CN1983771B - Shock absorber and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Shock absorber and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1983771B CN1983771B CN2006101421728A CN200610142172A CN1983771B CN 1983771 B CN1983771 B CN 1983771B CN 2006101421728 A CN2006101421728 A CN 2006101421728A CN 200610142172 A CN200610142172 A CN 200610142172A CN 1983771 B CN1983771 B CN 1983771B
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- ring
- cadmium
- shock absorber
- sintering metal
- sizing
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
Abstract
低成本及环保消震器可通过简化的方法制成并易于定尺寸。该消震器包括压配在电动机旋转轴上的压配部分。该压配部分包括:由烧结材料制成的第一环件;设置在第一环件外侧上的第二环件,第二环件产生惯性质量;以及轴向整合在第一环件和第二环件上的防振件。
Low cost and environmentally friendly shock absorbers can be made and easily dimensioned by simplified methods. The shock absorber includes a press-fit portion that is press-fitted on the rotating shaft of the motor. The press-fit part comprises: a first ring made of sintered material; a second ring disposed on the outside of the first ring, the second ring generating an inertial mass; and an axially integrated joint between the first ring and the second ring. The anti-vibration part on the second ring part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is press fitted into the shock absorber on the motor rotation axis and makes this shock absorber
Background technology
In Japanese patent gazette 2004-28295 number, disclosed a kind of fixed frame type motor (for an example of motor).In this motor, the rotating shaft that is connected with motor is rotatably mounted by the support that a pair of tape spool holds.The shock absorber setting is provided at an end of rotating shaft, and it is positioned at the opposite side of outlet side to prevent motor vibration, restriction or to weaken its velocity perturbation and make it tranquil.Shock absorber has: cylindrical hub, and it press fit on the rotating shaft; Inertia disk, it is arranged on the outside of hub coaxially to give the motor inertia mass; And vibration-proof rubber spare, it is bonded on hub and the inertia dish by vulcanizing treatment.
If shock absorber is defeated with little being press-fitted and fitted on the rotating shaft, shock absorber can dally so; Join thereon if shock absorber is defeated with big being press-fitted, the runout and the destruction of axle can be taken place.Therefore, the id tolerance of the circularity of hub and hub must be limited in from a few μ m to tens μ m.For this reason, will by the cutting or casting metal material for example the ferroalloy of iron, brass and so on make hub.Under the situation of using the iron agglomerated material, should on hub, apply rust preventing medium as oily, adhesive in case get rusty.
Under the situation of the size of determining hub by cutting operation, can take a long time.Especially, the cutting speed of ferrous metal material is low.Therefore production cost must increase.
In addition, when using the ferrous metal material, must on hub, apply rust preventing medium.Therefore, increase treatment step quantity.And the circularity of hub can reduce owing to the tolerance of its internal diameter, so shock absorber can not be press-fitted with fixing power.
At present, the material that comprises cadmium uses and to be controlled to reduce environmental pressure.Perhaps, comprise that the parts that the brass of cadmium is made can be under an embargo.Therefore, if use the brass parts of no cadmium, production cost must increase much so.
When forming hub by cutting operation, hub forms has the cylindrical of smooth outer circumference surface.Therefore, being difficult to increases the bonding surface area, and this bonding surface will be bonded on the bonding surface of rubber parts.
In addition, if hub is made by agglomerated material, the oil and the machine work oil (machining oil) that are included in so in the metal dust that is used to bond will be easy to be retained in the hub, thereby causing being difficult to is bonded to the hub sulfuration on the rubber parts with high cohesive force.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to address the above problem.
Purpose of the present invention provides the shock absorber of the low and environmental protection of a kind of cost, and it can and be easy to sizing by the method production simplified, and can improve the bonding force of sulfuration bonding mutually between sintered part and the vibrationproof part.
Another purpose provides a kind of method of producing described shock absorber.
In order to reach these purposes, the present invention has following structure.
Be that shock absorber of the present invention comprises the press-fit portion that press fit on the motor rotation axis, and
Press-fit portion comprises:
First ring of making by sintered material;
Be arranged on second ring on first ring outside, second ring produces inertia mass; And
Axially be incorporated into the vibrationproof part on first ring and second ring.
In shock absorber, first ring can be made by iron burnt together material or cupric burnt together material.
In shock absorber, the bonding surface of first ring and vibrationproof part is rough surface or convex-concave surface.
The method of making shock absorber comprises the steps:
On the first ring external peripheral surface of making by agglomerated material and the second ring surface that is made of metal, apply rust preventing medium;
Coaxial first ring and second ring of being provided with in a mould;
Sulfuration first ring and second ring are to integrate first ring and second ring with the vibrationproof part in a closed mould.
