CN1953743B - 局部辅酶q10制剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1953743B CN1953743B CN2005800056260A CN200580005626A CN1953743B CN 1953743 B CN1953743 B CN 1953743B CN 2005800056260 A CN2005800056260 A CN 2005800056260A CN 200580005626 A CN200580005626 A CN 200580005626A CN 1953743 B CN1953743 B CN 1953743B
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Abstract
CoQ10局部制剂降低动物对象中的肿瘤生长速率。在本文所述实验中,显示CoQ10增加皮肤癌细胞而不是正常细胞的培养物中细胞凋亡的速率。此外,显示用CoQ10局部制剂处理负瘤动物显著降低动物中的肿瘤生长速率。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供含有辅酶Q10(CoQ10)的药物组合物和使用CoQ10治疗癌症、选择性降低癌细胞生长、诱导癌细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤介导的血管发生的方法。
背景技术
癌症目前是发达国家里死亡的主要原因之一。虽然近期研究已经大大增加了我们对肿瘤发生分子机理的很多了解并提供了癌症治疗的许多新方法,但对多数恶性肿瘤的标准疗法仍然是整体切除术,化疗,和放疗。虽然日趋成功,但每种这些疗法仍引起众多不受欢迎的副作用。例如,手术导致疼痛,对健康组织的外伤性损伤,以及疤痕。放疗和化疗引起恶心,免疫抑制,胃溃疡和继发性肿瘤发生。
发明内容
本发明涉及发现CoQ10的局部制剂能降低动物受试对象中肿瘤生长速率。在本文所述的实验中,显示CoQ10增加皮肤癌细胞而非正常细胞的培养物中细胞凋亡的速率。此外,显示用CoQ10局部制剂治疗负瘤动物显著降低动物中肿瘤生长的速率。
配制成用于口服递送的CoQ10已经被用作膳食补充剂。然而,口服施用的CoQ10被证明积累在肝脏——降低了它的系统利用度。与膳食补充剂形式的CoQ10相比,用局部施用CoQ10所观察到的抗肿瘤反应可能与它较高的生物利用度有关。
因此,本发明特征在于一种降低对象中肿瘤细胞生长速率或增加肿瘤细胞凋亡速率的方法。该方法包括提供具有很多肿瘤细胞的对象和向该对象施用含有效量CoQ10和药物接受载体的组合物的步骤。
另一方面,本发明特征在于含有效量CoQ10和制药接受载体的组合物。
在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物是CoQ10的局部制剂,它包括至少约0.01重量%直至30重量%(w/w)的CoQ10和适于局部递送CoQ10的载体。该药物组合物优选包含作为活性成分的CoQ10和制药接受的载体。该组合物包含:辅酶Q10,phospholipon 90,甘油,丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT),乙醇,中链甘油三酯(MCT),和薰衣草精。优选地,phospholipon 90是phospholipon90G和/或phospholipon 90H。
在一个优选实施方案中,该药物组合物包含至少约0.01%至约30%(w/w)的辅酶Q10。该药物组合物优选含有约1%至约25%(w/w)之间的辅酶Q10。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗癌症患者的方法,包括:
向需要的患者施用含治疗有效量的辅酶Q10的组合物;
使肿瘤细胞与该组合物接触导致肿瘤细胞裂解;
从而治疗该癌症患者。
该药物组合物优选包含至少约0.01%直至30%w/w的辅酶Q10,该药物组合物优选包含约1%至约25%w/w的辅酶Q10。
在另一个优选实施方案中,该药物组合物用任选的透皮增强剂配制为局部膏剂。
在另一些优选实施方案中,治疗有效量的辅酶Q10组合物与一种或多种化疗药一起被施用。这些化疗药可与辅酶Q10联合施用,或在其前或其后施用。化疗药的非限制性实施例包括,但不限于:环磷酰胺(CTX,25mg/kg/天,经口),紫杉醇类(太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)或多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)),白消安,顺铂,环磷酰胺,甲氨喋呤,柔红霉素,多柔比星,美法仑,克拉屈滨,长春新碱,长春碱,和苯丁酸氮芥。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述药物组合物,辅酶Q10组合物抑制对象中肿瘤细胞生长,且所述方法包括向该对象施用含治疗有效量的CoQ10的药物组合物。优选地,在所述药物组合物中辅酶Q10的治疗有效量在约0.01%和30%w/w辅酶Q10之间。抑制肿瘤细胞生长涉及一或多个以下影响:(1)在某种程度上抑制肿瘤生长,包括,(i)减慢和(ii)生长完全停滞;(2)肿瘤细胞数量减少;(3)维持肿瘤大小;(4)肿瘤大小缩小;(5)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止肿瘤细胞浸润周围器官;(6)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止转移;(7)增强抗肿瘤免疫应答,其可导致(i)维持肿瘤大小,(ii)缩小肿瘤大小,(iii)减慢肿瘤生长,(iv)减少,减慢或阻止侵袭和/或(8)某种程度上,减轻与该疾病相关的一或多种症状的严重程度或数目。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供一种选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的方法,该方法包括施用如标准测试测量的含辅酶Q10的药物组合物。该药物组合物优选包含至少约0.01%直至30%w/w的辅酶Q10。测量凋亡的方法包括但不限于线粒体膜染色测试和/或膜联蛋白-VPE测试。在一个优选实施方案中,当用线粒体膜染色测试和/或膜联蛋白-VPE测试测量时,该药物组合物诱导至少约30%肿瘤细胞凋亡。优选地,当用线粒体膜染色测试和/或膜联蛋白-VPE测试测量时,该药物组合物诱导至少约60%肿瘤细胞凋亡;更优选地,当用线粒体膜染色测试和/或膜联蛋白-VPE测试测量时,该药物组合物诱导约75%肿瘤细胞凋亡;更优选地,当用线粒体膜染色测试和/或膜联蛋白-VPE测试测量时,该药物组合物诱导约90%,91%,92%,93%,94%,95%,96%,97%,98%,99%和100%肿瘤细胞凋亡。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供抑制肿瘤中血管发生的方法,该方法包括使肿瘤与含辅酶Q10的药物组合物接触。优选地,该药物组合物含有至少约0.01%直至30%w/w的辅酶Q10。
本发明化合物的其它用途包括在治疗动脉硬化、炎症、和作为抗血管生成剂的用途,尤其是用于治疗癌症,特别是实体癌例如位于肺、乳房、肝、脑或其他组织中的癌。
除非另有限定,本文所用的全部技术术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。医学术语的通常理解的定义可见于Thomas LathropStedman,Stedman’s Medical Dictionary,Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins:Philadelphia,PA,2000。
本文提及的所有出版物,专利申请,专利和其他参考文献经整体引用并入本文。在有冲突时,将以本说明书,包括定义,为准。下文所讨论的具体实施方案仅是举例说明并不限于此。
本发明的其他方面由下文所述。
附图说明
本发明在所附权利要求中具体指出。可通过参考以下说明并结合附图更好的理解本发明上述的和进一步的益处,其中:
图1是一系列光学显微图,其显示CoQ10对体外培养的人黑素瘤细胞(SKMEL28)的影响。
图2显示CoQ10降低36小时体外培养的人黑素瘤细胞系(SKMEL28)的增殖。
图3显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人黑素瘤细胞系(SKMEL28)的增殖。
图4显示介质对照不降低48小时体外培养的人黑素瘤细胞系(SKMEL28)的增殖。
图5比较CoQ10对体外培养的人黑素瘤和新生儿成纤维细胞中细胞凋亡的影响。
图6显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的鳞状癌细胞增殖。
图7显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的新生儿成纤维细胞增殖。
图8显示CoQ10增加48小时体外培养的新生儿角质形成细胞增殖。
图9显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的乳腺癌细胞系(MCF-7)增殖。MCF-7细胞系表达WNT7B癌基因并含有Tx-4癌基因。
图10显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的乳腺癌细胞系(MCF-7)增殖。
图11是显示对照和用CoQ10局部制剂处理30天后的CoQ10处理小鼠中诱导肿瘤的照片。
图12是显示对照和用CoQ10局部制剂处理30天后的CoQ10处理小鼠中诱导肿瘤的照片。
图13是显示从对照和CoQ10处理小鼠中切除的肿瘤照片。
图14显示施用CoQ10对CoQ10处理小鼠或对照小鼠30天肿瘤大小的影响。对照组与处理组的平均肿瘤质量分别减少52.3%和54.0%。
图15是一系列显微照片,显示CoQ10对体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞(SK-BR-3)的影响。SK-BR-3细胞系过表达Her2/c-erb-2基因,基因产物(ATCC)。
图16显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(SK-BR-3)增殖。SK-BR-3细胞系过表达Her2/c-erb-2基因基因产物(ATCC)。
图17显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(SK-BR-3)增殖。SK-BR-3细胞系过表达Her2/c-erb-2基因基因产物(ATCC)。
图18显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(MDA-MB-468)增殖。MDA-MB-468细胞系在p53基因有突变(ATCC)。
图19显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(MDA-MB-468)增殖。MDA-MB-468细胞系在p53基因有突变(ATCC)。
图20显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(BT-20)增殖。BT-20细胞系表达WNT7B和WNT3癌基因(ATCC)。
图21显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞系(BT-20)增殖。BT-20细胞系表达WNT7BHE WNT3癌基因(ATCC)。
图22显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人肝细胞癌细胞系(Hep 3B)增殖。
图23显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人肝细胞癌细胞系(Hep 3B)增殖。
图24显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人骨肉瘤细胞系(143B)增殖。
图25显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人骨肉瘤细胞系(143B)增殖。
图26显示CoQ10降低48小时体外培养的人前列腺癌细胞系(PC-3)增殖。
图27显示CoQ10降低72小时体外培养的人前列腺癌细胞系(PC-3)增殖。
图28显示CoQ10对24小时体外培养的人前列腺癌细胞系(PC-3)的线粒体极化(凋亡指标)的影响。PC-3细胞培养物经0.05、0.1和0.2mM浓度Q10处理24小时,然后用JC-1以10微克/ml.处理30分钟。用流式细胞仪测量绿荧光的吸收和水平,FL1(绿色荧光)。注意:在0.2mM Q10处理的细胞(黄色图)中观察到绿荧光显著增加。
图29A和29B是照片,显示与缺少含CoQ10的组合物条件下的对照比较,含CoQ10的组合物(图29B)对组织中肿瘤介导的血管生成的抑制。
具体实施方式
