CN1933858A - 包含能够形成水凝胶的高渗透性可溶胀聚合物的用于吸收制品的吸收构件 - Google Patents
包含能够形成水凝胶的高渗透性可溶胀聚合物的用于吸收制品的吸收构件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1933858A CN1933858A CNA2005800090153A CN200580009015A CN1933858A CN 1933858 A CN1933858 A CN 1933858A CN A2005800090153 A CNA2005800090153 A CN A2005800090153A CN 200580009015 A CN200580009015 A CN 200580009015A CN 1933858 A CN1933858 A CN 1933858A
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- absorbent
- absorbent core
- articles
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- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVUARPCSZQNJJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-ethenylphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 TVUARPCSZQNJJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
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- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
- A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
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Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于吸收制品的吸收芯中的吸收构件,所述吸收构件用来接纳和保留如尿液之类的身体排泄物。这类的制品为一次性卫生制品,如婴儿尿布、训练裤、成人失禁制品、妇女护理制品等等。所述改进本质上是基于如下认识,即用能够保留液体同时保持或改善采集行为的液体存储材料来替代吸收芯中的大部分或全部垫层纤维吸收材料是可取的,因为舒适性的获得大大补偿了垫层的减少。吸收构件的吸收芯包含可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物,还组合包含至少一种具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物和至少一种水不溶性磷酸盐。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于吸收制品的吸收芯中的吸收构件,所述吸收构件用来接纳和保留尿液之类的身体排泄物。所述制品为一次性卫生制品,如婴儿尿布、训练裤、成人失禁制品、妇女护理制品等等。所述改进本质上基于如下认识,即用能够保留液体同时保持或改善采集行为的液体存储材料来替代吸收芯中的大部分或全部垫层纤维吸收材料是可取的,因为舒适性的获得大大补偿了垫层的减少。然而,只有满足或改善了尿布对液体处理的更基本要求才可实现舒适性。特别是如果为了能够产生更薄更干爽的吸收制品而改进这种液体处理性能使其优于常规吸收结构的性能,那么此类制品的使用者使用它们时会体验到超过预期的舒适性改进,这种改进与减薄有关。只有随着新型高度可渗透吸收胶凝材料的开发,提供由其制成的此类吸收芯和制品才变为可能。新型高度可渗透吸收胶凝材料特别能够在超吸收聚合物浓度下采集和传输液体,但目前人们还没有使用。允许这种突破性进展的第二方面是,在制品的完整使用周期内从干燥到充满期间,保持此类高的超吸收聚合物浓度制品的舒适性和性能的能力,特别是通过改善吸收构件的能力来保持此类制品在使用时的渗透性。
发明背景
用于接纳和保留尿液或粪便之类的身体排泄物的吸收制品如一次性尿布、训练裤和成人失禁制品是本领域所熟知的,并且在改进它们性能方面已经做了相当多的努力。这种改进通常针对此类制品的主要功能即保留体液,但也通过提高穿着者的舒适性来最大程度地降低与穿着此类制品有关的负面因素。有助于这种舒适性的一个方面是如何在一个“吸收结构”中收集和保留身体废物(主要是液体),由此废料被制品采集,然后被传输至远离采集(分布、渗透)的位置,然后被存储起来(保留)。
