CN1946295A - 协同杀虫混合物 - Google Patents
协同杀虫混合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1946295A CN1946295A CN 200580012916 CN200580012916A CN1946295A CN 1946295 A CN1946295 A CN 1946295A CN 200580012916 CN200580012916 CN 200580012916 CN 200580012916 A CN200580012916 A CN 200580012916A CN 1946295 A CN1946295 A CN 1946295A
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- Prior art keywords
- methiocarb
- spp
- seed
- composition
- methyl
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Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及杀虫混合物,所述杀虫混合物含有甲硫威和至少另一种已知的选自新烟碱类的活性化合物。本发明还涉及所述混合物防治动物害虫和处理种子的用途。
Description
本发明涉及新的活性化合物结合物,该活性化合物结合物包括活性化合物甲硫威(methiocarb)和另一种选自新烟碱类(neonicotinoid)的活性化合物,该结合物具有非常良好的杀虫性能。
已知下式的甲硫威(3,5-二甲基-4-(甲硫基)苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯)
可用作杀昆虫剂和杀螨剂以防治动物害虫,特别是昆虫。甲硫威还以“Mesurol”的名字已知。此外,还已知新烟碱类,例如,噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)和呋虫胺(dinotefuran),适于防治动物害虫,特别是昆虫。已知一种包括吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、另一种氯烟碱(chloronicotinyl)类化合物和甲硫威的混合物(WO A1 96/37105);然而,该文献仅记载其适用于叶面和土壤处理。WO 03/063592 A1提到包含噻虫胺和甲硫威的组合物。该文献也特别注意到叶面和土壤处理,还提及对种子包衣的一般适用性。然而,该文献未公开这些混合物是否真正适用于种子包衣,也未公开这些混合物特别适用于哪些作物。
这些化合物的活性良好;然而,在施用率低或针对个别害虫时,它们并不能总是满足杀虫剂所必须达到的高的要求。
现已发现以下提到的包括甲硫威和至少一种新烟碱类化合物的混合物具有协同效应,并且适于防治动物害虫。该协同作用使得活性化合物的用量可大大降低,即混合物的活性大于单独组分的活性。此外,还已发现甲硫威和吡虫啉或噻虫胺和甲硫威的组合物——该组合物本身已知——特别适于种子包衣。包含活性化合物吡虫啉、噻虫胺和甲硫威的混合物也已发现特别适于防治害虫的保护用种子包衣。该混合物特别适于玉米种子和向日葵种子的包衣。
现已发现提到的混合物,由于它们的内吸作用方式,不仅保护种子本身还特别保护正在萌芽的植株防止损害,而无需像通常的惯例那样在植株出苗后立刻施用农药。
所述化合物是已知的,例如见于《农药手册(The PesticideManual)》,第11版,1997,British Crop Protection Council出版。噻虫嗪具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A2 0 580 553。
噻虫胺具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A2 0 376 279。
噻虫啉具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A2 0 235 725。
呋虫胺具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A1 0 649 845。
啶虫脒具有下述结构式
并已知于WO A1 91/04965。
烯啶虫胺具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A2 0 302 389。
吡虫啉具有下述结构式
并已知于EP A1 0 192 060。
所用活性化合物的比率和待使用混合物的总量取决于昆虫的种类和出现率。对于各种施用情况,最佳比值和待使用的总量各自可通过一系列试验加以确定。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和噻虫胺或甲硫威和吡虫啉。在这些混合物中,各活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5,这里以及下面各比率中甲硫威总是首先被提到。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和啶虫脒。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和烯啶虫胺。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和呋虫胺。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和噻虫嗪。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和噻虫啉。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5。
本发明另一种特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物甲硫威和噻虫胺。在用于种子包衣的该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比为1000∶1至1∶100,优选为125∶1至1∶50,并且特别优选25∶1至1∶5,其中如上,各比率中甲硫威总是首先被提到。
上面作为优选提及的混合物优选不包含任何其它的杀虫活性组分。
该活性化合物结合物具有良好的植物相容性,并且对温血动物具有有利的毒性,适用于防治动物害虫、特别是在农业、森林、贮存产品和材料保护和卫生部门中遇到的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和线虫。它们可优选用于叶面和土壤处理的作物保护组合物。
它们对通常敏感和抗性的物种以及全部或个别发育阶段有效。上述害虫包括:
等足目(Isopoda),例如,栉水虱(Oniscus asellus)、鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)和球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber)。倍足目(Diplopoda),例如,Blaniulus guttulatus。唇足目(Chilopoda),例如,Geophilus carpophagus、Scutigera spp.。综合目(Symphyla),例如,Scutigerella immaculata。缨尾目(Thysanura),例如,衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。弹尾目(Collembola),例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)。直翅目(Orthoptera),例如,家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、非洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoria migratorioides)、黑蝗属(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)。蜚蠊目(Blattaria),例如,东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、德国蠊(Blattella germanica)。革翅目(Dermaptera),例如,欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)。等翅目(Isoptera),例如,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.)。虱目(Phthiraptera),例如,体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、畜虱属(Damalinia spp.)。缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis)、烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)、苜蓿蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)。异翅目(Heteroptera),例如,扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、Dysdercus intermedius、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、长红猎蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)。同翅目(Homoptera),例如,甘蓝粉虱(Aleurodes brassicae)、木薯粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vastatrix)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、瘤蚜属(Myzus spp.)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、Euscelisbilobatus、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、水木坚蚧(Lecaniumcorni)、乌盔蚧(Saissetia oleae)、灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、红肾圆盾蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、常春藤圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)、木虱属(Psylla spp.)。鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,红铃麦蛾(Pectinophora gossypiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutapadella)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosomaneustria)、黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea)、毒蛾属(Lymantriaspp.)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistiscitrella)、地老虎属(Agrotis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属(Feltia spp.)、埃及金刚钻(Earias insulana)、实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodoptera spp.)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusiani)、苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsa pomonella)、菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、禾草螟属(Chilo spp.)、玉米螟(Pyraustanubilalis)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、大蜡螟(Galleriamellonella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、袋谷蛾(Tineapellionella)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella)、亚麻黄卷蛾(Cacoecia podana)、Capua reticulana、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、茶长卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix viridana)、Cnaphalocerus spp.、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)。鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如,家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、北美家天牛(Hylotrupesbajulus)、杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)、叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodes chrysocephala)、墨西哥大豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、Atomaria spp.、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、花象属(Anthonomus spp.)、谷象属(Sitophilus spp.)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉根颈象(Cosmopolites sordidus)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、毛皮蠹属(Attagenus spp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meilgethes aeneus)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptushololeucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、拟谷盗属(Triboliumspp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、叩甲属(Agriotes spp.)、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、西方五月鳃角金龟(Melolonthamelolontha)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallon solstitialis)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)。膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如,松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、实叶蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、胡蜂属(Vespaspp.)。双翅目(Diptera),例如,伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anopheles spp.)、库蚊属(Culex spp.)、黑尾果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora erythrocephala)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、Hyppobosca spp.、螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.)、虻属(Tabanusspp.)、Tannia spp.、Bibio hortulanus、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinellafrit)、草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.)、藜泉蝇(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、橄榄大实蝇(Dacu soleae)、欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza spp.)。蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,中东金蝎(Scorpio maurus)、黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)、粗脚粉螨(Acarussiro)、锐缘蜱属(Argasspp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、茶藨瘿螨(Eriophyes ribis)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptrutaoleivora)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalusspp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、璃眼蜱属(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodes spp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptesspp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、跗线螨属(Tarsonemus spp.)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa)、全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.)、叶螨属(Tetranychus spp.)、半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.)、短须螨属(Brevipalpus spp.)。
植物寄生线虫包括,例如,短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci)、半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)、异皮线虫属(Heterodera spp.)、球异皮线虫属(Globodera spp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogyne spp.)、滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides spp.)、长针线虫属(Longidorus spp.)、剑线虫属(Xiphinema spp.)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus spp.)、伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)。
所有的植物及植物部位均可依据本发明来处理。本发明中植物的含义应理解为所有的植物和植物种群,例如需要的和不需要的野生植物或作物植物(包括自然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可以是通过常规植物育种和优选法或通过生物技术方法和基因工程方法或通过所述方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物,也包括受植物种苗权保护或不受其保护的植物品种。植物部位的含义应理解为植物所有的地上及地下部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,可提出的实例有叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体、果实和种子,还有根、块茎和根茎。植物部位还包括采收物,以及无性和有性繁殖物,例如插枝、块茎、根茎、插条和种子。