本发明提供降低肿瘤细胞生长速率或增加肿瘤细胞凋亡速率的组合物及其方法。本发明的组合物包括作为抗肿瘤剂的治疗有效量的CoQ10和载体。本发明的一种优选组合物是一种CoQ10的局部制剂,包含至少约1%CoQ10和辅助CoQ10局部递送的载体。本发明的一种最优选组合物是一种CoQ10的局部制剂,包含约1%和15%之间的CoQ10和辅助CoQ10局部递送的载体。本发明杀死肿瘤细胞或降低其生长速率的方法包括使细胞与有效浓度CoQ10接触的步骤。
下文所述的优选实施方案举例说明这些组合物和方法的适用性。尽管如此,从这些实施方案的描述中,基于下文提供的描述可实现和/或实施本发明的其他方面。
在本发明公开和描述以前,应该理解,本发明不限于本文所公开的特定结构、处理步骤或材料,而应扩展到相关技术领域的普通技术人员所认可的其等同物。也应理解,本文所用的术语仅用作描述具体实施方案的目的,但并不打算限制于此。定义
依照本发明并如本文所使用的,下面的术语被定义为以下含意,除非另有明确说明。
如本文所使用的,“a”,“an”,和“the”包括其复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。
如本文所使用的,“制药接受的”组分是适用于人和/或动物而没有不适当的不利副作用(例如毒性、刺激和变态反应)并具有合理的收益/风险比例的成分。
如本文所使用的,术语“安全和治疗有效量”表示,当以本发明的方式使用时,足以产生期望的治疗反应而没有不适当的不利副作用(例如毒性、刺激和变态反应)并具有合理的收益/风险比的成分的量。“治疗上有效量”意思是指有效产生期望治疗反应的本发明化合物的量。 例如,有效延缓癌生长或引起癌,肉瘤或淋巴瘤,或缩小癌或阻止转移的量。具体的安全和有效量或治疗有效量将随一些因素而变化,例如具体治疗的疾病、患者身体状况、治疗的哺乳动物或动物的类型、治疗持续时间、同时治疗的本性(假如有)、及所用具体剂型和化合物或其衍生物的结构。
如本文所使用的,“药用盐”包括,但不限于,碱性物质如氨的矿物或有机酸盐;酸性物质如羧酸的碱或有机盐。优选地用有机或无机酸制备这些盐。这些优选的酸盐是氯化物,溴化物,硫酸盐,硝酸盐,磷酸盐,磺酸盐,甲酸盐,酒石酸盐,马来酸盐,苹果酸盐,柠檬酸盐,甲苯酸盐,水杨酸盐,抗坏血酸盐等等。最优选的盐是盐酸盐。
如本文所使用的,“癌”表示在哺乳动物中发现的所有类型的癌或新生物或恶性肿瘤,包括,但不限于:白血病,淋巴瘤,黑素瘤,癌瘤和肉瘤。在优选实施方案中,CoQ10组合物用于治疗各种类型的乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、骨癌。然而,使用CoQ10组合物的治疗不限于这些类型的癌。
癌的实例是脑癌,乳癌,胰癌,宫颈癌,结肠癌,头颈癌,肾癌,肺癌,非小细胞肺癌,黑素瘤癌,间皮瘤癌,卵巢癌,肉瘤癌,胃癌,子宫癌和成神经管细胞瘤癌。如本文所使用的,术语“癌”,“新生物”,和“瘤”,可互换并且以单数或复数形式使用,它们表示已经恶性转化的细胞,这种转化使得它们对宿主生物体是病理性的。通过公认的技术,特别是组织学检查,原发性癌细胞(即,从恶性转化位点附近获得的细胞)可以容易地与非癌细胞区别开。如本文所用,癌细胞的定义不仅包括原发癌细胞,还包括任何源自癌细胞祖先的细胞。这包括转移的癌细胞,和来自癌细胞的体外培养物及细胞系。当提到一种通常表现为实体瘤形式的癌时,“临床可检测的”肿瘤是一种可基于肿瘤实体而检测的肿瘤;例如,通过方法例如CAT扫描、MR成像、X-射线、超声波或触诊,和/或由于可从患者获得的样品中一或多种癌特异性抗原的表达而可以被检测到。
术语“肉瘤”通常表示由象胚胎结缔组织这样的物质组成的肿瘤以及通常由嵌入纤维状或均匀物质中的紧密堆积的细胞组成的肿瘤。可用本发明组合物和任选增效剂和/或化疗剂治疗的肉瘤的实施例包括,但不限于软骨肉瘤,纤维肉瘤,淋巴肉瘤,黑素肉瘤,粘液肉瘤,骨肉瘤,Abemethy's肉瘤,脂肪肉瘤(adipose sarcoma),脂肪肉瘤(liposarcoma),泡状软部肉瘤,成釉细胞肉瘤,葡萄状肉瘤,绿色肉瘤,绒膜癌,胚胎性肉瘤,维尔姆斯瘤肉瘤,子宫内膜肉瘤,间质性肉瘤,尤因肉瘤,筋膜肉瘤,成纤维细胞肉瘤,巨细胞肉瘤,粒细胞肉瘤,何杰金氏肉瘤,自发多发性有色出血性肉瘤,B细胞的免疫母细胞肉瘤,淋巴瘤,T细胞的免疫母细胞肉瘤,Jensen’s肉瘤,卡波西肉瘤,肝巨噬细胞肉瘤,血管肉瘤,白色肉瘤,恶性间叶瘤肉瘤,骨膜外肉瘤,网状细胞肉瘤,劳斯肉瘤,浆液囊性肉瘤,滑膜肉瘤,和毛细管扩张肉瘤。
所用术语“黑素瘤”意指由皮肤和其他器官的黑素细胞系统产生的肿瘤。可用本发明组合物和任选增效剂和/或另一种化疗剂治疗的黑素瘤包括,但不限于,例如,肢端雀斑样痣黑素瘤,无黑素性黑素瘤,良性青少年黑色素瘤,Cloudman′s黑素瘤,S91黑素瘤,哈-帕二氏黑素瘤,青少年黑素瘤,恶性雀斑样痣黑素瘤,恶性黑素瘤,结节性黑素瘤,甲下黑素瘤,和浅表扩散性黑素瘤。
术语“癌瘤”表示由上皮细胞构成的恶性新生长,趋向于浸润周围组织及产生转移。可用本发明组合物和任选增效剂和/或化疗剂治疗的癌瘤包括但不限于,例如,腺泡癌,腺泡状癌,腺囊癌,囊性腺样癌,腺瘤癌,肾上腺皮质癌,蜂窝状癌,肺泡细胞癌,基底细胞癌,carcinoma basocellulare,基底样癌,基底鳞状细胞癌,细支气管肺泡癌,支气管癌,支气管源性癌,髓样癌,胆管细胞癌,绒毛膜癌,胶样癌,粉刺癌,子宫体癌,筛状癌,胸廓癌,皮肤癌,柱状癌,柱状细胞癌,管癌,carcinoma durum,胚性癌,脑样癌,表皮样癌(epiermoid carcinoma),腺样上皮细胞癌,外生式癌,carcinoma ex ulcere,纤维癌,胶状癌,胶体癌,巨细胞癌,巨细胞癌(carcinoma gigantocellulare),腺癌,粒层细胞癌,毛囊基质癌,血样癌,肝细胞癌,Hurthle氏细胞癌,透明癌(hyline carcinoma),肾上腺样癌,幼稚型胚性癌,原位癌,表皮内癌,上皮内癌,Krompecher's癌,Kulchitzky细胞癌,大细胞癌,豆状癌,豆状癌(carcinoma lenticulare),脂肪瘤癌,淋巴上皮癌,髓样癌,髓样癌(medullary carcinoma),黑色素癌,软癌,粘液癌,粘液癌(carcinoma muciparum),粘液细胞癌,粘液表皮样癌,粘液癌(carcinoma mucosum),粘液癌(mucous carcinoma),粘液瘤样癌,鼻咽癌,燕麦细胞癌,骨化性癌,骨样癌,乳突状癌,门静脉周癌,浸润前癌,棘细胞癌,软糊状癌(pultaceous carcinoma),肾的肾细胞癌,储备细胞癌,肉瘤性癌,Schneiderian癌,硬癌(scirrhous carcinoma),阴囊癌,印戒细胞癌,单纯癌,小细胞癌,马铃薯状癌,球状细胞癌,梭状细胞癌,海绵体癌,鳞状癌,鳞状细胞癌,绳捆癌,毛细血管性癌,毛细血管性癌(carcinoma telangiectodes),移行细胞癌,结节性癌(carcinoma tubersum),结节性癌(tuberous carcinoma),疣状癌,绒毛状癌。
可用本发明组合物治疗的另外的癌包括,例如何杰金氏病,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,神经母细胞瘤,乳癌,卵巢癌,肺癌,横纹肌肉瘤,原发性血小板增多症,原发性巨球蛋白血症,小细胞肺肿瘤,原发性脑肿瘤,胃癌,结肠癌,恶性胰腺脑岛瘤,恶性类癌,膀胱癌,癌变前皮肤损伤,睾丸癌,淋巴瘤,甲状腺癌,神经母细胞瘤,食管癌,泌尿生殖道癌,恶性血钙过多,宫颈癌,子宫内膜癌,肾上腺皮质癌,和前列腺癌。
“诊断”意指鉴别病理状况的存在和本性。诊断方法在灵敏度和特异性上不同。诊断测试的“灵敏度”是检测阳性的患病个体百分比(“真阳性”百分比)。没被检验出的患病个体是“假阴性”。没患病且测试中检测为阴性的对象被称为“真阴性”。诊断测试的“特异性”是1减假阳性率,其中“假阳性”率被定义为检测阳性的非患病对象的比例。尽管特定的诊断方法不一定提供疾病的明确诊断,如果该方法提供帮助诊断的阳性指标就足够了。
术语“患者”或“个体”在本文中可互换使用,并表示待治疗的哺乳动物对象,以人患者为优选。有些情况下,本发明的方法发现在实验动物、兽医应用、和开发疾病的动物模型中的用途,包括,但不限于,啮齿动物和灵长类动物,所述啮齿动物包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠。
“样品”以其最广泛的意义用于本文。包括多核苷酸、多肽、肽和抗体等的样品可以包含体液,细胞制备物的可溶性部分、或细胞生长介质,从细胞分离或提取的染色体、细胞器或膜;在溶液中或结合到培养基上的基因组DNA、RNA或cDNA、多肽或肽,细胞,组织,组织印迹(tissue print),指纹、皮肤或毛发等等。
“治疗”是意图阻止疾病发生或改变其病理或症状而进行的干预。因此,“治疗”涉及治疗性治疗和预防性或防止性措施。需要治疗的对象包括已经有疾病的对象以及需要预防疾病的对象。在肿瘤(例如癌症)治疗中,治疗剂可以直接降低肿瘤细胞病理,或使肿瘤细胞对其他治疗剂的治疗更敏感,例如,放疗和/或化疗。如本文所用,“改善”或“治疗”涉及趋向正常化值(例如在健康患者或个体内获得的值)的症状,例如,当用常规统计学检验确定时,与正常化值的差异少于50%,优选与正常化值的差异少于约25%,更优选与正常化值的差异少于10%,以及还更优选的与正常化值没有显著差异。例如,“治疗癌症”或“肿瘤细胞”,涉及以下影响的一个或更多:(1)在某种程度上抑制肿瘤生长,包括,(i)减慢和(ii)生长完全停滞;(2)肿瘤细胞数量减少;(3)维持肿瘤大小;(4)肿瘤大小缩小;(5)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止肿瘤细胞浸润周围器官;(6)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止转移;(7)增强抗肿瘤免疫应答,其可导致(i)维持肿瘤大小,(ii)缩小肿瘤大小,(iii)减慢肿瘤生长,(iv)减少,减慢或阻止侵袭和/或(8)某种程度上,减轻与该疾病相关的一或多种症状的严重程度或数目。
正如本文所使用的,“改善的症状”或“已治疗的症状”表示趋向正常化值的症状,例如,当用常规统计学检验确定时,与标准化值的差异少于50%,优选与标准化值的差异少于约25%,更优选与标准化值的差异少于10%,以及还更优选的与标准化值没有显著差异。
“趋化因子”是参与细胞迁移和活化并在炎症反应中起作用的小细胞因子,所述细胞包括吞噬细胞和淋巴细胞。
“细胞因子”是细胞产生的蛋白质,通过细胞因子影响的其它细胞表面的“细胞因子受体”而影响细胞行为。由淋巴细胞产生的细胞因子有时被称作“淋巴因子”。细胞因子也根据特征被分为I型(例如IL-2和IFN-γ)和II型(例如IL-4和IL-10)。
术语“调节”,意指任何提及的活动,例如,增加、增强、增加、激动(作为激动剂起作用)、促进、减少、降低、抑制、阻断、或拮抗(作为激动剂起作用)。调节可以使活性增加超过基线值多于1倍、2倍、3倍、5倍、10倍、100倍等。调节还能使活性减少到基线值以下。
如本文所用,术语“对肿瘤细胞有选择性的”涉及所述辅酶Q10药物组合物的作用,例如抑制肿瘤生长,细胞凋亡,抗血管生成作用,并且当施用于正常细胞时这些作用不能被检测到,这正如以下实施例详细描述。
CoQ10组合物
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗癌症的CoQ10组合物。该组合物优选包含至少约1%到约25%w/w的CoQ10,更优选约1%到约20%w/w之间的CoQ10。在下面实施例部分描述的代表性实施方案中,CoQ10的局部制剂被施用于负瘤动物皮肤上以降低肿瘤生长速率。CoQ10可以粉末形式以任意适合数量(例如,1 kg)从Pure Prescriptions(San Diego,CA)获得。可以使用任何合适的载体递送含CoQ10的组合物。例如,脂质体可作为载体使用。脂质体制剂的一个实例具有以下组成:Phospholipon 90G(American Lechitin,Stanford,CT)、Phospholipon 90H(American Lechitin,Stanford,CT)、甘油、丁化羟基甲苯(BHT)、乙醇、中链甘油三酯(MCT),薰衣草精(Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)和辅酶Q10(Pure Prescriptions,San Diego,CA)。制备该制剂的方法的一个实例要求首先将10g Phospholipon 90H、5gPhospholipon 90G、与1.5g中链甘油三酯、0.3g BHT和9ml乙醇在75℃溶解。接着,将12g辅酶Q10溶解到混合物中。加入用氮饱和水制备的65ml 1mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.2)、13.3g甘油和50μL薰衣草精。在高速混合器中以12,000RPM混合上述混合物成膏状。膏状物在4℃储存直至使用。
对象
因为来自许多不同物种的对象具有肿瘤并且易得肿瘤,所以本发明可兼容许多类型的动物对象。这些动物的不完全的实例清单包括哺乳动物例如小鼠、大鼠、兔、山羊、绵羊、猪、马、牛、狗、猫和灵长类动物例如猴、猿和人。那些已知患有皮肤癌的动物对象优选用于本发明。尤其是,患有皮肤癌或其他肿瘤的人类患者是适用于本发明的动物对象。通过将本文教导的方法与医学和兽医科学中已知的其它方法相适应(例如,根据动物对象的体重调整施用物质的剂量),本发明使用的组合物可容易的优化以供其他动物使用。
