CN1728588A - 用短代码控制码分多址系统中初始功率提升的方法 - Google Patents
用短代码控制码分多址系统中初始功率提升的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种系统和方法能够在CDMA通信系统的信道建立期间内,在初始功率提升期间利用一个从用户单元向基站发射的短代码来控制发射功率。该短代码是一个用于基站检测的序列,它所具有的周期远远短于传统传播代码的周期。功率提升起始于一个功率水平,它被保证低于基站进行检测所需的功率水平。用户单元在重复发射短代码的同时快速增加发射功率,直到其信号被基站检测到为止。短代码的使用限制了功率过剩以及对其它用户台的干扰,并且还允许基站快速地与用户单元所使用的传播代码同步。
Description
本申请是申请号为200410047243.7的发明名称为“用短代码控制码分多址系统中初始功率提升的方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及CDMA通信系统,具体来说,它涉及一种CDMA通信系统,该系统能够利用从用户单元向基站发射短代码来减少基站检测从用户单元发出的信号所需的时间。缩短了的检测时间允许用户单元有更快的初始发射功率提升,而且还能减少不必要的功率过剩。
背景技术
近十年来,无线通信系统随着其可靠性和容量的提高而得到了迅猛的发展。无线通信系统可以在许多方面得到应用,但在这些方面陆基线路却不够实用或不能使用。无线通信系统的应用包括:蜂窝电话通信,远程定位通信,以及用于灾难恢复的临时通信。无线通信系统已经成为经济适用的替代物,以替换陈旧的电话线路和过时的电话设备。
无线通信系统中所使用的RF谱是一种非常重要的资源。该RF谱必须在所有的商业、政府和军事应用中共享。因此为了提高系统的容量,就需要不断地改进无线通信系统的效率。
码分多址(CDMA)无线通信系统在这个领域中显示出了特殊的前景。尽管时分多址(TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)系统已经通过最先进的技术得到了改进,但CDMA系统,接头上述宽带码分多址TM(B-CDMATM)系统却具备TDMA和FDMA系统所没有的大量优点。其效能主要表现在B-CDMATM系统的改进型编码和调制密度,抗干扰能力和多路容限以及对各通信单元中相同频谱的再利用方面。CDMA通信信号的格式也使得通话极难被截获,因而更好地保护了用户的个人隐私并且对欺诈行为具有更强的免疫力。
在一个CDMA系统中,相同的频谱部分可以用于所有用户单元的通信。各用户单元的基带数据信号被一种称为“传播代码”的代码序列放大,该代码序列具有高于数据的速率。传播代码速率与数据符号速率之比称为“成本因子”或“处理增益”。这种编码方式使得发射谱大大宽于基带数据信号的频谱,因此在技术上被称为“传播谱”。通过给各个通信连接(称为CDMA信道)分配一个独有的传播代码,就可区分出不同的用户单元及其通信。由于所有的通信都是在相同的频段上发送的,各个CDMA通信都将其它用户单元的通信与和噪声相关的信号(无论在时间上还是频率上都与噪声相关)重叠起来。
多个用户使用相同的频谱可以提高系统的效率。但是,随着用户数量的增加,它也会使系统性能逐渐下降。各用户单元都用自身独有的传播代码来检测通信信号中的有效信号,而其它信号都将被视为噪声。从用户单元到达基站的信号越强,基站在接收和解调其它用户单元信号时所受的干扰就越大。在极端情况下,一个用户单元的功率有可能足以使其它用户单元的通信中断。因此,在CDMA通信系统中,控制所有用户单元的发射功率是极为重要的。而通过在通信连接建立时使用一个闭合环路功率控制算法就可完美地解决这个问题。
当用户试图启动与基站的通信并且功率控制环尚未建立时,对发射功率的控制尤为重要。一般来说,用户单元所需的发射功率是作为传播损失,其它用户干扰、邻道噪声、信号衰减以及其它信道特性的函数而连续变化的。所以,用户单元并不知道从哪个功率水平开始发射。如果用户单元从太高的功率水平开始发射,则它将有可能干扰其它用户单元的通信,甚至还有可能使其它用户单元的通信中断。而如果初始发射功率水平太低,则基站有可能检测不到该用户单元,进而就不能建立通信连接。
有许多方法可以用来控制CDMA通信系统中的发射功率。例如,在美国专利No.5,056,109(Gilhovsenetal)中揭示了一种发射功率控制系统。该系统中,用户单元的发射功率是根据从用户单元和基站发出的周期信号测量结果而确定的。基站能向所有用户单元发射一个先导信号,而用户单元则能对接收到的先导信号进行分析并能估计出发射信号中的功率损失,进而籍此来调整发射功率。各用户单元都含有一个非线性损失输出滤波器,它能防止功率的突然增加,而功率的突然增加将会造成对其它用户单元的干扰。这种方法极为复杂,以致于使基站在限制对其它用户单元干扰的同时不能迅速获得一个用户单元。另外,正向连接(从基站到用户单元的发射)中的传播损失,干扰及噪声电平常常与反向连接(从用户单元到基站的发射)不同。因此,根据正向连接损失估计出的反向连接功率就不够精确。
很多其它类型的先前工作中的发射功率控制系统都需要在通信单元之间进行复杂的信号控制,或者需要用预选发射值来控制发射功率。这些发射功率控制技术灵活性差而且在实际应用中经常是不实用的。
另外,在EP 0 565 507 A2中揭示了一种可使处于无线通信初始阶段的两无线台之间的干扰达到最小化的系统。移动台可从一低功率水平访问信号开始逐步增加发射功率水平直到基站检测到信号为止。一旦信号被检测到,则它的功率水平将保持在被检测到时所处的水平,从而避免了信号干扰。EP 0 565 507 A2还揭示了一种方法,该方法可使移动台与基站之间的随机访问通信保持同步化而不管它们之间的距离如何变化。
