CN1644288A

CN1644288A - Fine electrolytic machining tool

Info

Publication number: CN1644288A
Application number: CN 200410065131
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱荻; 徐惠宇; 史先传
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Priority date: 2004-10-26
Filing date: 2004-10-26
Publication date: 2005-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2024-10-26
Also published as: CN1331630C

Abstract

A micro-electrolytic machining machine tool includes a machine base, a workbench, a work box, and a main shaft. It is characterized in that it adopts a gantry ∏-type C-type composite structure including double columns and combined bearing seats. The said main shaft is installed on the combined bearing seats. A slide block, the combined bearing seat is connected with said two slide blocks through a dragging plate. The double columns are symmetrical about the plane where the axis of the main shaft is located; the said main shaft has a drive and transmission device for vertical feed and a drive and transmission device for rotation, which can simultaneously perform linkage in two ways: vertical movement and circular rotation around its own axis; The rotating main shaft has a left and right symmetrical arrangement of electric devices. The invention has miniaturized structure, high rigidity, high precision, and small deformation when subjected to external force. On the premise of ensuring good system rigidity, the machine tool structure miniaturization and convenient operation and maintenance are taken into account.

Description

Fine electrolytic machining tool

Technical field

The invention belongs to the electrolytic machine tool field, particularly a kind of structural design of fine electrolytic machining tool.

Background technology

Increasing fine structure appears in the manufacturing fields such as Aero-Space, instrument and meter, precision die, a kind of as special processing technology, and electrochemical Machining Technology also is studied and is applied to microfabrication and fine manufacturing.

Fine electrolytic machining tool adopts vertical C type structure or П type gantry structure usually at present.Adopt the fine electrolytic machining tool of vertical C type structure, the main tapping part can be reduced to the cantilever end of cantilever beam structures, if work in-process is subjected to the effect of big electrolyte pressure, will produce certain distortion.In order to guarantee the rigidity of machine tool structure, the inertia in its cross section of C type structure middle cross beam part is bigger apart from what design usually, makes that distortion is as far as possible little, runs counter to the original intention of machine tool structure miniaturization like this.And for П type gantry structure, main shaft is positioned at the crossbeam central authorities of being fixed in upper end, gantry, and distortion can be suppressed fully, and structural rigidity is fine, but this structure can influence the operation convenience very important for lathe greatly.In micro-electrochemical machining processing, tool-electrode and workpiece all need accurate operation in installation, processing monitoring, therefore need the open type operating space especially.

In addition, for micro-electrochemical machining processing, usually main shaft is only done feed motion and is not rotatablely moved, and when the Electrolyzed Processing micropore, the main shaft of rotation not only can improve the circularity and the dimensional accuracy of micropore, help the rapid renewal of machining gap electrolyte inside, stable the carrying out that helps processing, but and structure such as processing space helicla flute.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to design a kind of fine electrolytic machining tool structure, the system rigidity that can take into account, small-sized system architecture and Operation and Maintenance easily, the machining accuracy height, and can also Electrolyzed Processing spatially spiral groove structure.

Realize the fine electrolytic machining tool of task of the present invention, comprise lathe base, workbench, work box, main shaft.Be characterized in also comprising two columns by placing about main-shaft axis place plane symmetry on the workbench, be loaded on the spherical guide a pair of parallel to each other on two columns, the built-up shaft bearing that links to each other with main shaft by bearing also is connected in two slide blocks on two spherical guides and gantry П type-C type composite structure and the feeding drive transmission of main shaft vertical direction and the drive transmission and the electricity-leading device thereof of main axis rotation of common formation by planker.

Built-up shaft bearing of the present invention by top chock, step, about two blocks of side plates form.Said top chock and step by about two blocks of side plates be interconnected to a general frame, and be fixed on the planker.The built-up shaft bearing can improve the rigidity of machine tool structure greatly, reduces main shaft and is subjected to external force to do the distortion of time spent.