药物组合物以及向研究对象施用
在一个优选实施方案中,局部施用含CoQ10的组合物。优选提供活性成分,即CoQ10,作为药物制剂。组合物实例将详细描述于以下实施例。对于局部施用,活性成分可以包括最终产物中制剂重量的0.001%至约20%w/w,尽管其可以包含多达制剂的30%w/w,优选约1%至约20%w/w。本发明的局部制剂,包括活性成分连同其一或多种可接受载体和任选的任何其他治疗成分。载体必须是“可接受的”,意思是与制剂的其他成分兼容并对其接受者是无害的。
本发明组合物既可以通过其自身施用于患者,也可以混有适合的载体或赋形剂的药物组合物的形式施用。在表现出相关疾病的患者的治疗中,施用治疗有效量的药剂,例如这些。治疗有效剂量表示导致患者症状改善或延长生存的组合物的量。
这些化合物的毒性和治疗功效可通过标准药学方法在细胞培养或实验动物中来测定,例如测定LD50(群体中50%致死的剂量)和ED50(群体中50%治疗有效的剂量)。毒性和治疗效果之间的剂量比率是治疗指数并且可被表示成比率LD50/ED50。表现出大的治疗指数的化合物是优选的。从这些细胞培养测试和动物研究中获得的数据可用于设计一系列供人类使用的剂量。这些化合物的剂量优选处于包括ED50而很少或没有毒性的循环浓度范围内。根据所用的剂量形式和所利用的给药途径,剂量可以在此范围内变化。
对用于本发明方法的任何化合物,治疗有效剂量可以从细胞培养测试中作初步估计。例如,剂量可以配制成在动物模型中达到这样的循环血浆浓度范围,该范围包括细胞培养中测定的IC50。可使用这些信息更精确的测定用于人的剂量。可以测量血浆水平,例如通过HPLC。
具体制剂、给药途径和剂量可由医生个人视患者的状况选定(例如见Fingl etal.,inThe Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,1975,Ch.1 p.1)。应该注意的是主治医生将知道由于毒性或由于器官机能障碍应怎样以及何时停止、中断或调整给药。相反地,如果临床反应不足(排除毒性),主治医生也将知道调整治疗到更高水平。感兴趣的致癌疾病治疗中施用剂量的大小将随待治疗疾病的严重程度和施用途径而变化。例如疾病的严重程度可部分地通过标准预测评估法估计。此外,剂量以及可能剂量频率也将根据年龄、体重和个体患者反应而变化。与以上讨论相应的程序可以用于兽医学中。
根据治疗的具体疾病,可以配制这些药剂并系统性或局部性给药。制剂和给药技术可见于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,18thed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.(1990)。合适的途径可以包括口、直肠、透皮、阴道、跨黏膜或肠给药;胃肠道外递送,包括肌肉内、皮下、髓内注射、以及胸内、直接心室内、静脉内、腹膜内、鼻内或眼内注射,仅仅列举一些。
上述组合物可以任何合适的剂型施用于对象。除了用CoQ10的局部制剂治疗癌症外,在本发明的其他方面CoQ10可通过其他方法给药。例如,CoQ10可被配制为胃肠道外给药,例如,皮下、静脉内、肌肉内或肿瘤内注射。可以使用其他递送方法,例如,脂质体递送或从充有该组合物的装置中扩散。该组合物可以单次推注,多次注射,或通过连续输液(例如,静脉内的或通过腹膜透析)给药。对于胃肠道外给药,组合物优选配制成无菌无热源形式。通过简单地向含有细胞的液体中加入组合物,本发明组合物也能体外施用于细胞(例如,在体外培养中诱导癌细胞凋亡)。
根据治疗的具体疾病,可以配制这些药剂并系统性或局部性给药。制剂和给药技术可见于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,18thed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.(1990)。合适的途径可以包括口、直肠、透皮、阴道、跨黏膜或肠给药;胃肠道外递送,包括肌肉内、皮下、髓内注射、以及胸内、直接心室内、静脉内、腹膜内、鼻内或眼内注射,仅仅列举一些。
对于注射,本发明的药剂可以配制于水溶液中,优选生理相容的缓冲液例如Hanks’s溶液,Ringer’s溶液,或生理盐水缓冲液。对于跨粘膜给药,制剂中使用待渗透屏障适合的渗透剂。这些渗透剂为本领域所公知。
使用药学接受的载体配制本文公开用于实施本发明的组合物为适于系统给药的剂量是在本发明范围内。适当选择载体和合适的制造规范,本发明组合物,尤其是配制成溶液的本发明组合物,可以胃肠道外给药,例如通过静脉内注射。该化合物可使用本领域技术人员公知的药学接受的载体容易地配制成适合口服的剂量。为了由待治疗患者经口摄入,这些载体能使本发明化合物配制成片、丸、胶囊、液体、凝胶、糖浆、浆(slurries)、悬液等等。
意欲细胞内施用的药剂可使用本领域普通技术人员熟知的技术施用。例如,这些药剂可包裹入脂质体中,然后按上述方法给药。脂质体是具有水性内部的球形脂质双层。在脂质体形成时存在于水溶液中的所有分子结合入所述水性内部。脂质体内容物既被保护免受外部微环境影响,又因为脂质体与细胞膜溶合而被有效递送到细胞质内。此外,由于它们的疏水性,小的有机分子可以直接细胞内施用。
适用于本发明的药物组合物包括这种组合物,其中含有能达到其预期目的的有效量的活性成分。例如,见图14。有效量的确定是在本领域技术人员能力范围内,尤其是根据本文所提供的详细公开。除了活性成分,这些药物组合物也可含有包括赋形剂和辅助剂的合适的药物接受载体,其帮助将活性化合物加工成可药用的制剂。配制为口服施用的制剂可以是片、糖衣丸、胶囊或溶液的形式。本发明药物组合物可用已知方式制造,例如,依靠常规混合、溶解、制粒、制糖衣、悬浮、乳化、胶囊化、俘获(entrapping)或冻干工艺。
适合于局部施用的制剂包括适于透过皮肤到达所需治疗部位的液体或半液体的制剂,例如擦剂、洗剂、霜(cream)、膏(ointment)或糊,以及适合施用于眼、耳或鼻的滴剂。根据本发明的滴剂可以包含无菌水或油溶液或悬液,并可以通过溶解活性成分于杀菌和/或杀真菌剂和/或任何其他合适防腐剂的合适水溶液中而制备,并优选包括表面活性剂。然后可以通过过滤澄清并灭菌所得溶液并以无菌技术移入容器内。适合于滴剂内含物的杀菌和杀真菌剂的实例是硝酸或醋酸苯汞(0.002%)、苯扎氯胺(0.01%)和醋酸洗必泰(0.01%)。适合于油溶液制剂的溶剂包括甘油,稀释醇和丙二醇。
根据本发明的洗剂包括那些适合应用于皮肤或眼的制剂。眼洗剂可以包括任选含杀菌剂的无菌水溶液,并可以通过类似于制备滴剂的那些方法制备。应用于皮肤的洗剂或擦剂也可以包括加速干燥和冷却皮肤的试剂,例如酒精或丙酮,和/或润湿剂例如甘油或象海狸油或花生油之类的油。
根据本发明的霜、膏或糊是用于外部施用的活性成分的半固体制剂。在合适的机器帮助下,以油脂性或非油脂性为基础,将细分的或粉末形式的活性成分,单独或以溶液或悬液,混合入水或非水性流体中。该基础可以包含烃例如硬、软或液体石蜡,甘油,蜂蜡,金属皂;粘胶;天然来源的油例如杏仁、玉米、花生、海貍或橄榄油;羊毛脂或其衍生物,或脂肪酸例如硬脂酸或油酸以及醇如丙二醇或macrogel。该制剂可以掺入任何合适的表面活性剂例如阴离子、阳离子或非离子性表面活性剂例如失水山梨醇酯或其聚氧乙烯衍生物。也可以包括助悬剂如天然胶、纤维素衍生物或无机物例如silicaceous硅胶,和其它成分如羊毛脂(lanolin)。
用于胃肠道外给药的药物组合物包括水溶形式活性化合物的水溶液。此外,活性化合物的悬液可以制备成适当的油性注射悬液。合适的亲脂性溶剂或介质包括脂肪油例如芝麻油,或合成的脂肪酸酯,例如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯,或脂质体。水性注射悬液可以包含增加悬液粘性的物质,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇或右旋糖苷。任选地,悬液还可以包含合适的稳定剂或增加化合物溶解性的试剂以允许制备高浓缩溶液。
可通过组合活性组合物与固体赋形剂,任选地,在加入合适的助剂后,如果需要,研磨所得混合物,并加工混合物颗粒,以获得片剂或糖衣丸核心,从而获得口服使用的药物制剂。合适的赋形剂是,特别是,填充剂如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或山梨糖;纤维素制剂如,例如,玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、稻米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。如果需要,可以加入崩解剂,例如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、或海藻酸或其盐例如海藻酸钠。
向糖衣丸核心提供合适的包衣。为此目的,可以使用浓缩糖溶液,其任选地可以包含阿拉伯树胶、滑石粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、carbopol凝胶、聚乙二醇、和/或二氧化钛、漆溶液,和合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。为识别或特征化活性化合物剂量的不同组合,染料或颜料可加入到片剂或糖衣包衣中。
可口服使用的药物制剂包括由明胶制成的推入配合式胶囊,以及由凝胶和增塑剂如甘油或山梨醇制成的软、密封胶囊。推入配合式胶囊可包含与填充剂如乳糖、粘合剂如淀粉和/或润滑剂如滑石粉或硬脂酸镁和任选地稳定剂混合的活性成分。在软胶囊中,活性化合物可溶解或悬于合适的液体中,例如脂肪油、液体石蜡或液态聚乙二醇。此外,可加入稳定剂。
如果期望,组合物可包括缓冲体系。选择缓冲体系以维持或缓冲组合物的pH在期望的范围内。如本文所使用的术语“缓冲体系”或“缓冲液”表示溶质试剂,在水溶液中,当向其中加入酸或碱时,其可稳定该溶液避免pH(或氢离子浓度或活性)大的变化。溶质试剂从而负责阻止或pH由起始缓冲pH值在上文所指示范围内变化,这些溶质试剂是公知的。尽管存在无数合适的缓冲液,一水合磷酸钾是优选缓冲液。
药物组合物的最终pH值可在生理相容范围内变化。必要地,最终pH值不刺激人的皮肤并且优选辅助活性化合物即CoQ10的透皮肤运输。不破坏此限制,可选择pH值以提高CoQ10化合物的稳定性及需要时调整其浓度。在一实施方案中,优选pH值为约3.0到约7.4,更优选地约3.0到约6.5,最优选地约3.5到约6.0。
对于优选的局部给药介质,组合物的剩余成分是水,其必须经纯化,例如,去离子水。基于组合物的总重,这些递送介质组合物包含水的范围在超过约50%至约95%。水的具体存在量不是关键的,然而,可以调节水含量以获得期望粘度(通常约50 cps到约10,000 cps)和/或其他成分的浓度。局部给药介质优选具有至少约30厘泊的粘度。
也可使用其他已知的透皮皮肤渗透增强剂以辅助CoQ10的递送。比如亚砜例如二甲亚砜(DMSO)等等;环酰胺例如1-十二烷基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮(AzoneTM,NelsonReserch,Inc.的注册商标)等等;酰胺例如N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)N,N-二乙基甲苯酰胺,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N,N-二甲基辛酰胺,N,N-二甲基癸酰胺等等;吡咯烷酮衍生物例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,2-吡咯烷酮,2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸,N-(2-羟乙基)-2-吡咯烷酮或其脂肪酸酯,1-月桂基-4-甲氧羰基-2-吡咯烷酮,N-牛脂烷基吡咯烷酮等等;多羟基化合物例如丙二醇,乙二醇,聚乙二醇,二丙二醇,甘油,己三醇等等;直链和支链脂肪酸例如油酸,亚油酸,月桂酸,戊酸,庚酸,己酸,肉豆蔻酸,异戊酸,新戊酸(neopentanoic),三甲基己酸,异硬脂酸等等;醇类例如乙醇,丙醇,丁醇,辛醇,油醇(oleyl),十八烷醇(stearyl),亚麻油醇(linoleyl)等等;阴离子表面活性剂例如月桂酸钠,月桂基硫酸钠等等;阳离子表面活性剂例如苯扎氯铵,十二烷基三甲基氯化铵,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵等等;非离子表面活性剂例如丙氧基聚氧乙烯醚,例如,Poloxamer 231,Poloxamer 182,Poloxamer 184等等,乙氧基脂肪酸例如Tween 20,Myrj 45等等,失水山梨醇衍生物例如Tween 40,Tween 60,Tween 80,Span 60等等,乙氧基化醇例如聚氧乙烯(4)月桂醚(Brij 30),聚氧乙烯(2)油醚(Brij 93)等等,卵磷脂和卵磷脂衍生物等等;萜类例如D-柠檬烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒈烯,α-萜品醇,香草醇(carvol),香芹酮(carvone),薄荷酮,柠檬烯氧化物,α-蒎烯氧化物,桉树油等等。
同样适合作为皮肤渗透增强剂的是有机酸和酯例如水杨酸,水杨酸甲酯,柠檬酸,琥珀酸等等。
血管发生和血管发生依赖性疾病