本发明可强调的是,本发明组合物在用于以下植物时具有特别有利的效果,所述植物包括:谷物植物,例如小麦、燕麦、大麦、斯卑尔脱小麦、黑小麦和黑麦;以及玉米、高粱、粟、稻、甘蔗、大豆、向日葵、马铃薯、棉花、油菜、加拿大油菜(canola)、烟草、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、芦笋、啤酒花以及果树(包括梨果类水果,例如苹果、梨;核果类水果,例如桃、蜜桃、樱桃、李和杏;柑橘类水果,例如橙、葡萄柚、酸橙、柠檬、金桔(kumquat)、柑桔(tangerine)、萨摩蜜橘(satsuma);坚果类,例如阿月浑子(pistachio)、杏仁(almond)、胡桃(walnut)以及美洲山核桃(pecan);热带水果,例如芒果、巴婆果(paw-paw)、菠萝、海枣(date)、香蕉以及葡萄)和蔬菜[包括叶菜类蔬菜,例如苣荬菜(endive)、家独活(corn salad)、茴香(Florencefennel)、叶用莴苣(lettuce)、直立莴苣(cos lettuce)、瑞士甜菜(Swis schard)、菠菜(spinach)以及色拉用菊苣(chicory);甘蓝类蔬菜,例如花椰菜、茎椰菜(broccoli)、生菜叶(chinese leaf)、Brassica oleracea(L.)convar.acephala var.sabellica L.(皱叶甘蓝(curly kale)和羽衣甘蓝(feathered cabbage))、撇蓝(kohlrabi)、抱子甘蓝(Brussel sprout)、红球甘蓝、白球甘蓝以及皱叶甘蓝(savoy cabbage);果菜类蔬菜,例如茄子(aubergine)、黄瓜、辣椒(capsicum)、食用南瓜(table pumpkin)、蕃茄、密生西葫芦(courgette)以及甜玉米;根菜类蔬菜,例如块根芹(celeriac)、野生芜箐(turnip)、胡萝卜(包括黄色栽培种)、黑萝卜(Raphanussativus var.niger)和樱桃萝卜(Raphanussativus var.radicula),食用甜菜(beetroot)、鸦葱(scorzonera)和芹菜(celery);豆科植物类,例如豌豆和豆类;以及葱科蔬菜,例如韭葱以及洋葱]。本发明结合物特别适用于处理玉米种子和向日葵种子。
根据本发明的使用活性化合物结合物对植物和植物部位进行的处理,通过常规处理方法直接进行,或通过处理其所处环境、生境或储存空间来实现。所述常规处理方法例如浸液、喷雾、蒸发、弥雾、撒播、涂抹,并且,对于繁殖材料,尤其是种子,还可包衣一层或多层。
本发明的混合物,特别是活性组分吡虫啉和甲硫威的结合物及活性组分噻虫胺和甲硫威的结合物,特别适于处理种子。例如,大部分由害虫引起的、对作物植物造成的损害早在种子于贮藏期间、种子播入土壤之后、以及植物萌芽期间和刚萌芽之后受到侵扰时就发生了。该阶段特别关键,因为正在生长的植物的根和芽特别敏感,即使是很小的伤害也能导致整株植物的死亡。因此,通过使用合适的组合物来保护种子和正在萌芽的植物具有特别重大的意义。
已知通过处理植物种子来防治害虫已有很长时间,它也是不断改进的主题。然而,种子的处理存在着一系列不能总是以令人满意的方式解决的问题。因此,需要开发无需在植物种植后或出苗后另外施用作物保护产品而保护种子和正在萌芽的植物的方法。此外,还需要将活性化合物的用量优化为能够向种子和正在萌芽的植物提供最佳保护免受害虫的侵袭,同时又不会由于所使用的活性化合物而伤害植物本身。特别地,种子处理方法也应当考虑到转基因植物所固有的杀昆虫性能,以通过使用最少的作物保护产品获得对种子和正在萌芽的植物的最佳保护。
因此,特别地,本发明还涉及一种通过用本发明的组合物处理种子来保护种子和植物——特别是正在萌芽的植物——免受害虫侵袭的方法。本发明同样也涉及本发明的组合物用于处理种子以保护种子和长成的植物免受害虫侵袭的用途。此外,本发明还涉及用本发明组合物处理过的、以提供免受害虫侵袭保护的种子。
本发明的优点之一在于,本发明组合物的特别的内吸性能意味着用这些组合物处理种子不仅保护了种子自身,而且还保护了长成的出苗后的植物免受害虫侵袭。以该方式,可省去在播种或此后较短时间内对作物的直接处理。
另一个优点在于,本发明的组合物与各自单独的活性化合物相比起来具有协同增加的杀昆虫活性,上述协同增加的杀昆虫活性超过两种活性化合物单独施用时活性的总和。这使得优化活性化合物的用量成为可能。
此外,必须认为是优点的是本发明的混合物也可特别用于转基因种子,由上述转基因种子长成的植物能表达一种靶向害虫的蛋白。通过用本发明的组合物处理上述种子,仅通过蛋白——例如杀昆虫蛋白——的表达即可防治某些害虫,并且,令人意外地,结果也是采用本发明的组合物得到协同互补的活性,这又增加了抗害虫侵袭的保护的药效。
本发明的组合物适于保护用于农业、温室、林业、园艺或葡萄栽培中的以上已经提及的任何植物品种的种子。特别地,上述种子表现为以下植物的种子:玉米、花生、加拿大油菜、油菜、罂粟、大豆、棉花、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜和饲料甜菜)、稻、高粱和粟,小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、向日葵或烟草。本发明的组合物同样适用于处理以上已经提及的果树的种子和蔬菜的种子。特别重要的是对玉米、大豆、棉花、小麦和加拿大油菜或油菜的处理。例如,本发明的包含活性化合物甲硫威和吡虫啉或噻虫胺和甲硫威的混合物特别适于玉米种子和向日葵种子的处理。
如上所述,用本发明的组合物处理转基因种子也特别重要。这表现为通常包含至少一种异源基因的植物的种子,所述基因支配着具有特别杀昆虫性能的多肽的表达。在本发明中,转基因种子中的异源基因可来自于微生物,例如芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、根瘤菌(Rhizobium)、假单细胞菌(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌(Serratia)、木霉(Trichoderma)、棍状杆菌(Clavibacter)、球囊霉菌(Glomus)或粘帚霉(Gliocladium)。本发明特别适于处理包含至少一种源于芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus sp.)的异源基因的转基因种子,所述基因的基因产品表现出抗欧洲玉米螟(European corn borer)和/或玉米根虫(corn root worm)的活性。特别优选来自于苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)的异源基因。在此,本发明的组合物也特别适用于玉米的种子。
在本发明的范围内,本发明的组合物既可单独施用于种子,也可以合适的制剂形式施用于种子。优选地,在种子稳定得足以在处理中免受损害的状态下对其进行处理。一般而言,可在采收和播种之间的任何时间点处理种子。通常所用的种子已与植物相分离,并且不含穗轴、壳、茎、表皮、毛或果实的果肉。
处理种子时通常必须注意,本发明组合物施用于种子的量和/或其它添加剂的量应选择为对种子的萌发没有不利的影响或不伤害长成的植物。特别是具有毒害植物作用的活性化合物在某些施用率的情况下,上述选择方式需要牢记于心。
本发明的组合物可直接施用,也就是说无需包含其它的组分,也无需稀释。一般说来,优选以一种合适的制剂的方式将组合物施用到种子上。合适的用于种子处理的制剂和方法已为本领域普通技术人员所知,且在例如以下文献中有所记载:US 4,272,417A、US 4,245,432A、US 4,808,430 A、US 5,876,739 A、US 2003/0176428 A1、WO2002/080675 A1、WO 2002/028186 A2。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可转化为常规制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉末剂、膏剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、经活性化合物浸渍的天然以及合成材料,以及聚合物中的微胶囊剂。
这些制剂以已知的方式制成,例如将活性化合物与填充剂混合,即,与液体溶剂和/或固体载体混合,同时可选择使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
如果使用水作为填充剂,还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。合适的液体溶剂基本上为:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳香族化合物或氯代脂族烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,例如矿物油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇,及其醚和酯;酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜;及水。
适合的固体载体有:
例如,铵盐;粉碎的天然矿物,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土;以及粉碎的合成材料,例如高分散二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐。适用于颗粒剂的固体载体为:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石;及合成的无机和有机粉颗粒,以及有机物颗粒,例如锯屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎。适合的乳化剂和/或发泡剂为:例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐;及蛋白质水解产物。适合的分散剂为:例如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳状的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯;及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂。其它可能的添加剂为矿物油和植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料,例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝;以及有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料;以及微量营养物,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
制剂一般含0.1至95重量%,优选0.5至90重量%的活性化合物。
本发明活性化合物结合物优选除提及的甲硫威和新烟碱类化合物外不包括其它活性化合物。
