CN100407924C - 协同杀虫混合物 - Google Patents
协同杀虫混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100407924C CN100407924C CNB2004800361771A CN200480036177A CN100407924C CN 100407924 C CN100407924 C CN 100407924C CN B2004800361771 A CNB2004800361771 A CN B2004800361771A CN 200480036177 A CN200480036177 A CN 200480036177A CN 100407924 C CN100407924 C CN 100407924C
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及杀虫混合物,所述杀虫混合物含有杀虫隆和至少另一种已知的氯烟碱类活性化合物。本发明还涉及所述混合物防治害虫的用途。
Description
本发明涉及新的活性化合物结合物,所述活性化合物结合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆(triflumuron)和另一种活性化合物氯烟碱(chloronicotinyl)类,该结合物具有非常良好的杀虫性能。
已知杀虫隆可用于防治动物害虫,特别是昆虫。此外,还已知氯烟碱类,例如,吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)和呋虫胺(dinotefuran),适于防治动物害虫,特别是昆虫。
上述化合物的活性良好;然而,在低施用率下或针对个别害虫时,有时并不令人满意。
现已发现包括杀虫隆,以及在各种情况下一种氯烟碱类化合物的混合物具有协同效应,并且适用于防治动物害虫。利用该协同作用,活性化合物的用量可大大降低,即混合物的活性大于单独组分的活性。
所述化合物是已知的,例如见于《农药手册(The PesticideManual)》,第11版,1997,British Crop Protection Conweil出版,参见第1246页具有下述结构式的杀虫隆、第706页吡虫啉、第9页吡虫清以及第880页硝胺烯啶,
噻虫嗪已知于EP 0 580 553,并具有下述结构式
噻虫胺已知于EP 0 376 279并具有下述结构式
噻虫啉已知于EP 0 235 725并具有下述结构式
呋虫胺已知于EP 0 649 685并具有下述结构式
所使用的活性化合物与待施用的混合物总量的比取决于昆虫的种类和出现率。对于各种应用情况,最佳比值和总施用率可分别通过一系列试验加以确定。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和吡虫啉。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和吡虫清。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和硝胺烯啶。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和呋虫胺。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和噻虫嗪。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和噻虫胺。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
本发明特别优选的混合物包括活性化合物杀虫隆和噻虫啉。在该混合物中,两种活性化合物间的重量比优选为100∶1至1∶100,并且更特别优选10∶1至1∶10。
上述活性化合物结合物具有良好的植物相容性,并且对温血动物具有有利的毒性,因此适用于防治动物害虫、特别是存在于农业、森林、贮存产品和材料保护以及卫生部门中的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和线虫。其优选用作作物保护组合物。它们对通常敏感和抗性的物种以及全部或个别发育阶段具有活性。上述害虫包括:
等足目(Isopoda),例如,栉水虱(Oniscus asellus)、鼠妇(Armadilliudium vulgare)和球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber)。
倍足目(Diplopoda),例如,Blaniulus guttulatus。
唇足目(Chilopoda),例如,Geophilus carpophagus、Scutigeraspp.。
综合目(Symphyla),例如,Scutigerella immaculata。
缨尾目(Thysanura),例如,衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
弹尾目(Collembola),例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)。
直翅目(Orthoptera),例如,家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、非洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoriamigratorioides)、黑蝗属(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocercagregaria)。
蜚蠊目(Blattaria),例如,东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaeamaderae)、德国蠊(Blattella germanica)。
革翅目(Dermaptera),例如,欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)。
等翅目(Isoptera),例如,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.)。
虱目(Phthiraptera),例如,体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、畜虱属(Damalinia spp.)。
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothripsfemoralis)、烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)、苜蓿蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)。
异翅目(Heteroptera),例如,扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、Dysdercus intermedius、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、长红猎蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)。
同翅目(Homoptera),例如,甘蓝粉虱(Aleurodes brassicae)、木薯粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vastatrix)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、瘤蚜属(Myzus spp.)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、Euscelisbilobatus、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、水木坚蚧(Lecaniumcorni)、乌盔蚧(Saissetia oleae)、灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、红肾圆盾蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、常春藤圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)、木虱属(Psylla spp.)。
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,红铃麦蛾(Pectinophoragossypiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobiabrumata)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta padella)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea)、毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、地老虎属(Agrotis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属(Feltia spp.)、埃及金刚钻(Earias insulana)、实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestrabrassicae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodopteraspp.)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsapomonella)、菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、禾草螟属(Chilo spp.)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophilapseudospretella)、亚麻黄卷蛾(Cacoecia podana)、Capuareticulana、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、茶长卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix viridana)、Cnaphalocerus spp.、水稻负泥虫(Oulemaoryzae)。
鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如,家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、北美家天牛(Hylotrupesbajulus)、杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、辣根猿叶虫(Phaedon cochleariae)、叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodes chrysocephala)、墨西哥大豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、Atomaria spp.、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、花象属(Anthonomus spp.)、谷象属(Sitophilus spp.)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉根颈象(Cosmopolites sordidus)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、毛皮蠹属(Attagenus spp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptushololeucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、拟谷盗属(Triboliumspp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、叩甲属(Agriotes spp.)、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、西方五月鳃角金龟(Melolonthamelolontha)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallon solstitialis)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)。
膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如,松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、实叶蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomoriumpharaonis)、胡蜂属(Vespa spp.)。
双翅目(Diptera),例如,伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anophelesspp.)、库蚊属(Culex spp.)、黑尾果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoraerythrocephala)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyiaspp.)、黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、Hyppobosca spp.、螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、Tannia spp.、Bibio hortulanus、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、草种蝇属(Phorbiaspp.)、藜泉蝇(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitiscapitata)、橄榄大实蝇(Dacus oleae)、欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza spp.)。
蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。
蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,中东金蝎(Scorpio maurus)、黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)、粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro)、锐缘蜱属(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、茶藨瘿螨(Eriophyes ribis)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus spp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、璃眼蜱属(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodes spp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptesspp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptes spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、跗线螨属(Tarsonemus spp.)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetiosa)、全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.)、叶螨属(Tetranychus spp.)、半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.)、短须螨属(Brevipalpus spp.)。
