CN1450882A - 石杉碱经皮给药制剂 - Google Patents
石杉碱经皮给药制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1450882A CN1450882A CN00815183A CN00815183A CN1450882A CN 1450882 A CN1450882 A CN 1450882A CN 00815183 A CN00815183 A CN 00815183A CN 00815183 A CN00815183 A CN 00815183A CN 1450882 A CN1450882 A CN 1450882A
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- huperzine
- drug administration
- preparation according
- administration preparation
- percutaneous drug
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种经皮肤给药石杉碱的组合物以改善记忆和认知功能。一方面,传递足够量的石杉碱以达到并维持石杉碱的血药浓度在大约0.1到30ng/ml。石杉碱可以单独传递,或与其它促进健康的药物如维生素、矿物质以及其它胆碱酯酶抑制剂等组合传递。本发明公开了多种经皮传递石杉碱的制剂,其可以含有选择性的渗透促进剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及能够改善人类记忆及认知功能的组合物及其方法。更具体地,本发明涉及能够达到理想血药浓度的石杉碱(huperzine)经皮给药的组合物及其方法。
发明背景
良好的记忆及认知功能对一个人的自立及自理是非常重要的,它是一个人生活质量的重要组成部分。一般而言,记忆及认知能力出色的人成果卓越,在学术及职业领域也会成绩斐然,同时,思维清晰、行动果断的人往往具有良好的社交能力。
许多人受益于良好的记忆及认知能力,而许多人渴望提高这方面的能力。另外,那些患有认知及记忆功能障碍的人在忍受着折磨,他们不能与社会正常交流,无法参与社会竞争,以至于生活暗淡,甚至无法自理。而一些严重的记忆及认知功能障碍患者往往被人认为是弱智。
一种类型的智力障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)。据报道AD被认为是当前导致无法自理生活及丧失生活常识的主要原因。其他智力障碍包括衰老引起的重症肌无力,和唐氏综合征,它们也会导致丧失个人的独立能力。
在许多病例中,乙酰胆碱酯酶或胆碱酯酶抑制剂被认为可减轻记忆及认知功能障碍。目前,治疗AD病人的两种主要乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂是他克林(Tacrine)及Donepezil。他克林对认知力的衰退有一定的治疗作用,但同时有一些副作用,如肝毒性。
在接受治疗剂量的他克林后,大约30%的AD患者出现了可逆性的肝毒性。这些副作用限制了它的临床应用。因此,一种理想的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂是显著改善记忆及认知功能的同时具有最低的毒副作用。
治疗记忆丧失及认知功能缺损的病人有多种给药方式,如口服等,但困难之一是需要频繁用药。频繁用药即使对记忆功能正常的人顺应性也较差,更不用说这些人智力障碍的患者了。因此,迫切需要一种只需定期给药的用于传递改善认知及记忆功能之药物的缓释制剂。
发明概述
石杉碱是一种天然的、有效的、选择性的胆碱酯酶抑制剂。它是一种石松属生物碱,从蕨类植物石杉(Huperzia Serrata)中发现,又被称为“千层塔”,在中草药领域已被应用了几个世纪,主要用于治疗各种诸如发热、炎症等疾病,目前在中国也被用来治疗记忆丧失、痴呆及认知功能下降等疾病。关于石杉碱改善记忆及认知功能的使用见《默克索引(1999)》第12版(The Merck Index12th)。
研究显示石杉碱可减轻各种原因引起的记忆力及认知能力下降等方面的疾病,如衰老、阿尔茨海默氏病、及其它疾病如艾滋病等。对于健康人,石杉碱也可提高记忆及认知功能,并且在预防认知及记忆力下降或许同样有效。另外,石杉碱可改善感情-动作缺乏综合症,如精神分裂症、帕金森氏病等,行为异常综合症,如兴奋、好战、抑郁等,唐氏综合症,痴呆,疲劳综合症,前额叶综合症,青光眼,多发性硬化,重症肌无力,瑞沃德缺陷综合症(Reward Deficiency Syndrome)等。