因此,需要有一种有效的方法来控制无线CDMA通信系统内用户单元的初始发射功率提升。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种新颖的方法,它能够利用一个在初始功率提升期间从用户单元向基站发射的短代码来实现对CDMA通信系统在建立一个信道期间的发射功率的控制。该短代码是一个由基站来检测的序列,它的周期小于传统传播代码的周期。其功率提升水平的起始点确保低于基站检测所需的功率水平。用户单元可以在重复发射此短代码的同时迅速增加发射功率,直到其信号被基站检测出来为止。一旦基站检测到这个短代码,它将向用户单元发出一个指示以停止增加发射功率。短代码的代用可以限制功率过剩和对其它用户站的干扰,而且还允许基站迅速与由用户单元使用的传播代码达到同步。
因此,本发明的一个目的就是提供一种改进型技术,它能够在通信信道建立期间,对CDMA用户单元与基站之间的功率提升进行控制。
通过阅读对本发明优选实例所作的说明,本发明的其它目的和优点将变得更加清晰明白。
附图说明
图1是一种根据本发明所述码分多址通信系统的概括示意图;
图2显示了一个基站的工作范围;
图3是基站与用户单元之间通信信号的时序图;
图4是在基站与用户单元之间建立一个通信信道时的流程图;
图5是用户单元的发射功率输出图;
图6A和6B是在利用根据本发明所述短代码的优选实例中,在基站与用户单元之间建立一个通信信道时的流程图;
图7是采用短代码的用户单元的发射功率输出图;
图8显示了短代码的自适应选择;
图9是根据本发明所述基站的框图;
图10是根据本发明所述用户单元的框图;
图11A和11B是根据本发明的内容而实现的提升过程的流程图;
图12显示了在一个基站和多个用户单元之间传播的信号;
图13是在基站与采用慢速初始截获的用户单元之间初步建立一个通信信道的优选实例的流程图;
图14是在基站与采用快速再获取的用户单元之间重新建立一个通信信道的优选实例的流程图;
图15A显示了一个基站与多个用户单元之间的通信;
图15B显示了基站和一个虚拟放置的用户单元;
图16是虚拟放置的多个用户单元的概括示意图;
图17是一个根据本发明所述技术制成的用户单元;
图18是在基站与采用慢速初始截获的用户单元之间初步建立一个通信信道的一个替代实例的流程图;
图19是在基站与采用快速再获取的用户单元之间重新建立一个通信信道的另一个替代实例的流程图;
图20是在基站与采用慢速初始截获的用户单元之间初步建立一个通信信道的第二个替代实例的流程图;
以下将参考附图对本发明的优选实例进行说明,附图中相同的参考序号代表同样的单元。
具体实施方式
图1中显示了一种采用本发明所述内容的通信网络10。该通信网络10一般含有一个或多个基站14,各基站都能够与多个用户单元16进行无线通信,这些用户单元可以是固定的或是移动的。各用户单元16可以或者与最近的基站14或与提供最强通信信号的基站14进行通信。基站14也与一个基站控制器20进行通信,基站控制器20则用于协调各基站14之间的通信。该通信网络10还可与一个公共交换电话网(PSTN)22相连接,而基站控制器20与可协调基站14与PSTN22之间的通信。尽管其中移动提供有陆基线路,但基站14最好通过无线连接与基站控制器20进行通信。而当基站14距基站控制器20很近时,路基线路将特别适用。
基站控制器20可执行多种功能。首先,基站控制器20提供了所有的信号操作、管理和保持(OA&M)功能,它们与在用户单元16、基站14和基站控制器20之间建立及保持所有的无线通信密切相关。基站控制器20还在无线通信系统10和PSTN22之间提供了一个接口。这个接口包括对通过基站控制器20进入和离开系统10的通信信号的多路编码和多路解码操作。尽管图中的无线通信系统10是利用天线来发射RF信号的,熟练人员应该认识到,通信工作也可通过微波或上行连接的卫星来完成的。此外,基站控制器20的功能可以与基站14组合在一起,这样就形成了一个“主基站”。
参考图2,其中显示了在一个基站14和多个用户单元16之间的信号传播。一个双向通信信道(连接)18包括一从基站14向用户单元16发射的信号20(TX)和一基站14从用户单元16接收到信号22(RX)。TX信号20被基站14发射后经过一段传播延迟Δt后到达基站14。因此,信号往返的传播延迟为2Δt。
在本优选实例中,基站14的工作范围约为30公里。因此,处于最大工作范围上的用户单元16的往返传播延迟24为240毫秒。
熟练人员应该明白,在基站和用户单元之间建立一条通信信道是一个复杂的过程,该过程涉及许多待由基站14和用户单元16完成的超出本发明范围的任务,本发明只针对通信信道建立期间的初始功率提升和同步化问题。
参考图3,其中显示了传输于基站14和用户单元16之间的信号。根据本发明所述,基站14向所有位于其发射范围之内的用户单元16连续发射一个引导代码40。该引导代码40是一个传播代码,它不含有数据位。引导代码40被用于用户单元16的信号获取和同步化处理,它还用于确定接收器内使用的自适应匹配滤波器的参数。
用户单元16在进行数据发射或接收之前必须先获取基站14发出的引导代码40。通过这个获取过程,用户单元16就可使其自身产生的传播代码与接收到的引导代码相一致。用户单元16将对接收到的引导代码40的所有可能相位进行搜索,直到找出正确的相位(引导代码40的起始点)为止。