植物寄生线虫包括,例如,短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci)、半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)、异皮线虫属(Heterodera spp.)、球异皮线虫属(Globodera spp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogyne spp.)、滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides spp.)、长针线虫属(Longidorus spp.)、剑线虫属(Xiphinema spp.)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus spp.)、伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)。
所有的植物及植物部位均可依据本发明来处理。本发明中植物的含义应理解为所有的植物和植物种群,例如需要的和不需要的野生植物或作物(包括自然存在的作物)。作物可以是通过常规植物育种和优选法或通过生物技术和基因工程方法或通过所述方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物,也包括受植物种苗权保护或不受其保护的植物栽培种。植物部位的含义应理解为植物所有的地上及地下部位和器官,例如芽、叶、花和根,可提出的实例有叶、针叶、茎、干、花、子实体(fruit-body)、果实、种子、根、块茎和根茎。植物部位还包括采收物,以及无性和有性繁殖物,例如秧苗、块茎、根茎、插条和种子。
在本发明中可强调的是,本发明组合物在用于以下植物时具有特别有利的效果,所述植物包括:谷物植物,例如小麦、燕麦、大麦、斯卑尔脱小麦、黑小麦和黑麦;以及玉米、高粱、粟、水稻、甘蔗、大豆、向日葵、马铃薯、棉花、油菜、双低油菜(canola)、烟草、甜菜、饲料甜菜、芦笋、酒花以及果树(包括仁果类水果,例如苹果、梨;核果类水果,例如桃、油桃、樱桃、李和杏;柑橘类水果,例如橙、葡萄柚、青柠、柠檬、金桔、桔、无核蜜橘;坚果类,例如阿月浑子、杏仁、胡桃以及美洲山核桃;热带水果,例如芒果、番木瓜、菠萝、海枣、香蕉以及葡萄)和蔬菜(包括叶菜类蔬菜,例如苣荬菜、野苣、茴香、莴苣、直立莴苣、瑞士甜菜、菠菜以及用于沙拉的菊苣;甘蓝,例如花椰菜、椰菜、大白菜、芸苔属羽衣甘蓝(Brassica oleracea(L.)convar.acephala var.sabellica L.)(皱叶芥兰、羽衣甘蓝)、大头菜、抱子甘蓝、红球甘蓝、白球甘蓝以及皱叶甘蓝;果菜类蔬菜,例如茄子、黄瓜、辣椒、鲜实南瓜(table pumpkin)、蕃茄、小胡瓜以及甜玉米;根菜类蔬菜,例如块根芹、野生芜箐、胡萝卜(包括黄色栽培变种、以及Raphanus sativus ssp.sativus和黑萝卜(Raphanussativus ssp.niger)、甜菜根、鸦葱以及芹菜;豆科植物类,例如豌豆和豆类;以及葱科蔬菜,例如韭葱以及洋葱)。
本发明的使用活性化合物结合物对植物和植物部位进行的处理,通过常规处理方法直接进行,或通过处理其所处环境、生境或储存空间来实现。所述常规处理方法例如浸泡、喷雾、蒸发、雾化(misting)、撒播、涂抹(painting on),并且,对于繁殖材料,尤其是种子,还可涂布一层或多层。
本发明的混合物尤其适于处理种子。大多数由害虫引起的对作物的侵害早在种子贮存期间、种子播入土壤后、以及植物发芽期间或刚发芽后受到感染时就已经发生了。由于生长中的植物的根和芽特别敏感,即使轻微的侵害也可导致整株植物死亡,因此这一阶段尤为重要。故而,故而采用适宜的组合物保护种子和发芽中的植物具有特别重大的意义。
通过处理植物种子防治害虫早已众所周知,也是持续改进的主题。然而,种子的处理经常会遇到一系列一直无法满意解决的问题。因此,需要开发保护种子和发芽植物的方法,避免在种植后或植物发芽后另外施用农作物保护产品。此外,还需要优化活性化合物的用量以提供使种子和发芽植物免受害虫侵害的最佳保护,而所使用的活性化合物不侵害植物本身。特别是,处理种子的方法应考虑转基因植物的固有杀虫性能,从而使用最少的作物保护产品获得对种子和发芽植物的最佳保护。
因此,本发明具体还涉及使用本发明组合物处理种子,以保护种子和植物,特别是发芽植物不受害虫侵害的方法。本发明还涉及将本发明组合物用于处理种子以保护种子和发芽植物不受害虫侵害的用途。此外,本发明还涉及经本发明组合物处理过的、从而受到保护不受害虫侵害的种子。
本发明的优点之一在于本发明组合物具有独特的全身性性能(systemic property),这意味着这些组合物处理种子不仅保护种子本身免受害虫侵害,还保护发芽后的植物免受害虫侵害。通过这种方式,可避免在播种时或在刚播种后对农作物进行即时处理。
本发明的另一优点在于,与相应的单独活性化合物相比,本发明组合物的杀虫活性协同提高,该杀虫活性超过了两种活性化合物单独施用时的活性总和。这使得能够优化活性化合物的用量。
此外,亦须视作优点的是,本发明的混合物具体而言还可用于转基因种子,从这类种子长成的植物能够表达一种抵抗害虫的蛋白质。通过使用本发明的组合物处理这类种子,某些害虫可仅由所表达的例如杀昆虫蛋白质所防治,并且令人惊奇的是,本发明组合物加和得到协同互补活性,这又提高了保护种子抵抗害虫侵害的效果。
本发明组合物适于保护上述任何用于农业、温室、森林、园艺或葡萄园栽培的植物种类的种子。具体而言,适于玉米、花生、双低油菜、油菜、罂粟、橄榄、椰子、可可、黄豆、棉花、甜菜类(例如糖用甜菜根、饲料甜菜)、水稻、高粱以及粟、小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、向日葵、甘蔗或烟草的种子。本发明组合物还适于处理上述果树和蔬菜的种子。对玉米、黄豆、棉花、小麦和双低油菜或油菜种子的处理尤为重要。因此,例如,包含活性化合物灭虫威(methiocarb)和吡虫啉的本发明混合物尤其适于处理玉米种子。
如上所述,用本发明组合物处理转基因种子也尤为重要。这种类型的植物种子通常包含至少一种控制多肽表达,特别是具有杀虫特性的多肽表达的异源基因。在本发明中,转基因种子中的异源基因可以由微生物产生,所述微生物例如芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)、棒形杆菌属(Clavibactet)、球囊霉菌属(Glomus)或胶枝菌属(Gliocladium)。本发明尤其适于处理包含至少一种源于芽孢杆菌属的异源基因的转基因种子,且其基因产物表现出具有抵抗欧洲玉米螟和/或玉米根蠕虫(corn root worm)的活性。尤其优选源于苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的异源基因。
在本发明的范围内,将本发明组合物单独或以适宜的剂型施用于种子。优选地,在种子的稳定性足以避免处理期间的侵害的状态下进行处理。总的来说,可在收获和播种之间的任何时候对种子进行处理。通常,使用的种子已与植株分离,并且不含穗轴、壳、杆、表皮、茸毛或果肉。
处理种子时,通常必须注意,施用至种子的本发明组合物的用量和/或其它添加剂的用量选择成使种子发芽免受不利影响,或使所得植物免受侵害。在活性化合物于某些施用率下可能具有植物毒性效应的情况下尤应注意这一点。
本发明组合物可直接施用,即不含其它组分且不进行稀释。通常,优选以合适的剂型将组合物施用于种子。处理种子的合适剂型和方法对本领域技术人员来说是已知的,并且记载在例如以下文件中:US4,272,417 A、US 4,245,432 A、US 4,808,430 A、US 5,876,739 A、US 2003/0176428 A1、WO 2002/080675 A1、WO 2002/028186 A2。
本发明活性化合物结合物可转化为常规制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉末剂(dust)、膏剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、悬浮浓缩剂、经活性化合物浸渍的天然以及合成材料,以及于聚合物材料中的微胶囊。
这些制剂以已知的方式制备,例如将活性化合物与填充剂混合,即与液体溶剂和/或固体载体混合,同时可选择性使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
若使用的填充剂为水,还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。适合的液体溶剂主要有:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯化芳香族化合物和氯化脂肪烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂肪烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,如矿物油馏分、矿物油和植物油;醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜,以及水。
适合的固体载体有:例如铵盐和粉碎的天然矿物,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石粉、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及粉碎的合成矿物,例如研细的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐;适用于颗粒剂的固体载体有:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,以及合成的无机和有机粉颗粒,以及有机材料颗粒例如锯木屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎;适合的乳化剂和/或发泡剂有:例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐和蛋白质水解产物;适合的分散剂有:例如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳状的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,以及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,和合成磷脂。其他添加剂可以是矿物油和植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料、例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,以及有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料,以及微量营养素例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
制剂一般包括0.1至95重量%、优选0.5至90重量%的活性化合物。
优选地,本发明的活性化合物结合物除结构式(I)至(VII)中的两种氯烟碱类杀虫剂以外,不包含其它活性化合物。
在适当情况下,市售制剂型的、以及由这些市售制剂制得的使用形式的本发明活性化合物结合物,可与其它活性化合物一起以混合物的形式存在,所述其它活性化合物例如杀虫剂、引诱剂、消毒剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂或除草剂。杀虫剂包括,例如磷酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、羧酸酯类、氯代烃类、苯基脲类、由微生物制得的物质等。
混合物中特别有利的组分的实例如下:
杀真菌剂:
aldimorph、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、氨丙膦酸钾、andoprim、敌菌灵(anilazine)、戊环唑(azaconazole)、腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、
苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、苄烯酸(benzamacril)、异丁基苄烯酸、双丙氨酰膦(bialaphos)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、联苯、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、粉并定(buthiobate)、
多硫化钙、卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、香芹酮(carvone)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、灭瘟唑(chlobenthiazone)、苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)、地茂散(chloroneb)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、clozylacon、硫杂灵(cufraneb)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、
双乙氧咪唑威(debacarb)、双氯酚(dichlorophen)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、diclofluanid、哒菌清(diclomezine)、氯硝胺(dicloran)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、噁醚唑(difenoconazole)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、敌螨普(dinocap)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、双吡硫翁(dipyrithione)、灭菌磷(ditalimfos)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、dodine、敌菌酮(drazoxolon)、
克瘟散(edifenphos)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、乙菌定(ethirimol)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、