石杉碱产生的胆碱酯酶抑制作用持久,且没有明显的副作用,同时其副作用是可逆性的。此外它可以提高脑内乙酰胆碱的合成及释放。在治疗剂量时它的这种抑制胆碱酯酶和促进乙酰胆碱合成与释放的双重作用可同时出现。另外,有效治疗所需的石杉碱水平只会产生中等的副作用。
石杉碱除了抑制胆碱酯酶和促进乙酰胆碱合成与释放的双重作用外,也具有神经保护作用。具体地,在治疗剂量,它可以阻止谷氨酸对神经细胞的毒性作用。谷氨酸是一种兴奋性(刺激性)神经递质,在中风及其它脑部疾病发生时,脑内大量谷氨酸释放,导致细胞损伤,甚至死亡。由于对神经细胞具有的保护作用。所以石杉碱对中风、癫痫及其它神经疾病可以起到改善作用。
因此,本发明提供了一种用于提高记忆及认知功能的经皮给药制剂。一方面,所述给药制剂含有足以达到大约0.1-30ng/ml血药浓度的石杉碱,惰性载体、和渗透促进剂,所述渗透促进剂选自脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、乳酸脂肪酸酯、羟基乙酸脂肪酸酯、酰胺、胺、吡咯烷酮、甘油三酯、萜烯、表面活性剂、复合物、生物制品,及其盐以及上述物质的混合物。从另一方面来说,所要达到的石杉碱血药浓度(blood plasma level)是在大约1到大约15ng/ml之间,再从另一方面来说,在给药后大约0.5到10小时内,经皮给药制剂所达到的血药浓度是在大约0.1-30ng/ml范围。
这种石杉碱经皮给药制剂可以是长效或缓释剂型。在某一组合物的制剂中,单剂量经皮给药制剂足以获得并维持石杉碱血药浓度大约在0.1-30ng/ml至少三天。在另一组合物的制剂中,单剂量经皮给药制剂足以获得并维持石杉碱血药浓度大约在0.1-30ng/ml至少七天。
各种类型的石杉碱在改善认知及记忆功能方面可能都有效。在本发明的一个方面,石杉碱可以是选自下组之一:石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙、石杉碱X,它们的盐、类似物、衍生物、前体药物,及上述药物的混合物。在本发明的另一个方面,石杉碱可以是石杉碱甲。在本发明的再一个方面,石杉碱可以是石杉碱乙。在本发明的再一个方面,石杉碱可以是石杉碱X。
除了石杉碱,本发明的经皮给药制剂可以包括另外的胆碱酯酶抑制剂,它与石杉碱共同传送给药。在本发明的另一个方面,另外的胆碱酯酶抑制剂可以与石杉碱合成在一起,形成另一种石杉碱杂交(hybrid)物。在本发明的一个方面,所述杂交物可以是石杉碱与他克林的杂交物。
这种经皮给药制剂还可以包括各种健康促进药物,在本发明的一个方面,这些健康促进药物可以选自维生素、矿物质、氨基酸、草药及植物性药材提取物,抗氧化剂,以及上述物质的混合物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种维生素。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种矿物质。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种氨基酸。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种草药提取物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种植物提取物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种抗氧化剂。
本发明中的这种经皮给药制剂可以包括通常与改善记忆丧失紧密相关的其它药物或治疗药物。作为非限定性的例子,所述制剂一方面可以包括一种或多种精神抑制药。在本发明的另一个方面,所述制剂可以包括一种或多种抗焦虑药。在本发明的另一个方面,所述制剂可以包括一种或多种抗抑郁药。在本发明的另一个方面,所述制剂可以包括一种或多种激素。
多种经皮给药制剂可以作为本发明的一部分以经皮传递石杉碱。在本发明的一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是局部给药制剂。在本发明的另一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是粘附性骨架型帖片。在本发明的另一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是液体储库系统或贴片。
