CN1331630C - Fine electrolytic machining tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fine electrolytic machining machine tool which comprises a machine tool base, a work bench, a work box and a main shaft. The present invention is characterized in that the present invention adopts a gantry n-shaped-a C-shaped combined structure comprising double upright post and a combined bearing seat, the main shaft is arranged on the combined bearing seat, the double upright post is provided with a pair of ball guide rails which are mutual in parallel, each of the guide rails is provided with a glide block, and the combined bearing seat is connected with two glide blocks by a support plate. The double upright post is correspondingly symmetrical to the plane of the axis line of the main shaft, the main shaft is provided with a driving and a transmission devices which vertically feed, and a rotary driving and a transmission devices, the main shaft can simultaneously make two ways of linkage of the vertical direction movement and the rotation around the circumference of the self axis line, and the rotary main shaft is provided with electricity guide devices which are symmetrically arranged right and left. The present invention has the advantages of microminiaturization structure, high rigidity and precision, and small deformation when in the stress action; under the precondition of good system rigidity, both the microminiaturization structure and the convenient operation and maintenance of the machine tool are considered.

Description

Micro Electrolytic Machining Machine Tool

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of electrolytic machining machine tools, in particular to a structural design of a micro electrolytic machining machine tool.

Background technique

More and more microstructures appear in the manufacturing fields of aerospace, instrumentation, and precision molds. As a special processing technology, electrolytic machining technology has also been studied and applied to microfabrication and micromanufacturing.

At present, micro electrolytic machining machine tools usually adopt a vertical C-shaped structure or a ∏-shaped gantry structure. For the micro electrolytic machining machine tool with vertical C-type structure, the spindle head part can be simplified as the cantilever end of the cantilever beam structure. If it is subjected to a large electrolyte pressure during processing, it will produce certain deformation. In order to ensure the rigidity of the machine tool structure, the moment of inertia of the cross-section of the beam part in the C-shaped structure is usually designed relatively large, so that the deformation is as small as possible, which is contrary to the original intention of the machine tool structure miniaturization. For the ∏-type gantry structure, the main shaft is located in the center of the beam fixed on the upper end of the gantry, the deformation can be completely suppressed, and the structural rigidity is very good, but this structure will greatly affect the convenience of operation which is very important to the machine tool. Especially in micro electrolytic machining, tool electrodes and workpieces need to be carefully manipulated during installation and process monitoring, so an open operating space is required.

In addition, for micro-electrolytic machining, the main shaft usually only performs feed motion without rotational motion. When electrolytic machining of micro-holes, the rotating main shaft can not only improve the roundness and dimensional accuracy of the micro-holes, but also facilitate the electrolysis in the machining gap. The rapid update of the liquid is conducive to the stable processing, and it can process structures such as space spiral grooves.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to design a structure of a micro-electrolytic machining machine tool, which can take into account good system rigidity, small system structure and convenient operation and maintenance, high machining accuracy, and can also electrolytically process space spiral groove structures.

The micro-electrolytic machining machine tool for realizing the task of the present invention includes a machine tool base, a workbench, a work box, and a main shaft.

It is characterized in that it also includes double columns symmetrically placed on the workbench with respect to the plane where the spindle axis is located. The plane where the spindle axis is located refers to the plane formed by the axes of the double columns parallel to the spindle axis. The ball guide rails parallel to each other, the combined bearing seat connected to the main shaft through the bearing, and the two sliders connected to the two ball guide rails through the drag plate constitute the composite structure of the gantry ∏ type and the C type and the vertical direction of the main shaft. The feed drive transmission device and the drive transmission device for the rotation of the main shaft and the electric lead device placed in the combined bearing seat and in contact with the surface of the main shaft 8 .

The combined bearing seat of the present invention is composed of an upper bearing seat, a lower bearing seat, and two left and right side plates. Said upper bearing seat and lower bearing seat are connected to each other through two left and right side plates to form an integral frame, and are fixed on the carriage. The combined bearing seat can greatly improve the rigidity of the machine tool structure and reduce the deformation of the spindle when it is subjected to external forces.

