CN1579322A - Time-domain light-deivisding differential wavelength spectro meter for detecting artery blood content and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a time-domain spectroscopic-difference spectrometer which is accurate in measurement, easy to operate, and can simultaneously measure various tissue components in arterial blood components. and its optical path, photosensitive sensor, analog detection channel, A/D conversion module, CPU and its peripheral circuits; The optical splitting device adopts AOTF, optical filter or Fourier spectrometer; the optical signal sent by the broadband light source is converted by the above-mentioned optical path and circuit, and converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion module, and the A/D conversion module The converted digital signal is post-processed by a data processing system with the CPU as the core, so as to calculate the content of the main components in the arterial blood. The invention also discloses a detection method of the spectrometer.

Description

Time domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer and detection method for detection of arterial blood components

technical field

The invention relates to a clinical medical testing instrument and method, in particular to an arterial blood component measuring instrument and method.

Background technique

There is no doubt about the importance and great value of the non-invasive detection of tissue components for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Not only that, the realization of non-invasive detection of tissue components also has great academic significance and value in signal sensing, detection and processing.

In 1977, the American scientist Jobsis first reported the experimental results of using near-infrared light to observe the changes in the content of oxyhemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin and cytochrome c in the brain of adult cats, revealing that near-infrared light (700-1300nm) has a lower concentration in biological tissues. decay rate and the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of tissue blood oxygen concentration by near-infrared spectroscopy. In view of the extremely attractive application prospects of this new non-invasive measurement method, researchers have done a large number of animal and human experiments to verify the clinical significance of monitoring tissue blood oxygen concentration with near-infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, Delpy from the University of London in the UK, Jobsis from Duke University in the United States, Tamura and Yamamoto from Hokkaido University in Japan, and Shiga from Omron Corporation in Japan, etc., started from the Lambert-Beer law, and through models, animal and human experiments, proposed several kinds of absorbance. The calculation formula for calculating the change in the blood oxygen concentration of the tissue. In the development of measuring devices, a portable tissue oximeter that replaces the laser light source with an ordinary luminescent tube LED has appeared. However, because the current methods can only give the change amount or change trend of the blood oxygen concentration, and lack of versatility, they have not been put into clinical application.

In the 1980s, Dhne first proposed the method of non-invasive measurement of human blood glucose concentration by using near-infrared spectroscopy. In the past 15 years, companies such as Futrex, Bio-control, New-mexico University, University of Iowa, Medscience in West Germany, Mitsui Metals, Hitachi and Panasonic in Japan have all made unremitting efforts in this regard. Research. The research methods can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the research using the sugar aqueous solution model, such as the research group of Gray W. Small at the University of Iowa in the United States; the other is the direct measurement of the human body and the correlation with the blood measurement results Yes, such as the IMI company in the United States. Although the research on the aqueous model of sugar has made important progress in accurately testing the molecular absorption coefficient of glucose, the model is too simple and too different from the human body to be used as a reference. Although human experiments can directly verify the effectiveness of the method, the Lambert-Beer law, which is the basis of the inductive quantitative method, is actually not applicable to human tissues with strong scattering properties, so the measurement results are difficult to interpret, and they are not universal and comparable. repeatability. From the perspective of detecting biohistochemical components, tissue blood oxygen concentration faces similar problems to blood glucose detection. However, since the absorbance change signal caused by the absorption of blood sugar is much weaker than the absorbance change signal caused by water, at present, the research on the non-invasive optical detection technology of blood sugar is more focused on how to improve the measurement accuracy to pick out the blood sugar caused by the change of blood sugar content. The change of the optical signal comes. Therefore, although some world-renowned large companies have invested a lot of money in development in the past 20 years due to the potential huge economic benefits, the non-invasive detection of blood sugar is still a long way from practical application. Relatively speaking, the economic value of non-invasive detection of other blood components is a little lower, but it is more difficult (due to the low relative content and overlapping absorption spectra), and there are few related studies abroad, mainly focusing on blood lactic acid, hormones and other components. Measurement. And there is almost no research in China). Due to individual differences, overlapping spectra, and measurement conditions (measurement location, ambient temperature, and pressure), even the measurement of tissue blood oxygen and blood glucose, which has invested huge manpower and financial resources internationally, has not yet entered clinical practice (only pulse blood Oxygen, that is, arterial blood oxygen has generally entered clinical use and plays an extremely important role), not to mention the non-invasive detection of other blood components.

