 between the overlapping groove 22 and the overlapping portion 23 of the adjacent hanging board 2, and the bottom surface of the overlapping portion 23 and the upper surface of the corresponding groove 22 are parallel to the horizontal plane set up;

The most basic prefabricated building exterior wall of the present invention can be formed by combining a plurality of hanging boards 2 through the hanging grooves 21 and the hanging keys 3 on the column 1, see Fig. 2 , Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 .

In order to combine the prefabricated building exterior wall of the present invention with the building, as shown in Figure 5, a fastener 8 is provided on the inner surface of the column 1, which is used to fix the column 1 on the steel structure or frame structure. Part 8 can be bolted or directly prefabricated in the concrete column 1;

The prefabricated building exterior wall of the present invention can also be further improved, as shown in Figure 7, can be provided with interior wall board 7 in the inner side of column 1, and interior wall board 7 can be the insulation layer that thermal insulation material is made, and the present invention assembles like this The outer wall of the type building has the effect of cold protection and heat preservation at the same time, and the energy-saving effect is better; in addition, reinforcing ribs 41 and 42 can be arranged in the column 1 and the hanging board 2 to increase the rigidity of the wall; as shown in Figure 8, adjacent columns 1 can also be provided with a safety protection net 9, when the hanging board 2 is damaged by external force, the safety protection net 9 can be used as a second barrier to play the role of safety and anti-theft; as shown in Figure 9, the hanging board 2 is located at Both sides of the column 1 are provided with a fixing device for horizontally fixing the hanging plate 2. The fixing device includes a fixing hole 31 provided on the inner surface of the hanging plate 2 and a wedge 32 matched with the fixing hole on the column 1, which can effectively prevent the lateral movement of the hanging plate 2 , the whole structure is stronger.

Another embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the above-mentioned embodiment. The difference is as shown in FIG. The lower surface of the key 3 is arranged parallel to the upper surface, and the upper surface of the corresponding hanging plate 2 is also parallel to the inclined lower surface of the hanging key 3; the bottom surface of the lap joint 23 and the upper surface of the corresponding tongue and groove 22 are downward Tilt setting.

In the present invention, the column 1 is made of concrete material or wood or stone or metal material, and the hanging board 2 is made of concrete material or wood or stone or metal or magnesite board; the outer surface of the hanging board 2 can also be provided with artistic decoration layer to further save the exterior wall decoration in the later stage of the building.

The prefabricated building exterior wall of the present invention can be assembled and constructed in the following steps:

(1), at first column 1 is fixed with the structural frame of building with fastener 8;

(2), then install the hanging board 2 according to the order of installation from bottom to top, install the hanging groove 21 of the bottom hanging board 2 on the hanging key 3 of the column 1, and then install the upper adjacent hanging board 2 successively, and the upper adjacent After the hanging plate 2 is hung on the corresponding hanging key 3, make its overlapping portion 23 overlap with the tongue and groove 22 of the adjacent lower piece of hanging plate 2, and install it sequentially from bottom to top in the same way. Several columns 1 The hanging boards 2 between are also installed sequentially according to the order from bottom to top;

(3), a fixed safety protection net 9 is installed between the columns;

(4), the inner wall panel 7 is fixed on the inner side of the column 1 .

Claims (14)

1. A prefabricated building exterior wall, comprising a load-bearing member and an enclosure plate arranged on the load-bearing member, characterized in that: the load-bearing member includes several columns (1), and the two sides of the column (1) are respectively There is a groove (11) that runs through up and down, and several hanging keys (3) protruding outwards are provided on the column (1); the enclosure includes several hanging boards (2), and the hanging The inner side of the bottom of the plate (2) has a hanging groove (21) matching the shape of the hanging key (3), and the outer side of the top of the hanging plate (2) is provided with a tongue and groove (22), and the hanging groove (21) The outer side has an overlapping portion (23) matching with the tongue and groove (22) provided on the lower adjacent hanging plate. 2. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hanging key (3) has an inclined upper surface, and the hanging groove (21) has an angle corresponding to the inclined upper surface of the hanging key (3). Fitted sloped contact surfaces. 3. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lower surface of the hanging key (3) is parallel to the upper surface of the hanging plate (2), and the lower surface of the hanging key (3) and the upper surface of the hanging board (2) are arranged horizontally or obliquely. 4. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 3, characterized in that there is a gap (24) between the tongue and groove (22) and the overlapping portion (23) of adjacent hanging boards (2), The bottom surface of the overlapping portion (23) is parallel to the upper surface of the corresponding tongue and groove (22), and is arranged horizontally or inclined downward. 5. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, characterized in that: an inner wall panel (7) is provided on the inner side of the column (1), and the inner wall panel (7) Including the insulation layer made of insulation material. 6. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 5, characterized in that: a safety protection net (9) is provided between the adjacent columns (1). 7. The prefabricated building exterior wall according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, characterized in that: the column (1), the hanging board (2), and the hanging key (3) are provided with Ribs (41, 42, 43). 8. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 7, characterized in that: a safety protection net (9) is provided between the adjacent columns (1). 9. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 8, characterized in that: the outer surface of the column (1) is provided with a drip groove (6). 10. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that: the inner side of the column (1) is provided with fasteners (8) for fixing the column (1). 11. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 10, characterized in that: the hanging board (2) is located on both sides of the column (1) and is provided with fixing devices for horizontally fixing the hanging board (2), and the fixing device It includes a fixing hole (31) provided on the inner surface of the hanging plate (2) and a wedge (32) matched with the fixing hole on the column (1). 12. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 11, characterized in that: the column (1) is made of concrete material or wood or stone or metal material, and the hanging board (2) is made of concrete material or wood Or made of stone or metal or magnesite board. 13. The exterior wall of a prefabricated building according to claim 12, characterized in that: the exterior surface of the hanging board (2) has an artistic decoration layer. 14. The construction method of the prefabricated building exterior wall described in claim 10, wherein the construction steps are: Step 1, fixing the column (1) on the steel structure or frame structure with fasteners (8); Step 2. Install the hanging board (2) in the order from bottom to top, install the hanging groove (21) of the bottom hanging board (2) on the hanging key (3) of the column (1), and then install the upper adjacent Hanging plate (2), after the upper adjacent hanging plate (2) is hung on the corresponding hanging key (3), make its lap joint (23) and the tongue and groove (22) of the adjacent next piece of hanging plate (2) Lap joints, and install sequentially from bottom to top in the same manner, and install hanging boards (2) between several columns (1) in the same sequence from bottom to top; Step 3, installing and fixing the safety protection net (9) between the columns (1); Step 4: Fix the inner wall panel (7) on the inner side of the column (1).

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