CN1952089A - Process for preparing fuel derived from urban domestic garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of garbage-derived fuel capable of transforming urban domestic garbage into energy with high added value. The invention utilizes the biomechanical pretreatment process to realize volume reduction, water reduction, weight reduction, and improvement of the calorific value of domestic waste; the sorted organic residue and stabilized biomass organic waste are used as waste-derived fuels, and Cement kiln calcined cement clinker symbiosis, power plant coal-fired power generation symbiosis, central heating coal-fired symbiosis. The invention can make the garbage harmless, efficiently reduce the amount and convert high value-added energy into resources, and has remarkable social, environmental and economic benefits.

Description

Preparation method of municipal solid waste derived fuel

technical field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a derived fuel, in particular to a preparation method of a municipal solid waste derived fuel.

Background technique

At present, municipal solid waste has become one of the global environmental problems. With the rapid development of our country's economy and the continuous concentration of population to cities, the urban domestic waste continues to increase, and the impact on environmental pollution is also increasing. Therefore, the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of MSW has become a matter of great concern to the government and the public.

The existing garbage disposal methods in my country are mainly landfill, incineration and composting. The landfill method occupies a large area, which is easy to pollute the groundwater and the atmosphere, and the resources cannot be recycled. Although the incineration method has high treatment efficiency, my country's garbage has high moisture content and low calorific value, and high-quality fuel needs to be added to support combustion, so the operating cost is high; at the same time, fly ash containing dioxins and heavy metals is difficult to deal with, although advanced and complex purification systems are used. , the flue gas still contains trace amounts of dioxins, which are discharged into the air to pollute the environment; in addition, complete incineration fails to maximize the resource utilization of waste. Although composting is a good method, it takes a long time to process and occupies a large area, and the current market for ecological fertilizers is not smooth.

Sorting the combustible parts of garbage to prepare garbage-derived fuels is being developed at home and abroad. The problem with this method is that the domestic garbage has high moisture and high organic components, making it difficult to effectively sort the combustible components; at the same time, the biomass components have not been utilized due to high moisture and low calorific value.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for converting municipal solid waste into waste-derived fuel.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing municipal solid waste derived fuel, characterized in that the steps of the method are as follows:

a. The pretreatment and stabilization process of domestic waste: Pile the municipal domestic waste in the reaction chamber, and reduce the moisture content of the waste to 30-40% through the action of microorganisms and inward forced control of ventilation;

b. Sorting the above-mentioned garbage processed in step a, that is, sorting out plastics, metal, glass, batteries, bamboo, wood, cloth, paper and masonry in the garbage;

c. Sieving the remaining garbage after sorting in step b to obtain the biomass component of the undersize and the residue of the oversize, and these two parts of garbage are respectively made into garbage-derived fuel.

During above-mentioned rubbish screening, the aperture of sieve is 5～10 millimeters.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious features and significant advantages:

(1) Significant environmental benefits: Due to the action of microorganisms and ventilation, the generation of landfill leachate is greatly reduced. The larger ventilation rate ensures an aerobic environment in the pile, so that no odor will be generated due to lack of oxygen in some areas.

(2) Remarkable social benefits: Compared with the conventional technique of producing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from household garbage, the present invention develops a technology suitable for my country's national conditions to prepare refuse-derived fuel from household garbage. Through biological treatment, the raw materials for the preparation of waste-derived fuels are expanded from wastes that are mainly high-calorific components such as paper and plastics to the entire domestic waste components after removing the recyclable parts, breaking through the limitations of conventional methods for processing raw materials In addition, the bio-stabilized garbage has better stability, high energy conversion efficiency and less environmental pollution than ordinary unformed RDF.

(3) Remarkable economic benefit: the present invention should utilize the existing garbage composting plant to rebuild, and the investment is low.

The domestic garbage treated by the invention can be 100% resourced. All kinds of recycled materials obtained by sorting have different economic values; the dried and stable biomass components can be used as garbage-derived fuels, which can assist or even replace the combustion of fossil fuels, and have broad market prospects.

Detailed ways

After the municipal solid waste is broken into bags, it is biologically stabilized, sorted and screened, and converted into waste-derived fuels. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Biological stability of domestic waste: my country's urban domestic waste has the characteristics of high water content and low calorific value, which is mainly due to the large proportion of biomass components with high water content in waste, generally reaching about 60-70% . The method scheme of the invention utilizes the basic principle of biological aerobic composting to stabilize the garbage, so as to achieve the purposes of reducing the volume and water of the garbage and increasing the calorific value. The garbage is piled in the reaction chamber, and the ventilation is forced inward to promote the rapid growth of microorganisms in the garbage pile, and through their metabolism, the fat, protein and other organic substances in the garbage are degraded into small molecules. At the same time, the heat generated during the microbial degradation of the garbage is used, and the ventilation is used to dry the garbage. After about 10-15 days of treatment, most of the moisture in the garbage is taken away by heat and wind, the domestic garbage is dried, the moisture content is reduced to about 30-40%, and the calorific value is increased by nearly 1-3 times.

(2) Sorting of domestic waste: Classify the biologically treated waste and recycle them separately. The plastic, metal, glass, battery, bamboo, wood, cloth, paper, and masonry in the garbage are sorted out as resources for reuse, while the remaining stabilized garbage is converted into energy.

(3) Energy conversion of domestic waste: the sorted residual waste is screened into two parts. The stabilized biomass components under the sieve have low moisture content and relatively uniform materials, which can be directly prepared as garbage-derived fuels for use; the residue particles on the sieve are large, and are uniformly mixed, crushed, or compounded and compressed with inorganic additives. The granulation effect can be used as a high calorific value garbage derived fuel. The above two garbage-derived fuels can coexist with calcined cement clinker in cement kilns, coal-fired power plants in power plants, and coal-fired central heating.

Claims (2)

1. the preparation method of a fuel derived from urban domestic garbage is characterized in that, the step of this method is as follows:

A. the stable preprocessing process of domestic refuse: domestic waste is deposited in the reaction warehouse,, makes the water ratio of rubbish reduce to 30～40% by aerobic compost action of microorganisms and inside forced ventilation;

B. the above-mentioned rubbish of handling through step a is carried out sorting, the plastics, metal, glass, battery, bamboo wood, dry goods, paper and the masonry that are about in the rubbish sort out respectively;

C. will sieve through remaining rubbish after the step b sorting, and obtain screen underflow biomass components and screen overflow residue, this two portions rubbish is made garbage derivatived fuel respectively.

2. the preparation method of fuel derived from urban domestic garbage according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that sieving garbage, the aperture of sieve is 5～10 millimeters.