如果合适,市售制剂形式以及由所述制剂制备的使用形式的本发明的活性化合物结合物可与其它已知的活性化合物混合,所述其它活性化合物包括例如杀昆虫剂、引诱剂、消毒剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂或除草剂。杀昆虫剂包括,例如磷酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、羧酸酯类、氯代烃类、苯脲类以及由微生物制得的物质等。
混合物中特别有利的组分的实例如下:
杀真菌剂:
aldimorph、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、氨丙膦酸钾、andoprim、敌菌灵(anilazin)、氧环唑(azaconazole)、嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、苄烯酸(benzamacril)、异丁基苄烯酸、双丙氨膦(bialaphos)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、联苯、联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-s)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)、丁硫啶(buthiobate)、多硫化钙、卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、香芹酮(carvone)、灭螨猛(quinomethionate)、灭瘟唑(chlobenthiazon)、苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)、地茂散(chloroneb)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、clozylacon、硫杂灵(cufraneb)、霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、咪菌威(debacarb)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazol)、diclofluanid、哒菌酮(diclomezin)、氯硝胺(dicloran)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、敌螨普(dinocap)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、吡菌硫(dipyrithione)、灭菌磷(ditalimfos)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、十二环吗啉(dodemorph)、多果定(dodine)、肼菌酮(drazoxolon)、敌瘟磷(ediphenphos)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、乙嘧酚(ethirimol)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、恶唑菌酮(famoxadon)、咪菌腈(fenapanil)、氯苯嘧啶醇(fenarimol)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、甲呋酰胺(fenfuram)、种衣酯(fenitropan)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、三苯基乙酸锡(fentin acetate)、羟基三苯锡(fentin hydroxide)、福美铁(ferbam)、嘧菌腙(ferimzon)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、氟酰菌胺(flumetover)、氟氯菌核利(fluoromide)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、灭菌丹(folpet)、三乙磷酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、三乙磷酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、四氯苯酞(fthalide)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、呋霜灵(furalaxyl)、呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、furcarbonil、呋菌唑(furconazole)、呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)、拌种胺(furmecyclox)、双胍盐(guazatine)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、恶霉灵(hymexazole)、抑霉唑(imazalil)、亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)、双八胍盐(iminoctadine-albesilate)、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine-triacetate)、iodocarb、种菌唑(ipconazole)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos,IBP)、异菌脲(iprodione)、人间霉素(irumamycin)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、氯苯咪菌酮(isovaledione)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、铜制剂,例如氢氧化铜、环烷酸铜、氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)、硫酸铜、一氧化铜、喹啉铜(oxine-copper)和波尔多液,代森锰铜(mancopper)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、meferimzone、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、叶菌唑(metconazole)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、代森联(metiram)、metomeclam、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、呋酰胺(ofurace)、恶霜灵(oxadixyl)、oxamocarb、喹菌酮(oxolinic acid)、oxycarboxim、oxyfenthiin、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、氯瘟磷(phosdiphen)、多马霉素(pimaricin)、病花灵(piperalin)、多抗霉素(polyoxine)、polyoxorim、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、腐霉利(procymidon)、霜霉威(propamocarb)、propanosine-sodium、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙森锌(propineb)、吡菌磷(pyrazophos)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、氯吡呋醚(pyroxyfur)、唑喹菌酮(quinconazole)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene,PCNB)、硫和硫制剂,戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、四环唑(tetcyclacis)、四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)、甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、福美双(thiram)、硫氰苯甲酰胺(tioxymld)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、甲苯氟磺胺(tolylfluanid)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、叶锈特(triazbutil)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、水杨菌胺(trichlamide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、十三吗啉(tridemorph)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、嗪胺灵(triforine)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、有效霉素(validamycinA)、乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)、烯霜苯唑(viniconazole)、氰菌胺(zarilamid)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram)