噁唑酮菌(famoxadon)、菌拿灵(fenapanil)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、甲呋酌苯胺(fenfuram)、种衣酯(fenitropan)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、三苯基乙酸锡(fentin acetate)、毒菌锡(fentin hydroxide)、福美铁(ferbam)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氟氯菌核利(fluoromide)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、灭菌丹(folpet)、藻菌磷(fosetyl-aluminium)、藻菌磷钠(fosetyl-sodium)、四氯苯酞(fthalide)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、呋氨丙灵(furalaxyl)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、furcarbonil、呋菌唑(furconazole)、呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)、拌种胺(furmecyclox)、
双胍盐(guazatine)、
六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、土菌消(hymexazole)、
烯菌灵(imazalil)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)、iminoctadine albesilate、双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)、iodocarb、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos(IBP))、异丙定(iprodione)、人间霉素(irumamycin)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、氯苯咪菌酮(isovaledione)、
春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、铜制剂例如:氢氧化铜、环烷酸铜、氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)、硫酸铜、一氧化铜、喹啉铜(oxine-copper)和波尔多液(Bordeauxmixture)、
锰铜混剂(mancopper)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、meferimzone、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、甲呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、代森联(metiram)、metomeclam、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、
福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、异丙消(nitrothal-isopropyl)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、
甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、oxamocarb、喹菌酮(oxolinic acid)、oxycarboxim、oxyfenthiin、
多效唑(paclobutrazole)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、双氯苯磷(phosdiphen)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、多马霉素(pimaricin)、粉病灵(piperalin)、多抗霉素(polyoxins)、polyoxorim、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、杀菌利(procymidone)、百维灵(propamocarb)、propanosine-sodium、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙森锌(propineb)、吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclos trobin)、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、氯吡呋醚(pyroxyfur)、
唑喹菌酮(quinconazole)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene(PCNB))、硫和硫制剂、
戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、tetcyclacis、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、福美双(thiram)、tioxymid、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、丁三唑(triazbutil)、唑菌嗪(triazoxide)、杨菌胺(trichlamide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、克啉菌(tridemorph)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、
有效霉素A(validamycin A)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin)、烯霜苄唑(viniconazole)、
氯菌胺(zarilamid)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram),以及
Dagger G、
OK-8705、
OK-8801、
α-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-β-(2-苯氧基乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-氟-β-丙基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(2,4-二氯苯基)-β-甲氧基-α-甲基-1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
α-(5-甲基-1,3-二噁烷-5-基)-β-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙醇、
(5RS,6RS)-6-羟基-2,2,7,7-四甲基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3-辛酮、
(E)-α-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基-2-苯氧基苯基乙酰胺、
{2-甲基-1-[[[1-(4-甲基苯基)乙基]氨基]羰基]丙基}氨基甲酸-1-异丙酯、
1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮-O-(苯基甲基)肟、
1-(2-甲基-1-萘基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-(2-丙烯基)-2,5-吡咯烷二酮、
1-[(二碘甲基)磺酰基]-4-甲基苯、
1-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基]-1H-咪唑、
1-[[2-(4-氯苯基)-3-苯基环氧乙基]甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑、
1-[1-[2-[(2,4-二氯苯基)甲氧基]苯基]乙烯基]-1H-咪唑、
1-甲基-5-壬基-2-(苯基甲基)-3-吡咯烷醇、
2′,6′-二溴-2-甲基-4′-三氟甲氧基-4′-三氟甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酰苯胺、
2,2-二氯-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-乙基-3-甲基环丙烷甲酰胺、
硫氰酸-2,6-二氯-5-(甲硫基)-4-嘧啶基酯、
2,6-二氯-N-(4-三氟甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺、
2,6-二氯-N-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基]苯甲酰胺、
2-(2,3,3-三碘-2-丙烯基)-2 H-四唑、
2-[(1-甲基乙基)磺酰基]-5-(三氯甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑、
2-[[6-去氧-4-O-(4-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)-α-D-吡喃葡糖基]氨基]-4-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-5-腈、
2-氨基丁烷、
2-溴-2-(溴甲基)戊二腈、
2-氯-N-(2,3-二氢-1,1,3-三甲基-1H-茚-4-基)-3-吡啶甲酰胺、
2-氯-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(异硫氰酰基甲基)乙酰胺、
2-苯基苯酚(OPP)、
3,4-二氯-1-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮、
3,5-二氯-N-[氰基-[(1-甲基-2-丙炔基)氧]甲基]苯甲酰胺、
3-(1,1-二甲基丙基)-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-腈、
3-[2-(4-氯苯基)-5-乙氧基-3-异噁唑烷基]吡啶、
4-氯-2-氰基-N,N-二甲基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑-1-磺酰胺、
4-甲基四唑并[1,5-a]喹唑啉-5(4H)-酮、
8-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-N-乙基-N-丙基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2-甲胺、
8-羟基喹啉硫酸化物、
9H-咕吨-9-羧酸-2-[(苯基氨基)羰基]酰肼、
3-甲基-4-[(3-甲基苯甲酰基)氧]-2,5-噻吩二羧酸-双-(1-甲基乙基)酯、
顺-1-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)环庚醇、
顺-4-[3-[4-(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基-2-甲基丙基]-2,6-二甲基吗啉盐酸化物、
[(4-氯苯基)偶氮]氰基乙酸乙酯、
碳酸氢钾、
甲基四硫醇钠盐、
1-(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-1H-茚-1-基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸甲酯、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(5-异噁唑基羰基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、
N-(氯乙酰基)-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-DL-丙氨酸甲酯、
N-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基环己烷甲酰胺、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-呋喃基)乙酰胺、
N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(四氢-2-氧代-3-噻吩基)乙酰胺、
N-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)-4-甲基-3-硝基苯磺酰胺、
N-(4-环己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、
N-(4-己基苯基)-1,4,5,6-四氢-2-嘧啶胺、
N-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-N-(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)乙酰胺、
N-(6-甲氧基)-3-吡啶基环丙烷甲酰胺、
N-[2,2,2-三氯-1-[(氯乙酰基)氨基]乙基]苯甲酰胺、
N-[3-氯-4,5-双-(2-丙炔氧基)苯基]-N′-甲氧基-methaneimidamide、
N-甲酰基-N-羟基-DL-丙氨酸钠盐、
O,O-二乙基-[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]ethylphosphoramidothioate酯、
O-甲基-S-苯基-苯基丙基phosphoramidothioate酯
S-甲基-1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-7-硫代甲酸酯、
螺[2H]-1-苯并吡喃-2,1′(3′H)-异苯并呋喃-3′-酮;
杀细菌剂:
溴硝丙二醇(bronopol)、双氯酚、三氯甲基吡啶(nitrapyrin)、福美镍、春雷霉素、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、羧酸呋喃(furancarboxylic acid)、土霉素(oxytetracyclin)、噻菌灵、链霉素(streptomycin)、叶枯酞、硫酸铜和其他铜制剂。
杀昆虫剂/杀螨剂/杀线虫剂:
1.乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂
1.1氨基甲酸酯类,例如
棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、砜灭威(aldoxycarb)、除害威(allyxycarb)灭害威(aminocarb)、
噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、必克虱(bufencarb)、畜虫威(butacarb)、丁叉威(butocarboxim)、氧丁叉威(butoxycarboxim)、
西维因(carbayl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、除线威(cloethocarb)、
敌蝇威(dimetilan)、
苯虫威(ethiofencarb)、
丁苯威(fenobucarb)、苯硫威(fenothiocarb)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、
异丙威(isoprocarb)、
威百亩(metam-sodium)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、
甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、
抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、猛杀威(promecarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、