Because the tool electrode is installed on the main shaft in electrolytic machining, the design of the rotatable main shaft brings the problem of electric conduction of the rotating tool electrode. The electric conduction device in the present invention includes two parts, the left and the right, which are completely symmetrical to each other, and each part consists of a side plate, Composed of carbon brushes, springs, positioning cylinders and nuts. This left-right symmetrical arrangement can eliminate the radial pressure on the shaft caused by the carbon brush pressing against the rotating shaft, and can increase the contact area between the carbon brush and the shaft to ensure reliable electrical conduction.

In the present invention, the driving and transmission device in the vertical direction of the main shaft is composed of a lead screw and a nut driven by a stepping motor, and the motor and the lead screw are connected through a harmonic reducer. Said plank is connected with nut.

The driving and transmission device for the rotation of the main shaft in the present invention adopts a stepping motor to directly drive the main shaft, and the motor and the main shaft are connected through an insulating coupling.

The micro electrolytic machining machine tool realized by the present invention can take into account good system rigidity, small system structure and convenient operation and maintenance, ensure good rigidity and machining accuracy, and can also electrolytically process the spatial spiral groove structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the micro electrolytic machining machine tool of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combined bearing seat and electric lead device of the present invention. Among them, (a) is the main view, and (b) is the left view.

Designations of labels in Figure 1 and Figure 2: 1. Machine base, 2. Workbench, 3. Work box, 4 and 4 ^1. Ball guide rail, 5 and 5 ^1. Double columns, 6 and 6 ^1. Slider, 7 , carriage, 8, main shaft, 9, lower bearing seat, 10, upper bearing seat, 12, lead screw, 13, harmonic reducer, 14, stepping motor, 15, stepping motor, 21, 22, 23, Bearing, 30 and 30 ¹ , side plate, 31 and 31 ¹ , positioning cylinder, 32 and 32 ¹ , carbon brush, 33 and 33 ¹ , spring, 34 and 34 ¹ , nut.

Detailed ways

The present invention-micro-electrolytic machining machine tool mechanism, as shown in FIG. The present invention also includes double columns 5 and ⁵¹ and a pair of mutually parallel ones installed on them, and the ball guide rails are perpendicular to the workbench. The workpiece is placed in the work box fixed on the workbench.

As shown in Figure 2, the combined bearing seat of the present invention includes an upper bearing seat 10, a lower bearing seat 9, a side plate 30 and a side plate 30 ¹ , which jointly constitute a combined integral bearing seat similar to a rectangular frame. The bearing seat and the carriage 7 are connected by screws. During the machining process, the tool electrode mounted on the spindle head is subjected to an external force in the vertical direction (Z direction), and this force is transmitted to the shaft and causes the shaft to produce a certain Z direction displacement, compared with the traditional upper and lower separation bearing seat method , the combined bearing seat can greatly enhance the rigidity of this part of the structure and reduce the deformation caused by external force.

Double columns 5 and 5 ¹ , ball guide rails 4 and 4 ¹ , sliders 6 and 6 ¹ , carriage 7 , combined bearing seat, and main shaft 8 jointly constitute the gantry Π-type and C-type composite structure of the present invention. Compared with the conventional C-type structure, the arrangement of double columns and double guide rails can improve the linear feed accuracy and feed stability of the spindle, and improve the rigidity of the system. The arrangement of the combined bearing seat also improves the rigidity of the system at the same time. Machining, stable and precise feed is very important.

Because the tool electrode is installed on the main shaft and moves together with the main shaft in electrolytic machining, the design of the rotatable main shaft has brought the problem of electric conduction of the rotating tool electrode. The electric conduction device of the present invention is shown in Figure 2. Brush 32, spring 33, positioning cylinder 31 and nut 34 are composed, and positioning cylinder is fixed on the side plate 30 that links to each other with bearing seat 9 and 10, and one end of carbon brush 32 passes positioning cylinder 31 and contacts with main shaft 8, and the other end contacts with main shaft 8. The spring 33 is connected, the carbon brush 32 and the spring 33 are placed inside the positioning cylinder 31, and the nut 34 is properly tightened, so that the spring 33 is compressed to generate a certain elastic force, and the carbon brush 32 is reliably pressed on the surface of the spindle 8 to ensure machining Contact with the rotating spindle is reliable. The other part which is completely symmetrical to the above is composed of side plate 30 ¹ , carbon brush 32 ¹ , spring 33 ¹ , positioning cylinder 31 ¹ and nut 34 ¹ and is completely symmetrical to this part.