Chinese Patent Publication No. 1271562, published on November 1, 2000, the Chinese invention patent application document titled "Non-invasive self-test blood glucose meter" discloses a non-invasive self-test blood glucose meter, which is mainly composed of infrared light emitting tubes The infrared light source is composed of an optical path part, a photoelectric detection converter, an electric path part and a display part. Obviously, it is impossible to realize in vivo non-invasive arterial blood glucose measurement with a single wavelength light source.

Chinese Patent Publication No. 1222063, published on July 07, 1999, a Chinese invention patent application titled "Optical Method and Device for Determining Blood Glucose Concentration" discloses a method and device for measuring blood glucose concentration of subjects , the method comprising: a) providing a light pattern that has a greater amount of stimulation to the first retinal system than to the second retinal system, resulting in a first:second stimulation ratio greater than 1, wherein said light pattern stimulates Subjective visual characteristics as a function of first:second stimulus ratio, and wherein sensitivity of said first retinal system and second retinal system to said light pattern varies as a function of blood glucose concentration of said subject; b) causing said subject to observe said subjective visual characteristic of said light pattern; and c) correlating said subject's blood glucose concentration with said subjective visual characteristic. Obviously, this method is difficult to objectively and quantitatively measure the blood sugar content. The patent application document also discloses a non-invasive blood glucose measuring instrument. There are two structures to realize non-invasive blood glucose measurement: (1) Connect a probe to the existing blood glucose meter, the probe has an oxygen electrode, glucoamylase, and the probe is connected to the air pump, and the probe is close to the finger of the tester, and the oozing out of the finger The interstitial fluid interacts with glucoamylase, and the blood glucose meter measures the blood glucose concentration; (2) There is a controlled laser, and the infrared beam is divided into two beams through a grating and a beam splitter. Reaching the chopper, the chopper sends the two beams of light to the infrared receiver respectively, and the infrared receiver sends the signal to the microprocessor, the microprocessor combines the database to perform calculations, and the display shows the measurement results. The invention patent application uses the method of skin exudate with complex operation, low measurement accuracy, few types of measurement components, and high measurement cost.

Apparently, the operation of the detection device in the above-mentioned prior art is complicated, the measurement accuracy is low, the types of measurement components are few, and the measurement cost is high.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method and an instrument that are accurate in measurement, easy to operate, and can measure multiple tissue components at the same time. In the differential spectroscopy method involved in the following description of the present invention, its concept is: in a group of photoelectric pulse waves measured under different monochromatic lights, the direct current component that contains a large amount of individual differences and system error information is removed, only The AC component associated with the pulsating blood is preserved; the spectral amplitude is expressed as the characteristic amplitude of said AC component. The concept of the time-domain spectroscopic method involved in the present invention is to perform light-splitting in the time domain through a spectroscopic device, and generate monochromatic light of different wavelengths at different times.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer used in the detection of arterial blood components in the present invention is: comprising a broadband light source, a spectroscopic device and its optical path, a photosensitive sensor, an analog detection channel, and an A/D conversion module , CPU and its peripheral circuits; the broadband light source uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm; the light splitting device and its optical path include a light splitting device and matching optical path devices. The spectroscopic device adopts AOTF, optical filter or Fourier spectrometer; if the spectroscopic device adopts AOTF, the optical path includes a broadband light source, a first condenser mirror, an AOTF spectroscopic device, a human tissue to be measured, a second condenser mirror and a photosensitive sensor; The function of the AOTF is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source into the human tissue to be measured, collect the outgoing light, and output the light beam after focusing; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source becomes parallel through the first condenser The light is incident on the AOTF crystal. Under the control of the CPU, the AOTF crystal time-divisionally modulates the parallel light into monochromatic light of different wavelengths, which is incident on the human tissue under test. The photosensitive sensor at the focal point performs photoelectric conversion; or if the beam splitter adopts an optical filter, the optical path includes a broadband light source, a first condenser lens, an optical filter, measured human tissue, a second condenser lens and a photosensitive sensor; The role of the sheet is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source to enter the measured human tissue, collect the outgoing light, and output the light beam after focusing; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source becomes parallel light through the first condenser lens Incident to the optical filter, under the control of the CPU, the optical filter time-divisionally modulates the parallel light into monochromatic light of different wavelengths incident on the human tissue to be measured, and then focuses the outgoing light of the human tissue to be measured by the second condenser lens. The photosensitive sensor at the focal point performs photoelectric conversion; or if the beam splitter adopts a Fourier spectrometer, the optical path includes a broadband light source, a first concentrator, a measured human tissue, a second concentrator, a Fourier spectrometer and a photosensitive sensor; the Fourier The function of the spectrometer is to focus the outgoing light of the broadband light source and then enter the human tissue to be measured, collect the outgoing light, and output multiple monochromatic light beams after focusing and splitting; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source passes through the first condenser lens The parallel light is incident on the human tissue to be measured, and the outgoing light is sent to the Fourier spectrometer through the second condenser, and the output monochromatic light is photoelectrically converted by the photosensitive sensor. The matching optical path device adopts one of the following devices: condenser mirror, slit, small hole; the optical signal sent by the broadband light source is converted by the above-mentioned optical path and circuit, and converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion module, The digital signal converted by the A/D conversion module is post-processed by the data processing system with the CPU as the core, so as to calculate the content of the main components in the arterial blood.