然后,用户单元16可将其自身的发射传播代码的起始点与引导代码40的起始点对齐,从而使其自身发射的传播代码与接收到的引导代码40同步。这种接收和发射同步的意义之一在于,就传播代码的相位而言,用户单元16将不会引入附加的延迟。因此,如图3所示,基站14发射的引导代码40与基站14接收到的由用户单元16发出的传播代码42之间的相对延迟为2Δt,它完全由往返传播延迟造成。
本实例中,引导代码的长度为29,877,120片,根据传播因子,发射此代码需要大约2至5秒钟。无论使用何种类型的数据速率或带宽,引导代码40的长度都应被选择为数据符号的倍数。正如熟练人员所熟知的那样,较长的引导代码40具有较好的随机特性,而且引导代码40的频率响应也就更加一致。另外,较长的引导代码40也具有较低的信道交叉相关性。因此,就可以在干扰较小的情况下增加系统10的容量以支持更多的用户单元16。长引导代码的使用还支持了较大数目的随机短代码。为了达到同步的目的,引导代码40的周期被选择为与所有系统10使用的其它传播代码相同。这样,一旦用户单元获取了引导代码40,它就能够与基站14发射的所有其它信号都同步。
在空闲周期内,当通话尚未进行或处于未定状态时,用户单元16可通过周期性地获取引导代码40而与基站14保持同步。此举对用户单元16接收和解调任何下行发射(尤其是用于说明有通话进入的呼叫信息)是十分必要的。
当需要建立一个通信连接时,基站14在解调数据之前必须先获取从用户单元16发出的信号。用户单元16必须发射一可被基站14获取的上行连接信号,以便建立此双向通信连接。这个过程中的一个重要参数就是用户单元16的发射功率水平。发射功率水平太高将损害整体服务区域内的通信,而发射功率水平太低,则基站14会检测不到上行连接信号。
在本发明的第一个优选实例中,用户单元16从保证低于所需功率的功率水平开始发射信号,并且逐渐增加发射功率输出,直至达到正确的功率水平为止。这样就防止了强干扰的突然引入,并且提高了系统10的容量。
图4中显示了根据本发明所述的通信信道建立过程以及基站14和用户单元16所完成的任务。尽管可能有许多用户单元16处于基站14的工作范围之内,但为了简化起见,以下将只参考一个用户单元16来说明本发明的工作原理。
基站14首先向处于其工作范围之内的所有用户单元16连续发射一个周期性的引导代码40(步骤100)。在基站14发射引导代码40(步骤100)的同时,基站14还对由用户单元16发出的一个“访问代码”42进行搜索(步骤101)。该访问代码42是在初始通信和功率提升期间从用户单元16发射向基站14的一个已知传播代码。基站14必须对用户单元16发出的访问代码42的所有可能相位(时间漂移)进行搜索以找出正确的相位。这个过程称为“获取”或“检测”过程(步骤101)。访问代码42越长,基站14搜索相位并获取正确相位所需的时间就越长。
如上所述,从基站14发出信号到基站14接收到返回信号之间的相对延迟相当于往返传播延迟2Δt。最大延迟出现于基站14的最大工作范围(称之为蜂窝边界)处。因此,基站14至多要搜索与最大往返传播延迟中所包含的相位数目相等的多个代码相位,而其中的代码相位数一般少于一个代码周期中的代码相位数。
对于数据速率Rb和传播代码速率Rc来说,比值L=Rc/Rb被称为传播因子或过程增益。在本发明的优选实例中,蜂窝边界的半径为30公里,根据过程增益,它大约对应于最大往返传播延迟中的1000到2500个代码相位。
如果基站14在对与最大往返传播延迟相对应的代码相位进行搜索之后并未检测到访问代码,则搜索工作将从引导代码40中对应于零延迟的相位处重新开始(步骤102)。
在空闲周期内,基站14发出的引导代码40将被用户单元16接收到,而用户单元16则可利用此引导代码40周期性地使其自身的发射传播代码与之同步(步骤103)。如果失去了与引导代码40的同步,用户单元16将重新获取引导代码40并重新与之同步(步骤104)。
当需要初始化一个通信连接时,用户单元16开始向基站14回送访问代码42(步骤106)。用户单元16在重复发射访问代码42的同时连续增加发射功率,直至接收到基站14的确认信息为止。基站14将在最小接收功率水平达到后开始检测处于正确相位的访问代码42(步骤110)。然后基站14将向用户单元16顺序发射一个访问代码检测确认信号(步骤112)。根据接收到的确认信号,用户单元16将停止增加发射功率(步骤114)。功率提升完成之后,用户单元16将执行闭合环路功率控制以及通话设置信号的传送(步骤116),从而建立起该双向通信连接。
尽管本优选实例限制了用户单元16的发射功率,但基站14采用这种方式来获取用户单元16将有可能导致用户单元16出现不必要的功率过剩,并且会因此降低系统10的性能。
图5中显示了用户单元16的发射功率输出图。在t0处,用户单元16开始以初始发射功率水平P0发射信号,该功率水平P0被保证低于基站14检测所需的功率水平。用户单元16连续增加发射功率水平,直至它接收到基站14发出的指示信号为止。要想使基站14正确地检测到用户单元16发出的访问代码42,则访问代码42必须:1)以足够的功率水平被接收到;2)在正确的相位处被检测到。因此,参考图5,尽管在tp处访问代码已经处于可以被基站14检测到的足够功率水平,但基站14还必须持续搜索访问代码42的正确相位,而它却出现在tA处。
用于用户单元16持续增加输出发射功率水平直至接收到基站14发出的检测指示为止,所以访问代码42的发射功率将超出基站14检测所需的功率水平。这将引起对其它用户单元16的不必要的干扰。如果功率过剩太大,则对其它用户单元16的干扰有可能造成该用户单元16上正在进行的通信被中断。
尽管可以通过减小用户单元16提升发射功率的速度以防止功率过剩,但是,这将导致通话设置时间的延长。熟练人员应该知道还可以采用各种自适应提升速率,但是它们也具有缺陷,而且不能明显地消除各种环境中的功率过剩。