硫双灭多威(thiodicarb)、特氨叉威(thiofanox)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、
XMC、灭杀威(xylylcarb)
唑蚜威(triazamate)
1.2有机磷酸酯类,例如
高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、
乙基溴硫磷(bromophos-ethyl)、溴苯烯磷(bromfenvinfod(-methyl))、特嘧硫磷(butathiofos)、
硫线磷(cadusafos)、三硫磷(carbophenothion)、壤虫氯磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲磷(chlormephos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、乙基毒死蜱、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、苯腈磷(cyanofenphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、
甲基一○五九(demeton-S-methyl)、磺吸磷(demeton-S-methylsulfone)、氯亚磷(dialifos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、除线磷(dichlofenthion)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)/DDVP、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、蔬果磷(dioxabenzofos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、
EPN、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭克磷(ethoprophos)、氧嘧啶磷(etrimfos)、
氨磺磷(famphur)、克线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、丰索磷(fensulfothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、吡氟硫磷(flupyrazofos)、地虫磷(fonofos)、安果(formothion)、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)、噻唑酮磷(fosthiazate)、
庚虫磷(heptenophos)、
碘硫磷(iodofenphos)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、氟唑磷(isazofos)、丙胺磷(isofenphos)、O-水杨酸异丙酯、异噁唑啉(isoxathion)、
马拉松(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、虫螨畏(methacrifos)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、
二溴磷(naled)、
氧化乐果(omethoate)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、
甲基一六○五(parathion methyl)、乙基一六○五(parathionethyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、三九一一(phorate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、乙丙磷威(phosphocarb)、腈肟磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos methyl)、乙基虫螨磷(pirimiphos ethyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙虫磷(propaphos)、烯虫磷(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、发果(prothoate)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、打杀磷(pyridaphenthion)、pyridathion、
喹噁磷(quinalphos)、
硫线磷(sebufos)、硫特普(sulfotep)、乙丙硫磷(sulprofos)、
嘧丙磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、
蚜灭多(vamidothion);
2.钠通道抑扬调节剂/电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂
2.1合成除虫菊酯类,例如
氟酯菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯除虫菊(d-顺-反,d-反)(allethrin(d-cis-trans,d-trans))、
β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、反丙烯除虫菊(bioallethrin)、反丙烯除虫菊-S-环戊基异构体、bioethanomethrin、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、右旋反灭虫菊酯(bioresmethrin)、
chlovaporthrin、顺-氯氰菊酯、顺-灭虫菊(cis-resmethrin)、顺-氯菊酯(cis-permethrin)、功夫菊酯(clocythrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(α-、β-、θ-、ζ-)(cypermethrin(alpha-,beta-,theta-,zeta-))、苯醚氯菊酯(cyphenothrin)、
溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、
烯炔菊酯(1R 异构体)(empenthrin(1R isomer))、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、
五氟苯菊酯(fenfluthrin)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpyrithrin)、灭杀菊酯(fenvalerate)、溴氟菊酯(flubrocythrinate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟丙苄醚(flufenprox)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、fubfenprox、
γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、
炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)、
噻嗯菊酯(kadethrin)、
λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、
甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、
氯菊酯(顺-、反-)、苯醚菊酯(1R 反式异构体)(phenothrin(1Rtrans isomer)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、protrifenbute、反灭虫菊(pyresmethrin)、
灭虫菊、RU-15525、
灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、
氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、环戊烯丙菊酯(terallethrin)、胺菊酯(1R反式异构体)(tetramethrin(1R trans-isomer))、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin)、
ZXI-8901、
除虫菊素(pyrethrin)(除虫菊(pyrethrum))、
DDT;
2.2噁二嗪类(oxadiazine),例如噁二唑虫(indoxacarb)
3.乙酰胆碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂
3.1氯烟碱类,例如
吡虫清(acetamiprid)、
噻虫胺(clothianidin)、
呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、
吡虫啉、
硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)、
噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)
3.2烟碱(nicotine)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、巴丹(cartap)
4.乙酰胆碱受体抑扬调节剂
4.1 spinosyn类,例如艾克敌105(spinosad)
5.GABA受控氯通道拮抗剂
5.1环戊二烯有机氯类,例如
毒杀芬(camphechlor)、氯丹(chlordane)、硫丹(endosulfan)、林丹(gamma-HCH)、HCH、七氯(heptachlor)、林丹(lindane)、甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor)
5.2 Fiprol类,例如
乙酞虫睛(acetoprole)、乙虫清(ethiprole)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole)
6.氯通道激活剂类
6.1 Mectin类,例如
阿维菌素(avermectin)、埃玛菌素(emamectin)、埃玛菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin-benzoate)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)、米尔倍霉素(milbemycin)
7.保幼激素mimetic类,例如
噁茂醚(diofenolan)、epofenonane、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、蒙五一二(hydroprene)、蒙七七七(kinoprene)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxifen)、烯虫硫酯(triprene)
8.蜕皮激素激动剂/干扰剂类(disruptor)
8.1二酰基肼类,例如
环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)
9.甲壳质生物合成抑制剂
9.1苯甲酰脲类,例如
双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟啶蜱脲(fluazuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、氟幼脲(penfluron)、伏虫磷(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)
9.2噻嗪酮(buprofezin)
9.3灭蝇胺(cyromazine)
10.氧化性磷酸化抑制剂,ATP干扰剂类
10.1杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)
10.2有机锡类,例如唑环锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)
11.通过打断H-质子梯度而起作用的氧化性磷酸化去偶剂(decoupler)类
11.1吡咯类,例如氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)
11.2二硝基酚类,例如乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、敌螨普(dinocap)、DNOC
12.Page-I电子转移抑制剂类
12.1 METI类,例如喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧胺苯醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、tolfenpyrad
12.2灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon)
12.3开乐散(dicofol)
13.Page-II电子转移抑制剂类
鱼藤酮(Rotenone)
14.Page-III电子转移抑制剂类
灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、fluacrypyrim
15.昆虫肠道膜微生物干扰剂类
苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)菌株
16.脂肪合成抑制剂
季酮酸类,例如
螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)
特特拉姆酸类(tetramic acids),例如3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1-氮杂螺[4.5]十二-3-烯-4-基乙基碳酸酯(别名:碳酸-3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1-氮杂螺[4.5]十二-3-烯-4-基乙酯,CAS-Reg.-No.:382608-10-8)以及顺-3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧代-1-氮杂螺[4.5]十二-3-烯-4-基乙基碳酸酯(CAS-Reg.-No.:203313-25-1)
17.氨甲酰类,例如氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)
18.Octopaminergic激动剂类,例如虫螨脒(amitraz)
19.镁刺激的ATP酶抑制剂类,例如克螨特(propargite)
20.BDCA类,例如N2-[1,1-二甲基-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基]-3-碘-N1-[2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基]-1,2-苯二氨甲酰(CAS-Re g.-No.:272451-65-7)
21.沙蚕毒素类似物,例如硫赐安(thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate)、杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)
22.生物类,激素类或信息素类,例如
艾扎丁(azadirachtin)、杆菌属、僵菌属、十二碳二烯醇(codlemone)、绿僵菌属(Metarrhizium spec.)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces spec.)、敌贝特(thuringiensin)、轮枝菌属(Verticillium spec.)