In the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer used in the detection of arterial blood components of the present invention, the function of the photosensitive sensor is to perform photoelectric conversion, and the photosensitive device adopts one of the following devices: a photosensitive tube, a photomultiplier tube, and a gallium indium arsenic photosensitive device . The function of the analog detection channel is to convert the output signal of the photosensitive device into a voltage signal matched with the A/D conversion module. According to different detection methods adopted, the analog detection channel includes a photosensitive device, an I/V conversion circuit, an isolation direct circuit, analog switch, sample-and-hold circuit, filter, phase-sensitive detection circuit, anti-aliasing filter and A/D converter; the center frequency of the filter is set according to the switching frequency of the analog switch, and AOTF The outgoing frequency of each wavelength of light wave is the same. The function of the A/D conversion module is to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal and transmit it to the CPU; the A/D conversion module includes an A/D conversion device and an interface circuit thereof; or the A/D The D conversion module is integrated in the CPU circuit. The CPU and its peripheral circuits include a CPU chip and its minimum expansion system, interface circuit, output circuit and device, man-machine dialogue module, and control circuit; the function of the CPU and its peripheral circuits is to accept the A/D conversion module The transmitted digital signal will be post-processed and necessary output, and at the same time, the overall control of the system and the man-machine dialogue process will be carried out.

The measurement method of the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer used for the detection of arterial blood components of the present invention is as follows: the first step is to connect the broadband light source, spectroscopic device and its optical path, photosensitive sensor, analog detection channel, A/D conversion module, CPU and It is an instrument for time-domain spectroscopic measurement of pulse waves composed of peripheral circuits; the broadband light source uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm. In the second step, the human tissue to be measured is placed in the optical path. According to whether the spectroscopic device used in the optical path is AOTF, or a filter, or a Fourier spectrometer, the processing of the incident light is one of the following situations : When the light splitting device in the optical path adopts AOTF, the outgoing light of the broadband light source is focused and split by the first condenser lens, and then becomes parallel light and enters the AOTF crystal. The monochromatic light of the wavelength is incident on the tissue to be measured, and the emitted light is collected and output after being focused by the second condenser lens; After focusing and splitting, the monochromatic light is time-divided into the human tissue to be measured, and the outgoing light is collected and focused to output the beam; or when the light splitting device in the optical path adopts a Fourier spectrometer, firstly, the outgoing light of the broadband light source is passed through the first The condenser lens is focused and incident on the human tissue to be measured, and then the Fourier spectrometer collects, focuses and splits the outgoing light, and outputs multiple monochromatic light beams. The photosensitive sensor performs photoelectric conversion on the output light beam. In the third step, the above-mentioned signal converted by the photosensitive sensor is controlled by the CPU and adopts the corresponding analog detection channel to realize the signal conversion. The output voltage waveform of each analog detection channel represents the AC component of a characteristic photoelectric pulse wave; time-sharing acquisition of different analog The photoelectric pulse wave of the detection channel is A/D converted and sent to the CPU system for processing. In the fourth step, the CPU synthesizes the A/D conversion results from the same analog detection channel into a pulse wave tracing sequence; using the signal analysis method, the characteristic amplitude of each waveform is extracted as the differential spectral amplitude corresponding to each incident light wavelength , the characteristic amplitude described here can be expressed by the amplitude of the fundamental wave component or the peak-to-peak value; the content of the measured component is calculated by using analytical chemistry methods.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the differential spectrum measurement method and instrument of the present invention are: since the differential spectrometer of the present invention adopts the differential spectrum detection method and the time-domain spectroscopic method, the influence of individual differences can be greatly eliminated. Therefore, it is accurate in measurement, easy to operate, and can measure multiple tissue components at the same time.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the optical path schematic diagram when AOTF is adopted in the differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path when using a filter in the differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the optical path schematic diagram when adopting Fourier transform spectrometer in differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the electrical block diagram of differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the process of measuring with the differential spectrum measuring instrument of the present invention.

