CN1665587B - 用于降低汽油和柴油中硫含量的fcc催化剂 - Google Patents
用于降低汽油和柴油中硫含量的fcc催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1665587B CN1665587B CN038153505A CN03815350A CN1665587B CN 1665587 B CN1665587 B CN 1665587B CN 038153505 A CN038153505 A CN 038153505A CN 03815350 A CN03815350 A CN 03815350A CN 1665587 B CN1665587 B CN 1665587B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anionic clay
- metal
- doped
- weight
- carbon monoxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonoperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(O)=O MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 6
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydroxyl pyrope Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- FBEHFRAORPEGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyxycarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC(C)=C(N(CC=C)CC=C)C(C)=C1 FBEHFRAORPEGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002796 Si–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940009840 aluminum chlorhydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHTHEUNUXVDUOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[O-2].[Al+3] PHTHEUNUXVDUOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CUQZAIOPOOUPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;acetate;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Mg+2].CC([O-])=O CUQZAIOPOOUPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;diformate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052832 pyrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种催化剂组合物,其包含5-55重量%的金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、10-50重量%的沸石、5-40重量%的基质氧化铝、0-10重量%的二氧化硅、0-10重量%的其它成分以及余量的高岭土。与浸渍的阴离子粘土相比,在金属掺杂的阴离子粘土中,添加剂即金属掺杂剂更均匀地分布在阴离子粘土中,而不存在添加剂的单独相。因此与现有技术的组合物相比,这种催化剂组合物的磨蚀产生的微细物含有更少的添加剂。此外,与包含浸渍的阴离子粘土的组合物相比,本发明催化剂组合物在燃料如汽油和柴油中产生更高的硫降低。
Description
本发明涉及一种包含沸石、氧化铝、阴离子粘土和高岭土的催化剂组合物,它的制备以及它在FCC中的用途。
对环境的担忧已经导致了限制燃料如汽油和柴油中硫含量的立法。当硫存在于汽油中时,硫不仅贡献于SOx的排放,还使发动机尾气用催化剂中毒。降低这些硫含量的一种方法是氢化处理。然而,这种方法需要相当大的资本投入和操作成本。更需要的是,就地,即在FCC单元中的加工过程中降低硫含量。
WO 99/49001和T.Myrstad等人,Appl.catal.A(应用催化A辑)187(1999)207-212中公开了这样一种利用包含用金属添加剂,即路易斯酸,优选Zn浸渍的水滑石材料的组合物的就地处理方法。根据该文献,被浸渍的水滑石材料可掺入到FCC催化剂的基质中,或者可用作靠近FCC催化剂的单独化合物。
浸渍一般产生(a)金属添加剂在水滑石材料中的不均匀分布,其中金属主要沉积在水滑石颗粒的外表面上和/或(b)金属添加剂作为靠近水滑石材料的单独相的沉积。
这样得到的金属分布促使金属添加剂在制备催化剂组合物的过程中浸出从而进入含有其它催化剂成分的水悬浮体中。这种浸出导致阴离子粘土的金属含量降低(因此损失了催化活性),并且可能引起金属添加剂沉积到存在于悬浮体中的其它催化剂成分之一上,如氧化铝上。在用于FCC的过程中,这种含金属的氧化铝存在于催化剂组合物中可引起几种副反应(如焦形成)。
在催化剂组合物的使用过程中-这因此导致催化剂组合物的磨蚀-形成微细物(粉尘)。如果金属添加剂主要位于阴离子粘土相的外表面上和/或如果添加剂作为单独相存在于催化剂内,则微细物会含有较大量的金属添加剂。从环境角度而言这是不希望的,特别是当添加剂为含有重金属的化合物时。此外,随着金属添加剂从催化剂中的除去,催化活性会损失。
本发明提供一种包含5-55重量%的金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、10-50重量%的沸石、5-40重量%的基质氧化铝、0-10重量%的二氧化硅、0-10重量%的其它成分以及余量高岭土的催化剂组合物。
优选该组合物包含10-35重量%的金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、20-30重量%的沸石、10-30重量%的基质氧化铝、0-10重量%的二氧化硅、0-10重量%的其它成分以及余量高岭土
在本说明书中,术语“金属掺杂的阴离子粘土”是指一种不含有粘合剂材料的阴离子粘土,这种阴离子粘土在添加剂(掺杂剂)存在的情况下形成。阴离子粘土通过如下步骤来制备:(a)使包含其中至少一种不溶于水的二价金属源和三价金属源的水悬浮体陈化以形成阴离子粘土,和任选地(b)热处理由步骤(a)得到的阴离子粘土并再水化该经热处理的阴离子粘土以再次形成阴离子粘土。
在金属掺杂的阴离子粘土中,金属添加剂,即金属掺杂剂均匀分布在阴离子粘土中,而不存在金属的单独相.因此,与由现有技术的催化剂组合物所形成的微细物相比,由该催化剂组合物的磨蚀所形成的微细物将含有更少的金属添加剂.而且,与在制备催化剂的过程中从浸渍的阴离子粘土中浸出的金属相比,更少的金属将从这些掺杂的阴离子粘土中浸出.