23.具有未知或未确定作用机理的活性化合物类
23.1熏蒸剂类,例如
磷酸铝、一溴甲烷、硫酰氟
23.2选择性拒食剂类,例如
冰晶石、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)
23.3螨生长抑制剂类,例如
四螨嗪(clofentezine)、特苯噁唑(etoxazole)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)
23.4 amidoflumet、
benclothiaz、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、
灭螨锰、杀虫脒(chlordimeform)、乙酯杀螨醇(chlorobenzilate)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、clothiazoben、cycloprene、
地昔尼尔(dicyclanil)、
fenoxacrim、氟硝二苯胺(fentrifanil)、噻唑螨(flubenzimine)、flufenerim、氟替阿嗪(flutenzin)、
诱虫十六酯(gossyplure)、
灭蚁腙(hydramethylnone)、
japonilure、
恶虫酮(metoxadiazone)、
石油、
胡椒基丁醚(piperonyl butoxide)、油酸钾、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、
氟虫胺(sulfluramid)、
三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)、杀螨好(tetrasul)、苯赛螨(thiarathene)、verbutin,
以及
(1R-顺)-[5-(苯甲基)-3-呋喃基]甲基-3-[(二氢-2-氧代-3(2H)呋喃亚基)甲基]-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸酯、
(3-苯氧基苯基)甲基-2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙烷羧酸酯、
1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1 H)-亚胺、
2-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-4-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯基]-4,5-二氢噁唑、
2-(乙酰氧基)-3-十二烷基-1,4-萘二酮、
2-氯-N-[[[4-(1-苯基乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、
2-氯-N-[[[4-(2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟乙氧基)苯基]氨基]羰基]苯甲酰胺、
丙基氨基甲酸3-甲基苯酯、
4-[4-(4-乙氧基苯基)-4-甲基戊基]-1-氟-2-苯氧基苯、
4-氯-2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-[[2-(2,6-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯氧基)乙基]硫代]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
4-氯-2-(2-氯-2-甲基丙基)-5-[(6-碘-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-3(2 H)-哒嗪酮、
4-氯-5-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲氧基]-2-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮、
苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)菌株EG-2348、
苯甲酸[2-苯甲酰-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)酰肼、
丁酸2,2-二甲基-3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4.5]十二-3-烯-4-基酯、
[3-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-噻唑亚烷基(thiazolidinylidene)]氨基氰、
二氢-2-(硝基亚甲基)-2H-1,3-噻嗪-3(4H)-甲醛、
[2-[[1,6-二氢-6-氧代-1-(苯甲基)-4-哒嗪基]氧]乙基]氨基甲酸乙酯、
N-(3,4,4-三氟-1-氧代-3-丁烯基)甘氨酸、
N-(4-氯苯基)-3-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-4,5-二氢-4-苯基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酰胺、
N-甲基-N’-(1-甲基-2-丙烯基)-1,2-肼二硫代羧酸酰胺(hydrazinedicarbothioamide)、
N-甲基-N’-2-丙烯基-1,2-肼二硫代羧酸酰胺、
O,O-二乙基[2-(二丙基氨基)-2-氧代乙基]乙基硫代磷酰氨基酯。
也可与其他已知的活性化合物例如除草剂混合,或与肥料和生长调节剂混合。
以市售制剂或由市售制剂制备的使用形式用作杀昆虫剂时,本发明的活性化合物也可以与增效剂混合的形式存在。增效剂为提高活性化合物活性、而其本身不一定具有活性的化合物。
由市售制剂制备的使用形式的活性化合物含量可在较宽的范围内变化。使用形式的活性化合物浓度可为0.0000001至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.0001至1重量%。
它们以适合于使用形式的常规方式施用。
当用于对抗卫生害虫(hygiene pest)和贮存产品的害虫时,活性化合物结合物在以下两方面表现突出:即对木材和粘土具有优良的残留作用,并且对石灰基质上的碱具有良好的稳定性。
本发明的活性化合物结合物不仅对植物害虫、卫生害虫和贮存产品害虫具有活性,而且在兽医领域对动物寄生虫(体外寄生虫)、例如硬蜱、软蜱、疥螨、秋螨、蝇(叮咬和吸食)、寄生蝇幼虫、虱、毛虱、羽虱和蚤也具有活性。所述寄生虫包括:
虱目(Anoplurida),例如血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、虱属(Pediculus spp.)、Phtirus spp.、管虱属(Solenopotes spp.)。
食毛目(Mallophagida)及钝角亚目(Amblycerina)和细角亚目(Ischnocerina),例如毛羽虱属(Trimenopon spp.)、禽虱属(Menoponspp.)、巨羽虱属(Trinoton spp.)、牛羽虱属(Bovicola spp.)、Werneckiella spp.、Lepikentron spp.、畜虱属(Damalina spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、猫羽虱属(Felicola spp.)。
双翅目及长角亚目(Nematocerina)和短角亚目(Brachycerina),例如伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anopheles spp.)、库蚊属(Culexspp.)、蚋属(Simulium spp.)、真蚋属(Eusimulium spp.)、白蛉属(Phlebotomus spp.)、罗蛉属(Lutzomyia spp.)、库蠓属(Culicoides spp.)、斑虻属(Chrysops spp.)、瘤虻属(Hybomitraspp.)、黄虻属(Atylotus spp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、麻虻属(Haematopota spp.)、Philipomyia spp.、蜂虱蝇属(Braula spp.)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、齿股蝇属(Hydrotaea spp.)、螫蝇属(Stomoxysspp.)、黑角蝇属(Haematobia spp.)、莫蝇属(Morellia spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、舌蝇属(Glossina spp.)、丽蝇属(Calliphoraspp.)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、污蝇属(Wohlfahrtia spp.)、麻蝇属(Sarcophaga spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrusspp.)、皮蝇属(Hypoderma spp.)、胃蝇属(Gasterophilus spp.)、虱蝇属(Hippobosca spp.)、羊虱蝇属(Lipoptena spp.)、蜱蝇属(Melophagus spp.)。
蚤目(Siphonapterida),例如蚤属(Pulex spp.)、栉首蚤属(Ctenocephalides spp.)、客蚤属(Xenopsylla spp.)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。
异翅目(Heteropterida),例如臭虫属(Cimex spp.)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)、红猎蝽属(Rhodnius spp.)、锥蝽属(Panstrongylus spp.)。
蜚蠊目(Blattarida),例如东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、德国蠊(Blattela germanica)、夏柏拉蟑螂属(Supella spp.)。
蜱螨亚纲(Acaria或Acarida)及后气门目(Metastigmate)和中气门目(Mesostigmata),例如锐缘蜱属(Argas spp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodorus spp.)、残喙蜱属(Otobius spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodesspp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、革蜱属(Dermacentor spp.)、Haemophysalis spp.、璃眼蜱属(Hyalommaspp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus spp.)、皮刺螨属(Dermanyssusspp.)、刺利螨属(Raillietia spp.)、肺刺螨属(Pneumonyssus spp.)、胸刺螨属(Sternostoma spp.)、蜂螨属(Varroa spp.)。
轴螨目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨目(Acaridida)(无气门亚目(Astigmata)),例如蜂盾螨属(Acarapisspp.)、姬螯螨属(Cheyletiella spp.)、禽螯螨属(Ornithocheyletiaspp.)、肉螨属(Myobia spp.)、疮螨属(Psorergates spp.)、蠕形螨属(Demodex spp.)、恙螨属(Trombicula spp.)、Listrophorusspp.、粉螨属(Acarus spp.)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus spp.)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus spp.)、颈下螨属(Hypodectes spp.)、翅螨属(Pterolichus spp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptesspp.)、耳疥螨属(Otodectes spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、耳螨属(Notoedres spp.)、疙螨属(Knemidocoptes spp.)、气囊螨属(Cytodites spp.)、鸡雏螨属(Laminosioptes spp.)。