同样已充分确定的是,通过减小主要厚度目标(即吸收结构)来减小制品的厚度可帮助改进舒适性。然而,这一直是液体处理性能和厚度之间的平衡问题。人们也认为一定量的垫层对于舒适的尿布是必需的。最后,技术人员认为,减少或者甚至去除纤维材料至其中现代颗粒超吸收材料接管部分或全部液体采集和分布功能的程度是不可能的,所述功能先前由纤维基质提供。最终,即使存在着干燥时可能提供所有这些有益方面的结构,也完全不可想象它会组成即使在已经吸收了第一次涌出的液体之后仍能保持液体处理和舒适性能的吸收结构。
特殊薄度吸收结构的开发也具有其它有益方面,使这种开发成为基本商业利益的主题。例如,较薄的尿布不只是在衣服下穿着时体积较小并且贴合性好,同时它们在包装中也更紧凑,使消费者更容易携带和存放。包装的紧凑性也导致生产商和营销商的经销费用降低,包括每个尿布单元在商店中所需的货架空间更小。
如所指出,提供较薄吸收制品如尿布的能力视开发可采集和存储大量排出的体液(特别是尿液)的较薄吸收结构的能力而定。在这点上,使用常被称为“水凝胶”、“水凝胶形成聚合物”、“超吸收剂”、“水胶体”、“超吸收聚合物或SAP”的吸收聚合物是尤其重要的。参见,例如包含于EP 1393 757A第8至22章的论述。
较高浓度的这些SAP的一个重要性质是它们的渗透性/流动传输率。渗透性/流动传输率可根据盐水流动传输率(SFC)值来说明。SFC在本领域已被确定并且很详细地定义于如PCT WO-95-26209第69页后面或EP-B-752892第224段后面。SFC测定材料传输盐水的能力,例如由溶胀的SAP形成的水凝胶层传输体液的能力。典型地,纸浆纤维的气流纤网(例如,密度为0.15g/cc)显示具有的SFC值为约200×10-7cm3sec/g。对照之下,典型的SAP如Aqualic L-74(由Nippon Shokubai Co.,LTD生产)和Nalco-1180(由Nalco Chemical Co.生产)显示具有的SFC值为至多1×10-7cm3sec/g。因此,能够使用在SFC值方面更接近木浆纤维气流纤网的SAP是高度需要的。
因此,期望能够提供包括以下各项的吸收构件:(1)一个或多个具有较高浓度SAP颗粒的区域;(2)具有更像气流成网纤维网的较高的渗透性/流动传输率的性质;(3)在典型的使用条件/压力下,即使在经受正常使用压力时,也可容易地采集流体甚至提供高毛细管抽吸采集层的功能。也高度期望能够在这些吸收构件中使用SAP,所述SAP在被体液溶胀后继续具有良好的渗透性、改善的芯吸和/或改善的溶胀性质。
发明概述
在独立的权利要求书中说明了本发明及其特性,并且在相关的权利要求中说明了优选的实施方案。具体地讲,本发明涉及可用于供应如婴儿尿布或成人失禁制品之类的吸收失禁制品的吸收芯,其中所述制品优选包括一个顶片,所述吸收芯(直接)邻近该顶片放置并且还可任选地包括一个底片,底片与顶片一道将吸收芯夹在中间。
本发明的吸收芯特别可用于收集体液如尿液。吸收芯是吸收制品的一个组件,其主要决定着制品的流体处理性质,这些性质包括采集、传输、分布和存储体液。同样,吸收芯典型地不包括吸收制品的顶片或底片。吸收芯可由许多吸收构件来提供。吸收构件是指吸收芯的一个部件,该部件典型地提供一种或多种流体处理性质,例如,流体采集、流体分布、流体输送、流体存储等。吸收构件可供应整个吸收芯或只供应部分吸收芯,即吸收芯可包括一个或多个吸收构件。
依照本发明,包括在吸收芯中的吸收构件与可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物一起提供。这种可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物的组合包含至少一种具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物与至少一种水不溶性磷酸盐。
在一个优选的实施方案中,具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物是由一种多元醇与2,2-二羟甲基丙酸合成的聚酯。可供选择地,亲水聚合物可选自聚丙烯亚胺、聚酰氨基胺、聚酯酰胺或它们的组合。
在优选的实施方案中,水不溶性磷酸盐为磷酸钙。在其它优选的可供选择的实施方案中或与前述实施方案联合,水凝胶形成聚合物可包含粉末和/或粉尘状助剂,所述助剂优选选自金属盐、火成硅酸(pyrogenic silicicacid)、多糖、非离子表面活性剂、蜡、硅藻土或它们的组合。
依照本发明的水凝胶形成聚合物优选具有高的盐水流动传输率,优选所述盐水流动传输率为至少80×10-7cm3s g-1,优选至少120×10-7cm3s g-1。
在依照本发明的吸收芯的尤其有益的实施方案中,吸收构件包含按重量计至少50%,优选至少60%,更优选至少75%,并且最优选至少85%的水凝胶形成聚合物。当吸收芯在包括液体可透过的顶片的吸收制品中用于接纳如尿液之类的体液时,所述芯优选邻近顶片放置,使得吸收构件位于尽可能靠近顶片的位置。
发明详述
A.定义
本文所用术语“吸收芯”是指吸收制品的一个部件,其主要决定制品的流体处理性质,包括采集、传输、分布和存储体液。照此,吸收芯典型地不包括吸收制品的顶片或底片。