Because tool-electrode is installed on the main shaft in the Electrolyzed Processing, rotatable main shaft design has brought electric problem of drawing of rotary tool electrode, electricity-leading device among the present invention comprises mutually left and right sides two parts of symmetry fully, and every part is formed by side plate, carbon brush, spring, positioning tube and nut.This symmetrical layout can eliminate that axle that carbon brush is pressed over rotation is gone up and radial pressure that axle is produced, and can increase the contact area of contact carbon brush and axle, and it is reliable to guarantee to draw electricity.

The driving of main shaft vertical direction and transmission device leading screw driven by stepper motors, nut are formed among the present invention, are connected by a harmonic speed reducer between motor and the leading screw.Said planker links to each other with nut.

The driving of main axis rotation and transmission device adopt the direct drive shaft of stepper motor among the present invention, are connected by an insulating coupling between motor and the main shaft.

The system rigidity that the attainable fine electrolytic machining tool of the present invention can be taken into account, small-sized system architecture and Operation and Maintenance easily guarantee favorable rigidity and machining accuracy, and can also Electrolyzed Processing spatially spiral groove structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a fine electrolytic machining tool overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of built-up shaft bearing of the present invention and electricity-leading device.Wherein (a) is front view, (b) is left view.

Label title among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2: 1, lathe base, 2, workbench, 3, work box, 4 and 41, spherical guide, 5 and 51, two column, 6 and 61, slide block, 7, planker, 8, main shaft, 9, step, 10, top chock, 12, leading screw, 13, harmonic speed reducer, 14, stepper motor, 15, stepper motor, 21,22,23, bearing, 30 and 30 ¹, side plate, 31 and 31 ¹, positioning tube, 32 and 32 ¹, carbon brush, 33 and 33 ¹, spring, 34 and 34 ¹, nut.

The specific embodiment

The present invention-fine electrolytic machining tool mechanism as shown in Figure 1, comprises lathe base 1, workbench 2, work box 3, main shaft 8.The present invention also comprises two columns 5 and 5 ¹And a pair of being parallel to each other of go up installing, guide rail is vertical with workbench.Workpiece is placed in the work box that is fixed on the workbench.

Built-up shaft bearing of the present invention comprises top chock 10, step 9, side plate 30 and side plate 30 as shown in Figure 2 ¹, having constituted the combined integrate bearing block of a similar rectangular frame jointly, this whole built-up shaft bearing and planker 7 link to each other by screw.In process, the tool-electrode that is loaded on main tapping is subjected to vertical direction (Z to) external force effect, this force transmission is to axle and make axle produce certain Z to displacement, compare with traditional bearing block mode of separating up and down, the built-up shaft bearing can strengthen the rigidity of this part-structure greatly, reduces the distortion that external force causes.

Two columns 5 and 5 ¹, spherical guide 4 and 4 ¹, slide block 6 and 6 ¹, planker 7, built-up shaft bearing, main shaft 8 mutual group become П type in gantry of the present invention-C type composite structure.Compare with conventional C type structure, the layout of two columns and two guide rails can improve the straight-line feed precision and the feeding stationarity of main shaft, improves the rigidity of system, and the layout of built-up shaft bearing has also improved the rigidity of system simultaneously, for micro-electrochemical machining processing, it is very important stablizing accurate feeding.

Because tool-electrode is installed on the main shaft and moves with main shaft in the Electrolyzed Processing, rotatable main shaft design has brought electric problem of drawing of rotary tool electrode, electricity-leading device of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, a part is by side plate 30, carbon brush 32, spring 33, positioning tube 31 and nut 34 are formed, positioning tube is fixed on the side plate 30 that links to each other with 10 with bearing block 9, one end of carbon brush 32 passes positioning tube 31 and contacts with main shaft 8, the other end links to each other with spring 33, carbon brush 32 all places positioning tube 31 inside with spring 33, suitably screw nut 34, make spring 33 be compressed and produce certain elastic force, carbon brush 33 is pressed in main shaft 8 surfaces reliably, guarantees to add to contact reliably with the main shaft of rotation man-hour.Another part is by side plate 30 ¹, carbon brush 32 ¹, spring 33 ¹, positioning tube 31 ¹With nut 34 ¹Form complete and this part symmetric arrangement.

