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CN1466814A - 谐振器布置 - Google Patents

谐振器布置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1466814A
CN1466814A CNA018162355A CN01816235A CN1466814A CN 1466814 A CN1466814 A CN 1466814A CN A018162355 A CNA018162355 A CN A018162355A CN 01816235 A CN01816235 A CN 01816235A CN 1466814 A CN1466814 A CN 1466814A
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resonator
circuit
benchmark
tuning
resonance device
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CN100338874C (zh
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T
T·奥斯特塔格
C·科尔登
W·鲁伊莱
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Qualcomm Inc
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Siemens Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/08Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
    • G06K19/10Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
    • G06K19/16Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being a hologram or diffraction grating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03JTUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J3/00Continuous tuning
    • H03J3/02Details
    • H03J3/06Arrangements for obtaining constant bandwidth or gain throughout tuning range or ranges
    • H03J3/08Arrangements for obtaining constant bandwidth or gain throughout tuning range or ranges by varying a second parameter simultaneously with the tuning, e.g. coupling bandpass filter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03JTUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J3/00Continuous tuning
    • H03J3/28Continuous tuning of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the tuning frequencies of the circuits having a substantially constant difference throughout the tuning range
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03JTUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J5/00Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner
    • H03J5/02Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with variable tuning element having a number of predetermined settings and adjustable to a desired one of these settings
    • H03J5/0245Discontinuous tuning using an electrical variable impedance element, e.g. a voltage variable reactive diode, in which no corresponding analogue value either exists or is preset, i.e. the tuning information is only available in a digital form