如本文所使用的,术语“血管生成抑制”或“抗血管生成”包括血管发生,意思是指使新血管形成的程度、量或速率降低的作用。使组织中内皮细胞增殖或迁移的程度、量或速率降低的作用是抑制血管发生的具体实例。
术语“血管生成抑制性组合物”涉及含CoQ10的组合物,其抑制肿瘤介导的血管发生过程例如内皮细胞迁移、增殖、管形成,且随后导致抑制从现有血管产生新血管,从而抑制血管发生依赖性疾病,例如,肿瘤介导的血管发生。例如见图29A和29B,其中,与缺乏任何CoQ10的对照组织比较,含CoQ10的组合物抑制组织中肿瘤介导的血管发生。含CoQ10的组合物被详细描述于以下实施例。
如本文所用,术语“血管发生依赖性疾病”意指血管发生或血管生成过程支持或增加病理状况的疾病。尤其是,血管发生依赖性疾病涉及肿瘤介导的血管发生。
血管发生是从已有的毛细管或后毛细管小静脉形成新血管。血管生成是由于从作为内皮细胞前体的成血管细胞形成新血管。两种过程都导致新血管形成并包含在术语血管发生依赖性疾病含义内。相似地,如本文所使用的术语“血管发生”意思包括血管全新形成,例如源于血管生成,以及那些源于现存动脉、毛细管和小静脉的分支和芽支的血管形成。
血管发生,包括血管生成,是重要的生理过程,没有它胚胎发育及伤口愈合将不会发生。然而,作为向受影响组织内的细胞提供充足的血液和营养供应的手段,血管发生也不适当地参与众多病理状况。这些病理状况中有很多涉及异常的细胞增殖或调控。血管发生被认为对其有重要影响的这些状况在本文中被称为血管发生依赖性疾病。然而,本发明的方法也能有益的被用来抑制与正常生理过程相关的血管发生。例如,抑制与月经周期相关的血管发生可预防性用作有效的节育方法。因此,以下参考血管发生依赖性疾病治疗的说明也可应用于抑制正常血管发生反应,其中存在预防或治疗性需要或有益。
血管发生依赖性疾病包括,例如,炎症性疾病例如免疫或非免疫炎症、类风湿性关节炎、慢性关节风湿症和牛皮癣;与不适宜的或不合适的血管入侵有关的疾病例如糖尿病性视网膜病、新生血管性青光眼、早产儿视网膜病、视网膜黄斑变性、角膜移植排斥、晶状体纤维增生、虹膜发红、动脉粥样硬化斑块中的毛细管增生和骨质疏松症;以及癌症相关的疾病,包括例如,实体瘤、肿瘤转移、血液中肿瘤例如白血病、血管纤维瘤、卡波西肉瘤、良性肿瘤例如血管瘤、听神经瘤、纤维神经瘤、沙眼和化脓性肉芽肿,以及需要新血管形成来支持肿瘤生长的其它癌症。血管发生依赖性疾病的其它实例包括,例如,Osler-Webber综合症;心肌血管发生;斑块新血管形成;毛细管扩张;血友病性关节和创伤性肉芽。在其中血管发生对病理状态的维持或发展起作用的其他疾病是为本领域技术人员所知的,并且相似地包含在本文所用术语的含义内。优选地,血管发生介导的疾病是指肿瘤诱导的血管发生。
血管发生抑制活性的体外生物学测试
可以在几个体外测试系统中检测本发明的CoQ10化合物的血管发生抑制活性,这是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。内皮细胞,例如,人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)或人微血管内皮细胞(HMVEC)可以制备或商业获得,以2×105细胞/mL的浓度与纤维蛋白原(5mg/mL)的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)按1∶1(v/v)比例混合。加入凝血酶(5单位/mL终浓度)并且混合物立即转入24孔板(每孔0.5 mL)。允许形成纤维蛋白胶,然后与测试化合物一起将血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF2)(各自以5ng/mL终浓度)加入孔内,如以下实施例所述。细胞在37℃、5%CO2下培养4天,其间计数每个孔中的细胞,并按圆形、长形无分支、长形有一个分支、或长形有2个或多个分支进行分类。对每个化合物浓度,结果表示为5个不同孔的平均数。典型地,在血管发生抑制剂存在下,细胞保持圆形或形成未分化的管(例如,0或1个分支)。这种测试在本领域被认为可预测体内血管发生效力(或血管发生抑制活性)(Grant etal.,InVitro Cell Dev.Biol.27A:327-336(1991);Min etal.,Cancer Res.56:2428-2433(1996))。
在一种替代测试中,当在MatrigelTM基质包被的培养板上培养内皮细胞时可观察到内皮细胞管形成,MatrigelTM基质包被培养板可从Becton Dickinson of Bedford,Pa.(Schnaper etal.,J.Cell.Physiol. 165:107-118(1995))商业获得。将内皮细胞(1×104细胞/孔)转移到MatrigelTM基质包被的24孔培养板上,48小时后对管形成进行定量。通过与内皮细胞同时或在其后的不同时间点加入抑制剂来测试抑制剂。
该测试通过向内皮细胞提呈特定类型的基底膜来模拟血管发生,基底膜即迁移和分化的内皮细胞预期可能首先遇到的基质层。除了结合生长因子以外,MatrigelTM基质(和在基底膜原位)中发现的基质成分或其蛋白水解产物也可以刺激内皮细胞管形成,其使得此模型可作为纤维蛋白凝胶血管发生模型的补充。
此外,本发明化合物的血管发生活性可通过鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)测试来评估(Oikawa et al.,Cancer Lett.59:57-66(1991))。
联合疗法
本发明的CoQ10治疗组合物可与一般用于治疗患者表现的特定肿瘤、疾病或障碍的任何其他方法相结合。只要已知特定治疗方法对患者状况本身是无害的,而且不明显抵消CoQ10组合物治疗,则其与本发明的结合是可以考虑的。
在实体瘤治疗中,本发明可与传统方法例如外科手术、放疗、化疗等联合使用。因此本发明提供了联合疗法,其中CoQ10治疗组合物与外科手术或放射治疗同时、在其前或其后使用;或与传统化疗剂、放疗剂或其他抗血管发生剂、或靶向免疫毒素或共凝集配体(coaguligand)治疗同时、在其前或其后施用于患者。
也可考虑将联合疗法用于其他血管疾病。其中一个具体实例是良性前列腺增生(BPH),其可用CoQ10组合物联合本领域目前实行的其他疗法进行治疗。例如,免疫毒素靶向定位于BPH内的标志物,如PSA。
当一或多种药剂与CoQ10组合物联合使用时,不要求联合结果是分别进行每种疗法时所观察作用的累加。尽管一般期望至少是累加作用,但是超出一种单独治疗的任何增加的抗肿瘤作用都是有益的。同样,也不特别要求联合治疗表现出协同效应,虽然这的确是可能的并且是有益的。
为了进行联合抗肿瘤治疗,可与另一种抗癌剂联合以有效方式向动物施用CoQ10组合物构造物,所述方式可在动物体内有效导致联合抗肿瘤作用。因此将提供有效量的制剂并持续有效的持续时间,以导致它们联合存在于肿瘤脉管系统中并在肿瘤环境中联合发挥作用。为了达到此目标,CoQ10组合物和其他抗癌剂可同时施用于动物,或以单一组合物、或用不同给药途径作为两种不同的组合物。
作为替代,CoQ10组合物介导的治疗可在第二种抗癌剂治疗之前或之后,例如,间隔可以是几分钟到几周范围。在某些实施方案中,抗癌剂和CoQ10组合物分别施用于动物,确保显著持续时间不短于两次给药之间的时间间隔,使得抗癌剂和CoQ10组合物仍能向肿瘤施加有益的联合作用。在此情况下,可以考虑将肿瘤与两种制剂在约5分钟至约一周内接触,并且更优选地在约12-72小时内,最优选延迟时间仅约12-48小时。
在癌症治疗中一般性使用物质组合是公知的。例如,美国专利No.5,710,134(经引用并入本文)公开了与无毒性物质或“前药”联合使用的诱导肿瘤坏死的成分。坏死过程释放的酶把无毒的“前药”切割为有毒的“药”,其导致肿瘤细胞死亡。另外,美国专利No.5,747,469(经引用并入本文)公开了编码p53的病毒载体和DNA破坏剂的联合使用。任何这样的相似方法可与本发明一起使用。
有些情况下,甚至期望显著延长治疗时间,其中在各次给药之间间隔几天(2、3、4、5、6或7)、几周(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)或甚至几个月(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)。这在有些情况下是有利的,在这种情况下一种治疗意图实质性破坏肿瘤,例如CoQ10组合物治疗,而另一种治疗意图微转移或肿瘤再生长,例如施用抗肿瘤剂。
也可以考虑利用多于一次施用CoQ10组合物或另一种抗癌剂。CoQ10组合物和抗癌剂可以隔若干天或周交替施用;或者可以给予一系列CoQ10组合物治疗,随后给予一系列抗癌剂治疗。无论如何,为了用联合疗法来实现肿瘤退化,所必须的是以联合的有效发挥抗肿瘤作用的量递送这两种药剂,而无论何时施用。
在外科手术方面,任何外科介入可与本发明结合使用。关于放疗,可以考虑诱导局限于肿瘤细胞内DNA损伤的任何机制,例如γ-照射、X-射线、UV-照射、微波甚至电子发射等等。也可以考虑定向递送放射性同位素至肿瘤细胞,并且这可与靶向抗体或其他靶向手段联合使用。
细胞因子治疗也已经被证明是联合疗法的有效伙伴。多种细胞因子可在该联合方法中施用。细胞因子的实例包括IL-1α,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-9,IL-10,IL-11,IL-12,IL-13,TGF-β,GM-CSF, M-CS F,G-CS F,TNFα,TNFβ,LAF, TCGF,BCGF, TRF,BAF, BDG MP,LI F,OSM,TMF, PDG F,IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-γ。遵照临床指征如患者病况和细胞因子的相对毒性,根据标准方案施用细胞因子。子宫珠蛋白(uteroglobins)也可用于阻止或抑制转移(美国专利No.5,696,092;经引用并入本文)。
CoQ10组合物和联合化疗
在某些实施方案中,本发明的CoQ10组合物可与另一化疗剂联合施用。不考虑背后的机制,多种化疗剂可用于本文所公开的联合治疗方法中。治疗剂可包括,例如,化疗剂比如,环磷酰胺(CTX,25mg/kg/天,口服)、紫杉醇类(太平洋紫杉醇或多烯紫杉醇)、白消安、顺铂、甲氨喋呤、环磷酰胺、柔红霉素、多柔比星、美法仑、克拉屈滨、长春新碱、长春碱、苯丁酸氮芥、他莫西芬(tamoxifen)、紫杉醇、依托泊苷(etoposide(VP-16))、阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)、喜树碱、放线菌素-D、丝裂霉素C、顺铂(CDDP)、A-4磷酰胆碱类(combretastatin)及其衍生物和前药。
正如将被本领域普通技术人员所理解的,化疗剂的适当剂量通常大约为那些已经用于临床治疗的剂量,其中化疗制剂被单独施用或与其他化疗制剂联合施用。仅作为举例,可以使用药剂例如顺铂、和其他DNA烷化剂。顺铂已经被广泛用于治疗癌症,临床应用中使用的有效剂量20mg/m2,每三周5天,总共三个疗程。顺铂不能口服吸收,因此必须通过静脉内、皮下、肿瘤内或腹膜内注射给药。
进一步有用的药剂包括干扰DNA复制、有丝分裂和染色体分离的化合物。这些化疗化合物包括阿霉素,也称为多柔比星(doxorubicin),依托泊苷(etoposide),维拉帕米(verapamil),鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)等等。广泛用于临床治疗新生物时,这些化合物通过静脉推注法给药,剂量范围从阿霉素的25-75mg/m2间隔21天,到静脉注射依托泊苷35-50mg/m2或口服双倍静脉内注射的剂量。
也可以使用干扰多核苷酸前体合成及保真度的药剂。特别有用的药剂是已经接受过广泛检测并容易获得的药剂。如此,新生物组织优先使用药剂如5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),使该药剂特别可用于靶向新生物的细胞。尽管非常毒,5-氟尿嘧啶,可应用于广泛范围的载体,包括局部的,然而通常使用静脉给药,剂量范围是从3到15 mg/kg/天。
对于可用于和CoQ10组合物联合治疗中的其它化疗剂的非限制性实例,技术人员可以参考“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”第15版,33章,尤其是624-652页。根据待治疗对象的病况,剂量的一些变化将必然发生。负责用药的医生将能决定对于个体治疗对象的合适剂量。
抗血管发生
术语“血管发生”涉及新血管的产生,这一般在组织或器官内。在正常生理条件下,人和动物仅在非常特殊的受限情况下经历血管发生。例如,通常在伤口愈合,胎儿和胚胎发育及黄体、子宫内膜和胎盘形成时观察到血管发生。不受控制的(持续的和/或无节制的)血管发生与多种疾病状态有关,并出现于肿瘤生长和转移中。
受控制的和不受控制的血管发生都被认为以相似的方式进行。被基底膜包围的内皮细胞和外皮细胞形成毛细血管。血管发生从基底膜被内皮细胞和白细胞释放的酶侵蚀开始。内皮细胞,其排列于血管内腔表面,然后穿过基底膜伸出。血管发生刺激物诱导内皮细胞迁移通过受侵蚀的基底膜。迁移细胞形成“芽”脱离母体血管,在此内皮细胞经历有丝分裂和增殖。内皮细胞芽彼此融合形成毛细环,从而产生新血管。
当持续的、无节制的血管发生出现于肿瘤生长和转移中时,本发明的治疗方法可与任何一种或多种“抗血管发生”疗法结合使用。可以和联合治疗结合使用的抗血管发生剂的实例列于表1。列于其中的每种药剂都是示例性的而决不限于此。