本发明的活性化合物结合物也适用于防治侵袭农业牲畜的节肢动物,例如侵袭黄牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪、驴、骆驼、水牛、兔、鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅、蜜蜂,其他家养动物、例如狗、猫、笼鸟、观赏鱼,以及所谓的试验动物、例如仓鼠、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠的节肢动物。通过防治所述节肢动物,可减少死亡和产量的降低(肉、奶、毛、皮、蛋、蜜等),从而可通过使用本发明的活性化合物结合物使畜牧更经济、更简便。
本发明的活性化合物结合物以已知方式用于兽医领域中,可通过例如片剂、胶囊剂、口服饮剂、浸剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、丸剂、喂服(feed-through)法、栓剂的方式进行肠内给药,可通过例如注射(肌内、皮下、静脉、腹膜内等)、植入进行肠外给药,可鼻部给药,可通过例如浸泡或浸洗、喷雾、泼浇、点滴、清洗、撒粉的形式,借助于包括活性化合物的模型制品、例如项圈、耳标、尾标、肢体缚带(limbband)、笼头、标识器等进行皮肤给药。
用于家畜、家禽、家养动物等时,活性化合物可作为包括1至80重量%的活性化合物的制剂(例如粉剂、乳剂、胶悬剂)直接使用,也可稀释100至10000倍后使用,或以化学药浴剂(chemical bath)形式使用。
而且,已发现本发明的活性化合物结合物对毁坏工业材料的昆虫具有强杀昆虫活性。
以非限制性的实例方式可优选提出以下昆虫:
甲虫,例如
北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、Chlorophorus pilosis、家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、报死窃蠹(Xestobium rufovillosum)、梳角细脉窃蠹(Ptilinus pecticornis)、Dendrobium pertinex、松窃蠹(Ernobius mollis)、Priobium carpini、褐粉蠹(Lyctusbrunneus)、非洲粉蠹(Lyctus africanus)、南方粉蠹(Lyctusplanicollis)、栎粉蠹(Lyctus linearis)、柔毛粉蠹(Lyctuspubescens)、Trogoxylon aequale、鳞毛粉蠹(Minthes rugicollis)、材小蠹种(Xyleborus spec.)、Tryptodendron spec.、咖啡黑长蠹(Apate monachus)、槲长蠹(Bostrychus capucins)、褐异翅长蠹(Heterobostrychus brunneus)、棘长蠹种(Sinoxylon spec.)、竹长蠹(Dinoderus minutus)。
革翅目昆虫(dermapteran),例如
大树蜂(Sirex juvencus)、枞大树蜂(Urocerus gigas)、泰加大树蜂(Urocerus gigas taignus)、Urocerus augur。
白蚁,例如
欧洲木白蚁(Kalotermes flavicollis)、麻头堆砂白蚁(Cryptotermes brevis)、灰点异白蚁(Heterotermes indicola)、欧美散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、桑特散白蚁(Reticulitermes santonensis)、南欧网纹白蚁(Reticulitermeslucifugus)、达尔文澳白蚁(Mastotermes darwiniensis)、内华达古白蚁(Zootermopsis nevadensis)、家白蚁(Coptotermesformosanus)。
蠹虫(Bristletail),例如衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
本发明中,工业材料的含义应理解为非活体(non-living)材料,例如优选为合成材料、胶粘剂、胶液、纸张和板材、皮革、木材和木材产品、以及涂料。
待保护以免受昆虫侵袭的材料极特别优选为木材和木材产品。
可由本发明的组合物或包括所述组合物的混合物保护的木材及木材产品的含义应理解为,例如:
建筑木材、木梁、铁路枕木、桥梁组件、突堤、木制交通工具、箱、托架、集装箱、电话线杆、木制覆层(wood cladding)、木制门窗、胶合板、刨花板、细木工制品、或较一般用于房屋建造或建筑木工的木材产品。
活性化合物结合物可以其本身、或浓缩液或一般常规制剂的形式使用,所述制剂形式例如粉剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂或膏剂。
上述制剂可以本身已知的方式制备,例如将活性化合物与至少一种溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘合剂或固定剂、防水剂混合,如果合适还可与干燥剂和UV稳定剂混合,并且如果合适也可与着色剂和染料以及其他处理助剂混合。
用于保护木材和木制材料的杀昆虫组合物或浓缩液,包括浓度为0.0001至95重量%,特别是0.001至60重量%的本发明的活性化合物。
组合物或浓缩液的使用量取决于昆虫的种类和出现率(occurence)以及介质。最优施用率可分别通过在一系列试验中使用而确定。然而,一般而言,根据待保护的材料,使用0.0001至20重量%,优选0.001至10重量%的活性化合物便已足够。
使用的溶剂和/或稀释剂有,有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或低挥发性油状或油型有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或水,如果合适还有乳化剂和/或润湿剂。
优选使用的有机化学溶剂为蒸发值(evaporation number)高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的油状或油型溶剂。可用作所述不溶于水的低挥发性油状及油型溶剂的物质为适合的矿物油或其芳烃馏分,或含矿物油的溶剂混合物,优选石油溶剂、石油和/或烷基苯。
有利使用的物质有:沸程170至220℃的矿物油、沸程170至220℃的石油溶剂、沸程250至350℃的锭子油、沸程160至280℃的石油或芳香烃、松节油等。
在优选实施方案中,使用沸程180至210℃的液态脂族烃、或沸程180至220℃的芳香烃与脂族烃的高沸点混合物和/或锭子油和/或一氯代萘,优选α-一氯代萘。
蒸发值高于35、闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃的低挥发性有机油状或油型溶剂,可以部分地用高或中等挥发性的有机化学溶剂代替,只要溶剂混合物也具有高于35的蒸发值和高于30℃、优选高于45℃的闪点,并且杀昆虫/杀真菌混合物在该溶剂混合物中可溶或可乳化。
在优选实施方案中,有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物的一部分被脂肪族极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物代替。优选使用的物质为具有羟基和/或酯基和/或醚基的脂肪族有机化学溶剂,例如乙二醇醚、酯等。
在本发明范围内使用的有机化学粘合剂有,合成树脂和/或可用水稀释和/或可在所使用的有机化学溶剂中溶解或分散或乳化的本身已知的粘合干性油(binding drying oil),特别是由以下物质组成、或包括以下物质的粘合剂:丙烯酸树脂,乙烯基树脂、例如聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚酯树脂,缩聚或加聚树脂,聚氨酯树脂,醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂,酚树脂,烃类树脂、例如茚/香豆酮树脂,硅氧烷树脂,干性植物油和/或干性油和/或基于天然和/或合成树脂的物理干性粘合剂。
用作粘合剂的合成树脂可以乳液、分散体或溶液形式使用。最高为10重量%的沥青或沥青物质也可用作粘合剂。此外,也可使用本身已知的着色剂、颜料、防水剂、遮味剂和抑制剂或防蚀剂等。
依据本发明,组合物或浓缩液优选包括至少一种醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂和/或干性植物油作为有机化学粘合剂。依据本发明,优选使用油含量高于45重量%,优选50至68重量%的醇酸树脂。
上述粘合剂的全部或一部分可被固定剂(混合物)或增塑剂(混合物)代替。所述添加剂旨在防止活性化合物挥发,以及结晶或沉淀。所述添加剂优选代替0.01至30%的粘合剂(以所使用的粘合剂为100%计)。
增塑剂来自于以下化学类别:邻苯二甲酸酯、例如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯,磷酸酯、例如磷酸三丁酯,己二酸酯、例如己二酸-(2-乙基己基)酯,硬脂酸酯、例如硬脂酸丁酯或硬脂酸戊酯,油酸酯、例如油酸丁酯,丙三醇醚或较高分子量的乙二醇醚、丙三醇酯和对甲苯磺酸酯。
固定剂化学上基于聚乙烯基烷基醚、例如聚乙烯基甲基醚,或酮、例如二苯甲酮或亚乙基二苯甲酮。
特别适合用作溶剂或稀释剂的还有水,如果合适可作为与一种或多种上述有机化学溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂和分散剂的混合物。
特别有效的木材保护通过大规模的工业浸渍工艺完成,例如真空、双真空或压力工艺。
如果合适,即用(ready-to-use)的组合物还可另外包括其他杀昆虫剂,并且如果合适还包括一种或多种杀真菌剂。
本发明活性化合物结合物可同时用于保护与咸水或半咸水接触的物体,例如船体、筛、网、建筑、系泊和信号系统,防止其产生污垢。
由固着性的寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)动物、例如龙介虫科(Serpulidae),以及由贝壳(shell)及Ledamorpha种群(鹅茗荷(goose barnacles)),例如各种茗荷属(Lepas)种及铠茗荷属(Scalpellum)种,或由藤壶(Balanomorpha)种群(藤壶(acornbarnacles)),例如藤壶属(Balanus)种或龟足属(Pollicipes)种引起的污垢,会增加船只的摩擦阻力,结果由于更高的能量消耗和在干船坞上额外的频繁停靠导致运转成本显著增加。
除藻类,例如水云属(Ectocarpus sp.)和角藻属(Ceramium sp.)引起的污垢之外,由归入总称为蔓足纲(Cirripedia)(cirripedcrustaceans)的固着性Entomostraka群引起的污垢亦特别重要。
出人意料的是,现已发现本发明的活性化合物结合物具有突出的防污作用。
使用本发明活性化合物结合物可避免使用重金属,例如在以下化合物中使用的重金属:双(三烷基锡)硫化物,月桂酸-三-正丁基锡,三正丁基氯化锡,氧化亚铜(I),三乙基氯化锡,三正丁基(2-苯基-4-氯苯氧基)锡,三丁基氧化锡,二硫化钼、氧化锑、钛酸丁酯聚合物、苯基(双吡啶)三氯化铋,三正丁基氟化锡、亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸锰(manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate),二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、亚乙基双硫代氨基甲酸锌、2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧锌盐和2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧铜盐、亚乙基二硫代氨基甲酸-双二甲基二硫代氨基甲酰锌(bisdimethyldithiocarbamoylzinc ethylenebisthiocarbamate)、氧化锌、亚乙基双二硫代氨基甲酸亚铜(copper(I)ethylenebisdithiocarbamate)、硫氰酸铜、环烷酸铜和三丁锡卤化物中,或显著降低上述化合物的浓度。
如果合适,即用的防污涂料还可另外包括其他活性化合物,优选杀藻剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀软体动物剂,或其他防污活性化合物。
优选适合的与本发明的防污组合物结合的组分有:
杀藻剂,例如