    • H03J5/0272Discontinuous tuning using an electrical variable impedance element, e.g. a voltage variable reactive diode, in which no corresponding analogue value either exists or is preset, i.e. the tuning information is only available in a digital form the digital values being used to preset a counter or a frequency divider in a phase locked loop, e.g. frequency synthesizer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03LAUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/0805Details of the phase-locked loop the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03LAUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/16Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/18Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种谐振器布置和一种谐振器调谐方法。上述谐振器布置,包括至少一个可调谐的基准谐振器、用基准谐振器的一个调节量将基准谐振器调谐到一个参考值的装置、至少一个可调谐的电路谐振器和调谐电路谐振器的装置。把调谐电路谐振器的装置设计成,可把基准谐振器的调节量用作调谐电路谐振器的量度。

Description

谐振器布置
本发明涉及一种谐振器布置和一种谐振器调谐方法。
谐振器在制造过程中会有某些制造波动。此外,在运行中出现老化-和温度波动。这都导致一个在电路中所用的电路谐振器的频率状况一般不能准确地符合制造的预定指标,而且还会随时间的流逝而发生变化。
恰恰对于诸如移动电话和其它移动终端设备的现代电信装置,采用一个具有尽可能精确预定频率状况的电路谐振器是有决定性意义的。这更适用于日益现代化的、只能以特别精确方式工作的滤波器实现的直接转换方法。
对于上述使用范围的滤波器,至今使用的是表面波器件形式的谐振器。这些已经公知的谐振器有,例如DE 198 60 058 C1、EP 0 746 775B1、EP 0 655 701 B1、EP 0 651 344 B1、EP 0619 906 B1、US 5 691698、US 5 841 214、US 5 966 008、US 5 910 779、US 6 029 324和US 6 084 503。它们尤其以具有较高的时间稳定性而闻名。
遗憾的是,这些表面波器件不能用半导体技术进行集成,这就是必须谋求混合电路解决方案的原因。为了摆脱这些混合电路解决方案,已知的有至少能制造部分CMOS-兼容的FBAR(Film Bulk AcousticResonator)。然而,从制造技术上没有掌握所要求的频率精度,致使不能批量生产和降低成本。
本发明的任务在于,提出一种谐振器布置和一种谐振器调谐方法,以补偿谐振器的制造波动、温度波动和老化波动。此外,谐振器布置和谐振器调谐方法尤其要适用于微结构化和集成器件。
该任务通过具有独立权利要求特征的一种谐振器布置和谐振器调谐方法来解决。
本发明首先以这样的认识为出发点,即不用确定特性的、尤其是预定频率状况的谐振器,而是采用可调谐的谐振器。这些谐振器确切地说按照初看起来不太适合解决预定的任务,因为它们一般具有更大的制造波动、温度波动和老化波动。然而通过本发明的谐振器布置和谐振器调谐方法,能使得上述缺点得到克服。
按照谐振器的配置,除了本身的电路谐振器外,还使用一个基准谐振器。基准谐振器和电路谐振器都是可调谐的。其思路是,基准谐振器和电路谐振器具有大约相同的制造波动、温度波动和老化波动。将基准谐振器调谐一个调谐量,使得其谐振器值对应一个预定的基准值。作为谐振器值或预定的基准值,尤其要考虑的是频率状况。
据此去调谐电路谐振器,此时,把基准谐振器的调节量用作调谐电路谐振器的量度。
特别有利的是用一个振荡回路实现本发明。为了补偿制造波动、温度波动和老化波动,将基准谐振器布置在一个振荡回路中,其中,该基准谐振器是决定振荡回路频率的器件。如果振荡回路频率与一个预定的基准频率相一致,那么可以肯定,基准谐振器具有所希望的电气值。
为使振荡回路频率大致与基准频率相一致,通过用基准谐振器的调节量调谐基准谐振器的装置,将基准谐振器相应地进行调谐。基准谐振器的调节量就用作调谐电路谐振器的量度。电路谐振器从而可以根据基准谐振器的调节量来调谐。
如果基准谐振器和电路谐振器相同,而且它们的电气值相同,则在最简单情况下,基准谐振器的调节量对应于电路谐振器的调节量,以该调节量将电路谐振器调谐到基准谐振器的电气值。但可以设想更加复杂的关系,比方说如有意识地使基准谐振器和电路谐振器相互失谐,或者把调谐基准谐振器的装置设计成与调谐电路谐振器的装置不同。更主要的思路是,把基准谐振器的调节特性,尤其是为此所用的基准谐振器的调节量用作信息源,以便将电路谐振器调整到所希望的电气值。在这种情况下,电路谐振器保持不受测量其电气值的装置影响,并能因此独立地应用于任何电路中。