尽管本发明的经皮给药制剂可以包括各种促进剂,但在许多情况下不需加入促进剂也可以获得所需的血药浓度。因此,一方面本发明的经皮给药制剂可以不含有促进剂,当有足够剂量的石杉碱与惰性载体混合,可以达到大约0.1-30ng/ml的石杉碱有效血药浓度。另一方面,上述健康促进药物也可以加到石杉碱与载体的混合物中去。
除了石杉碱经皮给药制剂,本发明还包括了提高记忆及认知功能的方法。一方面,本方法包括经皮给药一定量的石杉碱,其足以达到大约0.1到大约30ng/ml的石杉碱血药浓度水平。另一方面,经皮给药石杉碱足以达到大约0.1-15ng/ml的石杉碱血药浓度水平。再一方面,在开始给药后的大约0.5到大约10小时内,可以达到理想的石杉碱血药浓度。再一方面,在单剂量给药后在至少三天的时间内可以维持大约0.1-30ng/ml的石杉碱血药浓度。再一方面,在单剂量给药后在至少七天的时间内可以维持上述血药浓度。
本发明的方法包括石杉碱与另外的胆碱酯酶抑制剂的共同释放。一方面,另外的胆碱酯酶抑制剂可以与石杉碱合成后形成石杉碱杂交化合物(hybrid compound)。另一方面,所述杂交化合物是石杉碱与他克林杂交物。
并且,本发明的方法包括石杉碱与另外的健康促进药物的共同释放。在本发明的一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是局部给药制剂。在本发明的另一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是粘附性骨架型帖片。在本发明的另一个方面,所述透皮制剂可以是液体储库系统或贴片。
本发明的方法还包括石杉碱与另外的健康促进药物的共同释放。在本发明的一个方面,这些健康促进药物可以选自维生素、矿物质、氨基酸、草药及植物性药材提取物,抗氧化剂,以及上述物质的混合物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种维生素。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种矿物质。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种氨基酸。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种草药提取物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种植物提取物。在本发明的另一个方面,所述健康促进药物可以是一种抗氧化剂。
以上归纳出本发明较宽的范围,通过后面的详细描述,可以更好地理解本发明的重要技术特征,更好地理解本发明对现有技术的贡献。参照本发明的详细描述以及附图和权利要求,或通过实施本发明,可以更清楚地理解本发明的其它特征。
发明内容
在具体的如何达到特定的石杉碱血药浓度的本发明的制剂和方法公开之前,可以理解本发明不限于本文公开的的方法步骤和材料,而是扩大到本领域普通技术人员可以理解的等同物。还应当理解,本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定的实施方案,并不是为了限制本发明。A.定义
在本发明的说明书和权利要求中,使用了下列术语。
单数形式“一个”、“一种”、“该”和“所述”等均包括相关的复数名词,除非在上下文中以别的方式另外强调提出。例如,有关石杉碱的传递装置包括一个“一种传递物质”,其也包括两个或更多的“传递物质”的混合物,有关“一个粘附性物质”包括一个或多个粘附性物质,有关“一种辅料”,包括一种辅料,也包括两种或多种辅料的混合物。
本文中使用的术语“石杉碱”是指石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙、石杉碱X、它们的类似物、衍生物、盐及前体药物,以及上述药物的混合物,包括从天然石杉碱来源中的合成物或提取物,也包括天然石杉碱来源中的部分提取物或进一步的合成物。
本文中使用的“胆碱酯酶”和“乙酰胆碱酯酶”可以互相使用,指能够催化胆碱酯水解的任何酶。例如,乙酰胆碱酯酶可以催化乙酰胆碱水解为乙酸及胆碱。
本文中使用的“改善健康药物、健康促进药物”及类似的表达指自然界来源的、合成的或提取的药物,这些药物对健康有益。通常健康促进药物的例子包括但不限于:维生素、矿物质、抗氧剂、氨基酸、草药及植物性药物提取剂,以及除石杉碱外的改善记忆的药物。