表1血管发生的抑制剂和负调节因子<u>物质</u>血管生成抑素(Angiostatin)内皮抑素(Endostatin)16 kDa催乳素片段层粘连蛋白肽纤维粘连蛋白肽(Fibronectin peptides)组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP 1,2,3,4)血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1,-2)肿瘤坏死疽因子-α(高剂量,体外)TGF-β1干扰素(IFN-a,-β,γ) |
ELR-CXC趋化因子:IL-12;SDF-1;MIG;血小板因子4(PF-4)IP-10血小板反应蛋白(TSP)SPARC2-甲氧基雌二醇增殖素相关蛋白苏拉明(Suramin)沙力度胺(Thalidomide)可的松烟曲霉素(AGM-1470;TNP-470)他莫西芬韩槲寄生提取物(Viscum album coloratum)类维生素ACM101地塞米松白血病抑制因子(LIF) |
用于抑制血管发生的一种优选成分是被称为“血管生成抑素”的一种蛋白。该成分公开于美国专利Nos.5,776,704;5,639,725和5,733,876,分别经引用并入本文。当通过还原性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定时,血管生成抑素是分子量在约38 kD和约45 kD之间的蛋白,其大约含血纤维蛋白溶酶原分子的Kringle区1至4。血管生成抑素一般具有基本类似于完整的小鼠血纤维蛋白溶酶原分子从第98位氨基酸开始的小鼠血纤维蛋白溶酶原片段的氨基酸序列。
血管生成抑素的氨基酸序列在物种间有轻微变化。例如,在人血管生成抑素中,氨基酸序列与上述小鼠血纤维蛋白溶酶原片段的序列基本相似,虽然有活性的人血管生成抑素序列可以开始于完整的人血纤维蛋白溶酶原氨基酸序列的第97或99位氨基酸。此外,可以使用人血纤维蛋白溶酶原,因为在小鼠肿瘤模型中显示其具有相似的抗血管发生活性。
某些抗血管发生疗法已经被证明引起肿瘤退化,并且血管生成抑素就是这样一种药剂。内皮抑素,是胶原蛋白XVIII的一个20 kDa的COOH-端片段,细菌多糖CM101、和抗体LM609,它们也具有血管发生抑制活性。然而,根据它们的其他特性,它们被称为抗血管生成治疗剂或肿瘤血管毒素,因为它们不仅抑制血管发生,还通过大多不明确的机制启动肿瘤血管的破坏。它们与本发明的结合可以清楚的预见到。
血管生成抑素和内皮抑素已经成为研究热点,因为它们是第一个已经在小鼠中证实不仅能抑制肿瘤生长还能引起肿瘤退化的血管发生抑制剂。有多种蛋白酶已经被证明可以从血纤维蛋白溶酶原产生血管生成抑素,包括弹性蛋白酶、巨噬细胞金属弹性蛋白酶(MME)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrilysin(MMP-7))和92 kDa明胶酶B/IV型胶原酶(MMP-9)。
MME能在肿瘤中从血纤维蛋白溶酶原产生血管生成抑素并且粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GMCSF)通过巨噬细胞诱导产生血管生成抑素来上调MME的表达。MME在血管生成抑素产生中的作用由发现MME由发现MME试剂上在来自患者的肝细胞癌临床样品中表达而被支持。被认为能产生血管生成抑素的另一蛋白酶是基质分解素-1(MMP-3)。MMP-3已经被证明在体外从血纤维蛋白溶酶原产生血管生成抑素样片段。
CM101是一种细菌多糖,其已经被很好表征能诱导肿瘤内新生血管炎症。CM101结合并交联脱分化内皮细胞上表达的受体,刺激补体系统的活化。它也引发细胞因子驱动的选择性靶向肿瘤的炎症反应。它是下调VEGF及其受体表达的抗病理性血管发生剂。
血小板反应蛋白(TSP-1)和血小板因子4(PF4)也可与本发明联合使用。这两个都是与肝素相关的血管发生抑制剂并且发现于血小板α-颗粒中。TSP-1是450 kDa的大分子多结构域糖蛋白,它是细胞外基质的成分。TSP-1结合发现于细胞外基质中的很多蛋白聚糖分子,包括HSPG、纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白和不同类型的胶原。TSP-1体外抑制内皮细胞迁移和增殖及体内抑制血管发生。TSP-1也能抑制转化的内皮细胞的恶性表型和肿瘤发生。已经表明肿瘤抑制基因p53直接调节TSP-1表达,所以p53活性丧失引起TSP-1生成急剧减少并伴随肿瘤引发血管发生的增加。
PF4是一个70aa蛋白,它是趋化因子CXC ELR-家族成员,其能有效的体外抑制内皮细胞增殖和体内抑制血管发生。肿瘤内给予或通过腺病毒载体递送PF4能引起肿瘤生长抑制。
干扰素和金属蛋白酶抑制剂是可与本发明结合的另外两种天然的血管发生抑制剂。干扰素的内皮抑制活性已于20世纪80年代初期被知道,然而,其抑制机制仍不明确。已知它们能够抑制内皮细胞迁移并且的确具有某些体内血管发生抑制活性,该活性可能由抑制肿瘤细胞产生血管发生促进剂的能力介导。血管肿瘤尤其对干扰素敏感,例如,增殖中的血管瘤可用IFNa治疗。
金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMPs)是基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)的一个天然抑制剂家族,其也能抑制血管发生并能与本发明结合用于联合治疗方案。MMP在血管发生过程中起关键作用,因为它们能降解基质,当扩展或重构脉管网络时,内皮细胞和成纤维细胞通过这种过程迁移。实际上,可能就此目的,MMP的一个成员MMP-2,已被证明通过整合素αvβ3与活化的内皮结合。如果这种相互作用被MMP-2片段破坏,那么血管发生被下调并且肿瘤生长被抑制。
存在许多抑制血管发生的药剂,其中任何一种或多种可与本发明联合使用。这些药剂包括AGM-1470/TNP-470、沙力度胺和羧基氨基咪唑(CAI)。在1990年,发现烟曲霉素是有效的血管发生抑制剂,此后已经研发了烟曲霉素合成衍生物,AGM-1470和TNP-470。这两种药物都能体外抑制内皮细胞增殖和体内抑制血管发生。TNP-470已经在人体临床试验中被广泛研究,数据显示长期施用是最理想的。
沙力度胺最初被用作镇静剂但被发现是一种很强的致畸剂而被废止。在1994年,发现沙力度胺是一种血管发生抑制剂。当前在临床试验中沙利度胺被用作抗癌剂以及用于治疗眼血管病。
羧基氨基咪唑是血管新生的一种小分子量合成抑制剂,其作为钙通道阻滞剂起作用,其阻止肌动蛋白重新组织、内皮细胞迁移和在胶原IV上铺展。在生理可达到浓度下羧基氨基咪唑抑制新血管形成并且癌症患者口服时对其有很好的耐受。CAI临床试验中中已经发现,49%的治疗前具有进行性疾病的肿瘤患者疾病被稳定。
已经表明,在肝素或肝素片段存在下,可的松通过阻断内皮细胞增殖来抑制小鼠体内肿瘤生长。涉及类固醇和肝素的另外抑制作用的机制还不清楚,尽管认为肝素可以增加内皮细胞吸收类固醇。这种混合物已经显示增加对新形成的毛细管下面的基底膜溶解,这也是对另外的血管抑制作用的可能解释。肝素--皮质醇共轭物也具有强效的体内血管抑制和肿瘤抑制作用活性。
进一步的特异性血管发生抑制剂,包括,但不限于,抗侵袭因子(Anti-Invasive Factor)、视黄酸和太平洋紫杉醇(美国专利No.5,716,981,经引用并入本文);AGM-1470(Ingber etal.,Nature,48:555-557 1990,经引用并入本文);鲨鱼软骨提取物(美国专利No.5,618,925,经引用并入本文);阴离子聚酰胺或聚脲寡聚物(美国专利No.5,593,664,经引用并入本文);羟吲哚衍生物(美国专利No.5,576,330,经引用并入本文);雌二醇衍生物(美国专利No.5,504,074,经引用并入本文)和噻唑嘧啶衍生物(美国专利No.5,599,813,经引用并入本文)也被考虑作为与本发明联合使用的血管发生抑制组合物。
包含αvβ3整合素的拮抗剂的组合物也可与本发明联合用于抑制血管发生。正如美国专利No.5,766,591所公开的(经引用并入本文),含RGD的多肽及其盐,包括环状多肽,是αvβ3整合素拮抗剂的合适实例。
抗αvβ3整合素的抗体LM609也诱导肿瘤退化。整合素αvβ3拮抗剂,例如LM609,诱导血管发生性内皮细胞凋亡留下不受影响的静息血管。LM609或其他αvβ3拮抗剂也可以通过抑制αvβ3和MMP-2的相互作用起作用,MMP-2是一种蛋白水解酶,被认为在内皮细胞和成纤维细胞迁移中起重要作用。
在此情况下血管发生性内皮细胞的凋亡可以对脉管网络的其余部分具有级联效应。实际上,抑制肿瘤血管网络不再对肿瘤的扩张信号完全应答,可以引发该网络的部分或全部破坏,导致肿瘤细胞死亡及瘤体消失。内皮抑素和血管生成抑素可能也以相同方式起作用。LM609不影响静息血管但能引起肿瘤退化这一事实强烈表明为了获得抗肿瘤作用不是肿瘤内所有血管需要靶向治疗。
非靶向的促血管生成素(angiopoietin),例如促血管生成素-2,也可与本发明联合使用。多种调节剂的血管形成作用涉及一种与血管生成抑素-2连接的自分泌环。因此促血管生成素-2、促血管生成素-1、促血管生成素-3和促血管生成素-4与本发明的联合可以被考虑。基于通过Tie2受体来改变信号传递的其他治疗介入方法也可与本发明联合使用,例如使用能阻断Tie2活化的可溶性Tie2受体(Lin etal.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,95(15):8829-34,1998)。使用重组腺病毒基因疗法递送这种构建体已被证明在治疗癌症和减少转移方面是有效的(Lin etal.,1998)。
CoQ10组合物及与凋亡诱导剂的联合疗法
CoQ10组合物疗法也可以与诱导肿瘤内任何细胞凋亡的治疗方法结合,所述细胞包括肿瘤细胞和肿瘤血管内皮细胞。虽然作为它们作用机制的一部分,很多抗癌剂可能具有凋亡诱导作用,但已经发现某些药剂,它们被设计或选择具有这作为其主要机制,如下所述。
许多癌基因已被描述其可抑制凋亡或程序性细胞死亡。此类癌基因的实例包括,但不限于,bcr-abl,bcl-2(不同于bcl-1,cyclin D1;GenBank登记号M14745,X06487;美国专利No.5,650,491;和5,539,094,各自经引用并入本文),并且家族成员包括Bcl-xl、Mcl-1、Bak、A1、A20。bcl-2的过度表达被首先发现于T细胞淋巴瘤。bcl-2作为癌基因通过结合并灭活Bax起作用,Bax是一种凋亡途径中的蛋白质。抑制bcl-2功能阻止Bax灭活,并允许凋亡途径继续进行。因此,抑制此类癌基因,例如,用反义核苷酸序列,被考虑用于本发明中多个方面,其中期望增强细胞凋亡(美国专利Nos.5,650,491;5,539,094;和5,583,034;每个经引用并入本文)。
许多形式的癌被报道具有肿瘤抑制基因的突变,例如p53。p53失活导致促进细胞凋亡失败。由于这种失败,癌细胞发展形成肿瘤,而不是被定向细胞死亡。因此提供肿瘤抑制基因也被考虑用于本发明中以刺激细胞死亡。肿瘤抑制基因的实例包括,但不限于,p53、视网膜母细胞瘤基因(Rb)、Wilm’s肿瘤(WT1)、bax alpha、白细胞介素-1β-转化酶及其家族、MEN-1基因、1型神经纤维瘤病(NF1)、cdk抑制因子p16、结肠直肠癌基因(DCC)、家族性腺瘤性息肉病基因(FAP)、多发性肿瘤抑制基因(MTS-1)、BRCA1和BRCA2。
优选使用的是p53(美国专利Nos.5,747,469;5,677,178;和5,756,455;每个经引用并入本文)、视网膜母细胞瘤、BRCA1(美国专利Nos.5,750,400;5,654,155;5,710,001;5,756,294;5,709,999;5,693,473;5,753,441;5,622,829;和5,747,282;每个经引用并入本文)、MEN-1(GenBank登记号U93236)和腺病毒E1A(美国专利Nos.5,776,743;经引用并入本文)基因。
其他可使用的组合物包括编码肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体被称为TRAIL的基因以及TRAIL多肽(美国专利No.5,763,223;经引用并入本文);美国专利No.5,605,826 (经引用并入本文)中的24 kD凋亡相关蛋白酶;Fas相关因子1,FAF1(美国专利No.5,750,653;经引用并入本文)。在本发明的这些方面还可以考虑的是提供白细胞介素-1β-转化酶和家族成员,其被报告刺激细胞凋亡。
化合物例如喹诺酮衍生物(美国专利Nos.5,672,603;和5,464,833;每个经引用并入本文);带分支的致凋亡(apogenic)肽(美国专利No.5,591,717;经引用并入本文);磷酸化酪氨酸抑制剂和不可水解的磷酸化酪氨酸类似物(美国专利Nos.5,565,491;和5,693,627;每个经引用并入本文);RXR维甲类受体激动剂(美国专利No.5,399,586;经引用并入本文);甚至抗氧化剂(美国专利No.5,571,523;经引用并入本文)也可使用。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如染料木黄酮,也可与靶向细胞表面受体的配体相连(美国专利No.5,587,459;经引用并入本文)。