本文所用术语“吸收构件”是指吸收芯的部件,所述部件典型地提供一种或多种流体处理性质,例如,流体采集、流体分布、流体传输、流体存储等。吸收构件可供应整个吸收芯或只供应部分吸收芯,即吸收芯可包括一个或多个吸收构件。
本文所用术语“包括”是指例如多种组分、组件、步骤等等可依照本发明被结合使用。因此,术语“包括”包括更加限制性的术语“由...制成”和“由...组成”,这些后面的更加限制性的术语具有本领域所理解的标准含义。
除非另外指明,本文所用的所有百分比、比率和比例均按重量计。
B.吸收芯的材料和组分
a.水凝胶形成吸收聚合物的化学组成
可用于本发明的SAP、超吸收聚合物(SAP)或水凝胶形成聚合物包括多种能够吸收大量流体的水不溶性的但水可溶胀的聚合物。此种聚合物材料通常为本领域所知并且包括在一次性吸收制品技术领域内使用或认为有用的所有那些熟知的聚合物。在本发明的情况下,公开于EP-A-752 892的SAP或者公开于1998年Wiley VCH,New York出版的F.L.Buchholz和A.T.Graham的题为“Modern Super Absorbent Technology”的教科书中的那些SAP尤其有用。
用于制作SAP的优选聚合物材料为部分中和的聚丙烯酸及其淀粉衍生物的些微网状交联聚合物。优选地,SAP包含约50%至约95%,优选约75%的中和的些微网状交联的聚丙烯酸(即,聚丙烯酸钠/丙烯酸)。网状交联致使聚合物基本上为水不溶性的,并且部分地确定水凝胶形成吸收聚合物的吸收容量和可萃取聚合物含量的特性。网状交联这些聚合物的方法以及典型的网状交联剂描述于美国专利4,076,663或上面引用的参考文献。
尽管SAP优选为一种类型(即同种的),在本发明中也可使用聚合物的混合物。可用于本发明的SAP的尺寸、形状和/或形态可在很大的范围内变化。依照本发明的一个优选实施方案,这些聚合物呈颗粒状态,所述颗粒的最大尺寸与最小尺寸的比率不大(例如,颗粒、粉末、粒间收集体、粒间交联收集体等等)。SAP也可包含低含量的一种或多种助剂的混合物,如例如粉末二氧化硅、表面活性剂、胶、粘合剂等等。
对于上述颗粒,粒径是由筛分粒度分析所确定的尺寸来定义的。用来确定SAP颗粒粒径的方法描述于1991年10月29日公布的美国专利5,061,259(Goldman等人)。
令人惊讶地发现,在SAP的生产中包括具有树木状特别是树枝状结构的亲水聚合物可用于提供具有较小磨损尘粉含量的超级吸收剂,具体地讲在机械应力之后,该超级吸收剂具有粘结粉末和/或粉尘状助剂的改善的能力、具有高溶胀速度、具有高的内部液体迁移速率并且具有最佳的流动特性。
依照由Stuttgart Germany的Georg Thieme Verlag出版的Rmpp’sEncyclopedia of Chemistry,第10版,第898页(Rmpp,Lexikon-Chemie,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,10.Auflage,Seite 898),树枝状的聚合物是通过在每一步中将两个或多个单体与每个已连好的单体一步接一步地连接而构造的合成高分子,结果是单体端基的数目随每一步骤的进行成指数地增长,最终产生球形树状结构。
可依照本发明使用的具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物是具有至少8个,优选至少16个,并且最优选32个羟基,同时是非直链的,优选至少14倍折叠,并且最优选30倍折叠支链基本结构的多元醇。
具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物是例如由起始多元醇通过与C3-C20羟基羧酸,优选与C4-C12羟基羧酸,并且最优选与C4-C8羟基羧酸的酯化作用得到的聚酯,其中羟基羧酸显示具有至少两个羟基,优选两个羟基和/或至少两个羧酸基团。尤其优选的是具有两个羟基和一个羧酸基团的羟基羧酸,具体地讲是2,2-二羟甲基丙酸。多元醇是具有至少两个羟基的化合物,如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、双丙甘醇、三丙二醇、聚丙二醇、丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、双酚A、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和/或山梨醇。优选的是树枝状聚酯,尤其优选的是Boltorn20、Boltorn30、Boltorn40和Boltorn310(Perstorp SpecialtyChemicals AB,SE)。
具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物也包括通过缩合具有至少两个羟基的多元醇随后烷氧基化所得到的聚合物。这种情形的实施例是通过缩合甘油分子随后乙氧基化得到的支链聚乙二醇。