氧化铝用作基质材料。这意味着氧化铝存在于连续相中,而金属掺杂的阴离子粘土存在于不连续相中。连续相与不连续相的区别显示在图1中。
这种情况与WO 01/12570中的相反,该专利公开了含有阴离子粘土的成形体,其中阴离子粘土构成连续相,而基料材料(如氧化铝)存在于不连续相中。在这些成形体中,是阴离子粘土起基质材料的作用。这此成形体只能由具有良好粘合性能的阴离子粘土制备。
然而,多数阴离子粘土具有较差的粘合性能。由于在本发明催化剂组合物中氧化铝用作基质材料,因此这提供了使用任何类型的-粘合或者非粘合的-阴离子粘土的可能性。
氧化铝用作基质材料的事实并不排除其它粘合材料如二氧化硅和/或高岭土也用作基质材料。
已发现,与使用根据WO 99/49001中的包含浸渍的阴离子粘土的组合物相比,使用本发明催化剂组合物导致了燃料(如汽油和柴油)中硫含量的更高的降低。
本发明催化剂组合物可通过以水悬浮体混合沸石、金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、氧化铝、高岭土和任选的二氧化硅并随后将该材料成形为颗粒来制备。悬浮体的pH优选为4至8,更优选5至7。
合适的成形方法包括喷雾干燥、形成颗粒、形成珠粒或者任何其它适于制备FCC催化剂的成形方法。用于成形的前体混合物中所存在的液体量应适应要实施的具体成形步骤。(部分)除去前体混合物中所用的液体和/或添加额外或其它的液体和/或改变前体混合物的pH以使得前体混合物可胶凝且由此适于成形是明智的。通常用于各种成形方法中的各种添加剂如挤出添加剂、粘合剂和填料可加入到用于成形的前体混合物中。
其它成分,如金属捕集剂或燃烧促进剂、孔隙调节剂、阳离子粘土以及用于FCC催化剂制备中的包括磷酸盐在内的其它已知添加剂可加入到上述水悬浮体中,或者它们可浸渍到成形的催化剂组合物上。
最终的催化剂颗粒优选具有50-100微米的平均粒度,这使得它们适用于FCC单元中。
金属掺杂的阴离子粘土
阴离子粘土具有由二价和三价金属氢氧化物的特定组合构成的带正电荷的层-它们之间是阴离子和水分子-所组成的晶体结构。水滑石是天然阴离子粘土的例子,其中Mg是二价金属、Al是三价金属且碳酸根是主要存在的阴离子。羟镁铝石是其中Mg是二价金属、Al是三价金属且氢氧根是主要存在的阴离子的阴离子粘土。
多种术语用于描述本说明书中称作阴离子粘土的材料,如“水滑石类材料和层状的双氢氧化物”。在本说明书中,我们将这些材料称作“阴离子粘土”,包括术语“水滑石类材料和层状的双氢氧化物”。
浸渍的与掺杂的阴离子粘土之间的区别是掺杂的阴离子粘土是通过其中一种或多种金属添加剂(下文中称作“金属掺杂剂”)存在于阴离子粘土的形成过程中的方法而制备的,而浸渍总是在阴离子粘土的形成完成之后实施的。
金属掺杂的阴离子粘土的制备涉及陈化包含其中至少一种不溶于水的二价金属源和三价金属源的水悬浮体。如果需要,这样形成的阴离子粘土可进行热处理(煅烧)并随后再水化以再次形成阴离子粘土。
在任一个这些工艺步骤中,例如在陈化之前或陈化过程中,或者如果实施再水化步骤,则在再水化之前或者水化过程中,引入一种或多种掺杂剂。也可应用各种添加时刻的组合。掺杂剂可单独地或者作为已经存在于不溶性二价和/或三价金属源中的混合体加入到陈化悬浮体中。在后一种情况下,使用金属掺杂的二价和/或三价金属源。