以及咪草酸(Dagger)G,OK-8705、OK-8801、α-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-β-(2-苯氧基乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-氟-β-丙基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-甲氧基-α-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、α-(5-甲基-1,3-二噁烷-5-基)-β-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、(5RS,6RS)-6-羟基-2,2,7,7-四甲基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3-辛酮、(E)-α-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-苯氧基苯基乙酰胺、{2-甲基-1-[[[1-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]氨基]羰基]丙基}氨基甲酸-1-异丙酯、1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮-O-(苯基甲基)肟、1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-(2-丙烯基)-2,5-吡咯烷二酮、1-[(二碘甲基)磺酰基]-4-甲基苯、1-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基]-1H-咪唑、1-[[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-苯基环氧乙基]甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑、1-[1-[2-[(2,4-二氯苯基)甲氧基]苯基]乙烯基]-lH-咪唑、1-甲基-5-壬基-2-(苯基甲基)-3-吡咯烷醇、2′,6′-二溴-2-甲基-4′-三氟甲氧基-4′-三氟甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、2,2-二氯-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-乙基-3-甲基环丙烷甲酰胺、硫氰酸-2,6-二氯-5-(甲硫基)-4-嘧啶基酯、2,6-二氯-N-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺、2,6-二氯-N-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基]苯甲酰胺、2-(2,3,3-三碘-2-丙烯基)-2H-四唑、2-[(1-甲基乙基)磺酰基]-5-(三氯甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-[[6-去氧-4-O-(4-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)-α-D-吡喃葡糖基]氨基]-4-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-5-腈、2-氨基丁烷、2-溴-2-(溴甲基)戊二腈、2-氯-N-(2,3-二氢-1,1,3-三甲基-1H-茚-4-基)-3-吡啶甲酰胺、2-氯-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(异硫氰酰基甲基)乙酰胺、2-苯基苯酚(OPP)、3,4-二氯-1-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、3,5-二氯-N-[氰基-[(1-甲基-2-丙炔基)氧]甲基]苯甲酰胺、3-(1,1-二甲基丙基-1-氧代)-1H-茚-2-腈、3-[2-(4-氯苯基)-5-乙氧基-3-异噁唑烷基]吡啶、4-氯-2-氰基-N,N-二甲基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑-1-磺酰胺、4-甲基四唑并[1,5-a]喹唑啉-5(4H)-酮、8-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-N-乙基-N-丙基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2-甲胺、8-羟基喹啉硫酸化物、9H-呫吨-9-羧酸-N-2-[(苯基氨基)羰基]酰肼、3-甲基-4-[(3-甲基苯甲酰基)氧]-2,5-噻吩二羧酸-双-(1-甲基乙基)酯、顺-1-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)环庚醇、顺-4-[3-[4-(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基-2-甲基丙基]-2,6-二甲基吗啉盐酸化物、[(4-氯苯基)偶氮]氰基乙酸乙酯、碳酸氢钾、甲基四硫醇钠、1-(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-1H-茚-1-基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯、N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(5-异噁唑基羰基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、N-(氯乙酰基)-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、N-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基环己烷甲酰胺、N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-呋喃基)乙酰胺、N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺、N-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)-4-甲基-3-硝基苯磺酰胺、N-(4-环己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、N-(4-己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、N-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)乙酰胺、N-((6-甲氧基)-3-吡啶基)环丙烷甲酰胺、N-[2,2,2-三氯-1-[(氯乙酰基)氨基]乙基]苯甲酰胺、N-[3-氯-4,5-双-(2-丙炔氧基)苯基]-N′-甲氧基甲基imidamide、N-甲酰基-N-羟基-DL-丙氨酸钠、O,O-二乙基-[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]乙基硫代磷酰氨基酯、O-甲基-S-苯基-苯基丙基硫代磷酰氨基酯、S-甲基-1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-7-硫代甲酸酯、螺[2H]-1-苯并吡喃-2,1′(3′H)-异苯并呋喃-3′-酮。
杀细菌剂:
溴硝醇(bronopol)、双氯酚、三氯甲基吡啶(nitrapyrin)、福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、春雷霉素、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、呋喃甲酸(furancarboxylic acid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、链霉素(streptomycin)、叶枯酞、硫酸铜和其他铜制剂。
杀昆虫剂/杀螨剂/杀线虫剂:
阿维菌素(abamectin)、乙酰甲胺磷(acephate)、啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、砜灭威(aldoxycarb)、顺式氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin,alphamethrin)、双甲脒(amitraz)、阿维菌素(avermectin)、AZ 60541、印楝素(azadirachtin)、甲基吡恶磷(azamethiphos)、益棉磷(azinphos A)、保棉磷(azinphos M)、唑环锡(azocyclotin)、波林杆菌芽孢(Bacillus popilliae)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、杆状病毒(baculoviruses)、巴西安白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、纤细白僵菌(Beauveria tenella)、恶虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、高效氟氯氰菊酯(betacyfluthrin)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、bioethanomethrin、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、仲丁威(BPMC)、溴硫磷(bromophos)A、合杀威(bufencarb)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、特嘧硫磷(butathiofos)、丁叉威(butocarboxim)、丁基哒螨酮(butylpyridaben)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、西维因(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、三硫磷(carbophenothion)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、巴丹(cartap)、chloethocarb、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氟啶脲(chlorfluazuron)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、毒死蜱M、chlovaporthrin、顺式苄呋菊酯(cis-resmethrin)、顺式氯菊酯(cis-permethrin)、功夫菊酯(clocythrin)、除线威(cloethocarb)、四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、cycloprene、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、内吸磷(demeton)M、内吸磷(demeton)S、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、丁醚脲(diafenthiuron)、二嗪磷(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)、除虫脲(diflubenzuron)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、苯虫醚(diofenolan)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、碘酰丁二辛(docusatesodium)、苯氧炔螨(dofenapyn)、eflusilanate、阿维菌素(emamectin)、右旋烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、硫丹(endosulfan)、虫霉属种(Entomophthora spp.)