除了上述聚合物外,具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物还包括通过具有至少一个羟基的单体的聚合反应随后烷氧基化可得到的所有聚合物。聚合反应优选在交联剂存在下进行。可获得在它们的表面上亲水并且显示具有许多羟基的聚合物颗粒。通过对羟乙基苯乙烯的自由基聚合随后烷氧基化得到的所谓星形聚乙二醇,在Makromol.Chem.189,2885(1988)中作为上述的实施例。
依照本发明使用的聚合物的更多实施例是商标为HYBRANE和Astramol-Dendrimere(DSM N.V.,NL)的高度支化聚合物。包括在此类中的尤其是高度支化的聚丙烯亚胺(开始于例如丁烯二胺,通过与丙烯腈的重复多次Michael缩合,随后氢化而得到)、星形聚己酸内酯、星形尼龙-6、高度支化的聚酯酰胺(例如基于琥珀酸酐与二乙醇胺以1∶1摩尔比的加成产物)。在依照本发明的方法中,也可使用基于聚酰氨基胺的所谓PAMAMDendrimere,开始于例如氨,并且通过与丙烯酸甲酯和1,2-乙二胺的重复多次转化而得到。
依照本发明优选的是具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物,并且玻璃化转变温度Tg介于20℃和200℃之间,尤其优选介于25℃和50℃之间,和/或平均分子量介于1000g/mol和10000g/mol之间,最优选介于2000g/mol和6000g/mol之间。
依照本发明,0.005%至10%重量的亲水聚合物是优选的。然而更好的是使用介于0.01%和5%重量之间,并且更优选介于0.05%和1%重量之间,最优选介于0.10%至0.80%重量之间的具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物,其中百分比基于可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物。
具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物优选与干燥的吸水水凝胶混合。干燥优选是指按重量计少于20%的水含量,尤其优选按重量计少于10%的水含量。然而,具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物可在表面交联过程之前、期间或之后添加至可溶胀水凝胶形成聚合物。然而,添加或/和涂敷优选在表面交联过程期间发生。混杂方法不受限制。
在涂敷与基体水凝胶形成聚合物的表面交联同时进行时,可将表面交联剂与树枝状聚合物一起加入溶液中,或可供选择地通过分别加入到表面交联搅拌器而进入溶液。当粉尘状或粉末助剂也涂敷在基体聚合物上时也存在如下可能:树枝状聚合物溶解在溶剂中,所述溶剂中也分散了粉尘状或粉末助剂。作为一种选择,此混合物也可包含表面交联剂。合适的溶剂是本领域的任何技术人员已知的所有那些可用于表面交联的溶剂,优选水。
在依照本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物包含的部分颗粒的直径小于10μm并且按重量计少于100ppm,优选按重量计少于50ppm,并且更优选按重量计少于10ppm,其中可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物包含至少一种粉末或粉尘状助剂,如金属盐、硫酸铝和/或硫酸镁、火成硅酸如Aerosil200、多糖及其衍生物、非离子表面活性剂、蜡、硅藻土和/或微细中空内含物。
依照本发明,水凝胶形成聚合物也包含水不溶性磷酸盐如磷酸钙。术语“水不溶性的”是指在25℃,在100mL水中的溶解度小于1g,优选小于0.1g,并且更优选小于0.01g。
微细中空内含物描述于Chem.Ing.Techn.75,669(2003)。微细中空内含物是充气或排气的球状固态颗粒,其直径介于1μm和1000μm之间。微细中空内含物的典型壁厚为它们直径的1%和10%。壁的材料不受限制。可能的壁材料为玻璃、陶瓷形成氧化物或混合氧化物、硅酸盐、硅铝酸盐、聚合物、缩聚物和金属。
依照本发明的可溶胀水凝胶形成聚合物,典型具有的盐水流动传输率(SFC)为至少40×10-7cm3s/g,优选至少60×10-7cm3s/g,尤其优选80×10-7cm3s/g,甚至更优选至少120×10-7cm3s/g,并且最优选至少130×10-7cm3s/g。
依照本发明的可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物典型具有的离心保留容量(CRC)为至少24g/g,优选至少25g/g,更优选至少26g/g,甚至更优选至少28g/g,并且最优选至少30g/g。
粉末助剂优选具有的平均粒度为小于200,尤其优选小于400。粉尘状助剂优选具有的平均粒度为小于200μm,优选小于50μm,并且尤其优选小于10μm。
b.物理属性
(1)盐水流动传输率率(SFC)