In the method, first ring is made by following steps:
First sintering step, wherein in a mould heating and pressed metal powder to form ring-shaped sintered body;
Antirust step, wherein steam treatment sintered body;
The sizing step, this step was carried out before or after vulcanizing treatment at least, and coating machine processing oil on sintered body wherein is provided with sintered body and press forming correctly being the sintered body sizing in another mould; And
Second sintering step wherein heats the sintered body of sizing so that oil is removed under assigned temperature.
In the method, the sintered body of sizing heats under the boiling temperature of machine work oil, and this procedure of processing has been used to the sintered body sizing, or is used in the above second sintering step.
In shock absorber of the present invention town and production method thereof, the press-fit portion that press fit on the rotating shaft comprises first ring of being made by agglomerated material.First ring forms in a mould, thereby the accuracy to size of internal diameter, circularity etc. can be easy to improve.In addition, also can simplify the production method of shock absorber, and can low-costly produce shock absorber in batches.Even first ring is made by the iron agglomerated material, can be not in final the processing coating rust preventing medium and prevent the formation of iron rust by the steam treatment of antirust step.Owing to using no cadmium parts and can reducing production costs, so but production environment-friendly products.In addition, first ring forms in this mould so that the bonding surface of first ring does not need extra process just can form rough surface or convex-concave surface.Therefore, can increase the bonding surface area of first ring, to improve the cohesive force between first ring and the vibrationproof part.
Description of drawings
Embodiments of the invention will be described by example and with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the front view of stepping motor.
Fig. 2 is the rearview of stepping motor.
Fig. 3 is the plane graph of the first embodiment shock absorber.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view along the line A-A of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 A is the plane graph of the second embodiment hub.
Fig. 5 B is the right view of this hub.
Fig. 5 C is the cutaway view along the line E-E of 5A.
Fig. 6 A is the plane graph of the 3rd embodiment hub.
Fig. 6 B is the right view of this hub; And
Fig. 6 C is the cutaway view along the line F-F of Fig. 6 A.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention now are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Shock absorber of the present invention mainly is to press fit on the motor rotation axis and be used for absorption to vibrate.
In following examples, be used for for example driving the inner-rotor type stepping motor carriage photocopier scanner, that drive printer or that drive the feeder of printer and set forth as the example of motor with a kind of.
The profile of stepping motor is set forth with reference to Fig. 1.
In Fig. 1, rotor comprises the rotor core with the little tooth of rotor, and rotor and rotated together by the rotating shaft 1 that nonmagnetic substance is made.Stator comprises the stator core around rotor.Stator core comprises magnetic pole, and it correspondingly has the little tooth of stator towards the little tooth of rotor core rotor.Excitatory lead is looped around on the magnetic pole with insulating part.By with switching excitatory section energized being wrapped in the excitatory lead on the stator core magnetic pole, the little tooth spiral of the rotor of rotor core changes specified angle up to reaching settling position, and is stable with respect to the little tooth magnetic of corresponding stator at the little tooth of each settling position rotor.
Pair of brackets 2 and 3 usefulness bearings are supporting rotor rotatably, and they are axially disposed within the both sides of stator core and pass through screw thereon.Therefore stator core is clipped in the middle by support 2 and 3.Rotating shaft 1 break-through support 2, and be positioned at the installation surface side, and from wherein export-oriented outstanding.Torque transfer member (for example gear, pulley) is connected the protuberance of rotating shaft 1, and generator is installed in the installation surface (not shown).
In addition, rotating shaft 1 is outwards outstanding from after-poppet 3, and shock absorber 4 press fit over the rearward end of rotating shaft 1.In Fig. 1, the shock absorber of first embodiment comprises: first ring of being made by agglomerated material (hub) 5; Metal second ring (inertia dish) 6, it is arranged on the outside of first ring 5 to produce inertia mass; And vibrationproof part (rubber parts) 7, it makes ring 5 and 6 coaxial being integrated into one by sulfuration adhesion.Note, the press-fit portion of shock absorber 4 by ring 5 and 6 and vibrationproof part 7 form.
When motor start-up, the inertia dish 6 that is bonded on the hub 5 with rubber parts 7 rotates with rotating shaft 1.At that time, the rotation of the inertia dish 6 by providing inertia mass and produce the torque opposite with the direction of rotation of inertia dish 6 in rubber parts 7 is created in rotating shaft 1 vibration weakening on every side thereby can make.Owing to intermittently drive stepping motor, be easy to produce vibration in low regime and high velocity.Therefore, can suitably use shock absorber 4.
Then, this sintered body is made steam treatment to force to form oxide layer on the fusion surface.This oxide layer can prevent to get rusty.This step is antirust step.