The following is an explanation of the main reference signs in the drawings of the specification of the present invention.

1——Broadband light source 2——Spectroscopic device and its optical path

3——Photosensitive sensor 4——Analog detection channel

5——A/D conversion module 6——CPU

7——First Condenser 8——AOTF Spectroscopic Device

9——Measured human tissue 10——Second condenser lens

11——Fourier spectrometer 13——DC blocking circuit

15——Filters

17——analog switch 19——filter

21——A/D Converter 25——Phase Sensitive Detector Circuit

31 - Anti-aliasing filter

Detailed ways

The time-domain spectroscopic-difference spectrometer and detection method for arterial blood component detection of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer used for arterial blood component detection of the present invention includes a broadband light source 1, a spectroscopic device and its optical path 2, a photosensitive sensor 3, an analog detection channel 4, and an A/D conversion module 5. CPU6 and its peripheral circuits; the broadband light source 1 uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm; the light splitting device and its optical path 2 include a light splitting device and matching optical path devices.

Wherein, the spectroscopic device adopts AOTF8, optical filter 15 or Fourier spectrometer 11; if the spectroscopic device adopts AOTF8, the optical path includes a broadband light source 1, a first condenser lens 7, an AOTF spectroscopic device 8, human tissue to be measured 9, The second condenser lens 10 and the photosensitive sensor 3; the effect of the AOTF8 is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 to be incident on the human tissue 9 to be measured, and collect the outgoing light, and output the light beam after focusing; that is, the The outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 becomes parallel light through the first condenser lens 7 and enters the AOTF crystal. The second condenser lens 10 focuses the outgoing light of the measured human tissue 9, and the photoelectric sensor 3 at the focal point performs photoelectric conversion; or if the beam splitter adopts an optical filter 15, the optical path includes a broadband light source 1, a first condenser lens 7 , an optical filter 15, a measured human tissue 9, a second condenser lens 10 and a photosensitive sensor 3; the function of the optical filter 15 is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 into the measured human tissue 9, and collect the outgoing light, and output the light beam after focusing; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 becomes parallel light through the first condenser lens 7 and enters the filter 15, and under the control of the CPU6, the optical filter 15 converts the parallel light The monochromatic light modulated into different wavelengths in time-division is incident on the human tissue 9 to be measured, and then the outgoing light of the human tissue 9 to be measured is focused by the second condenser lens 10, and the photoelectric conversion is performed by the photosensitive sensor 3 at the focal point; or if the The beam splitter adopts a Fourier spectrometer 11, and then the light path includes a broadband light source 1, the first condenser lens 7, measured human tissue 9, the second condenser lens 10, a Fourier spectrometer 11 and a photosensitive sensor 3; the effect of the Fourier spectrometer 11 is to The outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 is focused and incident on the human tissue 9 to be measured, and the outgoing light is collected, and multiple monochromatic light beams are output after focusing and splitting; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 passes through the first condenser lens 7 to become parallel The light is incident on the human tissue 9 to be measured, and the outgoing light is sent to the Fourier spectrometer 11 through the second condenser lens 10 , and the output monochromatic light is photoelectrically converted by the photosensitive sensor 3 . In addition, the matching optical path device may adopt a condenser lens, a slit or a small hole.