Main shaft straight-line feed specific implementation process is: stepper motor 14 drives leading screw 12 rotations through harmonic speed reducer 13, nut on the corresponding lead screw pair moves up and down, and then the planker 7 that drive is connected with nut also moves up and down thereupon together, and planker is simultaneously by slide block 6 and 6 ¹Be connected to a pair of precise guide rail 4 and 4 perpendicular to workbench 2 ¹, so the movement locus of planker 7 is perpendicular to workbench 2.Main shaft 8 is installed on top chock 10 and the step 9 by bearing 21,22,23, and bearing

block

9 and 10 is connected on the planker 7 by screw.Along with the motion of planker 7, main shaft is also made corresponding sports.Bearing 22 and 23 is the angular contact ball bearing of a pair of back-to-back installation, and the constraint main shaft produces Z to displacement with respect to bearing block.

The realization of main axis rotation motion is: stepper motor 15 directly drives main shaft 8 rotations by shaft coupling, and bearing 21 is a deep groove ball bearing, the radial displacement of constraint axle, and the coaxial installation of bearing 21,22,23, the axial runout amount that guarantees main axis rotation is in coverage.

Main shaft can be realized the interlock of straight-line feed and circumference rotation, process the good aperture of circularity, can process the structure of spatially spiral groove, the main shaft of rotation can drive processing district electrolyte inside rotational flow together, play little stirring action, help the stable of process and carry out.

Claims

1. A micro-electrolytic machining machine tool, comprising a machine base (1), a workbench (2), a work box (3), and a main shaft (8), characterized in that it also includes a workbench symmetrically placed on the plane where the axis of the main shaft is located. Double columns (5), (5 ¹ ) on (2), a pair of ball guide rails (4), (4 ¹ ) parallel to each other installed on the double columns, combined bearing seat connected to the main shaft (8) through bearings The gantry ∏-type C- ^type compound structure and the vertical feed The drive transmission and the drive transmission for the rotation of the main shaft and its lead-in device.

2. The micro-electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the combined bearing seat consists of the upper bearing seat (10) and the lower bearing seat (9) through two left and right side plates fixed on the carriage (7) (30), (30 ¹ ) are connected to each other to form an integral structure.

3. The micro electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed drive transmission device in the vertical direction of the main shaft is connected to the carriage by a stepper motor (14) through a harmonic reducer (13) (7) Connected lead screw (12).

4. The micro electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotation drive transmission device of the main shaft is connected to the main shaft by a stepping motor (15) through a coupling.

5. The micro electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotation drive transmission device of the main shaft is connected to the main shaft by a stepping motor (15) through a coupling.

6. The micro-electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lead-in device consists of a positioning cylinder fixed on the side plate connected to the upper and lower bearing seats, and one end of the carbon brush placed in the positioning cylinder passes through. The positioning cylinder is in contact with the main shaft, and the other end is connected to the spring placed in the positioning cylinder and the nut mounted on the positioning cylinder to form a completely symmetrical layout structure of the left and right parts.

7. The micro electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the lead-in device consists of a positioning cylinder fixed on the side plate connected to the upper and lower bearing seats, and one end of the carbon brush placed in the positioning cylinder passes through the positioning cylinder. The cylinder is in contact with the main shaft, and the other end is connected to the spring placed in the positioning cylinder and the nut mounted on the positioning cylinder to form a completely symmetrical layout structure of the left and right parts.

8. The micro electrolytic machining machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the lead-in device consists of a positioning cylinder fixed on the side plate connected to the upper and lower bearing seats, and one end of the carbon brush placed in the positioning cylinder passes through the positioning cylinder. The cylinder is in contact with the main shaft, and the other end is connected to the spring placed in the positioning cylinder and the nut mounted on the positioning cylinder to form a completely symmetrical layout structure of the left and right parts.