、高效氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、乙虫清(ethiprole)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、乙螨唑(etoxazole)、乙嘧硫磷(etrimfos)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、苯丁锡(fenbutatin oxide)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、苯硫威(fenothiocarb)、fenoxacrim、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、必螨立克(fenpyrad)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpyrithrin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟虫腈(fipronil)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶蜱脲(fluazuron)、溴氟菊酯(flubrocythrinate)、氟环脲(flucycloxuron)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟螨嗪(flutenzine)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、地虫硫磷(fonophos)、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)、噻唑磷(fosthiazate)、fubfenprox、呋线威(furathiocarb)、颗粒体病毒(granulosis virus)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、六六六(HCH)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、茚虫威(indoxacarb)、氯唑磷(isazofos)、异柳磷(isofenphos)、恶唑磷(isoxathion)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、核多角体病毒(nuclear polyhedrosis virus)、氯氟氰菊酯(lamda-cyhalothrin)、虱螨脲(lufenuron)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、四聚乙醛(metaldehyde)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、绿僵菌(Metharhizium anisopliae)、黄绿绿僵菌(Metharhiziumflavoviride)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲硫威(methiocarb)、灭多威(methomyl)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、速灭威(metolcarb)、恶虫酮(metoxadiazone)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、弥拜螨素(milbemectin)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)、氟酰脲(novaluron)、氧乐果(omethoate)、杀线威(oxamyl)、亚砜磷(oxydemeton)M、玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomycesfumosoroseus)、对硫磷(parathion)A、对硫磷M、氯菊酯(permethrin)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、pirimiphos A、pirimiphos M、丙溴磷(profenofos)、猛杀威(promecarb)、炔螨特(propargite)、残杀威(propoxur)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、发硫磷(prothoate)、吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、反灭虫菊(pyresmethrin)、除虫菊素(pyrethrum)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、pyridathion、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、吡丙醚(pyriproxyfen)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、利巴韦林(ribavirin)、蔬果磷(salithion)、硫线磷(sebufos)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、多杀菌素(spinosad)、螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、虫酰肼(tebufenozide)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimiphos)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、双硫磷(temephos)、灭虫畏(temivinphos)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、辛体氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、噻丙腈(thiapronil)、thiatriphos、杀虫环草酸盐(thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、敌贝特(thuringiensin)、氟溴氰菊酯(tralocythrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、苯螨噻(triarathene)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、三唑磷(triazophos)、triazuron、trichlophenidine、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、杀铃脲(triflumuron)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、蚜灭磷(vamidothion)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole)、蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillum lecanii)、YI-5302、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、zolaprofos,
并且还有(1R-顺)-[5-(苯甲基)-3-呋喃基]甲基-3-[(二氢-2-氧代-3(2H)呋喃亚基)甲基]-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸酯、(3-苯氧基苯基)甲基-2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙烷羧酸酯、1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺、2-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-4-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯基]-4,5-二氢噁唑、2-(乙酰氧基)-3-十二烷基-1,4-萘二酮、2-氯-N-[[[4-(1-苯基乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、2-氯-N-[[[4-(2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、丙基氨基甲酸3-甲基苯酯、4-[4-(4-乙氧基苯基)-4-甲基戊基]-1-氟-2-苯氧基苯、4-氯-2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-[[2-(2,6-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙基]硫代]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、4-氯-2-(2-氯-2-甲基丙基)-5-[(6-碘-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、4-氯-5-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)菌株EG-2348、苯甲酸-N-[2-苯甲酰-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)]酰肼、丁酸2,2-二甲基-3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4.5]十二-3-烯-4-基酯、N-[3-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-噻唑亚烷基(thiazolidinylidene)]氨基氰、二氢-2-(硝基亚甲基)-2H-1,3-噻嗪-3(4H)-甲醛、[2-[[1,6-二氢-6-氧代-1-(苯甲基)-4-哒嗪基]氧]乙基]氨基甲酸乙酯、N-(3,4,4-三氟-1-氧代-3-丁烯基)甘氨酸、N-(4-氯苯基)-3-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-4-苯基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酰胺、N-甲基-N’-(1-甲基-2-丙烯基)-1,2-肼二硫代羧酸酰胺(hydrazinedicarbothioamide)、N-甲基-N’-2-丙烯基-1,2-肼二硫代羧酸酰胺、O,O-二乙基[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]乙基硫代磷酰氨基酯。