本发明的优选实例利用“短代码”和一个两级通信连接建立过程来实现没有大功率过剩的快速功率提升。用户单元16发出的传播代码远远短于其余的传播代码(以下称为短代码),从而使相位的数目得到了限制,而且使基站14能够快速地搜索遍代码。用于此目的的代码不携带数据。
图6A和6B显示了利用本发明优选实例所述的短代码来建立一个通信信道时,基站14和用户单元16所执行的任务。在空闲周期内,基站14向处于其工作范围内的所有用户单元16周期性地且连续地发射引导代码(步骤150)。基站14同时也连续地搜索用户单元16发出的短代码(步骤152)。用户单元16获取此引导代码并使其自身的发射传播代码发生器与此引导代码同步。用户单元16还对其进行周期性的检查以确保与引导代码的同步。如果失去了同步,则用户单元16将重新获取基站14发出的先导信号(步骤156)。
当需要建立一个通信连接时,用户单元16开始以最小功率水平P0发射一个短代码(步骤158),并且在重复发射此短代码的同时持续增加发射功率的水平(步骤160),直至用户单元16从基站14接收到一个用于说明该短代码已经被基站14检测到的确认信号为止。
本优选实例中的访问代码的长度约为30百万片,与上述内容相同。但是其短代码的长度却小得多。该短代码的长度可以选择为足够的短,以能允许快速检测为准。选择短代码长度的优点在于,它可以均匀地分割访问代码的周期。对于下面将要说明的访问代码来说,短代码的长度最好选取32、64或128片。另外,短代码的长度可以短至一个符号的长度,对此将在以下进行详细说明。
由于短代码的起始点与访问代码的起始点是同步的,一旦基站14获得了短代码,基站14就能知道访问代码的相应相位是N片短代码相位的一个整数倍,其中N是短代码的长度。所以,基站14将不必搜索与最大往返传播延迟相对应的所有可能相位。
利用此短代码,用于由基站14检测的正确相位将更加频繁地出现。当达到用于接收的最小功率水平时,短代码将被很快检测到(步骤162),而且发射功率过剩也得到了限制。在不考虑大的功率过剩的情况下,发射功率的提升速率可能会快速增加。在本发明的优选实例中,采用短代码时的功率提升速率为每毫秒1dB。
基站14向用户单元16顺序发送一个短代码检测指示信号(步骤164),而用户单元16则可根据此接收到的指示信号进入第二级功率提升阶段。
在此阶段中,用户单元16将停止发射短代码(步骤166)并且开始持续发射一个周期性的访问代码(步骤166)。用户单元16在发射访问代码的同时还持续地提升自己的发射功率,但是功率提升的速率远远低于先前用短代码时的提升速率(步骤168)。访问代码的功率提升速率最好为每毫秒0.05dB。功率的慢速提升可以避免因信道传播特性发生很小的变化而造成用户单元16与基站14失去同步。
此处,基站14已经检测到处于正确相位和功率水平的短代码(步骤162)。现在基站14必须与访问代码同步,该访问代码的长度与所有其它的传播代码相同并且远远长于短代码。利用此短代码,基站14就能够更加快速地检测出访问代码的正确相位。基站14开始搜索访问代码的正确相位(步骤170)。但是,由于访问代码的起始点与短代码的起始点同步,所以基站14只需进行每隔N个片的搜索;其中N是短代码的长度。概括地说,基站14通过以下步骤来获取具有正确相位和功率水平的访问代码:1)检测短代码;2)从短代码的起始点开始,每隔N个片对访问代码进行搜索,进而确定访问代码的正确相位。
如果在对最大往返传播延迟中的相位说明进行搜索之后并未找到访问代码的正确相位,则基站14将重新开始搜索访问代码。不同的是,这次基站14将逐片地进行搜索(步骤172)而不是每隔N片来进行。当访问代码的正确相位被检测到之后(步骤174),基站14将向用户单元16发出一个访问代码检测确认信号(步骤176),用户单元16可根据此确认信号而停止增加发射功率(步骤178)。当功率提升完成后,闭合环路功率控制和通话设置信号传送将被执行(步骤180)以建立该双向通信连接。
参考图7,虽然其初始功率水平P0与先前实例相同,但用户单元16可利用短代码而以较高的速率来提升发射功率水平。当发射功率水平超过最小检测水平之后,短代码将被很块检测出来,因此就使发射功率过剩达到最小化。
尽管相同的短代码可以被用户单元16重复使用,但在本发明的优选实例中,短代码是按照以下步骤而被动态选择和更新的。参考图8,短代码的周期等于一个符号的长度,而且其各周期的起始点都与符号的边界对齐。该短代码是从正常长度的传播代码中产生的。从传播代码起始点开始的一个符号长度部分在接下来的3毫秒内将被作为短代码而保存和使用。每隔3毫秒,传播代码中的一个新的符号长度部分将替换旧的短代码。由于传播代码的周期是3毫秒的整数倍,则每隔一个传播代码周期,相同的短代码将被重复。周期性地更新短代码可以在这个频谱上均衡由短代码产生的干扰。
图9显示了基站14的框图。概括地说,该基站14含有一个接收器部分50、一发射器部分52和一双向收发器54。RF接收器56从双向收发器54接收并下行转换RF信号。接收传播信号发生器58同时向数据接收器60和代码检测器62输出一个传播代码。在数据接收器60中,传播代码被与基带信号相关联以提取数据信号,该信号将用于进一步的处理。被接收到的基带信号也将被送往代码检测器62,而代码检测器62能够对用户单元16发出的访问代码或短代码进行检测并能调整传播代码发生器58的周期以建立一个通信信道18。