The optical signal sent by the broadband light source 1 is converted by the above-mentioned optical path and circuit, and converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion module 5, and the digital signal converted by the A/D conversion module 5 is obtained by the data centered by the CPU6. The processing system performs post-processing, so as to calculate the content of the main components in the arterial blood.

In the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer for arterial blood component detection of the present invention, the function of the photosensitive sensor 3 is to perform photoelectric conversion, and the photosensitive device 3 can be a photosensitive tube, or a photomultiplier tube or a gallium indium arsenic photosensitive sensor. device. The function of the analog detection channel 4 is to convert the output signal of the photosensitive device 3 into a voltage signal matched with the A/D conversion module 5. According to different detection methods adopted, the analog detection channel 4 includes a photosensitive device, an I/V Conversion circuit 16, DC blocking circuit 30, analog switch 17, anti-aliasing filter 31, filter 19, phase-sensitive detection circuit 25 and A/D converter 21; the center frequency of the filter 19 is based on the analog switch The switching frequency setting of 17 is consistent with the outgoing frequency of light waves of each wavelength emitted by the AOTF. The effect of described A/D conversion module 5 is to convert analog voltage signal into digital signal, and deliver to described CPU6; Described A/D conversion module 5 comprises A/D conversion device and interface circuit thereof; Or described The A/D conversion module 5 is integrated in the CPU circuit. Described CPU6 and its peripheral circuit comprise CPU chip and minimum expansion system thereof, interface circuit, output circuit and device, man-machine dialogue module, control circuit; The effect of described CPU6 and its peripheral circuit is to accept described A/D conversion module 5. Transmit the digital signal, and perform post-processing and necessary output, and at the same time perform overall control and man-machine dialogue process on the system.

The workflow of the time-domain spectrometer for arterial blood component detection of the present invention is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 6, the optical signal sent by the broadband light source 1 passes through the spectroscopic device and its optical path 2, that is, through the first condenser lens 7 Focusing 102, after time-domain splitting by the spectroscopic device, it is incident on the human tissue 103 to be measured, the outgoing light is received by the photosensitive sensor 3 and converted into an electrical signal 104, and then converted by the circuit part in the analog detection channel 4, that is , send into corresponding analog detection channel 105 through analog switch, realize signal conversion 106 with corresponding analog detection channel; Carry out A/D conversion to the photoelectric pulse wave of each analog detection channel by A/D conversion module 5, convert it into Digital Signal 107 . The result of A/D conversion will be post-processed by the data processing system with CPU as the core. That is, at first, the data representing different differential pulse waves are separated to generate a pulse wave tracing sequence 108. If n characteristic wavelengths are used, then the mn+ith (i=1, 2, ..., n; m=0, 1 , 2,...) data together characterize the differential photoelectric pulse wave corresponding to the i-th characteristic wavelength; secondly, extract the characteristic amplitude of each differential photoelectric pulse wave to form a differential spectrum, and its amplitude can be determined by the represented by the fundamental wave component; or represented by the peak-to-peak value of each group of light spot pulse waves 109 . After the differential spectrum is obtained, the content 110 of the main components in the arterial blood can be calculated from the differential spectrum by an analytical chemical method (also called a stoichiometric method).