术语“陈化”是指在热或水热条件下处理悬浮体达30分钟到3天。在本上下文中,“水热条件”是指存在温度高于100℃且压力高于大气压,如自生压力的水(或水蒸气)。“热条件”是指15至100℃之间的温度和大气压。
金属掺杂的阴离子粘土的制备可分批或以连续的模式实施,任选地以连续的多步骤操作实施。该过程也可部分分批和部分连续地实施。
在该过程中,可加入酸或碱,例如以控制pH。
如果在陈化过程中存在过量的二价和/或三价金属源,则可形成阴离子粘土和未反应的(意思是:没有与阴离子粘土反应)二价和/或三价金属源的组合物。这种组合物可包含例如Mg-Al阴离子粘土和勃姆石和/或水镁石。这些组合物可适用于本发明催化剂组合物。
陈化步骤之后,任选热处理该阴离子粘土以形成固溶体和/或尖晶石,随后通过再水化该固熔体而再次形成阴离子粘土。这种热处理和再水化增加了颗粒的物理强度。
热处理可在含氧气氛中、在含氢气氛中、在惰性气氛中或者在水蒸气中于150至900℃的温度下进行几分钟到24小时。
通过使经热处理的材料与极性液体,优选水,在热或水热条件下,优选在60-95℃下相接触来实施再水化。如上所述,在该再水化步骤中金属掺杂剂可存在于极性液体中。
在制备阴离子粘土的过程中,不管所用的制备方法是哪一种,所涉及的固体(如固体三价金属源、固体二价金属源、它们的混合物)可被研磨。在本说明书中,术语“研磨”定义为导致粒度减小的任何方法。这种粒度的减小可同时引起形成反应性表面和/或加热颗粒。可用于研磨的设备包括球磨机、高剪切混合器、胶体混合器以及可将超声波引入於浆中的电传感器。低剪切混合,即基本保持各成分处于悬浮而实施的搅拌,不能看作是“研磨”。如果在悬浮体中研磨,则金属掺杂剂可在研磨过程中加入。
也可研磨所形成的阴离子粘土。
用于制备金属掺杂的阴离子粘土的合适三价金属包括铝、镓、铟、铁、铬、钒、钴、锰、铈、铌、镧及其组合。
合适的镓、铟、铁、铬、钒、钴、铈、铌、镧和锰源是它们各自的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、羟基碳酸盐、醋酸盐、羟基醋酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物、氯水合物、醇盐以及含有所需金属的粘土。
合适的铝源包括铝氧化物和氢氧化物,例如过渡氧化铝、三水合铝(铝土矿精矿、三水铝石、三羟铝石)及它的经热处理的形式(包括急骤煅烧的三水合铝);溶胶、无定形氧化铝和(假)勃姆石,含铝的粘土如高岭土、海泡石和膨润土,改性粘土如变高岭石,和/或氧化铝盐如硝酸铝、氯化铝、氯水合铝和铝酸钠。
应当指出,如果二价金属源是水溶性的,则必须使用不溶于水的三价金属源。
优选的三价金属源是氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐和羟基碳酸盐,因为这些物质比较便宜。而且,这些不得不被洗出或者在受热时作为对环境有害的气体被释放出的物质不会在金属掺杂的阴离子粘土中留下阴离子。