Next, before or after steam treatment, machine work oil is coated on the sintered body at least, and sintered body is arranged in another mould and press forming thinks that sintered body correctly determines size.This step is the sizing step.Before steam treatment and in the shaping sizing step afterwards, can be in the first sizing step to sintered body sizing roughly, then sintered body can be in the second sizing step sizing accurately.Use machine work oil the sintered body of sizing to be separated from mould guaranteeing.Sintered body comprises that not only oil component (this oil component primitively is included in the dusty material of sintering) also comprises machine work oil.Therefore the sintered body of sizing should be before vulcanizing treatment degreasing or clean to improve cohesive force.
Therefore, the sintered body of sizing will the boiling temperature of machine work oil as 260 ℃ or above, be preferably 260-500 ℃ of heating down, so that oil is removed.This step is second sintering step.Note, if the sintered body of sizing 500 ℃ or above heating, by the oxide layer of the established hub 5 of steam treatment, will peel off so that lose rust-proof effect so.That is to say that suitable sintering temperature is between the boiling temperature of machine work oil and 500 ℃.
Inertia dish 6 is by steel disk, make as hot-rolled low carbon steel disk (SPHC).Preferred rubber parts 7 is made by the rubber with enough vibrationproof performances and oil preventing performance such as NBR, NR, VR, IIR, silicone rubber or EPDM.Hub 5 and the inertia dish 6 coaxial die surfaces that are arranged on, then that rubber parts 7 is disposed thereon again.Under this state, close and clamp this mould this mould is heated and suppress.By to this mold heated and compacting, hub 5 and inertia dish 6 sulfuration bondings, thus make shock absorber 4.
Then, will be described a kind of method of producing shock absorber 4, this shock absorber comprises hub 5 and the inertia dish of being made by agglomerated material 6.
At first, with hub 5 and 6 degreasings of inertia dish, then, the adhesive surface of hub 5 and inertia dish 6 is formed rough surface by blast cleaning.This step is the roughening step.For example the outer surface of the outer circumference surface of hub 5 and inertia dish 6 is roughened.
After carrying out the roughening step, hub 5 and inertia dish 6 cleaned once, on the outer surface of the outer circumference surface of hub 5 and inertia dish 6, apply cementing medium then.That is to say that with the cementing medium coating in its surface, bonding goes up rubber parts 7 in its surface.This step is the binding agent applying step.Next, with hub 5 and inertia dish 6 coaxial being arranged in this mould (not shown), and then rubber parts 7 is set therein.Under this state, close and clamp this mould this mould is heated and suppress.By to this mold heated and compacting, hub 5 and inertia dish 6 sulfuration bondings.This step is a vulcanisation step.Because the outer circumference surface of hub 5 has formed rough surface (convex-concave surface), just can increase the bond area that is bonded on the rubber parts 7, thereby improve cohesive force.According to the above step, can make shock absorber 4, wherein hub 5 is integrated into one with inertia dish 6 and rubber parts 7.Shock absorber 4 takes out from this mould, and the rotating shaft 1 of motor will press fit into the axial hole of hub 5.
In the shock absorber and production method of first embodiment, hub 5 forms by pressing operation, thereby can reduce the variation of dimensional accuracy (as id tolerance, circularity), has reduced production cost, and can produce shock absorber in batches.Even hub 5 is made by the iron agglomerated material, do not need the antirust processing that adds yet, just can prevent to get rusty by steam treatment.In addition, the rough surface (convex-concave surface) that the bonding surface of hub 5 (outer circumference surface) forms can increase bond area, thereby improves cohesive force.
The hub of other embodiment is shown in Fig. 5 A-5C and the 6A-6C.
The hub 5 of second embodiment is shown in Fig. 5 A-5C.Outstanding line 8 is formed on the bonding surface (outer circumference surface), and it will be bonding with vibrationproof part 7.
On the other hand, the hub 5 of the 3rd embodiment is shown in Fig. 6 A-6C.It is outstanding that line 8 is identical with second embodiment is formed on the bonding surface (outer circumference surface).In addition, the two sides of each outstanding line 8 are along the involute bending, to increase bond area.
By forming the convex-concave surface of outstanding line 8, can guarantee to prevent the idle running of vibrationproof part 7 with respect to hub 5.Give prominence to and depression, ledge or projection (for example outstanding line 8), it needs form on the whole circumference face.That is to say, can on periphery, form at least one ledge or projection.In addition, can form a pair of opposed facing projection and depression at least.
Notice that although stepping motor (for example PM type stepping motor, VR type stepping motor, HB type stepping motor) is in the above-described embodiments available, this motor has more than and is limited to stepping motor.The present invention may be used on multiple motor, for example brush motor, brushless motor.