还可与其他已知的活性化合物——例如除草剂——混合,或者与肥料和生长调节剂混合。
用作杀昆虫剂时,以市售制剂形式以及由所述制剂制备的使用形式的本发明的活性化合物结合物还可以与增效剂混合的形式存在。增效剂为提高活性化合物活性、而其本身不一定具有活性的化合物。
由市售制剂制备的使用形式的活性化合物含量可在宽的范围内变化。使用形式的活性化合物浓度可为0.0000001至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.0001至1重量%。
所述化合物以与使用形式相适应的常规方式使用。
用于防治卫生害虫和贮存产品害虫时,本发明的活性化合物结合物在以下两方面表现卓越,即木材及粘土上的极好的残留活性,以及对石灰基质上的碱的良好稳定性。
本发明的活性化合物结合物不仅对植物害虫、卫生害虫和贮存产品害虫具有活性,还在兽医领域对动物寄生虫(体外寄生虫),例如硬蜱、软蜱、疥螨、秋螨、蝇(叮咬和吸食)、寄生蝇幼虫、虱、头虱、羽虱和蚤也具有活性。
本发明的活性化合物结合物还适用于防治侵扰农业生产牲畜的节肢动物,上述农业生产牲畜包括例如牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔、小鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅、蜜蜂,其它家畜例如狗、猫、笼鸟、观赏鱼,及已知的实验动物例如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠。通过使用本发明的活性化合物结合物防治上述节肢动物,牲畜的死亡情况和(肉、奶、毛、皮、蛋、蜜等的)生产能力降低的情况会减少,以致于可使畜牧业更经济和更简单。
本发明的活性化合物结合物以已知的方式用于兽医领域中,可通过例如片剂、胶囊剂、饮剂、浸剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、丸剂、喂服(feed-through)法、栓剂的方式进行肠内给药,可通过例如注射(肌内、皮下、静脉、腹膜内等)、植入进行肠外给药,可鼻部给药,可通过例如浸泡或洗浴、喷雾、泼浇、点滴、清洗、撒粉的形式,借助于含活性化合物的模型制品、例如项圈、耳标、尾标、肢体缚带(limbband)、笼头、标识器等进行皮肤给药。
用于牲畜、家禽、家畜等时,活性化合物可以包括1至80重量%的活性化合物的制剂(例如粉剂、乳剂、自由流动的制剂)的形式直接使用,或稀释100至10000倍后使用,或以化学药浴剂(chemicalbath)形式使用。
而且,已发现本发明的活性化合物结合物对毁坏工业材料的昆虫具有强杀昆虫活性。
本发明中工业材料的含义应理解为非活体(non-living)材料,例如,优选为塑料制品、胶粘剂、胶料、纸张和纸板、皮革、木材、木材制品和涂料。
待保护以免受昆虫侵害的材料极特别优选木材及木材制品。
可由本发明的组合物或含有所述组合物的混合物保护的木材及木材制品的含义应理解为,例如:
建筑木材、木梁、铁路枕木、桥梁组件、船的突堤、木制交通工具、箱、货板、集装箱、电线杆、木型板(wood lagging)、木制门窗、胶合板、刨花板、细木工制品,或较常用于房屋建造或建筑木工的木材制品。
该活性化合物结合物可直接使用,或者以浓缩物或一般常规制剂形式使用,所述常规制剂例如粉末剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂或膏剂。
上面提及的制剂可以本身已知的方式制备,例如将活性化合物与至少一种溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘合剂或固定剂、防水剂混合,如果合适还可与干燥剂及UV稳定剂混合,并且如果合适也可与着色剂和颜料混合,以及其它加工助剂混合。
用于保护木材及木材制品的杀昆虫组合物或浓缩物,含有浓度为0.0001至95重量%、特别是0.001至60重量%的本发明活性化合物。
组合物或浓缩物的使用量取决于昆虫的种类、多少以及介质。各应用条件下的最佳使用量可分别通过一系列的试验而确定。但一般而言,以待保护的材料为基准,使用0.0001至20重量%,优选0.001至10重量%的活性化合物就已足够。
合适的溶剂和/或稀释剂为有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物,和/或低挥发性油性或油型的有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物,和/或极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物,和/或水,以及,如果合适还有乳化剂和/或湿润剂。
优选使用的有机化学溶剂为蒸发值(evaporation number)高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的油性或油型的溶剂。使用的所述不溶于水的低挥发性油性和油型的溶剂为适宜的矿物油或其芳香性馏分或含矿物油的溶剂混合物,优选石油溶剂、石油和/或烷基苯。
有利地,可使用沸程170至220℃的矿物油、沸程170至220℃的石油溶剂、沸程250至350℃的锭子油、沸程160至280℃的石油及芳香化合物、松节油等。
在一个优选实施方案中,使用沸程180至210℃的液态脂族烃,或沸程180至220℃的芳香烃与脂族烃的高沸点混合物,和/或锭子油,和/或一氯代萘,优选α-一氯代萘。
蒸发值高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的低挥发性有机油性或油型的溶剂,可以部分地用高挥发性或中等挥发性的有机化学溶剂代替,只要溶剂混合物同样也具有高于35的蒸发值和高于30℃、优选高于45℃的闪点,并且所述杀昆虫剂/杀真菌剂的混合物在该溶剂混合物中可溶或可乳化。
在一个优选实施方案中,有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物的一部分被脂族极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物代替。优选使用含羟基和/或酯基和/或醚基的脂族有机化学溶剂,例如乙二醇醚、酯等。
本发明中所使用的有机化学粘合剂为合成树脂,和/或可在水中稀释和/或可在使用的有机化学溶剂中溶解或分散或乳化的本身已知的粘合干性油(binding drying oil),特别是由以下物质组成或包括以下物质的粘合剂:丙烯酸酯树脂,乙烯基树脂例如聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚酯树脂,缩聚或加聚树脂,聚氨酯树脂,醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂,酚树脂,烃类树脂例如茚/苯并呋喃树脂,硅氧烷树脂,干性植物油和/或干性油和/或基于天然和/或合成树脂的物理干性粘合剂。
用作粘合剂的合成树脂可以乳液、分散体或溶液形式使用。沥青或沥青类物质也可用作粘合剂,用量最高为10重量%。此外,还可使用本身均为已知的着色剂、颜料、防水剂、遮味剂以及抑制剂或防蚀剂等等。
依据本发明,组合物或浓缩物优选含有至少一种醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂和/或一种干性植物油作为有机化学粘合剂。依据本发明而优选使用油含量高于45重量%、优选50至68重量%的醇酸树脂。
上述粘合剂的部分或全部可被固定剂(混合物)或增塑剂(混合物)代替。所述添加剂旨在防止活性化合物挥发和结晶或沉淀。所述添加剂优选代替0.01至30%的粘合剂(以所使用的粘合剂为100%计)。
增塑剂源于以下化学类别:邻苯二甲酸酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸苯甲基丁基酯;磷酸酯,例如磷酸三丁酯;己二酸酯,例如己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯;硬脂酸酯,例如硬脂酸丁酯或硬脂酸戊酯;油酸酯,例如油酸丁酯;丙三醇醚或高分子量乙二醇醚、丙三醇酯以及对甲苯磺酸酯。
固定剂化学上基于聚乙烯烷基醚,例如聚乙烯甲基醚,或基于酮,例如二苯甲酮和亚乙基二苯甲酮。
特别地,其它的合适的溶剂或稀释剂也可为水,如果合适,所述水还可为与一种或多种上述有机化学溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂以及分散剂的混合物的形式。
特别有效的木材保护通过工业规模的浸渍工艺而完成,例如真空、双真空或压力工艺。
如果合适,即用的组合物也可另外含其它的杀昆虫剂,而且如果合适也可含一种或多种杀真菌剂。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可同时用于保护与盐水或微咸水接触的物体,特别是船体、筛、网、建筑物、系泊设备及信号系统,以防产生污垢。
由固着性的寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)动物、例如龙介虫科(Serpulidae),以及由贝壳(shell)及Ledamorpha种群(鹅茗荷(goose barnacles)),例如各种茗荷属(Lepas)种及铠茗荷属(Scalpellum)种,或由藤壶(Balanomorpha)种群(藤壶(acornbarnacles)),例如藤壶属(Balanus)种或龟足属(Pollicipes)种引起的污垢,会增加船只的摩擦阻力,结果由于更高的能量消耗和在干船坞上额外的频繁停靠导致运转成本显著增加。
除藻类,例如水云属(Ectocarpus sp.)和角藻属(Ceramium sp.)引起的污垢之外,由归入总称为蔓足纲(Cirripedia)(甲壳纲的蔓足亚纲动物(cirriped crustaceans))的固着性Entomostraka群引起的污垢亦特别重要。
本发明的活性化合物结合物亦适于防治密闭空间内发现的动物害虫,特别是昆虫、蛛形纲动物及螨虫,所述密闭空间包括,例如住所、工厂车间、办公室、交通工具工作间(vehicle cabin)等。所述结合物可单独使用或与用在防治所述害虫的家用杀昆虫产品中的其它活性化合物和助剂结合使用。它们对敏感物种和抗性物种及全部发育阶段均具有活性。
在家用杀虫剂领域的应用也可与其它合适的活性化合物结合实现,上述合适的活性化合物包括例如磷酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、生长调节剂或来自其它已知的杀虫剂种类的活性化合物。