有效量
上述组合物组优选以有效量施用于对象。有效量是能在治疗动物或细胞中产生预期结果的量(例如,在动物或培养物中诱导凋亡或妨碍其有丝分裂)。如医学和兽医领域所熟知的,用于任何一个动物的剂量取决于许多因素,包括具体动物的大小、体表面积、年龄、待施用的具体组合物、施用时间和路径、一般健康状况以及同时施用的其他药物。预期本发明组合物局部施用的合适剂量在约1.5-4.0mg CoQ10/kg体重范围内(例如,对于110-300lbs范围内的对象200mg)。对培养物中细胞的有效使用量也将是变化的,但能根据经验迅速决定(例如,向细胞中加入不同浓度的组合物,并选择产生最好预期结果的浓度)。预期的合适浓度在约5-200μM范围内。
抑制癌细胞生长的方法
本发明提供了抑制肿瘤细胞生长或增加肿瘤细胞凋亡速率的方法。该方法包括将肿瘤细胞与含有充分量CoQ10的组合物接触以杀死肿瘤细胞或至少阻碍其有丝分裂的步骤。该方法可用于抑制众多类型癌性肿瘤细胞的生长。辅酶Q10已经被测试并证明有效抗黑素瘤、鳞状癌和乳腺癌细胞。辅酶Q10也被预期可有效抗其他癌症,尤其是那些来源于上皮、间充质、和造血起源的癌。
任何合适的CoQ10制剂能用于本发明的方法。典型的制剂是不同浓度CoQ10的局部脂质体制剂。除了局部施用,含CoQ10的制剂可通过注射施用于对象(例如,IP、IV、IM、SQ)。
在体外降低肿瘤细胞生长速率或提高肿瘤细胞凋亡速率的方法中,CoQ10溶解于2-丙醇接着稀释于期望的介质中(如下面实施例1所述)。在体内降低肿瘤细胞生长速率或提高肿瘤细胞凋亡速率的方法中,含CoQ10的霜每天局部施用于目标部位直至发生肿瘤退化(如实施例2和3所述)。在另一种体内方法中,含CoQ10的制剂通过注射施用于对象(例如,IP、IV、IM、SQ)。
施用本文所述CoQ10组合物,即含有约1%到约25%辅酶Q10的组合物,所表现的抑制肿瘤细胞生长,涉及一种或多种以下结果:(1)在某种程度上抑制肿瘤生长,包括,(i)减慢和(ii)生长完全停滞;(2)肿瘤细胞数量减少;(3)维持肿瘤大小;(4)肿瘤大小缩小;(5)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止肿瘤细胞浸润周围器官;(6)抑制,包括(i)减少、(ii)减慢或(iii)完全阻止转移;(7)增强抗肿瘤免疫应答,其可导致(i)维持肿瘤大小,(ii)缩小肿瘤大小,(iii)减慢肿瘤生长,(iv)减少,减慢或阻止侵袭和/或(8)某种程度上,减轻与该疾病相关的一或多种症状的严重程度或数目。
在优选实施方案中,辅酶Q10组合物的施用导致被抑制的肿瘤细胞的一种或多种表现型。例如,抑制肿瘤生长,减小肿瘤大小,抑制转移,肿瘤细胞数量减少等等。肿瘤细胞的这些表现型的每种可使用标准测试测量,例如,成像、机械测量、体外测试等等。
试剂盒及制剂
本发明还提供减少对象中肿瘤生长速率的试剂盒。本发明的试剂盒包括含CoQ10和药物可接受载体的组合物以及使用该组合物来减少对象中肿瘤生长速率的印刷说明书。
活性成分可以固体、半固体或液体形式存在。固体形式包括例如,粉末、颗粒和薄片。半固体形式包括,例如,凝胶、霜、明胶和膏。本发明所包含的这些和其他活性剂对本技术领域普通技术人员是已知的,并且在多数情况下,可以从供应商经商业获得,例如从Compound Solutions,Inc.,Escondido,CA.。本发明所包含的这些和其他活性和无活性剂的信息,及其商业供应商可从多种行业手册中获得,最特别地,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences、United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)、NationalFormulary(NF)、Merck Index、Physician’s Desk Reference(PDR)和ChemicalAbstracts。
本发明的试剂盒一般也含有至少一种无活性剂。如本文所用,无活性剂是不对施用的对象提供任何治疗利益的药剂。相反,无活性剂能以许多其他方式起作用例如提供能使活性剂溶解或悬浮的基础,稀释活性剂以提供合适的施用剂量,辅助活性剂溶解或悬浮,或取出最终复合悬液中气泡从而防止活性剂氧化。在本发明的一些实施方案中,试剂盒缺少无活性剂,而是含有两种或更多种活性剂。
基础剂例如霜、油、凝胶或膏适合于局部或栓剂施用。选择合适的无活性基础剂用于本发明试剂盒中取决于待复合的活性剂。合适的基础剂已为普通技术人员所知。作为替代,做决定时可以参考Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Physician’s DeskReference(PDR)或如上所列的其他手册。
无活性基础剂或成分的实例包括,例如,羊毛脂、亲水膏、白膏、黄膏、聚乙二醇软膏、凡士林、亲水凡士林、白凡士林、玫瑰水软膏、鲨烯、氢化植物油(Type II)、超声凝胶、聚醚卵磷脂有机凝胶(PLO)凝胶、霜。
本文所用术语“凡士林”意指凡士林软膏、凡士林凝胶或凡士林霜,所有这些都可商业获得。本领域普通技术人员能很好地确定哪种形式的凡士林对特定的试剂盒最适合。
可商业获得的超声基础可以是POLYSONICTM超声液也可以是Aquasonic超声100凝胶,它们由Parker Laboratories,Inc.制造(Fairfield,N.J.),或EcoGel 100或EcoGel 200,它们由Eco-Med(Mississauga,Ontario,Canada)制造,其组成可以包括十六醇、液态石蜡、聚合物、表面活性剂、防腐剂例如抑菌浓度的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、芳香剂、和反渗透水。如本文所用,凝胶是一种比液体具有更高粘度的基础。POLYSONICTM超声液和EcoGel 100的物理性质包括pH值范围6.5-7.0、密度1.04g/cm3、粘度35,000-70,000 cps和声阻1.60(105g/cm2 sec)。除了它们的粘度是80,000-110,000 cps之外,Aquasonic超声100凝胶和EcoGel 200的物理性质与POLYSONICTM超声液及EcoGel 100的物理性质相似。这些液体和凝胶可以以澄清、无色形式或以蓝色形式获得。
液体基础被推荐用于口服药物。在本发明的一些实施方案中,提供至少一种活性剂,例如CoQ10,它(们)已经与无活性剂共同混合。它们的实例包括氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝(以MAALOXTM(氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝)商业获得)与盐酸苯海拉明(以BENADRYLTM(盐酸苯海拉明)商业获得)的组合。作为活性剂和无活性剂的组合,MAALOXTM(氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝)和BENADRYLTM(盐酸苯海拉明)由各自制造商供应。
无菌基础溶液优选用于胃肠道外给药(即,注射)、气雾剂(即,吸入药)和眼部给药途径。所述给药可以是,例如,静脉内、腹膜内、肌肉内、腔内、皮下或透皮。胃肠道外给药的制剂包括无菌水或非水溶液、悬液和乳液。复合的药物,优选意图经胃肠道外、吸入或眼部途径给药的药物,可以在药物接受的无活性剂中制备和给药。如本文所用,药物接受的载体意指不干涉活性剂生物活性效力并且与组织或机体等生物体系兼容的无毒性材料。对于体内施用,生理接受的载体必须是无菌的。药物接受的载体包括稀释剂、填充剂、盐、缓冲剂、稳定剂、增溶剂和本技术领域熟知的其它材料。载体特性取决于给药途径。通常,药物接受的药剂或载体为本领域普通技术人员所熟知。在一些实施方案中,合适的无菌溶液包括沙丁胺醇和异丙阿托品吸入溶液;罂粟碱、酚妥拉明和前列腺素注射溶液;柠檬酸芬太尼注射溶液和环孢霉素滴眼剂。
非水溶剂的实例是丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油如橄榄油,可注射有机酯如油酸乙酯(ethyloliate)。水性载体包括水、醇性/水性溶液、乳液或悬液,包括盐水和缓冲介质。胃肠道外载体包括氯化钠溶液、林格氏葡萄糖、葡萄糖和氯化钠、乳酸化林格氏溶液或不挥发性油。静脉内载体包括流体和营养补充剂、电解质补充剂、(例如那些基于林格氏葡萄糖溶液的)等等。防腐剂和其他添加剂也可存在,例如,抗菌剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂和惰性气体等等。本技术领域技术人员能容易地决定制备这些替代性药物组合物的各种参数而不用采取过度的实验。
无活性剂也可以包括起保持复合制剂完整性作用的成分。这后一种类型的无活性剂包括,例如,消泡剂。消泡剂起到排除陷入组合物中不期望空气的作用,它们可能是在混合或搅拌过程中混入的。使用消泡成分在制备用于超声成像的药物中尤其有用,因为气泡阻止信号传输。用于本发明组合物中的其它消泡剂的实例包括双苯基六甲基硅氧烷(bisphenylhexamethicone)、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷端醇、六甲基二硅氧烷、己醇、异丙醇、石油馏出物、苯乙基二硅氧烷、苯基三甲基硅氧烷(phenyltrimethicone)、聚硅氧烷-7、丙醇、二甲基甲硅烷化硅胶、甲硅烷化硅胶、四甲基癸炔二醇(tetramethyl decynediol)和三甲基硅烷氧基硅酸酯(trimethylsiloxysilicate)。优选的消泡剂是simethicone。simethicone是约90%聚二甲基硅氧烷和10%二氧化硅(w/w)的混合物。simethicone作为抗气剂被广泛应用于药品中例如GAS-XTM(simethicone)、MAALOXTM(氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝)、MYLANTATM(铝、镁simethicone)、PHAZYMETM(simethicone)、GENAZYMETM(simethicone)和MYLICONTM(simethicone)滴剂。simethicone可在本发明所包含的任何制剂中用作消泡剂。
本发明制剂中可包括的其他无活性剂包括稳定剂如柠檬酸、抗氧化剂如偏亚硫酸氢钠和防腐剂如尼波金甲酯或尼泊金丙酯。
另一类无活性剂是助悬剂。助悬剂是辅助悬浮的试剂,在有些情况下辅助活性溶于基础中。通常,助悬剂确保活性成分和基础成分更均匀的混合。为了给患者施用更均匀的复合药物,复合成分必须适当地并均匀地混合。如果活性剂以粉末存在,用传统的复合方式有时难以达到均匀分散。
助悬剂的一个亚类是增溶剂。增溶剂是辅助固体或者在有些情况下半固体剂溶解于无活性剂中的试剂。在本发明的有些实施方案中,在与基础剂混合之前,固体形态的活性剂可溶解于助悬剂中。相反地,助悬剂和基础剂可预先包装在一起,尤其是如果所关心的是确保活性剂均匀的混合于基础成分而不是固体(即,粉状的)活性剂的损失。在其他一些变化方案中,助悬剂可与基础无活性剂预先混合。
适用于本发明组合物中的助悬剂包括,但不限于,甘油、己二醇、丙二醇、山梨醇、阿拉伯树胶、胆固醇、二乙醇胺(助剂)、单硬脂酸甘油酯、羊毛脂醇、卵磷脂、甘油单酯和甘油二酯、单乙醇胺(助剂)、油酸(助剂)、油醇(稳定剂)、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)、聚氧乙烯50硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯醚35蓖麻油(polyoxyl 35 castor oil)、聚氧乙烯醚40氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯10油醚、聚氧乙烯20十六十八醚、聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯40、聚山梨醇酯60、聚山梨醇酯80、丙二醇二乙酸酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、月桂基硫酸钠、硬脂酸钠、失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、失水山梨醇单油酸酯、失水山梨醇单棕榈酸酯、失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸、三乙醇胺、乳化蜡、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、十六烷基氯化吡啶、多库酯钠、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚9(nonoxyl 9)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚10、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚9、聚氧乙烯醚50硬脂酸酯和泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol)。