对于可用于本发明的SAP,一个重要特性和指标是它们在体液中溶胀以致形成水凝胶区域或层时的渗透性或流动传输率。本文用SAP的盐水传输率(SFC)值定义了该渗透性或流动传输率。SFC测定形成的水凝胶层在使用压力下传输或分布体液的能力。用于测定SFC值的方法在例如EP-B-752892第224段之后提供。可用于本发明的SAP的SFC值已经根据单位提及。如本文所示,单位的数值为10-7cm3sec/g(或cm3sec/g/10,000,000)。换句话讲,40SFC单位意味着40乘10-7cm3sec/g的SFC值。
(2)离心保留容量(CRC)
对于大多数水凝胶形成的吸收性聚合物而言,作为吸收容量量度标准的凝胶体积用1988年4月19日重新公布的美国再公布专利32,649(Brandt等人)中所述的方法进行测定,但是用0.9%盐水溶液代替合成尿液。凝胶体积以及CRC容量在干重基础上进行计算。用于测量凝胶体积的可供选择的一种方法可用于将Blue Dextran(参见US Re 32,649中的凝胶体积方法)吸附到形成的水凝胶(例如,从阳离子单体制备的聚合物)表面上的SAP。对于这些水凝胶形成聚合物,使用所述吸收容量测试,但在计算中用水凝胶形成聚合物的干重代替原来的重量。参见,例如1992年6月23日公布的美国专利5,124,188(Roe等人),第27至28段,对于吸收容量测试的描述。
对于离心保留容量的评价而言,已经发现所谓的茶袋评价法或测量法(下文称为CRC测量法)最适于反映在SAP材料的吸收容量接近饱和的情况下毛细管压力的保持状况。该测试采用标准实验室条件(21℃至23℃,50%相对湿度)。将样本SAP材料在紧闭的烧瓶或其它容器中保持干燥,烧瓶或容器仅在评价开始时打开。用于评价的其它材料(织物、设备等)在测量前在上述实验室条件下存放24小时。
对于CRC测量,将0.2+/-0.0050g SAP颗粒放入茶袋中(袋子必需为液体可自由透过的,并且必须能留住颗粒,即茶袋孔必需不大于最小的颗粒)。茶袋的大小应为60mm×85mm,并且在装满后通过熔接进行密封。然后将茶袋在0.9%盐水溶液中浸泡30分钟,使得每克SAP具有至少0.83L的溶液;优选基本超过此比率。在浸泡30分钟后,将茶袋以250g进行3分钟的离心处理,以去除多余的盐水溶液。称量袋子,精确到0.01g,并计算出所吸收的液体。通过用放入茶袋中的干SAP的量,将结果以每克SAP颗粒所吸收的克数进行报告。
c.包含SAP的吸收芯
依照本发明,作为用于一次性吸收制品的吸收芯的部分的吸收构件,包含前述SAP,该吸收构件含有或不含其它任选组分如纤维、分布/采集或热塑性材料、泡沫、稀松布等。这些吸收构件作为流体存储组件起作用,即使由于由其制成的吸收制品因穿着者运动而受到常见的压力、张力和扭矩时也是如此。然而应该理解,这些含聚合物的吸收构件也可合并成单一组件而起几种作用。
依照本发明的这些吸收构件的一个重要方面是它们包含一个或多个具有高浓度的这些SAP的区域,以便提供能够采集、分布、吸收和保留大量体液的较薄吸收制品。依照本发明,高浓度的SAP对减少其它组分(尤其是纤维组分)的含量是必需的。
在测量在吸收构件或吸收构件给定区域中的SAP的浓度时,使用SAP相对于SAP和存在于组件中且分别在包含聚合物的同一区域中的任何其它组分(例如,纤维、热塑性材料等)联合重量的重量百分比。在考虑以上的情况下,依照本发明的吸收构件的给定区域的SAP的浓度可在约50%至100%,优选约60%至100%,更优选约75%至100%,并且最优选约85%至100%的范围内。
包含高浓度SAP的依照本发明的吸收构件可单独使用或与作为依照本发明吸收芯和制品的一部分的其它吸收构件联合使用。取决于预期用途,依照本发明的优选芯以至少20g/m2,优选至少100g/m2,并且甚至更优选至少150g/m2的定量包含依照本发明的SAP。
依照本发明的芯中的优选吸收构件可包括用于最初采集排出的体液并且将这些流体分布到流体存储组件的那些组件。这些优选的吸收构件可提供多种流体处理性质(例如,流体采集和分布)或单一流体处理性质(例如,流体分布)。其它吸收构件也可包括较低浓度的具有前面规定物理属性的SAP或者可包括具有不同物理属性的SAP。优选的吸收构件优选位于接近顶片,更优选直接邻近顶片,所述顶片与待吸收的液体源接触。
d.吸收制品
因为本发明吸收芯的独特吸收性质,它们特别适用于吸收尿液的一次性吸收制品(也称为一次性吸收失禁制品)。这些吸收制品典型地包括一个液体不可透过的(但优选气体可透过的)底片、一个接合或者联结到底片上的液体可透过的顶片,以及置于底片和顶片之间的依照本发明的吸收芯。此类制品是本领域所熟知的,并且全面公开于贯穿说明书提及的多种文献,例如公开于EP 752 892。
尽管在本发明的说明书中已经说明和解释了具体的实施方案,但是本发明的限制由附加的权利要求书和适合它们的所有那些实施方案所详细说明。此外,公开于本说明书所引用文献中的所有资料均被引入本文,以供所需扩展参考和/或用于理解本发明。