它们可以以下产品的形式使用:气雾剂、真空喷雾(pressure-freespray)产品、例如泵及喷雾器(atomizer)喷雾、自动弥雾系统、烟雾发生器、泡沫剂、凝胶剂、具有由纤维素或聚合物制得的蒸发片(evaporator tablet)的蒸发器产品、流体蒸发器、凝胶和薄膜蒸发器、推进器驱动的蒸发器、无动力(energy-free)或无源(passive)蒸发系统、捕蛾纸、捕蛾袋和捕蛾胶,作为颗粒剂或粉末剂用于抛撒的饵料中或毒饵站(bait station)中。
当施用本发明的活性化合物结合物时,施用率可在宽范围内变化,这取决于施用的类型。当处理植物部位时,活性化合物结合物的施用率通常为0.1-10000g/ha,优选10-1000g/ha。
以下实施例显示出了本发明活性化合物结合物的良好杀虫活性。虽然单独的活性化合物的活性较弱,但结合物的活性超过了化合物活性的简单加和。
两种活性化合物的结合物的灭杀率的计算公式
给定的两种活性化合物结合物的预期活性可按照如下方法计算(参见COLBY,S.R.;“Calculating Synergistic and AntagonisticResponses of Herbicide Combinations”,Weeds 15,第20-22页,1967):
若
X=当以mppm的施用率使用活性化合物A时的灭杀率,表示为未处理对照组的百分比,
Y=当以nppm的施用率使用活性化合物B时的灭杀率,表示为未处理对照组的百分比,
E=当以m和nppm的施用率使用活性化合物A和B时的灭杀率,表示为未处理对照组的百分比,
则
如果实际的昆虫灭杀率超过计算值,则结合物的灭杀率具有超加和性,即存在协同效应。在这种情况下,实际观察到的灭杀率必定超过采用上式算得的预期灭杀率值(E)。
实施例A
桃蚜试验
溶剂: 7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用含有乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将被桃蚜(Myzus persicae)严重侵害的甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中处理。
经过所需时间后,确定灭杀百分率。100%表示杀死所有蚜虫;0%表示无蚜虫被杀死。将所确定的灭杀率代入Colby公式。
本试验中,例如,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物相对于单独施用的活性化合物表现出协同增效的活性(表A1至A3):
表A1
危害植物的昆虫
桃蚜试验
活性化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 6天后的灭杀率(%) | |
甲硫威 | 100 | 50 | |
啶虫脒 | 0.16 | 30 | |
甲硫威+啶虫脒(625∶1) | 100+0.16 | 实测值* | 计算值** |
85 | 65 |
*实测值=实测活性
**计算值=用Colby公式计算的活性
表A2
危害植物的昆虫
桃蚜试验
活性化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 1天后的灭杀率(%) | |
甲硫威 | 20 | 5 | |
噻虫胺 | 0.16 | 0 | |
甲硫威+噻虫胺(125∶1) | 20+0.16 | 实测值* | 计算值** |
70 | 5 |
*实测值=实测活性
**计算值=用Colby公式计算的活性
表A3
危害植物的昆虫
桃蚜试验
活性化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 1天后的灭杀率(%) | |
甲硫威 | 20 | 5 | |
噻虫啉 | 0.8 | 20 | |
甲硫威+噻虫啉(25∶1) | 20+0.8 | 实测值* | 计算值** |
75 | 24 |
*实测值=实测活性
**计算值=用Colby公式计算的活性
实施例B
小菜蛾试验(标准敏感品系(normally sensitive strain))
溶剂: 7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用含有乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella,标准敏感品系)幼虫。
经过所需时间后,确定灭杀百分率。100%表示杀死所有幼虫;0%表示无幼虫被杀死。将所确定的灭杀率代入Colby公式(见表单1)。
本试验中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物相对于单独施用的活
性化合物表现出协同增效的活性:
表B
危害植物的昆虫
小菜蛾(标准敏感品系)试验
活性化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 3天后的灭杀率(%) | |
甲硫威 | 20 | 0 | |
噻虫啉 | 20 | 0 | |
甲硫威+噻虫啉(1∶1) | 20+20 | 实测值* | 计算值** |
35 | 0 |
*实测值=实测活性
**计算值=用Colby公式计算的活性
Claims (15)
2.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威和噻虫啉。
3.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威和噻虫嗪。
4.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威和啶虫脒。
5.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威和烯啶虫胺。
6.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威和呋虫胺。
7.组合物,包括具有协同增效量的甲硫威、噻虫胺和吡虫啉。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物,其特征在于甲硫威与混合组分的重量比为100∶1至1∶50。
9.一种包含吡虫啉和甲硫威的协同增效混合物的组合物用于种子包衣的用途。
10.一种包含噻虫胺和甲硫威的协同增效混合物的组合物用于种子包衣的用途。
11.权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物用于防治动物害虫的用途。
12.权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物用于种子包衣的用途。
13.用于防治害虫的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物作用于害虫和/或其生境。
14.制备农药的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1-8中任一项的协同增效混合物与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合。
15.种子,其特征在于,所述种子已用权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物或一种含吡虫啉和甲硫威或噻虫胺和甲硫威的协同增效混合物的组合物处理。
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CN101366381A (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-02-18 | 江西正邦化工有限公司 | 一种杀虫组合物 |
CN101861877A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-10-20 | 河南省农业科学院 | 一种种子处理剂 |
CN101874500A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-11-03 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN101473828B (zh) * | 2009-02-06 | 2012-01-25 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 一种杀虫农药组合物及其应用 |
CN103039498A (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-17 | 广西汇丰生物科技有限公司 | 含呋虫胺与丙硫克百威的杀虫组合物 |
CN103168789A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN103168790A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
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CN101366381A (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-02-18 | 江西正邦化工有限公司 | 一种杀虫组合物 |
CN101366381B (zh) * | 2008-06-16 | 2012-07-04 | 江西正邦化工有限公司 | 一种杀虫组合物 |
CN101473828B (zh) * | 2009-02-06 | 2012-01-25 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 一种杀虫农药组合物及其应用 |
CN101874500A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-11-03 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN101874500B (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-04-10 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN103168789A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN103168790A (zh) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含噻虫啉的杀虫组合物 |
CN101861877A (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-10-20 | 河南省农业科学院 | 一种种子处理剂 |
CN103039498A (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-17 | 广西汇丰生物科技有限公司 | 含呋虫胺与丙硫克百威的杀虫组合物 |
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