2-叔丁基氨基-4-环丙基氨基-6-甲基硫代-1,3,5-三嗪、双氯酚、敌草隆(diuron)、草藻灭(endothal)、三苯基乙酸锡、异丙隆(isoproturon)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、氟硝草醚(oxyfluorfen)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)和去草净(terbutryn);
杀真菌剂,例如:
苯并[b]噻吩羧酸环己基酰胺-S,S-二氧化物、抑菌灵、fluorfolpet、丁基氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔酯、对甲抑菌灵、和吡咯类例如:
戊环唑、环唑醇、氧唑菌、己唑醇、环戊唑菌、丙环唑和戊唑醇;
杀软体动物剂,例如:
Fe络合物形成剂(Fe-complex former)、三苯基乙酸锡、四聚乙醛(metaldehyde)、灭虫威、贝螺杀(niclosamid)、硫双灭多威和混杀威;
或常规防污活性化合物,例如
4,5-二氯-2-辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、diiodomethylparatrylsulfone,2-(N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酰硫)-5-硝基噻唑基(2-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl),2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧钾盐、铜盐、钠盐和锌盐,吡啶-三苯基甲硼烷,四丁基二锡环氧乙烷,2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲磺酰基)吡啶,2,4,5,6-四氯间苯二腈,二硫化四甲基秋兰姆和2,4,6-三氯苯基马来酰亚胺。
使用的防污组合物包括0.001至50重量%、特别是0.01至20重量%浓度的活性化合物。
而且,防污组合物还包括常规组分,例如Ungerer,Chen.Ind.1985,37,730-732和Williams,Antifouling Marine Coatings,Noyes,Park Ridge,1973中所述的组分。
除杀藻、杀真菌、杀软体动物活性化合物和本发明的杀昆虫活性化合物之外,防污涂料还具体包括粘合剂。
公认粘合剂的实例有:溶剂体系中的聚氯乙烯,溶剂体系中的氯化橡胶,溶剂体系特别是水体系中的丙烯酸树脂,水分散体形式或有机溶剂体系形式的氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物体系,丁二烯/苯乙烯/丙烯腈橡胶,干性油、例如亚麻子油,树脂酯或与焦油或沥青、柏油和环氧化合物结合的改性硬化树脂,少量氯橡胶、氯化聚丙烯及乙烯树脂。
如果合适,涂料还包括优选不溶于咸水的无机颜料、有机颜料或着色剂。涂料可进一步包括使活性化合物控释的物质,例如松香。此外,涂料还可包括增塑剂、影响流变学特性的改性剂和其他常规成分。本发明的活性化合物结合物可包含于自抛光防污体系中。
本发明的活性化合物结合物亦适于防治封闭空间内发现的动物害虫,特别是昆虫、蛛形纲动物和螨虫,所述封闭空间例如住所、工厂车间、办公室、交通工具舱室等。它们可单独或与其他活性化合物和助剂结合用于防治所述害虫的家用杀昆虫产品中。它们对敏感和抗性物种以及全部发育阶段均具有活性。所述害虫包括:
蝎目(Scorpionidea),例如地中海黄蝎(Buthusoccitanus)。
蜱螨目(Acarina),例如波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、鸽锐缘蜱(Argas reflexus)、苔螨亚种(Bryobia ssp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、家嗜甜螨(Glyciphagus domesticus)、非洲钝缘蜱(Ornithodorus moubat)、血红扇头蜱(Rhipicephalussanguineus)、阿氏真恙螨(Trombicula alfreddugesi)、Neutrombicula autumnalis、特嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoidespteronissimus)、法嗜皮螨(Dermatophagoides forinae)。
蜘蛛目(Araneae),例如捕鸟蛛(Aviculariidae)、圆蛛(Araneidae)。
盲蛛目(Opiliones),例如螯蝎(Pseudoscorpiones chelifer)、Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium、长踦盲蛛(Opiliones phalangium)。
等足目,例如栉水虱、球鼠妇。
倍足目,例如Blaniulus guttulatus、山蛩虫(Polydesmus spp.)。
唇足目,例如地蜈蚣(Geophilus spp.)。
衣鱼目(Zygentoma),例如栉衣鱼属(Ctenolepisma spp.)、衣鱼、盗火虫(Lepismodes inquilinus)。
蜚蠊目,例如东方蜚蠊、德国蠊、亚洲蠊(Blattella asahinai)、马德拉蜚蠊、角腹蠊属(Panchlora spp.)、木蠊属(Parcoblatta spp.)、澳洲大蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)、美洲大蠊、大褐大蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、烟色大蠊(Periplaneta fuliginosa)、棕带蜚蠊(Supella longipalpa)。
跳跃亚目(Saltatoria),例如家蟋。
革翅目,例如欧洲球螋。
等翅目,例如木白蚁属(Kalotermes spp.)、散白蚁属。
啮虫目(Psocoptera),例如Lepinatus spp.、粉啮虫属(Liposcelis spp.)。
鞘翅目,例如圆皮蠹属、毛皮蠹属、皮蠹属、长头谷盗(Latheticusoryzae)、隐跗郭公虫属(Necrobia spp.)、蛛甲属、谷蠹、谷象(Sitophilus granarius)、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、药材甲(Stegobium paniceum)。
双翅目,例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus)、带喙伊蚊(Aedes taeniorhynchus)、按蚊属、红头丽蝇、高额麻虻(Chrysozona pluvialis)、五带淡色库蚊(Culexquinquefasciatus)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、环喙库蚊(Culextarsalis)、果蝇属(Drosophila spp.)、夏厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、白蛉属、Sarcophaga carnaria、蚋属、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、欧洲大蚊。
鳞翅目,例如小蜡螟(Achroia grisella)、大蜡螟、印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)、木塞谷蛾(Tinea cloacella)、袋谷蛾、幕谷蛾。
蚤目,例如犬栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、猫栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、人蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)、印鼠客蚤。
膜翅目,例如广布弓背蚁(Camponotus herculeanus)、黑臭蚁(Lasius fuliginosus)、黑蚁(Lasius niger)、Lasius umbratus、小家蚁、Paravespula spp.、铺道蚁(Tetramorium caespitum)。
虱目(Anoplura),例如头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、体虱、阴虱(Phthirus pubis)。
异翅目,例如热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、温带臭虫、长红猎蝽、侵扰锥猎蝽(Triatoma infestans)。
它们可单独或与其他适合的活性化合物、例如磷酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、生长调节剂或来自其他已知的杀昆虫剂种类的活性化合物相结合用于家用杀昆虫剂领域。
它们用于以下产品中:气雾剂、真空喷雾(pressure-free spray)产品、例如泵及喷雾器(atomizer)喷雾、自动弥雾系统、烟雾发生器、泡沫、凝胶、具有纤维素或聚合物蒸发片(evaporator tablet)的蒸发器产品、流体蒸发器、凝胶和薄膜蒸发器、推进器驱动的蒸发器、无动力(energy-free)或无源(passive)蒸发系统、捕蛾纸、捕蛾袋和捕蛾胶,作为颗粒剂或粉末剂用于抛撒的饵料中或毒饵站(bait station)中。
当使用本发明的活性化合物结合物时,施用率可在较宽范围内变化,这取决于施用的类型。当处理植物部位时,活性化合物结合物的施用率通常为0.1-10000g/ha(公顷),优选10-1000g/ha。
以下实施例显示出了本发明活性化合物结合物的良好杀虫活性。虽然单独的活性化合物的活性较弱,但结合物的活性超过了活性的简单加和。
给定的两种化合物结合物的预期活性可按照如下方法计算(参见Colby,S.R.;“Calculating Synergistic and AntagonisticResponses of Herbicide Combination”,Weeds 15页,20-22,1967):
若
X=以%表示的药效,即与未处理的对照组相比,浓度为n ppm的化合物A(结构式I的活性化合物)所达到的杀灭率,
Y=以%表示的药效,即与未处理的对照组相比,浓度为n ppm的化合物B(结构式I的活性化合物)所达到的灭杀率,
E=以%表示的药效,即与未处理的对照组相比,当A和B的混合物中A及B以m和n ppm施用时的杀灭率,
则
若实际的杀灭率高于计算值,则结合物的活性具有超加和性,即存在协同效应。
实施例A
棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)测试
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与上述用量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并且用含有乳化剂的水将浓缩物稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝叶(Brassica oleracea)浸泡在所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中进行处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入棉铃虫幼虫。
经过所需时间后,测定百分杀灭率。100%表示全部幼虫被杀灭;0%表示没有幼虫被杀灭。将测定的灭杀率代入Colby公式中。
在本测试中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物与单独施用的活性化合物相比,表现出协同增强的活性
杀虫隆+吡虫清;杀虫隆+噻虫胺;杀虫隆+吡虫啉。
表A
植物害虫
棉铃虫测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表A
植物害虫
棉铃虫测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表A
植物害虫
棉铃虫测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
实施例B
辣根猿叶虫幼虫(Phaedon cochleariae larvae)测试