合适的二价金属源包括镁、锌、镍、铜、铁、钴、锰、钙、钡及其组合。合适的锌、镍、铜、铁、钴、锰、钙和钡源是各自的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、羟基碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、醋酸盐、羟基醋酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物以及含有所需金属的粘土。
合适的镁源包括镁氧化物或者氢氧化物如MgO、Mg(OH)2,水菱镁矿,镁盐如醋酸镁、甲酸镁、(羟基)醋酸镁、碳酸镁、羟基碳酸镁、碳酸氢镁、硝酸镁和氯化镁,以及含镁的粘土如白云石、滑石粉和海泡石。
应当指出,如果二价金属源是水溶性的,则必须使用不溶于水的三价金属源。
用于制备金属掺杂的阴离子粘土的优选二价金属源为氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、羟基碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐和(羟基)醋酸盐,因为这些物质比较便宜。而且,这些不得不被洗出或者在受热时作为对环境有害的气体被释放出的物质不会在金属掺杂的阴离子粘土中留下阴离子。
如前面所提及的,金属掺杂的二价和三价金属源也可用于制备金属掺杂的阴离子粘土。这种金属源的例子为金属掺杂的(假)勃姆石、金属掺杂的Mg(OH)2和金属掺杂的MgO。
可以使用Mg-Al阴离子粘土、含铝的非镁阴离子粘土、含镁的非铝阴离子粘土或者非镁非铝的阴离子粘土。
用于本发明的优选阴离子粘土是Mg-Al阴离子粘土,即含有铝作为三价金属且含有镁作为二价金属的阴离子粘土,它的二价金属与三价金属之比为0.1至10,优选1至6,更优选2至4。最优选该比接近于3。
合适的Mg-Al阴离子粘土优选具有常规的3R1堆叠或者根据WO01/12550的3R2堆叠。这两种类型的阴离子粘土具有三层重复。它们通过(107)和(108)X-射线反射的强度而彼此区别开来。(107)和(108)反射通常分别位于接近45和47度2-θ处的地方。在3R2-型阴离子粘土中,(107)反射比(108)反射强,而在3R1-型阴离子粘土中,(108)反射比(107)反射强。在45和47度2-θ处存在具有可比强度的峰表明存在这两种类型的阴离子粘土的混合物。应该理解,(107)和(108)反射的精确2-θ值取决于Mg-Al阴离子粘土的点阵参数。在X-射线衍射图案中有更多的差异,但这些差异是最可识别的反射,因为可能存在于Mg-Al阴离子粘土类材料中的其它化合物在45-47度2-θ附近几乎没有任何反射。虽然勃姆石在所述范围内具有弱反射,但是若在13至15度2-θ之间不存在强反射,则可排除它的存在。
3R2型阴离子粘土看来似乎具有与3R1型阴离子粘土不同的形态。3R2型阴离子粘土看来似乎有具有随机聚集的不规则薄片状片晶的结构。常规的3R1型阴离子粘土具有规则的形成完好的片晶层,它们以通常的书叠形式进行排列。为了获得更多的关于阴离子粘土的不同堆叠次序的信息,可参考Bookin和Drits,Clay and Clay Minerals(粘土与粘土矿),第41卷,第5期,第551-557页及第558-564页。
阴离子粘土掺杂有一种或多种金属掺杂剂.优选的金属掺杂剂是选自以下元素的化合物:锌、钒、铁、铜、钨、钼、钴、铌、镍、铬、钴、稀土金属如镧和/或铈及其组合.最优选的元素为锌、钒、铁、钨、钼、铈及其组合.