在基站14的发生器部分52中,发射传播代码发生器64向数据发射器66和引导代码发射器68输出一个传播代码。引导代码发射器68将持续发射该周期性的引导代码。当代码检测器62分别检测到短代码或访问代码之后,数据发射器66将分别发射出短代码检测指示信号和访问代码检测确认信号。数据发射器还可发送其它信息和数据信号。从数据发射器66和引导代码发射器68发出的信号被混合在一起由RF发射器70上行转换以发射至用户单元16。
图10显示了用户单元16的框图。概括地说,用户单元16含有一个接收器部分72、一发射器部分74和一双向收发器84。RF接收器76接收并下行转换从双向收发器84发出的RF信号。引导代码检测器80将传播代码与基带信号相关联以获取由基站16发出的引导代码。在这种方式中,引导代码检测器80与引导代码保持同步。接收器传播代码发生器82可产生并向数据接收器78和引导代码检测器80输出一个传播代码。数据接收器78将传播代码与基带信号相关联以对基站16发出的短代码指示信号和访问代码检测确认信号进行处理。
发射器部分74含有一个传播代码发生器86,它可以产生并输出传播代码至数据发射器88和短代码及访问代码发射器90。短代码及访问代码发射器90能以如上所述的不同功率提升阶段过程来发射这些代码。由数据发射器88和短代码及访问代码发射器90输出的信号将被RF发射器92混合并下行转换至基站14。引导代码检测器80可通过获取过程而对接收器传播代码发生器82的周期进行调整。接收器和发射器传播代码发生器82、86相互同步。
图11A和11B概括地说明了根据本发明优选实例所述功率提升的过程。基站14在发射引导代码的同时也对短代码进行搜索(步骤200)。用户单元16获取从基站14发出的引导代码(步骤202),然后从最低功率水平P0开始发射一短代码并且同时快速增加发射功率(步骤204),其中的功率水平P0被保证低于所需功率。一旦基站14接收到的功率水平达到其检测短代码所需的最低水平(步骤206),基站14将获取该短代码的正确相位、发射检测指示信号并且开始搜索访问代码(步骤208)。根据接收到的检测指示信号,用户单元16将停止发射短代码并开始发射一访问代码。用户单元16还在发射访问代码的同时开始缓慢提升发射功率(步骤210)。基站14通过只搜索访问代码的每个短代码长度部分的一个相位就可搜索到访问代码的正确相位(步骤212)。如果基站14在搜索完最多达到最大往返传播延迟的访问代码相位之后仍未找到正确的相位,则搜索工作将逐相位地重新进行(步骤214)。根据检测到的访问代码的正确相位,基站14将向用户单元16发送一个确认信号(步骤216)。而用户单元16所接收到的确认信息将决定功率提升的进程。然后,闭合环路功率控制将被建立,而且用户单元16将通过发送相关的通话设置信息来继续进行通话设置过程(步骤218)。
以下将参考图12对本发明一个替代实例所述的通信连接的重新建立过程进行说明。图中显示了处于一个基站314和多个用户单元316之间的一已建立通信信道318之内的确定信号传播。前向先导信号320从时间t0处被基站314发射出去,经过传播延迟Δt后被用户单元316接收到。用户单元316发出的一个访问信号322又经过传播延迟△t后被基站314接收到。因此,往返传播延迟为2Δt。访问信号322与前向先导信号320的初相一致,也就是说,访问信号322在发射时的代码相位与接收到的前向先导信号320的代码相位相同。往返传播延迟取决于用户单元316和基站314之间的相对距离。处于距基站314较近的用户单元316的通信信号,其传播延迟短于距基站314较远的用户单元316。由于基站314必须能够获取处于蜂窝330内任何位置上的用户单元316,所以基站314必须搜索与蜂窝330传播延迟的整个范围相对应的访问信号的代码相位。
参考图13,其中显示了与基站314初始获取用户单元316有关的任务。当用户单元316需要与基站314建立一个以前没有建立的信道318时,用户单元316并不知道双向传播延迟是多少。因此,用户单元316将进入初始获取信道建立过程。
用户单元316首先选择一个低初始功率水平和零代码相位延迟(即,将发射的访问信号322的代码相位与接收的前向先导信号320的代码相位对准),然后在慢速(0.05~0.1dB/毫秒)提升发射功率的同时开始发射访问信号322(步骤400)。在用户单元316等待接收从基站314发出的确认信号的同时,它将按照预定步骤从零延迟到向与蜂窝330边界相对应的最大代码相位延迟来改变代码相位,并允许各步骤之间有足够的时间以使基站314对访问信号322进行检测(步骤402)。如果用户单元316达到了与蜂窝330边界相对应的延迟,则它将在继续缓慢提升发射功率的同时,重复上述代码相位延迟的改变过程(步骤402)。为了获取用户单元316所需的访问,基站314将连续发射一前向先导信号320,并尝试对用户单元316发出的访问信号322进行检测(步骤404)。基站314仅需测试处于蜂窝330范围中心附近的代码相位延迟,而不必象先前系统那样对处于蜂窝330内的访问信号322的所有代码相位延迟进行检测。
当用户单元316开始以足够的功率发射信号并且其代码相位延迟使得用户单元316好象出现在蜂窝330的边界上时,基站314将检测到访问信号(步骤406)。因此用户单元316及“虚拟”地处于蜂窝330的边界上。然后,基站314将向用户单元316发出一个信号以确认访问信号322已被接收到(步骤408),并且继续执行信道建立过程(步骤410)。
一旦用户单元316接收到确认信号(412),它将停止提升发射功率并停止改变代码相位延迟(步骤414),而且还将记录下代码相位延迟值以用于其后的重新获取过程(步骤416)。然后用户单元316将继续进行包括闭合环路功率发射控制在内的信道建立过程(步骤418)。