The measurement method of the time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer used for the detection of arterial blood components of the present invention is as follows: the first step is to connect a broadband light source 1, a spectroscopic device and its optical path 2, a photosensitive sensor 3, an analog detection channel 4, and an A/D conversion The time-domain spectroscopic pulse wave measurement instrument composed of module 5, CPU6 and its peripheral circuits; the broadband light source 1 uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm; the second step is to place the measured human tissue 9 in In the optical path, depending on whether the optical splitting device used in the optical path is AOTF, or a filter, or a Fourier spectrometer, the processing of the incident light is one of the following situations: when the optical splitting device in the optical path adopts AOTF8, The outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 is focused and split by the first condenser lens 7, and then becomes parallel light and enters the AOTF crystal. On the tissue 9, the collected outgoing light is focused by the second condenser lens 10 to output the light beam; or when the spectroscopic device in the optical path adopts an optical filter 15, firstly, the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 is focused and split by the first condenser lens 7 , the monochromatic light is time-divided and incident on the human tissue 9 to be measured, and the outgoing light is collected and focused to output the light beam; or when the light splitting device in the optical path adopts the Fourier spectrometer 11, firstly, the outgoing light of the broadband light source 1 is passed through the first condenser lens 7. After being focused, it enters the measured human tissue 9, and then, the Fourier spectrometer 11 collects, focuses and splits the emitted light, and outputs a plurality of monochromatic light beams; the photosensitive sensor 3 performs photoelectric conversion on the above-mentioned output beams; The 3rd step, the above-mentioned signal transformed with photosensitive sensor 3 is controlled by CPU6 and adopts corresponding analog detection channel 4 to realize signal conversion, and the output voltage waveform of each analog detection channel 4 represents the AC component of a characteristic photoelectric pulse wave; time-sharing Collect the photoelectric pulse waves of different analog detection channels 4 for A/D conversion, and send them to the CPU6 system for processing; in the fourth step, CPU6 synthesizes the A/D conversion results from the same analog detection channel 4 into N pulse wave tracing series ;Adopt the signal analysis method to extract the characteristic amplitude of each waveform as the differential spectral amplitude corresponding to each incident light wavelength, where the characteristic amplitude can be the fundamental wave component value of each waveform; or each group of photoelectric The peak-to-peak value of the pulse wave is indicated; the content of the measured components is calculated by using analytical chemistry methods.

Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative, rather than restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many modifications can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention and the scope of protection of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A time domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer for detection of arterial blood components, characterized in that it comprises a broadband light source (1), a spectroscopic device and an optical path (2), a photosensitive sensor (3), an analog detection channel (4), A/D conversion module (5), CPU (6) and their peripheral circuits; the broadband light source (1) uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm; the spectroscopic device and its optical path (2) include Optical splitting device and its matching optical path device; The spectroscopic device adopts AOTF (8), optical filter (15) or Fourier spectrometer (11); If the spectroscopic device adopts AOTF (8), the optical path includes a broadband light source (1), a first condenser lens (7), an AOTF spectroscopic device (8), a human tissue to be measured (9), a second condenser lens (10) and a photosensitive The sensor (3); the function of the AOTF (8) is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) to be incident on the measured human tissue (9), collect the outgoing light, and output the beam after focusing; That is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) becomes parallel light through the first condenser lens (7) and enters the AOTF crystal. After the light is incident on the measured human tissue (9), the outgoing light of the measured human tissue (9) is focused by the second condenser lens (10), and the photoelectric conversion is performed by the photosensitive sensor (3) at the focal point; or If the spectroscopic device adopts an optical filter (15), the optical path includes a broadband light source (1), a first condenser lens (7), an optical filter (15), a measured human tissue (9), a second condenser lens (10) and a photosensitive sensor (3); the effect of the filter (15) is to focus and split the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) into the measured human tissue (9), and collect the outgoing light, focusing Rear output light beam; That is, the outgoing light of described broadband light source (1) becomes parallel light incident filter (15) through the first condenser lens (7), and under the control of CPU (6), filter (15) The parallel light is time-divisionally modulated into monochromatic light of different wavelengths and is incident on the human tissue (9) to be measured. After the second condenser lens (10) is used to focus the outgoing light of the human tissue (9) to be measured, the photosensitive sensor at the focal point (3) performing photoelectric conversion; or If the light-splitting device adopts a Fourier spectrometer (11), the optical path includes a broadband light source (1), a first condenser mirror (7), a human tissue to be measured (9), a second condenser mirror (10), and a Fourier spectrometer (11) and a photosensitive sensor (3); the effect of the Fourier spectrometer (11) is to focus the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) and incident it into the measured human tissue (9), and to collect the outgoing light, and to output more light after focusing and light splitting a monochromatic light beam; that is, the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) becomes parallel light incident to the measured human tissue (9) through the first condenser lens (7), and the outgoing light is sent into the Fourier transform through the second condenser lens (10). Spectrometer (11), the monochromatic light of its output is carried out photoelectric conversion by photosensitive sensor (3); The matching optical path device adopts one of the following devices: condenser mirror, slit, aperture; the optical signal sent by the broadband light source (1) is converted by the above-mentioned optical path and circuit, and converted by the A/D conversion module (5) It is converted into a digital signal, and the digital signal converted by the A/D conversion module (5) is post-processed by the data processing system with the CPU (6) as the core, thereby calculating the content of the main components in the arterial blood. 2. A kind of time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer for arterial blood component detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the effect of described photosensitive sensor (3) is to carry out photoelectric conversion, and described photosensitive sensor (3) adopts One of the following devices: photosensitive tube, photomultiplier tube, and gallium indium arsenic photosensitive device. 3. A kind of time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer for arterial blood component detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the effect of described analog detection channel (4) is to convert the output signal of photosensitive sensor (3) into The voltage signal matched with the A/D conversion module (5) is different according to the detection method adopted, and the analog detection channel (4) includes a photosensitive sensor, an I/V conversion circuit (16), a DC blocking circuit (13), an analog switch (17), filter (19), phase-sensitive detection circuit (25), anti-aliasing filter (31) and A/D conversion circuit (21); the center frequency of the filter (19) is according to the The switching frequency setting of the analog switch (17) is consistent with the outgoing frequency of light waves of each wavelength emitted by the AOTF. 4. A kind of time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer for arterial blood component detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the effect of described A/D conversion module (5) is to convert analog voltage signal into digital signal, and delivered to the CPU (6); the A/D conversion module (5) includes an A/D conversion device and its interface circuit; or the A/D conversion module (5) is integrated in the CPU circuit. 5. a kind of time-domain spectroscopic difference spectrometer that is used for arterial blood component detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described CPU (6) and peripheral circuit thereof comprise CPU chip and minimum expansion system thereof, interface circuit, Output circuit and device, man-machine dialogue module, control circuit; The effect of described CPU (6) and its peripheral circuit is to accept the digital signal that described A/D conversion module (5) transmits, and carry out post-processing and necessary Output, at the same time the overall control of the system and the man-machine dialogue process. 6. A time-domain spectroscopic difference detection method for detection of arterial blood components, characterized in that the detection method comprises the following steps: The first step is to connect the broadband light source (1), spectroscopic device and its optical path (2), photosensitive sensor (3), analog detection channel (4), A/D conversion module (5), CPU (6) and its An instrument for time-domain spectroscopic measurement of pulse waves composed of peripheral circuits; the broadband light source (1) uses visible light or even near-infrared light with a bandwidth of 600-1300nm; In the second step, the measured human tissue (9) is placed in the light path. According to the light splitting device adopted in the light path is AOTF, or optical filter, or Fourier spectrometer is different, the process of incident light is as follows One of the situations: When the light splitting device in the optical path adopts AOTF (8), the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) is focused and split by the first condenser lens (7), becomes parallel light and enters the AOTF crystal, under the control of CPU (6) , the AOTF crystal time-divisionally modulates the parallel light into monochromatic light of different wavelengths incident on the tissue under test (9), collects the outgoing light and outputs the light beam after being focused by the second condenser lens (10); or When the optical filter (15) is used as the optical splitting device in the optical path, firstly, after focusing and splitting the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) through the first condenser lens (7), the monochromatic light is time-divided and incident on the human body under test Tissue (9), collecting and focusing the outgoing light to output the light beam; or When the light splitting device in the optical path adopts a Fourier spectrometer (11), at first, the outgoing light of the broadband light source (1) is focused by the first condenser lens (7) and then incident on the human tissue to be measured (9), then, the Fourier spectrometer (11) collecting, focusing and splitting the outgoing light, and outputting multiple monochromatic light beams; The photosensitive sensor (3) performs photoelectric conversion on the output light beam; In the third step, the above-mentioned signal converted by the photosensitive sensor (3) is controlled by the CPU (6) and adopts the corresponding analog detection channel (4) to realize signal conversion, and the output voltage waveform of each analog detection channel (4) represents a characteristic The AC component of the photoelectric pulse wave; the photoelectric pulse wave of different analog detection channels (4) is collected in time-sharing for A/D conversion, and sent to the CPU (6) system for processing; In the fourth step, the CPU (6) synthesizes the A/D conversion results from the same analog detection channel (4) into N pulse wave tracing series; adopt the signal analysis method to extract the fundamental wave component value of each waveform as corresponding to each The differential spectral amplitude of each incident light wavelength; using the stoichiometric method, the content of the measured component is calculated.

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