如果使用不止一种金属掺杂剂,则优选使用含Zn化合物和含V化合物的组合,含Zn化合物和含W化合物的组合,含Ce化合物和含V化合物的组合,含Fe化合物和含V化合物的组合,含Zn化合物、含V化合物和含W化合物的组合,含Fe化合物和含Ce化合物的组合或者含Mo化合物和合W化合物的组合。
含有所需元素的合适化合物为它们的硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、甲酸盐、醋酸盐、草酸盐、醇盐、碳酸盐、钒酸盐、钼酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐等。
金属掺杂剂优选以低于70重量%、更优选以2至50重量%、甚至更优选以2至30重量%且最优选以2至20重量%的量存在于阴离子粘土中,所述量基于金属掺杂的阴离子粘土的重量且以金属氧化物计。
如果需要,金属掺杂的阴离子粘土可进行离子交换。离子交换时,平衡中间层电荷的阴离子被其它阴离子所替代。所述其它阴离子是阴离子粘土中通常存在的阴离子且包括柱状阴离子,例如V2O7 4-、HV2O12 4-、V3O9 3-、V10O28 6-、Mo7O24 6-、PW12O40 3-、B(OH)4 -、[B3O3(OH)4]-、[B3O3(OH)5]2-、B4O5(OH)4 2-、HBO4 2-、HGaO3 2-、CrO4 2-、Keggin离子、甲酸根、乙酸根、磷酸根、钨酸根及其混合离子。合适的柱状阴离子的例子给出在US4,774,212中,该专利引入本文作为参考。所述的离子交换可在干燥在悬浮体中形成的含阴离子粘土的组合物之前或之后进行。
沸石
用于本发明催化剂组合物中的优选沸石为任选含有磷酸根、稀土金属(如RE-ZSM-5)和/或过渡金属如Fe、V和Zn的五面(pentasil)沸石(如ZSM-5、β沸石)和/或八面沸石(如X、Y、LZ-210沸石),后者任选被超稳定化(USY)、脱铝和/或与碱土金属、过渡金属和/或稀土金属进行交换。优选的沸石是稀土交换的Y沸石或者SAR在4.0至6.0之间、优选在5.0至6.0之间的USY。
氧化铝
用于本发明的合适的氧化铝或者氧化铝源包括假勃姆、氧化铝凝胶、氧化铝溶胶、氯代二聚水分子铝(aluminium chlorohydrol)或者硝基二聚水分子铝(aluminium nitrohydrol)。氧化铝可用有机或无机酸胶溶。
二氧化硅
组合物任选合有二氧化硅。合适的二氧化硅源为硅凝胶、硅溶胶和Si-Al共凝胶。优选的二氧化硅源是二氧化硅水溶胶。二氧化硅水溶胶可通过中和酸性硅酸钠溶液或者通过离子交换硅酸钠来制备。
如果假勃姆石用作基质材料,则特别优选存在二氧化硅。
高岭土
术语″高岭土″包括任何形式的高岭土,如变高岭石、煅烧高岭土、浸出的高岭土、脱铝的高岭土等。
其它成分
组合物还可含有FCC催化剂中通常使用的其它成分,如金属捕集剂、CO燃烧促进剂等.这些其它成分的例子包括氧化铝-二氧化钛、二氧化钛、氧化锆、阳离子粘土、碱土金属(氢)氧化物、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸铝、钯和铂.
术语“阳离子粘土”包括绿土(如滑石粉、蒙脱土、膨润土、合成锂皂石(laponite)、锂蒙脱石)、磷酸盐化的绿土、煅烧绿土、浸出的绿土和/或脱铝的绿土。
催化剂组合物适于生产具有较低硫含量和氮含量的燃料,如汽油和柴油。催化剂组合物特别适于由含残油的油供入料生产所述燃料。
附图
图1示出了具有连续相(2)和不连续相(3)的催化剂颗粒(1)。
图2示出了非掺杂的且非浸渍的阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案。
图3示出了Zn浸渍的阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案。
图4示出了Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案,其中在再水化过程中引入Zn。
图5示出了Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案,其中在陈化过程中存在Zn。
图6示出了Ce浸渍的阴离子粘土的电子显微镜照片。
图7示出了Ce掺杂的阴离子粘土的电子显微镜照片。
实施例
对比例1
所得的非掺杂且非浸渍的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案给出在图2中。
通过用25重量%RE-USY沸石、30重量%的用0.15mol HNO3/摩尔Al2O3胶溶的假勃姆石、5重量%的硅溶胶和余量的高岭土制浆10重量%(干基)的阴离子粘土并随后通过喷雾干燥来制备催化剂。
对比例2
根据对比例1来制备阴离子粘土,不同的是利用孔隙体积浸渍使用硝酸锌水溶液浸渍所得阴离子粘土。所得产物具有以ZnO计为3.5重量%的Zn含量,且为现有技术WO 99/49001的产物的代表。
所得的Zn浸渍的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案给出在图3中。与非掺杂的且非浸渍的阴离子粘土(图1)相比,该图案显示出在约31.8、34.4、36.3和56.6度2-θ处存在额外的反射(由*表示)。这些额外的反射表明存在单独的ZnO-相。
通过用25重量%RE-USY沸石、30重量%的用0.15mol HNO3/摩尔Al2O3胶溶的假勃姆石、5重量%的硅溶胶和余量的高岭土制浆10重量%(干基)的Zn浸渍的阴离子粘土并随后通过喷雾干燥来制备催化剂。
实施例3
根据对比例1来制备阴离子粘土,不同的是煅烧阴离子粘土并随后在硝酸锌存在的情况下再水化该阴离子粘土。所得掺杂的阴离子粘土具有以ZnO计为3.5重量%的Zn含量。
所得Zn掺杂的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案给出在图4中.显而易见,存在于对比例2的Zn浸渍的阴离子粘土(图2)中的单独的ZnO-相并不存在于该Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土中.Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土的衍射图案与图2的非掺杂且非浸渍的阴离子粘土的衍射图案相当,这表明:与对比例2的浸渍阴离子粘土相比,在掺杂的阴离子粘土中具有更均匀的Zn-相分布.