另一些助悬剂包括保湿剂和润湿剂。保湿剂是保持水分的试剂。保湿剂的实例包括但不限于甘油、己二醇、丙二醇和山梨醇。基础和非基础无活性剂的量也将取决于待制备的具体复合药物。所提供的基础剂的量对应最终复合制剂中含0.5%-99.99%基础剂,基于重量或体积计算。在一些优选实施方案中,基础剂的终浓度为20%-80%。在更优选的实施方案中,基础剂的终浓度为40%-80%。
通常,非基础无活性剂的量将足以提供最终制剂中每种非基础无活性剂占组合物的0.01%-50%(w/w)。助悬剂可以占最终制剂的1%-50%(w/w)。优选地,助悬剂将占最终制剂的1%-40%,甚至更优选地它们将占最终制剂的5%-30%。消泡剂可以占最终制剂的0.01%-20%(w/w)。更优选地,消泡剂占最终制剂的0.05%-10%(w/w),甚至更优选地它们占最终制剂的0.1%-5%。
在一些优选实施方案中,活性剂和无活性剂物理混合后,设计单个或多个使用单位的试剂盒,以获得复合药物制剂,其中包含1%、5%、10%或20%w/w的CoQ10。
本发明试剂盒将提供制备预先计量的指定复合药物需要的各种和每种成分。各种成分的测量将使用当前的药品生产质量管理规范(Good Manufacturing Practices)(cGMP,由美国联邦法规(the Code of Federal Regulations)或CFR立法通过),要求各种成分的包装和标签以及试剂盒的最终包装和标签是完整的。以这种方式,试剂盒被标准化,且批间变化将是最小程度的或不存在的,单个成分测量的精确度和准确度将由药剂师当前使用的方法大大提高。说明书可与任何容器分别提供,但仍然包含在试剂盒内。做为替代,说明书可位于容器上,例如,在外表面上或内表面上,例如盖子上。
试剂盒的活性剂和无活性剂都于容器中提供。因为试剂盒将含有至少一种活性剂和至少一种无活性剂,或者预先与无活性剂配制的至少两种活性剂,指定试剂盒中容器的最小数量是两个。在优选实施方案中,试剂盒中容器的最大数量是少于或等于四个。容器可被制成任意尺寸和形状以适于混合组分或从一个容器向另一个容器转移组分。例如,每个容器可是小瓶、瓶、挤瓶、广口瓶、密封套、封袋或小袋、管或水泡包装的形式或任何其他合适的形式,只要容器是密封的以阻止成分过早混合。如本文所用,容器也可以是小瓶、管、广口瓶、或封袋、或套、或水泡包装或瓶中的隔室或腔室,只要在药剂师或医师仔细混合之前一个隔室内的内容物不与另一隔室内的内容物物理结合。
本发明意图在单个试剂盒内提供所有必要成分、容器和用于制备复合药物的使用单位的搅拌或混合元件,而不需要其他附件。本发明试剂盒也可含有象手套或溢流垫这样的物件。本领域技术人员能容易的修改容器的选择以适合个体成分的保存和混合。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,最终复合制剂将在最初含有无活性或基础化合物的容器内提供给患者。在另一些实施方案中,最终的复合制剂将在最初含有活性剂的容器内提供给患者。在另一些实施方案中,制备复合药物的所有必需成分包含在一个容器内但被物理分隔。例如,无活性剂可被容纳在容器如广口瓶的较低部位,并可用塑料剥离层覆盖。活性剂可被容纳于同一广口瓶中,但保护于广口瓶的盖中以塑胶封袋或密封套中提供。有些情况下可能优选在最小包装内同时提供所有成分的能力。制备复合药物所需的混合元件也可位于同一容器内,例如,保护于容器盖的内表面。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,活性和无活性剂被提供于单个容器内的相邻隔室中,并被从这些隔室中机械取出至第三个隔室内。作为实例,制备特定复合药物所必需的所有化学成分可以存在于单个管中,例如,与牙膏管相似具有分成分离隔室的内腔的管。每个隔室依次容纳基础剂或活性剂。如本文所述,基础剂或活性剂可与消泡剂和/或助悬剂预先混合。通过整体施加压力于管上,成分离开各自的隔室。然后它们在相邻的或物理分离的隔室内混合。挤或压管子的外表面可以是获取容纳于管内的各种成分必要的所有操作。在另一实施方案中,容器内两个室中的内容物可被泵出并进入第三容器内。在相关的实施方案中,也可以考虑不要求每个隔室内的内容物离开并流入第三隔室,而用可去除片或膜分离各种成分。因此,当这去除这种片或膜时,两个隔室内的内容物接触而且仅仅需要摇动或颠倒即可完全混合。后面这种实施方案将不需要混合元件,也不需要可能的外包装,尤其是如果说明写在容器本身上时。
根据本发明的一些方面,每个容器可以含有一种或多种活性剂或者一种或多种无活性剂。例如,在本发明的一些实施方案中,在药剂师或医师混合前,没有容器可以既含有活性剂又含有无活性剂。然而,本发明也提供这种试剂盒,其中一个容器可以含有活性剂和至少一种无活性剂,例如基础剂、助悬剂或消泡剂。
在一个优选实施方案中,提供预先与无活性剂混合的活性剂。这主要应用于CoQ10可以作为固体例如粉末商业获得的情况,粉末与助悬剂预先混合便于药剂师或医师进行复合。在另一些实施方案中,至少两种无活性剂可以预先混合提供于本发明的试剂盒中。
在一些实施方案中,活性剂加入基础成分中,可以期望提供基础成分在仅部分充满的容器中。在优选实施方案中,基础成分所在容器的体积少于100%充满。在另一些实施方案中,容器为95%、90%、80%、75%、70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、25%、20%或少于20%的充满体积。在另一些实施方案中,活性剂或无活性剂包含它们各自容器的从100%至大于1%的体积,以及其间的每个整数。在优选实施方案中,无活性剂所占第二个容器的体积少于或等于第二个容器减去活性剂体积后的体积。
正如在本发明中所使用的,活性和无活性剂由药剂师物理混合产生复合的药物。试剂盒的成分可通过温和搅动、摇动、搅拌、折叠或端至端颠倒第一或第二个容器而混合。在有些情况下,活性和无活性剂的适当混合可通过加入一种到另一种中,随后密封并摇动容器来简单完成。如果两种成分都是液体或都是半固体的尤其是这种情况。在另一些情况下,可能有必要用混合元件搅拌组分。混合元件对制药领域普通技术人员是熟知的,可以包括例如,离心机、混合棒如玻璃棒、匙、刮铲或量杆。若需要,混合元件提供于试剂盒中。混合元件的存在将取决于用试剂盒组分制造的复合药物的剂型。
最终的复合药物可被配制成固体、半固体、液体或气体形式的制剂,例如片剂、胶囊、粉末、颗粒、膏、溶液、栓剂、吸入剂和注射剂,并且通常可以口服、胃肠道外给药或外科给药的方式。本发明还包括局部施用本发明的复合药物,例如作为植入物。这些剂型可用于口服、局部、粘膜、胃肠道外(例如注射)、直肠或阴道给药。在优选实施方案中,最终的复合制剂可以自我给药。
本发明试剂盒也可含有被区隔化的包装,以在紧密的范围接受本发明的两个或多个容器。在一些实施方案中,包装可以是盒型的,由适当硬度材料例如纸板或增强纸制成。在另一些实施方案中,包装可以是包。在再一些实施方案中,如本文所述,没有外包装,所有容器可以并入容纳活性剂或无活性剂的一个容器中。后面的这种实施方案可通将容器如小袋、封套或囊,其中含活性或无活性剂,以及复合需要的任何混合元件,固定在主容器盖内部。本领域技术人员能容易地修改包装以适合每一试剂盒和每种用途的个别需要。本发明试剂盒进一步含有说明书以恰当使用其中成分。
本发明试剂盒意图用于治疗或预防多种对象中的多种疾病,所述对象包括人、狗、猫、马、鱼、猪、牛、绵羊、鹿、动物园动物和实验室动物(例如,小鼠、大鼠、兔、猴等等)。本发明意图包括含有上述制剂的使用单位试剂盒。
以下实施例以举例说明的方式提供,而非已限制性方式。尽管已经提供了具体实施例,以上描述是例证性的而不是限制性的。先前所述实施方案的任何一个或多个特征可以任何方式与本发明任何其他实施方案的一个或多个特征组合。此外,当仔细参阅本说明书时,本发明的许多变化对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。因此,本发明范围不应参考上述说明来确定,而应参考所附权利要求连同其等同物的全部范围一起来确定。
本申请引用的所有出版物和专利文件的相关部分经引用并入本文,为所有目的在相同程度上如同每个出版物或专利文件被单独表明一样。通过引用各种参考在本文件中,申请人不承认任何具体参考是他们的发明的“现有技术”。
实施例
以下实施例用于举例说明本发明,但并不限于此。应该理解在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下可以进行改变和修改。
实施例1-细胞凋亡测试的材料和方法
该测试所用的细胞系为SK-Me128和nFIB。细胞(SK-Me128和nFIB)接种(5×104细胞/孔)于单独含有培养基或含有治疗的培养基的孔中,并放入培养箱在37℃、5%CO2及潮湿条件下培养48小时。每个条件被重复执行并遵照以下方案:
按照BD Pharmingen膜联蛋白-VPE方案分析细胞凋亡
反应物包括膜联蛋白V-PE(BD Pharmingen,San Diego,CA)、7-AAD(BDPharmingen,San Diego,CA)、结合缓冲液(10x:0.1 M Hepes/NaOH,1.4 M NaCl,25mM CaCl2)[稀释成1x(9mL PBS和1mL结合缓冲液)供实验使用](BD Pharmingen,San Diego,CA)、胰酶-EDTA(Gibco,Grand Island,NY)、及期望的培养基。
加.5mL胰酶于每孔,大约10秒后移除胰酶,并加.5mL胰酶于每孔。置孔板于保温箱内,4分钟后在显微镜下观察脱离水平,轻敲侧面和底部帮助脱离。当细胞脱离时,用.5mL添加血清的培养基中和。转移细胞溶液到离心管中,以2000 RPM离心细胞5分钟,吸去上清液,重悬于6mL PBS中,分6mL至三个离心管中(每个2mL)。以2000 RPM离心细胞5分钟,吸去上清液,重悬于100μL结合缓冲液混合物中,加50μL膜联蛋白V-PE和50μL 7-AAD于每个离心管中,涡旋混合并置于暗处15分钟。加350μL结合缓冲液于每个管中并用流式细胞仪进行分析。
使用从瓶中新鲜培养的细胞制作基线。细胞被传代并用冷PBS洗涤两次。随后,它们重悬于lx结合缓冲液中至1×106细胞/mL的浓度。转移100μL细胞悬液到三支试管中,每管总计1×105。一个试管作为阴性对照不进行染色。另一管仅用膜联蛋白V-PE染色,而最后一管仅用7-AAD染色。置50μL染色溶液于每个试管。然后置这些试管于暗处15分钟,其后向每个试管加入350μL结合缓冲液。然后在处理和对照细胞前通过流式细胞仪对它们进行分析。
实验1:辅酶Q10对人乳癌细胞凋亡水平的影响
MCF-7对照 | MCF-7对照 | MCF-7对照 |
100μMCoQ10 | 100 μMCoQ10 | 100 μMCoQ10 |
-接种50,000细胞/孔
-72小时后,在细胞凋亡测试(膜联蛋白PI)中与100,000细胞/样品的基线进行比较
实验2:2-丙醇介质对黑素瘤细胞凋亡水平的影响
SK-MEL 28对照 | SK-MEL 28对照 | SK-MEL 28对照 |
如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) | 如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) | 如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) |
-接种50,000细胞/孔
-48小时后,在细胞凋亡测试(膜联蛋白PI)中与100,000细胞/样品的基线进行比较
实验3:2-丙醇介质对新生儿成纤维细胞凋亡水平的影响
nFIB(P)6对照 | nFIB(P)6对照 | nFIB(P)6对照 |
如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) | 如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) | 如果CoQ10为50μM时相当的体积(1%2-丙醇) |
-接种50,000细胞/孔
-48小时后,在细胞凋亡测试(膜联蛋白PI)中与100,000细胞/样品的基线进行比较DMEM/F12培养基制备
材料:
-DMEM/F12培养基(Cat#11330-032 Gibco-Invitrogen Corp,Grand Island,NY)
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—1mL和25mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-FBS(胎牛血清)补充物(Gibco-Invitrogen Corp,Grand Island,NY)
-PSA(青霉素链霉素两性霉素B)-抗微生物剂补充物(Cascade Biologics,Inc.,Portland,OR)
操作:
转移适量FBS于DMEM/F12中(例如,对于10%血清浓度,500 mL培养基中50mL FBS)。加入适量PSA以获得终浓度为100U/mL青霉素G、100μg/mL硫酸链霉素和0.25μg/mL两性霉素B的溶液(例如,500mL培养基中1mL 500x PSA)。通过吸打和倒置瓶进行混合。4℃储存直至使用。
EpiLife培养基料备
材料:
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—5mL,10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-EpiLife培养基(M-EPI-500,Cascade Bilolgicals)