The present invention can not depart from the spirit of its substantive characteristics and specifically implement with other particular form.Therefore think all embodiment here consider at described everyway it is illustrative and nonrestrictive, it is well-known that scope of the present invention is that appended claims rather than above stated specification are come, and all do not exceed the scope of coordinate of claims and the change of implication all should be comprised in wherein.
Claims (6)
1. a shock absorber comprises the press-fit portion that press fit on the motor rotation axis,
Wherein, described press-fit portion comprises:
One first ring, described first ring is made by the sintering metal of no cadmium;
One second ring, described second ring are arranged on described first ring outside, and described second ring produces inertia mass; And
One vibrationproof part, described vibrationproof part is integrated described first ring and described second ring coaxially by the sulfuration bonding.
2. shock absorber as claimed in claim 1,
It is characterized in that described first ring is made by iron sintering metal or copper sintering metal.
3. shock absorber as claimed in claim 1,
It is characterized in that the bonding surface of described first ring and described vibrationproof part is a rough surface.
4. method of making shock absorber,
Comprise the steps:
On the surface of the external peripheral surface of first ring of making by the sintering metal of no cadmium and second ring that is made of metal, apply rust preventing medium;
In a mould, come coaxial described first ring and described second ring of being provided with by the sulfuration bonding;
Described first ring of sulfuration and described second ring in the described mould that has sealed are integrated described first ring and described second ring thereby bond by sulfuration with the vibrationproof part.
5. method as claimed in claim 4,
It is characterized in that described first ring is made by following steps:
First sintering step, wherein in one first mould heating and pressed metal powder to form annular no cadmium sintering metal;
Antirust step, wherein steam treatment does not have the cadmium sintering metal;
The sizing step, this step was carried out before or after vulcanizing treatment at least, and wherein coating machine processing oil on no cadmium sintering metal is provided with no cadmium sintering metal and press forming correctly to serve as no cadmium sintering metal sizing in second mould; And
Second sintering step wherein heats the no cadmium sintering metal of sizing so that oil is removed under assigned temperature.
6. method as claimed in claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the no cadmium sintering metal of the described sizing of heating under 260-500 ℃ temperature, this heating-up temperature is the boiling temperature that is higher than machine work oil used in described sizing step.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005287997 | 2005-09-30 | ||
JP2005-287997 | 2005-09-30 | ||
JP2005287997 | 2005-09-30 | ||
JP2006237339A JP4673271B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-01 | Dynamic damper and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2006-237339 | 2006-09-01 | ||
JP2006237339 | 2006-09-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1983771A CN1983771A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
CN1983771B true CN1983771B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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CN2006101421728A Expired - Fee Related CN1983771B (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-29 | Shock absorber and manufacturing method thereof |
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JP (1) | JP4673271B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1983771B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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JP5185684B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2013-04-17 | オリンパスイメージング株式会社 | Driving device and imaging device |
JP5292236B2 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2013-09-18 | 不二ラテックス株式会社 | Damping damper for damping and damping structure of building structure |
JP2018096492A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | 有限会社グリテックスインターナショナルリミテッド | Rotary damper |
CN114986103B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-09-22 | 中裕铁信交通科技股份有限公司 | Processing technology of annular damper |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6450487B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-09-17 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Cylindrical dynamic damper exhibiting high bonding strength between mass member and elastic support members |
CN1629510A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-22 | 东海橡胶工业株式会社 | Dynamic damper |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5826402B2 (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1983-06-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Manufacturing method for iron-based sintered parts |
JPH0285543A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-27 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Dynamic damper |
JP2000018249A (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-18 | Hokushin Ind Inc | Vibration-proof sliding member |
JP3724266B2 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2005-12-07 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Pulley structure |
JP4106838B2 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2008-06-25 | 株式会社デンソー | Assembling method of power transmission device |
JP2003027108A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-01-29 | Yoshitsuka Seiki:Kk | Process and equipment for powder compaction |
JP4655178B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2011-03-23 | ソニー株式会社 | Motor unit and disk drive device |
JP2003253306A (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-10 | Kubota Corp | Method of manufacturing compression-plastically formed Al-Si alloy |
JP4196967B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2008-12-17 | 株式会社デンソー | Power transmission mechanism |
-
2006
- 2006-09-01 JP JP2006237339A patent/JP4673271B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 CN CN2006101421728A patent/CN1983771B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6450487B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-09-17 | Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Cylindrical dynamic damper exhibiting high bonding strength between mass member and elastic support members |
CN1629510A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-22 | 东海橡胶工业株式会社 | Dynamic damper |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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JP昭62-97075U 1987.06.20 |
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JP2007120754A (en) | 2007-05-17 |
CN1983771A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
JP4673271B2 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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