The specific implementation process of spindle linear feed is: the stepper motor 14 drives the lead screw 12 to rotate through the harmonic reducer 13, and the nut on the corresponding lead screw pair moves up and down, and then drives the carriage 7 connected with the nut to move accordingly. Moving up and down together, the carriage is connected to a pair of precision guide rails 4 and 4 ¹ perpendicular to the workbench 2 through sliders 6 and 6 ¹ at the same time, so the movement track of the carriage 7 is perpendicular to the workbench 2 . The main shaft 8 is installed on the upper bearing seat 10 and the lower bearing seat 9 through bearings 21, 22, 23, and the bearing seats 9 and 10 are connected on the carriage 7 by screws. Along with the motion of carriage 7, the main shaft also moves accordingly. The bearings 22 and 23 are a pair of angular contact ball bearings installed back to back, constraining the Z-direction displacement of the main shaft relative to the bearing seat.

The realization of the rotation of the main shaft is: the stepper motor 15 directly drives the main shaft 8 to rotate through the coupling, the bearing 21 is a deep groove ball bearing, which constrains the radial displacement of the shaft, and the coaxial installation of the bearings 21, 22, 23 ensures the rotation of the main shaft The amount of axial runout is within the involved range.

The main shaft can realize the linkage of linear feed and circular rotation, and can process small holes with good roundness, and can process the structure of spatial spiral grooves. The rotating main shaft can drive the electrolyte in the processing area to rotate and flow together, and play a micro-stirring role. , which is conducive to the stability of the processing process.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of fine electrolytic machining tool comprises lathe base (1), workbench (2), work box (3), main shaft (8), it is characterized in that, also comprises by the two columns (5,5 that place about main-shaft axis place plane symmetry on the workbench (2) ¹), plane, described main-shaft axis place is meant parallel with the main-shaft axis plane that is formed by two column axis, is loaded on the spherical guide a pair of parallel to each other (4,4 on two columns ¹), the built-up shaft bearing that links to each other with main shaft (8) by bearing is also by planker (7) and two slide blocks (6,6 that are loaded on two spherical guides ¹) link to each other and the drive transmission of the feeding drive transmission of the common gantry ∏ type that constitutes and C type composite structure and main shaft vertical direction and main axis rotation and placing in the built-up shaft bearing and the surperficial contacted electricity-leading device of main shaft (8).

2, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the built-up shaft bearing by top chock (10), step (9) by be fixed on the planker (7) about two blocks of side plates (30,30 ¹) be interconnected to overall structure.

3, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the feeding drive transmission of main shaft vertical direction is connected in the leading screw (12) that links to each other with planker (7) by stepper motor (14) by harmonic speed reducer (13).

4, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the rotation drive transmission of main shaft is connected in main shaft by stepper motor (15) by shaft coupling.

5, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the rotation drive transmission of main shaft is connected in main shaft by stepper motor (15) by shaft coupling.

6, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, electricity-leading device is by the positioning tube that is fixed on the side plate that links to each other with the metal (upper seat, place an end of the carbon brush in the positioning tube to pass positioning tube and contact with main shaft, the other end is connected in and places the spring in the positioning tube and be loaded on the nut on the positioning tube and constitute the complete symmetrical layout structure of left and right sides two parts and form.

7, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, electricity-leading device is by the positioning tube that is fixed on the side plate that links to each other with the metal (upper seat, place an end of the carbon brush in the positioning tube to pass positioning tube and contact with main shaft, the other end is connected in and places the spring in the positioning tube and be loaded on the nut on the positioning tube and constitute the complete symmetrical layout structure of left and right sides two parts and form.

8, fine electrolytic machining tool according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, electricity-leading device is by the positioning tube that is fixed on the side plate that links to each other with the metal (upper seat, place an end of the carbon brush in the positioning tube to pass positioning tube and contact with main shaft, the other end is connected in and places the spring in the positioning tube and be loaded on the nut on the positioning tube and constitute the complete symmetrical layout structure of left and right sides two parts and form.

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