之后,当用户单元316需要重新获取与基站314建立的信道318时,用户单元316将进入如图14所示的重新获取信道建立过程。用户单元316选择一低初始功率水平和在初始获取过程中记录下来的代码相位延迟(如图13所示),并且在快速(1dB/毫秒)提升发射功率的同时开始连续发射访问信号322。在用户单元316等待接收从基站314发出的确认信号同时,它将在已记录的代码相位延迟的基础上轻微改变访问信号322的代码相位延迟,并且允许在改变延迟之前使基站314有足够的时间来检测访问信号322(步骤422)。基站314将如图13所示发射一前向先导信号320并仅对处于蜂窝330边界上的代码相位延迟进行检测以试图获取处于其工作范围之内的用户单元316(步骤424)。当用户单元316以足够的功率发射信号且其代码相位延迟使得用户单元316好象处于蜂窝330边界上时,基站314将检测到访问信号322(步骤426)。然后,基站314将向用户单元316发出一个信号以确认访问信号322已被接收到(步骤428),并且继续进行信道建立过程(步骤430)。
当用户单元316接收到确认信号之后(步骤432),它将停止提升功率、停止改变代码相位延迟(步骤434)、并且记录下当前的代码相位延迟值以用于其后的重新获取过程(步骤436)。该代码相位延迟可能与开始重新获取过程(步骤422)时所使用的初始代码相位延迟稍有不同。然后用户单元316将在当前的功率水平上继续进行信道建立过程(步骤438)。如果用户单元316在一预定时间后仍未接收到基站314发出的确认信号,则它将返回至图13所示的初始获取过程。
以下将参考图15A和15B对在处于基站314与用户单元316之间的TX320和RX322通信中引入代码相位延迟的效果进行说明。参考图15A,其中显示了在一个基站460与两个用户单元462,464之间进行的通信。第一个用户单元462位于距基站460为30公里的最大工作范围上。第二个用户单元462则与基站460相距15公里。第一用户单元462与基站460之间TX和RX通信的传播延迟是第二用户单元464与基站460之间通信传播延迟的两倍。
参考图15B,当在第二用户单元464的TX PN发生器中引入一个附加的延迟值466之后,第一用户单元462与基站460之间通信的传播延迟将和第二用户单元464与基站460之间通信的传播延迟相同。因此,从基站460看去,第二用户单元464就象处于虚拟范围464’上一样。
参考图16,从图中可以看出,当有多个用户单元S1-S7被虚拟地重新定位在虚拟范围475上时,基站B只需检测处于虚拟范围475中心附近的代码相位延迟。
通过采用本发明所述的方法,已达到足够功率水平的用户单元316在约2毫秒内就可被基站314获取。由于获取时间的缩短,用户单元316就能够以更快的速率来提升功率(可达1dB/毫秒)而且不会产生很大的功率过剩。同样是20dB的补偿,它将使用户单元316经过约20毫秒的时间而达到基站314进行检测所需的足够功率水平。因此,本发明所述重新获取过程的整个持续时间约为22毫秒,它大大减少了先前工作中的重新获取方法所需的时间。
图17显示了-个根据本发明的该优选实例而制成的用户单元500。该用户单元500包括一接收器部分502和一发射器部分504。天线506接收到从基站314发出的信号,该信号将被带通滤波器508过滤,带通滤波器508的带宽等于两倍的片速率,其中心频率等于系统传播频谱带宽的中心频率。滤波器508的输出被混频器510利用一具有恒定频率(FC)的本地振荡器而下行转换为一个基带信号。然后,混频器510的输出将在PN RX发生器514内被加载至混频器512上的PN序列中以进行传播频谱解码。混频器512的输出被加载至一低通滤波器516,该滤波器的截止频率处于PCM序列的数据率(Fb)上。滤波器516的输出被输入至一个与通信结构520相连接的编码/解码器(Codec)518中。
通信结构520发出的基带信号被Codec 518调制成脉冲代码。其中最好采用每秒32千位的自适应脉冲代码调制(ADPCM)方法。PCM信号被加载至PN TX发生器524内的混频器522中。混频器522将PCM数据信号与PN序列相乘其输出被加载至截止频率等于系统片速率的低通滤波器526中。然后,滤波器526的输出将被加载至混频器528中并进行适当的上行转换,该转换由加载至其它终端上的载波频率Fc来决定。然后,经上行转换的信号将通过一带通滤波器530并到达一驱动天线534的宽带RF放大器532。
微处理器536可对获取过程以及RX和TX PN发生器514,524进行控制。微处理器536能够通过控制RX和TX PN发生器514,524中附加的代码相位延迟以获取前向先导信号320,它还能够使用户单元500被基站314获取以记录PN发生器之间的代码相差。在重新获取过程中,微处理器536还可将已记录的延迟加入到TX PN发生器524中。
基站314利用与用户单元316相类似的结构来检测用户单元500发出的PN编码信号。基站314中的微处理器(未示出)以类似的方式来控制RX PN发生器,以使得RX PN发生器与TX PN发生器之间的代码相差等于用户单元316虚拟位置的双向传播延迟。一旦基站314获取了从用户单元316发出的访问信号322,则所有其它从用户单元316发往基站314的信号(通信信号、先导信号,等等)都将使用此相同的代码相位延迟(在获取过程期间被确定)。
应该注意的是,尽管本发明是将用户单元316虚拟地放置在蜂窝330的边界上,但是,也可以将用户单元316放置在任何距基站314固定距离的位置上。