通过用25重量%RE-USY沸石、30重量%的用0.15mol HNO3/摩尔Al2O3胶溶的假勃姆石、5重量%的硅溶胶和余量的高岭土制浆10重量%(干基)的Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土并随后通过喷雾干燥来制备催化剂。
实施例4
通过在7,500克水中悬浮1,190克的MgO、800克FC-BOC(Alcoa和300克Zn(NO3)2·6H2O来制备阴离子粘土。在自生压力下于170℃陈化该混合物1小时。过滤该悬浮体并在120℃干燥产物。所得的掺杂的阴离子粘土具有以ZnO计为4重量%的Zn含量。
所得的Zn掺杂的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的X-射线衍射图案给出在图5中。该图案表明存在阴离子粘土、勃姆石和水镁石(Mg(OH)2)。如在31.8、34.4、36.3和56.6度2-θ处没有反射所表明的那样,没有检测到单独的ZnO-相。因此这种掺杂方式也导致了与浸渍相比在该产物中具有更均匀的Zn相分布。
通过用25重量%RE-USY沸石、30重量%的用0.15mol HNO3/摩尔Al2O3胶溶的假勃姆石、5重量%的硅溶胶和余量的高岭土制浆10重量%(干基)的Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土并随后通过喷雾干燥来制备催化剂。
对比例5
根据对比例1来制备阴离子粘土,不同的是利用孔隙体积浸渍使用硝酸铈水溶液浸渍所得阴离子粘土。所得产物具有以CeO计为11重量%的Ce含量。
图6所示为这种Ce浸渍的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的电子显微镜照片,其中白色显示为Ce-分布。显而易见,Ce不均匀地分布在阴离子粘土颗粒中,但主要存在于颗粒的外部。
实施例6
根据实施例4的方法制备Ce掺杂的阴离子粘土,不同的是用硝酸铈代替硝酸锌。图7所示为这种Ce掺杂的Mg-Al阴离子粘土的电子显微镜照片,其中白色显示为Ce-分布。显而易见,与对比例5的Ce浸渍的阴离子粘土相比,该粘土中的Ce更均匀地分布。
实施例7
在FCC单元中试验根据实施例4和对比例1和2的催化剂组合物。在65重量%转化率时所得汽油中的硫浓度分别为1,434、1,759和1,735ppmw。因此,使用Zn掺杂的阴离子粘土使硫含量降低,这比使用Zn浸渍的阴离子粘土所得的硫降低还高17%。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于生产具有降低的硫含量和/或降低的氮含量的汽油和/或柴油的催化剂组合物,包含5-55重量%的金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、10-50重量%的沸石、5-40重量%的氧化铝基质、0-10重量%的二氧化硅、0-10重量%的其它成分以及余量的高岭土,其中所述金属掺杂的阴离子粘土通过以水悬浮体混合其中至少一种不溶于水的三价金属源和二价金属源并在至少一种金属掺杂剂存在的情况下陈化该混合物而得到。
2.如权利要求1所述的催化剂组合物,其中阴离子粘土掺杂有至少一种含有选自Zn、Fe、V、Cu、W、Mo、Co、Nb、Ni、Cr、Ce和La的元素的化合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的催化剂组合物,其中阴离子粘土为含Al-Mg的阴离子粘土、含Al的非Mg阴离子粘土、含Mg的非Al阴离子粘土或者非Mg非Al的阴离子粘土。
4.一种制备如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的催化剂组合物的方法,其中将沸石、金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、氧化铝、高岭土和任选的二氧化硅及其它成分以水悬浮体混合并随后成形为颗粒。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中金属掺杂的阴离子粘土通过以水悬浮体混合其中至少一种不溶于水的三价金属源和二价金属源并在至少一种金属掺杂剂存在的情况下陈化该混合物而得到。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中三价金属选自铝、镓、铟、铁、铬、钒、钴、锰、铈、铌、镧及其组合。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中二价金属选自镁、锌、镍、铜、铁、钴、锰、钙、钡及其组合。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中二价金属源和/或三价金属源选自氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、羟基碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、醋酸盐和羟基醋酸盐。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中使用金属掺杂的二价金属源和/或金属掺杂的三价金属源。
10.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的催化剂组合物在生产具有降低的硫含量和/或降低的氮含量的汽油和/或柴油中的用途。
11.一种用于生产具有降低的硫含量和/或降低的氮含量的汽油和/或柴油的催化剂组合物,包含5-55重量%的金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、10-50重量%的沸石、5-40重量%的氧化铝基质、0-10重量%的二氧化硅、0-10重量%的其它成分以及余量的高岭土,其中所述金属掺杂的阴离子粘土通过以水悬浮体陈化其中至少一种不溶于水的三价金属源和二价金属源以形成阴离子粘土、热处理该阴离子粘土以形成固熔体并在至少一种金属掺杂剂存在的情况下再水化该固熔体而得到。
12.如权利要求11所述的催化剂组合物,其中阴离子粘土掺杂有至少一种含有选自Zn、Fe、V、Cu、W、Mo、Co、Nb、Ni、Cr、Ce和La的元素的化合物。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的催化剂组合物,其中阴离子粘土为含Al-Mg的阴离子粘土、含Al的非Mg阴离子粘土、含Mg的非Al阴离子粘土或者非Mg非Al的阴离子粘土。