与本发明的说明书比较,用于制造依照本发明SAP颗粒的制备和评价方法的详细描述提供于题为“Absorbent member for absorbent articlescomprising swellable polymers of high permeability which are capable offorming hydrogels”的专利申请中,申请者/受让人BASF,Ludwigshafen ofGermany。该申请的副本可在本申请的欧洲专利办公室的档案中查到。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于收集如尿液之类的体液的吸收芯,所述芯包括吸收构件,所述构件包含可溶胀的水凝胶形成聚合物,所述聚合物组合包含:
至少一种具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物,和
至少一种水不溶性磷酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物是由多元醇与2,2-二羟甲基丙酸合成的聚酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述具有树枝状结构的亲水聚合物选自聚丙烯亚胺、聚酰氨基胺或聚酯酰胺,或它们的组合。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述水不溶性磷酸盐为磷酸钙。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述水凝胶形成聚合物包含粉末和/或粉尘状的助剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述助剂选自金属盐、火成硅酸、多糖、非离子表面活性剂、蜡、硅藻土或它们的组合。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述水凝胶形成聚合物具有至少80×10-7cm3sg-1,优选至少120×10-7cm3sg-1的盐水流动传输率。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述吸收构件包含按重量计至少50%,优选至少60%,更优选至少75%,并且最优选至少85%的所述水凝胶形成聚合物。
9.一种包括用于接纳尿液之类体液的液体可透过的顶片的吸收制品,所述制品还包括如前述任一项权利要求所述的吸收芯,其特征在于所述芯邻近所述顶片设置,使得所述吸收构件位于尽可能靠近所述顶片的位置。
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EP04007523A EP1588723B1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2004-03-29 | Absorbent member for absorbent articles comprising swellable polymers of high permeability which are capable of forming hydrogels |
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ATE362776T1 (de) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-06-15 | Basf Ag | Quellbare hydrogelbildende polymere mit geringem feinstaubanteil |
DE102004015686A1 (de) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-27 | Basf Ag | Quellbare hydrogelbildende Polymere mit hoher Permeabilität |
-
2004
- 2004-03-29 AT AT04007523T patent/ATE432723T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-29 DE DE602004021351T patent/DE602004021351D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-29 EP EP04007523A patent/EP1588723B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-03-24 US US11/089,276 patent/US20050215966A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-28 AU AU2005229066A patent/AU2005229066A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-28 CN CNB2005800090153A patent/CN100525840C/zh active Active