-PSA(500x青霉素链霉素两性霉素B)-抗微生物剂补充物(R-004-10 C ascadeBiologics)
-EDGS(表皮生长补充物)(S-012-5 Cascade Biologics)
操作:
转移一小管EDGS(5mL)和PSA(1mL)入EpiLife培养基中,制得100U/mL青霉素G、100μg/mL硫酸链霉素和0.25μg/mL两性霉素B(例如,500mL培养基中1mL500x PSA)。通过吸打和倒置瓶进行混合。4℃储存直至使用。
创建培养基方案中的Q10均一溶液
材料:
-聚苯乙烯无菌移液管头—200-1000μM,与自动移液器一起使用
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-15mL离心管
-培养基
-辅酶Q10(Compound Solutions,Inc.,Escondido,CA)
-2-丙醇(Cat#9083-3,J.T.Baker Chemical Co.,Phillipsbury,NJ)
操作:
从零下20℃保存中取出Q10储备物并量出约4.4 mg。转移Q10于25mL离心管中。加入1mL 2-丙醇于离心管中。振荡混合并浸于热水浴中(55℃)以促进溶解。加9mL培养基于离心管中。必要时振荡混合并浸于热水浴中(55℃),以制备均一溶液。这产生500μM Q10溶液。制作系列无菌稀释液以达到治疗浓度。
解冻细胞的方法
材料:
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—1mL,10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-75cm2细胞培养瓶
-15mL离心管
操作:
使试剂在水浴中适应37℃。从液氮罐中移出细胞。紧握小管于手掌中开始解冻。浸于37℃水浴中直至完全融化。转移细胞至含10mL生长培养基的15mL离心管中。吸打混合。以2500 RPM离心8分钟。吸去上清液。用适当培养基重悬沉淀。振荡并吹打进行混合以使细胞悬液均匀。转移到75cm2细胞培养瓶中。
细胞传代方法
材料:
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—5mL,10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-75cm2(T75)细胞培养瓶
-6孔组织培养板
-15mL离心管
-培养基
-0.05%胰酶(Cat#25-052-C1-IX胰酶-EDTA,Cellgro by Mediatech,Herndon,VA)操作:
使试剂在水浴中适应37℃。从细胞培养瓶中移出培养基(细胞汇合接近85%时准备传代)。首先加入1-2mL胰酶于培养瓶中持续30秒。从瓶中移去胰酶。加入5mL胰酶于瓶中。臀培养瓶于37℃培养箱中约4分钟。移出并用显微镜观察脱离程度。如果需要,轻敲培养瓶以帮助脱离。加5mL含血清的培养基。通过吸打和用细胞悬液洗涤培养瓶以混合。转移细胞悬液到15mL离心管中。涡旋振荡离心管。以2500 RPM离心8分钟。吸去上清液。重悬沉淀于合适培养基中。通过吸打和涡旋振荡制备均匀的细胞悬液。接种细胞于新的T75培养瓶中或多孔板中用于试验。
细胞计数方法
材料:
-Coulter计数首(Beckman Coulter,Inc.)
-[soton II稀释液(#8546719,Beckman Coulter)
-Coulter CLENZ(#8546929,Beckman Coulter)
-聚苯乙烯无菌移液管头—20-200μM,200-1000μM,与自动移液器一起使用操作:
传代后(经上述细胞传代方法),用自动移液器吸取期望体积(.25-1mL)的待计数细胞悬液于Coulter计数管(Beckman,Inc.)中。通过用Coulter CLENZ(Beckman,Inc.,Fullerton,CA)冲洗,确保Beckman CoulterZl细胞和颗粒计数器清沽。用lsotonII稀释液冲洗仪器一次。加lsoton II稀释液到含有细胞的小管中至总体积10mL。使用仪器输出模式计数细胞两次以确保准确。平均总计数并计算单位体积总细胞数。
体外实验的操作方案
材料:
-聚苯乙烯无菌移液管头—20-200μM,200-1000μM,与自动移液器一起使用
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—5mL,10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-75cm2(T75)细胞培养瓶
-6孔组织培养板
-15 mL离心管
-Coulter计数管(Beckman Coulter,Inc.)
-0.05%胰酶(Cat#25-052-C1-1X胰酶-EDTA,Cellgro)操作:
使试剂在水浴中适应37℃。按照上述在培养基中制备Q10均匀溶液的方法制备Q10储存溶液。进行系列稀释达到期望浓度。置2mL培养基于各自孔中。按照上述传代细胞的方法进行培养瓶传代培养。用恰好足够的培养基重悬细胞以制备均匀的细胞悬液(约5mL)。按照上述计数细胞的方法确定细胞浓度。稀释细胞悬液使得在50-100μL中含期望量的接种细胞。接种期望的细胞量于每个孔中。在37℃、5%CO2、潮湿条件下在培养箱中培养期望的持续时间。从孔中吸去培养基。置.5mL胰酶于每孔中。保温大约4分钟。在显微镜下检查脱离程度。必要时,旋涡、轻敲侧面以及轻敲底部帮助脱离。用.5mL培养基中和胰酶。吹打以帮助细胞脱离和破坏团块。移出.5mL细胞悬液并置于Coulter计数管(Beckman Coulter,Inc.)中。按照上述计数细胞的方法计数细胞。
动物接种方案
材料:
-磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)(Gibco-Invitrogen Corp,Grand Island,NY)
-聚苯乙烯无菌移液管头—20-200μM,200-1000μM,与自动移液器一起使用
-硅烷化无菌移液管头—5mL、10mL,与PipettMan一起使用
-75cm2细胞培养瓶
-15mL离心管
-Coulter计数管(Beckman Coulter,Inc.)
-0.05%胰酶(Cat#25-052-C1-1X胰酶-EDTA,Cellgro)
-离心管(2mL)
-麻醉剂(Aventin)
操作:
按照上述细胞传代方案在培养瓶中传代。吸去上清液后,用5mL吸液器用PBS稍稀释来自每个培养瓶的沉淀并合并。稀释最终细胞悬液达到每100μL大约含有一千万细胞。转移细胞悬液到微离心管中(2mL)。立即置于冰中并留在冰中直至注射。通过腹膜内注射0.3cc Aventin麻醉小鼠。在每个动物的每个部位皮下接种0.1cc细胞悬液。转移任何剩余细胞到15mL离心管中。用培养基稀释到10mL。以2500 RPM离心8分钟。吸去上清液。加10mL培养基到离心管中。通过吸打和旋涡振荡来制备均匀的细胞悬液。接种细胞到T75瓶中以确保实验性细胞活力。
实施例2-辅酶Q10的局部制剂对小鼠肿瘤SK-MEL28的影响
通过注射SK-MEL28到皮下层诱导小鼠黑素瘤。动物研究由对照组和治疗组组成,每组含有四只小鼠。小鼠被接种两个肿瘤,图14的图代表每个小鼠中肿瘤所得的平均质量。辅酶Q10的局部制剂(10%)被每天施用于治疗组的肿瘤上,为期30天。其后,切离肿瘤并测定质量。治疗组的整体平均质量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。
实施例3-局部CoQ10霜的制备
试剂:
-Phospholipon 90G(American Lechitin,Stanford,CT)
-甘油
-BHT
-乙醇
-中链甘油酯
-薰衣草精(Sigma-Aldrich)
-CoQ10(Pure Prescriptions,San Diego,CA)操作:
6g Phospholipon 90G(American Lechitin,Stanford,CT)在60℃溶解于混合物中,所述混合物含有5.8g甘油(Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)、0.2g BHT(Sigma-Aldrich)、4ml乙醇(Sigma-Aldrich)、和18g中链甘油三酯(Sigma-Aldrich)。20g CoQ10(Pure Prescriptions)溶解于所得混合物中。加入用氮饱和水制备的90ml1mM磷酸缓冲液(pH8.2)和0.2ml薰衣草精(Sigma-Aldrich)并用高速搅拌器以12,000RPM搅拌混合物以形成霜。4℃储存该霜直至使用。
实施例4-JC-1染色的凋亡分析
使用线粒体膜染料JC-1,5,5’,6,6’-四氯-1,1’,3,3’-四乙基-苯并咪唑羰花青氯化物(碘化物)(Molecular·Probe,Eugene,OR)测量细胞凋亡。治疗由补充有1X PSA、5%FBS和浓度为0、50、100和200μM的辅酶Q10的DMEM-F12培养基组成,在60x15mm组织培养皿(Costar-Cambride,MA)中准备治疗体系。PC-3细胞以每平皿500,000细胞接种并培养24小时。用2mL胰酶-EDTA对细胞进行胰酶处理并经2,500rpm离心8分钟。其重悬于1mL缺乏血清和酚红的Ham's F12培养基(Cascade Biologics,Inc-Portland,OR)中并立即置于冰上。用无菌DMSO制备1 mg/ml JC-1储存溶液并加10 μL于每一细胞悬液中同时轻摇。细胞在37℃培养15分钟,用4ml Ham’s F12培养基稀释并以600 rpm离心7分钟。重悬于5ml冷PBS(Gibco-Grand Island,NY)中,细胞以600 rpm再次离心7分钟。然后细胞沉淀悬于1 ml冷PBS中并被移入覆盖有箔的尼龙滤膜顶部流式细胞计数管以防止光透入。通过流式细胞仪分析样品对荧光染料的吸收变化。单体JC-1显示绿色荧光(λem=527nm)而J-聚集体显示红色荧光(λcm=590nm)。渗透过的线粒体在凋亡前和凋亡期间积累JC-1单体染料。
其他实施方案
应该理解,尽管本发明已经结合此处的详细说明进行了描述,前面的描述意在举例说明而非限制本发明的范围,本发明范围由所附权利要求的范围来限定。其他方面、益处及修改都在以下权利要求范围内。
Claims (20)
1.包含CoQ10和药物接受载体的局部霜剂组合物,其中所述药物接受载体包括phospholipon 90、甘油、丁化羟基甲苯(BHT)、乙醇、中链甘油三酯(MCT)和薰衣草精。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中phospholipon 90是phospholipon 90G。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中phospholipon 90是phospholipon 90H。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物进一步包含phospholipon 90G和phospholipon90H。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物包含1%到25%(w/w)之间的辅酶Q10。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物包含1%到20%(w/w)之间的辅酶Q10。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项的组合物在制备用于治疗黑素瘤患者的局部霜剂中的用途。
8.权利要求7的用途,其中组合物包含1%直至25%w/w的辅酶Q10。
9.权利要求7的用途,其中组合物包含1%到20%w/w的辅酶Q10。
10.权利要求7的用途,其中治疗有效量的辅酶Q10组合物与一种或多种化疗剂一起施用。
11.权利要求10的用途,其中化疗剂可与包含治疗有效量辅酶Q10的组合物共同施用、在其前或其后施用。
12.权利要求10的用途,其中化疗剂选自环磷酰胺、紫杉醇类、白消安、顺铂、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、柔红霉素、多柔比星、美法仑、克拉屈滨、长春新碱、长春碱、及苯丁酸氮芥。
13.权利要求12的用途,其中所述紫杉醇类是太平洋紫杉醇。
14.权利要求12的用途,其中所述紫杉醇类是多烯紫杉醇。
15.权利要求7的用途,其中治疗导致肿瘤细胞生长的抑制。
16.试剂盒,包含:
辅酶Q10,
phospholipon 90,
甘油,
丁化羟基甲苯(BHT),
乙醇,
中链甘油三酯(MCT),和
薰衣草精,
其中所述试剂盒的组分被组合以形成局部霜剂。
17.权利要求16的试剂盒,其中phospholipon 90是phospholipon 90G。
18.权利要求16的试剂盒,其中phospholipon 90是phospholipon 90H。
19.权利要求16的试剂盒,其中phospholipon 90是phospholipon 90G和phospholipon90H。
20.权利要求16的试剂盒,其中提供的辅酶Q10在1%到30%(w/w)之间。
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