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与上述用量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并且用含有乳化剂的水将浓缩物稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝叶(Brassica oleracea)浸泡在所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中进行处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入辣根猿叶虫幼虫。
经过所需时间后,测定百分杀灭率。100%表示全部幼虫被杀灭;0%表示没有幼虫被杀灭。将测定的灭杀率代入Colby公式中。
在本测试中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物与单独施用的活性化合物相比,表现出协同增强的活性
杀虫隆+噻虫啉。
表B
植物害虫
辣根猿叶虫幼虫测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
实施例C
菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)测试(通常敏感的品种)
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与上述用量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并且用含有乳化剂的水将浓缩物稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝叶(Brassica oleracea)浸泡在所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中进行处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入菜蛾幼虫(通常敏感的品种)。
经过所需时间后,测定百分杀灭率。100%表示全部幼虫被杀灭;0%表示没有幼虫被杀灭。将测定的灭杀率代入Colby公式中。
在本测试中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物与单独施用的活性化合物相比,表现出协同增强的活性
杀虫隆+吡虫清;杀虫隆+吡虫啉。
表C
植物害虫
菜蛾(通常敏感的品种)测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表C
植物害虫
菜蛾(通常敏感的品种)测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
实施例D
菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)测试(抗性品种)
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与上述用量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并且用含有乳化剂的水将浓缩物稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝叶(Brassica oleracea)浸泡在所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中进行处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入菜蛾幼虫(抗性品种)。
经过所需时间后,测定百分杀灭率。100%表示全部幼虫被杀灭;0%表示没有幼虫被杀灭。将测定的灭杀率代入Colby公式中。在本测试中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物与单独施用的活性化合物相比,表现出协同增强的活性
杀虫隆+吡虫清;杀虫隆+噻虫胺;杀虫隆+噻虫嗪。
表D
植物害虫
菜蛾(抗性品种)测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表D
植物害虫
菜蛾(抗性品种)测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表D
植物害虫
菜蛾(抗性品种)测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
实施例E
甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)测试
溶剂:7重量份的二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份的活性化合物与上述用量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并且用含有乳化剂的水将浓缩物稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝叶(Brassica oleracea)浸泡在所需浓度的活性化合物制剂中进行处理,并在叶子仍然湿润时接入甜菜夜蛾幼虫。
经过所需时间后,测定百分杀灭率。100%表示全部幼虫被杀灭;0%表示没有幼虫被杀灭。将测定的灭杀率代入Colby公式中。
在本测试中,本申请的下列活性化合物结合物与单独施用的活性化合物相比,表现出协同增强的活性
杀虫隆+噻虫胺;杀虫隆+吡虫啉;杀虫隆+噻虫嗪。
表E
植物害虫
甜菜夜蛾测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表E
植物害虫
甜菜夜蛾测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
表D
植物害虫
甜菜夜蛾测试
*实测值=实际活性
**计算值=采用Colby公式计算得出的活性
Claims (5)
1. 一种组合物,包括具有协同效应的杀虫隆与吡虫啉的混合物,其中杀虫隆与吡虫啉的比例介于100∶1至1∶100之间。
2. 根据权利要求1的组合物,其中杀虫隆与吡虫啉的比例介于10∶1至1∶10之间。
3. 权利要求1或2的组合物的用途,用于保护种子。
4. 权利要求1或2的组合物的用途,用于保护转基因植物的种子。
5. 一种制备杀虫剂的方法,其特征在于将权利要求1或2所要求的具有协同效应的混合物与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合。
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US20110159065A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2011-06-30 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Agricultural chemical composition and fruit bag |
CN107079921A (zh) * | 2008-12-31 | 2017-08-22 | 安道麦马克西姆有限公司 | 用于控制植物中的昆虫的方法 |
EP2600720B1 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-11-26 | Gowan Comercio Internacional E Servicos Limitada | Pesticidal treatment compositions |
CN102415397B (zh) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-12-25 | 南京华洲药业有限公司 | 一种含呋虫胺和氟啶脲的增效杀虫组合物及其应用 |
WO2012045680A2 (de) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Insektizide und fungizide wirkstoffkombinationen |
CN102726438A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-17 | 江苏绿叶农化有限公司 | 含呋虫胺的杀虫组合物及其应用 |
CN104824014A (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 山东农业大学 | 一种含吡虫啉和氟铃脲的农药组合物 |
CN114982771B (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-04-18 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种含有甲萘威与杀铃脲的增效农药组合物及应用 |
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US4272417A (en) | 1979-05-22 | 1981-06-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Stable protective seed coating |
US4245432A (en) | 1979-07-25 | 1981-01-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Seed coatings |
JPH0717621B2 (ja) | 1986-03-07 | 1995-03-01 | 日本バイエルアグロケム株式会社 | 新規ヘテロ環式化合物 |
JP2553530B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-14 | 1996-11-13 | 日本バイエルアグロケム株式会社 | 農園芸用殺虫組成物 |
US4808430A (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1989-02-28 | Yazaki Corporation | Method of applying gel coating to plant seeds |
IE71183B1 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1997-01-29 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Guanidine derivatives their production and insecticides |
TW240163B (en) | 1992-07-22 | 1995-02-11 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Oxadiazine derivatives |
EP0879777A1 (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1998-11-25 | Siemsa Norte, S.A. | Automatic feeder for processing the return of unsold articles |
DE4409040A1 (de) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-09-21 | Bayer Ag | Insektizide Wirkstoffkombinationen |
CN1554233A (zh) * | 1994-06-08 | 2004-12-15 | �����ɷ� | 增效组合物 |
DE4443888A1 (de) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Dermal applizierbare Formulierungen von Parasitiziden |
CN1089554C (zh) * | 1995-08-16 | 2002-08-28 | 拜尔公司 | 含拟除虫菊酯和昆虫生长抑制剂的活性化合物组合物 |
US5876739A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1999-03-02 | Novartis Ag | Insecticidal seed coating |
WO1999018796A2 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-22 | Rhone-Poulenc Agro | Pesticidal combination |
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