正确调谐基准谐振器尤其可按照以下方式进行:将基准谐振器布置在一个振荡回路中,谐振器布置拥有将振荡回路频率与基准频率进行比较的装置。对于基准谐振器的参考值,针对振荡回路频率产生一个基准频率。如果用调谐基准谐振器的装置将可调谐基准谐振器调整到使振荡回路频率大致对应于基准频率,则可调谐谐振器的谐振器值大约等于预定的参考值。
如果电路谐振器布置在一个滤波器电路中,则谐振器布置可用于所有可以设想的滤波器目的。谐振器布置能布置在一个移动终端设备中,尤其是在移动电话中。
还有可能将多个基准谐振器和/或电路谐振器应用在所述谐振器布置中,此时可以给每个电路谐振器分配一个自己的基准谐振器,或多个电路谐振器属于同一个基准谐振器。
如果谐振器布置拥有一个第二可调谐的电路谐振器,则将该电路谐振器和第二电路谐振器布置在一个梯形滤波器中,其中电路谐振器之一与有用信号串联,而另一个在并联电路中接地。通过这种布置,也可用单门电路实现一个带通滤波器。在需要时能将第二电路谐振器相对电路谐振器失谐。
谐振器布置最好采用微结构化和/或集成化的器件设计。基准谐振器和/或电路谐振器,只要它们以充分的方式可调谐,就可以特别优良地被实施为:表面波器件(OFW-器件)、体波器件(FBAR)和/或薄膜振子。
按照基本设想,即基准谐振器和电路谐振器有大约相同的制造波动、温度波动和老化波动,尤其有利的是将它们用相同的晶片制造。在这种情况下,不要将基准谐振器和电路谐振器在制造完成之后就分开,因为恰恰因此确保谐振器之间有个特别好的热连接。另外有利的是:谐振器布置拥有使基准谐振器与电路谐振器之间相互热连接的装置。为了使连接路径尽量的短而且基准谐振器与电路谐振器之间的温度差尽量的小,将基准谐振器和电路谐振器相邻布置。
振荡回路在电路谐振器及其所属电路上的串音会产生问题。为了避免这些问题,可以使振荡回路时间不连续地运行,此时一旦在其中布置有电路谐振器的电路成为有源的,就要关闭振荡回路。
另外可以阻止串音,此时振荡回路频率处于其中设有电路谐振器的滤波器电路的有用带宽之外。
如果谐振器布置拥有为调节和/或产生一个电路频率信号的调节装置,它与滤波器电路的输出信号混合,那么最终能将调节装置作为第三种选择设计成,通过调节装置也可调谐振荡回路频率。尤其可以拥有一个振荡器,将该振荡器设计成,使它也作为其中产生电路频率信号电路的振荡器使用。这种选择尤其可以与直接转换方法关联地使用。这种运行模式的一大优点是不需要附加的部件。
所列举的特征既可与谐振器布置关联地使用,也可与谐振器调谐方法关联地使用。
本发明的其他主要特征和优点,用一个实施例的图示说明。
图1示出的是一个谐振器布置。
在图1中示出一个带有天线2的谐振器布置1,经过天线接收一个高频信号并馈送到谐振器布置1的输入端3。所述高频信号尤其是一个按照GSM-标准或UMTS-标准的移动无线电信号、一个按照蓝牙标准的信号或一个其它用于传输信息的数字或模拟信号。
在谐振器布置的输入端3设置有一个滤波器4,它包含有一个可调谐的电路谐振器5和一个第二可调谐的电路谐振器6。滤波器4被构建为梯形滤波器,在其中电路谐振器5串联在高频信号路径,而第二电路谐振器6在通向信号路径的并联电路中接地。经过滤波的高频信号作为滤波器电路的输出信号在滤波器输出端7离开滤波器,在混频器8中与由振荡器9产生的振荡器信号混合成一个中间频率信号。在振荡器信号从振荡器9先经过缓冲放大器10然后到达混频器8。
把振荡器9实施为电压控制振荡器(Voltage ControlOszillator,VCO)。它与一个基准谐振器11一起布置在一个振荡回路中。基准谐振器11被集成在一个锁相环(PLL)中。为此,将振荡回路信号经过可编程的分频器12传输给相位比较器13。经过一个尤其是作为稳定体积振荡器,其最好被实施为石英的比较频率发生器15和一个可编程的分频器16,将一个比较频率传输到相位比较器13上,在其输出端有从低通14滤波器提供的调节量UR供基准谐振器11支配。从而确保了基准谐振器11拥有它预定的参考值。
振荡回路信号经过一个A/D-转换器17被馈送到一个微控制18。微控制器18。利用基准谐振器11的调节量UR作调谐可调谐电路谐振器5的量度。为此,根据基准谐振器11的调节量UR计算可调谐电路谐振器5的调节量US1,调节量US1按照规定通过微控制器18被D/A-转换器转换并应用到可调谐电路谐振器5上。
以类似方式,通过一个另外的D/A-转换器,根据基准谐振器11的调节量UR生成第二电路谐振器6的调节量US2
第二电路谐振器6相对于电路谐振器5略有失谐,以便确保滤波器4的带通功能。对于电路谐振器5和第二电路谐振器6完全相同的情况,还将第二电路谐振器6的调节量US2应用到第二电路谐振器6上,它与在电路谐振器5上使用的电路谐振器5的调节量US1有偏差。
但是对于简单应用的情况也可以放弃微控制器18和变换器17、19和20,此时将相同的调节量UR US2和US1应用到所有的谐振器上。此外可以考虑将调节量UR、US1和US2例如经过一个分压器置于一个所希望的、固定的比例。
基准谐振器11、电路谐振器5和第二电路谐振器6位于晶片21上并通过它相互热连接。
通过电路谐振器5的调节量US1和第二电路谐振器6的调节量US2以及这些调节量相互之间的比例,能调整滤波器4的带宽和/或中心频率。
微控制器18能通过一个固定的数学关系,根据基准谐振器11的调节量UR计算电路谐振器5调节量US1和第二电路谐振器6调节量US2。但是在此也可设想使用神经网络。
可能出现的问题是:基准谐振器11与滤波器4的电路谐振器5、6之间的绝缘。振荡器9与滤波器4之间的串音可通过下列调节运行模式避开:
a)如果振荡器9工作在滤波器4的有用带宽之内,则以相对于滤波器4的有源的时间段在时间上偏移的方式确定基准谐振器11的调节量UR。如果对于谐振器布置1涉及的是一个移动电话的、在接收支路中作为滤波器使用的一个谐振器布置,则例如可将发送窗口用于振荡回路运行。在充分利用谐振器布置1的短时稳定性情况下,将电路谐振器5、6的调节量US1和US2保持在接收窗口中,并在此时间将振荡器9关闭。
b)振荡器9总是工作在滤波器4的有用带宽之外。当谐振器的调谐特性曲线处于已知的上升状态时,电路谐振器的当前调节量US1和US2将为电路谐振器5、6外推。
振荡器9同时被用作发送-/接收电路的局部振荡器(LO),在发送-/接收电路中布置有电路谐振器5。恰恰在直接转换方法时,局部振荡器的工作频率位于接收频率附近或在接收频率处(真正的直接转换或Low-IF)。这种运行模式的一个最大优点是不需要附加的部件。附加的控制功能从已有的微控制器18中获得。

Claims (17)

1.谐振器布置,所述谐振器布置具有
-一个可调谐的基准谐振器(11),
-借助于基准谐振器(11)的调节量(UR)把基准谐振器(11)调谐
到一个基准值的装置(13、14),
-一个可调谐的电路谐振器(5)和
-调谐电路谐振器(5)的装置(18、19),其中把调谐电路谐振器(5)的装置(18、19)设计成,可把基准谐振器(11)的调节量(UR)用作调谐电路谐振器(5)的量度。
2.如权利要求1的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
-基准谐振器(11)布置在一个振荡回路(9、11)中,
-谐振器布置(1)拥有将振荡回路频率与一个基准频率比较的装置(13),和
-把借助于基准谐振器(11)的调节量(UR)调谐基准谐振器(11)的装置(13、14)设计成:通过调谐基准谐振器(11)可将振荡回路频率调整到所述基准频率。
3.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
把电路谐振器(5)布置在一个滤波器(4)中。
4.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
谐振器布置拥有至少一个第二可调谐电路谐振器(6)。
5.根据至少权利要求4的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
电路谐振器(5、6)相互间是失谐的。
6.根据至少权利要求3和4的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
电路谐振器(5、6)布置在一个梯形滤波器(4)中。
7.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:基准谐振器(11)和/或电路谐振器(5)被设计为表面波器件、体波器件和/或薄膜振子。
8.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
基准谐振器(5)和电路谐振器(6)源自同一晶片(21)。
9.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
基准谐振器(11)和电路谐振器(5)被相邻安置。
10.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
谐振器布置(1)拥有将基准谐振器和电路谐振器热耦合的装置(21)。
11.根据至少权利要求2的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
振荡回路(9、11)可以在时间上不连续地运行。
12.根据至少上述权利要求之一的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
电路谐振器(5)被布置在一个发送-和/或接收电路中。
13.根据至少权利要求11和12的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
只要一个发送-和/或接收电路进行发送和/或接收,振荡回路(9、11)就可关断。
14.根据至少权利要求3的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
振荡回路频率位于滤波器(4)的有用带宽之外。
15.根据至少权利要求2的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
谐振器布置拥有调节装置,所述调节装置调节一个与滤波器电路输出信号混合的电路频率信号;把该调节装置设计成:通过它也可调谐振荡回路频率。
16.根据至少权利要求2的谐振器布置,
其特征在于:
振荡回路(9、11)拥有一个振荡器(9),把振荡器(9)设置成使它也作为用于一个在其中产生电路频率信号的电路振荡器(9)。
17.谐振器调谐方法,其中
-借助于基准谐振器(11)的一个调节量(UR)将一个可调谐的基准谐振器(11)调谐到一个基准频率值,和
将基准谐振器(11)的调节量(UR)用作调谐至少一个可调谐的电路谐振器(6)的量度。
CNB018162355A 2000-09-25 2001-09-20 谐振器布置和谐振器调谐方法 Expired - Lifetime CN100338874C (zh)

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