- 2005-03-28 SG SG200902153-6A patent/SG151320A1/en unknown
- 2005-03-28 WO PCT/US2005/010458 patent/WO2005094749A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-28 JP JP2007505273A patent/JP4732435B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-28 KR KR1020067020427A patent/KR20060132978A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-28 BR BRPI0509070-9A patent/BRPI0509070A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-28 CA CA002561290A patent/CA2561290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-30 AR ARP050101239A patent/AR048677A1/es active IP Right Grant
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2006
- 2006-08-30 IL IL177773A patent/IL177773A0/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111068099A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-28 | 杭州千芝雅卫生用品有限公司 | 高分子吸收聚合体、制备方法及其用途 |
CN111068099B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-04-06 | 杭州千芝雅卫生用品有限公司 | 高分子吸收聚合体、制备方法及其用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1588723B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
JP4732435B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
DE602004021351D1 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
AU2005229066A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US20050215966A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
BRPI0509070A (pt) | 2007-08-21 |
EP1588723A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
WO2005094749A3 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
WO2005094749A2 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
IL177773A0 (en) | 2006-12-31 |
ATE432723T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
AR048677A1 (es) | 2006-05-17 |
KR20060132978A (ko) | 2006-12-22 |
CA2561290A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
JP2007529292A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
CN100525840C (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
SG151320A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
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