参考图18,其中显示了根据本发明一个替代优选实例所述的与基站314对“从未获取”的用户单元316所进行的初始获取过程有关的任务。当需要建立一个信道318时,用户单元316将向基站314持续发射一初相对齐的访问信号322(步骤600)。在用户单元316等待接收从基站314发出的确认信号同时,它将一边发射访问信号322一边连续增加发射功率(步骤602)。为了检测从未获取过的用户单元,基站314将发射一前向先导信号320并且通过搜索所有与蜂窝整个传播延迟范围相对应的代码相位来对整个蜂窝进行扫描。当用户单元316达到足以被基站检测到的发射功率之后,基站314将检测到从用户单元316发出的初相对齐的访问信号322(步骤606)。然后,基站314将向用户单元316发出一个用于确认访问信号322已被接收到的信号(步骤608)。用户单元316在接收到该确认信号(步骤610)之后将停止增加发射功率(步骤612)。
在获取用户单元316之后,基站314可通过取出TX和RX PN发生器524,514之间的差异来确定所需的用户单元316的代码相位延迟(步骤614)。这个所需的代码相位延迟将作为一个OA&M信息而被发送至用户单元316(步骤616),而用户单元316将接收并保存该值(步骤618)以便在重新获取过程中使用。然后用户单元316将继续进行信道建立过程(步骤622和624)。
参考图19,其中显示了根据本发明所述的另一种快速获取方法。当用户单元316和基站314之间必须重新建立一个通信信道时,用户单元316将象优选实例中所述的那样,以所需的代码相位延迟来发射访问信号322。
在所有先前已被获取的用户单元316处于相同虚拟范围的情况下,基站314只需对蜂窝范围中心附近的代码相位延迟进行搜索以获取该用户单元316的访问信号322(步骤630)。因此,用户单元316可以快速提升功率以便利用更多的频率获取机会。用户单元316以与优选实例相同的方式来利用延迟。基站314顺序检测处于蜂窝边界上的用户单元316(步骤636),向用户单元316发送一确认信号(步骤637),并且在必要的情况下重新计算所需的代码相位延迟值。重新计算过程(步骤638)可用于补偿传播路径变化、振荡器漂移以及其它的通信变量。用户单元316接收从基站314发出的确认信号(步骤639)。
基站314向用户单元316发送已更新的所需代码相位延迟值(步骤640),而用户单元316则接收和保存此更新值(步骤642)。然后用户单元316和基站314将继续进行信道建立过程通信(步骤644和646)。
应该注意的是,本替代实例要求基站既搜索范围范围中心处的代码相位延迟以重新获取先前曾经获取过的用户单元,又搜索这个蜂窝的代码相位延迟以获取先前从未获取过的用户单元。
参考图20,其中显示了根据本发明第二个替代实例所述与基站314对从未获取过的用户单元316进行初始获取有关的任务。在图18所述的实例中,当从未被获取过的用户单元被获取时,其访问信号322与前向先导信号320的初相保持一致。而在本实例中,基站314和用户单元316将访问信号322的代码相位从初相一致改变为有延迟(代码相位延迟),从而使用户单元316出现于蜂窝边界上。这种改变过程是在指定时间内完成的。
步骤700到718与图18所示的对应步骤600到618相同。但是,当基站314向用户单元316发送所需的延迟值之后(步骤716),基站314将还向用户单元316发送一个信息以将所需的延迟值在一个参考时间内转换为前向先导信号320的一个子初相(步骤720)。用户单元316接收此信息(步骤722),并且用户单元316和基站314都等待到转换时间结束为止(步骤724,730)。在参考时间内,基站314将把所需的延迟值加入到其RX PN发生器中(步骤732),而用户单元316将把相同的所需延迟值加入到其自身的TX PN发生器中(步骤726)。然后,用户单元316和基站314将继续进行信道建立过程通信(步骤728,734)。
尽管对本发明的部分说明是以优选实例为详细参考的,但这种说明的意图是说明性的而不是限制性的。熟练人员应该明白,对本发明的结构和工作模式可以作出多种变换,但是它们都不会脱离本发明所附权利要求要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种在无线码分多址通信系统中用户单元的功率控制方法,所述方法包括:
提供至少一个第一代码;
在设定的初始功率水平,发射所述至少一个第一代码的一部分;
动态地选择所述至少一个第一代码的另一部分,以及在第一逐步增量发射所述另一部分;
重复所述动态地选择,直到接收到确认;
响应检测所述确认,发射在接收确认前最后发射的所述另一部分的第一代码的提醒。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在发射所述至少一个第一代码的一部分前,所述用户单元检测来自基站的代码以及将所述至少一个第一代码的一部分的发射时序与所述检测的代码进行同步。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个代码的发射部分不携带数据。
4.一种用户单元,其包括:
用于在设定的初始功率水平发射至少一个第一代码的一部分的装置;
用于动态地选择所述至少一个第一代码的另一部分,以及在一第一逐步增量发射所述下一个部分,并且重复所述动态地选择以及发射的步骤,直到接收到确认的装置;以及
用于响应检测确认,发射在接收确认前最后发射的所述另一部分的第一代码的提醒的装置。
5.如权利要求4所述的用户单元,其中,在发射所述至少一个第一代码的一部分前,所述用户单元检测来自基站的代码并且将所述至少一个第一代码的一部分的发射时序与所述检测的代码进行同步。
6.如权利要求4所述的用户单元,其中,所述至少一个代码的发射部分不携带数据。
7.一种用户单元,其包括:
代码发射器,其用于在设定的初始功率水平发射至少一个第一代码的一部分,以及用于动态地选择所述至少一个第一代码的另一部分并且在第一逐步增量发射下一个部分,并且重复所述动态地选择以及发射的步骤,直到接收到确认;
检测器,其用于检测所述确认;以及
代码发射器,其响应检测确认,发射在接收确认前最后发射的所述另一部分的第一代码的提醒。
8.如权利要求7所述的用户单元,其中,在发射所述至少一个第一代码的一部分前,所述用户单元检测来自基站的代码并且将所述至少一个第一代码的一部分的发射时序与所述检测的代码进行同步。
9.如权利要求7所述的用户单元,其中,所述至少一个代码的发射部分不携带数据。
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2002
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- 2002-03-01 US US10/087,675 patent/US6519474B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 US US10/086,330 patent/US6879841B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 US US10/086,320 patent/US6571105B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 US US10/086,324 patent/US6490462B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 US US10/087,362 patent/US6577876B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-02 US US10/210,920 patent/US6904294B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-02 US US10/210,961 patent/US6778840B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-02 US US10/211,090 patent/US6606503B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-03-26 US US10/400,343 patent/US6839567B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-26 US US10/401,217 patent/US7085583B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2004
- 2004-06-14 US US10/866,851 patent/US7117004B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-06-29 US US11/169,490 patent/US7190966B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-29 US US11/169,425 patent/US7286847B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-29 US US11/169,488 patent/US8009636B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-03-14 US US12/075,945 patent/US7437177B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-07 US US12/116,263 patent/US7706830B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-07 US US12/116,262 patent/US7873328B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-08-26 US US13/219,153 patent/US20120008598A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1053870A (zh) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-08-14 | 夸尔柯姆股份有限公司 | 在码分多址蜂窝状移动电话系统中用于控制传输功率的方法和装置 |
US5056109A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-10-08 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmission power in a cdma cellular mobile telephone system |
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