14.一种制备如权利要求11-13中任一项所述的催化剂组合物的方法,其中将沸石、金属掺杂的阴离子粘土、氧化铝、高岭土和任选的二氧化硅及其它成分以水悬浮体混合并随后成形为颗粒。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中金属掺杂的阴离子粘土通过以水悬浮体陈化其中至少一种不溶于水的三价金属源和二价金属源以形成阴离子粘土、热处理该阴离子粘土以形成固熔体并在至少一种金属掺杂剂存在的情况下再水化该固熔体而得到.
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中三价金属选自铝、镓、铟、铁、铬、钒、钴、锰、铈、铌、镧及其组合。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中二价金属选自镁、锌、镍、铜、铁、钴、锰、钙、钡及其组合。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中二价金属源和/或三价金属源选自氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、羟基碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、醋酸盐和羟基醋酸盐。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中使用金属掺杂的二价金属源和/或金属掺杂的三价金属源。
20.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的催化剂组合物在生产具有降低的硫含量和/或降低的氮含量的汽油和/或柴油中的用途。
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US39257602P | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | |
US60/392,576 | 2002-06-28 | ||
EP02078742 | 2002-09-04 | ||
EP02078742.0 | 2002-09-04 | ||
PCT/EP2003/006647 WO2004002620A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-24 | Fcc catalyst for reducing the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel |
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CN1665587A CN1665587A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
CN1665587B true CN1665587B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
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US (1) | US7033487B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1517747A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4791040B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100972705B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1665587B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003242751A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0312235A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2490908C (zh) |
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JP4791040B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
CN1665587A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
KR20050009758A (ko) | 2005-01-25 |
KR100972705B1 (ko) | 2010-07-28 |
US7033487B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
JP2005531410A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
CA2490908C (en) | 2011-09-20 |
EP1517747A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
AU2003242751A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
BR0312235A (pt) | 2005-04-12 |
US20040029717A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
WO2004002620A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
CA2490908A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
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