本文中使用的“治疗药物”及“药物”可以互相使用,指除石杉碱及其它胆碱酯酶抑制剂以外的生理活性药物,这些药物能用来治疗或改善身体状况。治疗药物的例子包括但不限于:精神抑制药、抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药、激素,以及这些药物的混合物。
本文中使用的“石杉碱传递制剂”、“经皮传递制剂”或“经皮给药制剂”指含有石杉碱的装置、体系、产品、化学组合物或其他可应用的形式,以及经皮能够影响石杉碱传递的所有方式。
本文中使用的“皮肤”指能涂抹化学药物的人体所有的膜性部分,包括身体外表皮,以及鼻腔、口腔、阴道及直肠腔的粘膜。
本文中使用的“经皮”或“经过皮肤”传递是指物质及药物进入并穿透皮肤的传递方式。因此,“经皮”、“经过粘膜”除非特别注明,均可互相替换。另外,“皮”、“真皮”、“表皮”、“皮粘膜”等术语除非特别注明,均可互相替换。
本文中使用的“促进”、“渗透促进”或“透过促进”是指能够增加皮肤透过率,加快传递药物,以增加药物透过皮肤的传递速率。渗透促进剂”、“促进剂”或“透过促进剂”或其他类似术语是指能够达到或加速渗透作用的一种或多种物质。促进剂的“有效量”是指在一定程度上加快石杉碱渗透皮肤的有效剂量。渗透促进方面由David W.Osborne和Jill J.Henks公开,其在因特网公开题目为“技术文献中提到的皮肤透过促进剂”,其可在世界范围内在如下网址中找到:pharmtech.Com/technical/osborne/osborne.htm,其在本文中引用作为参考。通过使用这些促进剂可以观察到对促进渗透的影响。例如,通过扩散槽装置,可以测定传递物质透过动物或人体皮肤的速率。该扩散槽可以参见:Merritt等,Diffusion Apparatus forSkin Penetration,J.of Controlled Released 61(1984),其在本文中引用作为参考。
本文中使用的“有效剂量”指达到希望疗效的药物的最小剂量。因此,本文中使用的石杉碱的有效量指能够达到希望的石杉碱血药浓度的石杉碱的量。
本文中使用的术语“骨架(matrix)”、“骨架系统”或“骨架贴片”指将一定量的石杉碱溶解或混悬于高分子载体里或相中,另外,也可将渗透促进剂或其他健康有益物质溶解或混悬于压力敏感性粘附剂中。该定义是指包括以下实施方案:这类高分子相层压到压力敏感性粘合剂上,或者使用粘合剂制成具有贮库的粘合性骨架型贴片。这类骨架型贴片通常包含粘附层,该层的外面为不渗透的支持背膜,内面为释放衬里,使用前要将其撕掉。支持背膜为保护骨架贴片的高分子相,防止药物和/或促进剂传递到外界环境。该释放衬里膜作用类似于支持背膜,但在将粘附性骨架型贴片贴在皮肤之前要如上所述将其撕掉。经皮传递的现有技术中已知这些骨架贴片,其通常含有支持背膜和释放衬里膜,应该认为按照本发明的骨架贴片含有支持背膜和释放衬里膜,或其功能类似物。因此,一个骨架系统是一个剂量单位或制剂的剂型,其包含在高分子载体中的一定量的石杉碱与其它任选的成分,如健康促进剂,以及可选择性的含有促进剂。作为例子而不是限制,粘合性骨架经皮给药贴片的详述可参照美国专利US5,122,383及US5,460,820,其在本文全文引用作为参考。
本文中提到的“液体贮库系统”,其缩写为“LRS”,或者叫做“液体贮库贴片”,是指经皮传递药物的系统或贴片,其中石杉碱与其它任选的成分如渗透剂与载体混合。这类载体包括适度粘性的液体,如凝胶、软膏等,其可以密封在贮库内,该贮库外层为非渗透性背膜,内层为与皮肤接触的渗透性膜,粘液性物质包含在中间,这层膜在贮库与皮肤之间起到扩散接触作用。在使用前要撕掉衬里膜,将贴片贴在皮肤表面。LRS贴片是透皮药物传递领域公知技术。LRS透皮贴片的非限定性例子可以参见美国专利US4,849,224和US4,983,395,其在本文全文引用作为参考。
本文中提到的“惰性载体”,指能与石杉碱混合制成经皮给药制剂的高分子载体或其它载体。惰性载体必须是可药用的,并且适合于皮肤给药,而不会引起明显的副作用。另外,惰性载体不能与活性物质反应而将药物分解掉,或者生成杂质渗透进皮肤。
本文中提到的“杂交物”、“杂交化合物”、或“杂交药物”是指一种新的化合物,它是由石杉碱与另外的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂合成得到。这类杂交物例子包括但不限于:石杉碱与他克林的杂交物、石杉碱与donepzil的杂交物以及石杉碱与加兰他敏(galantamine)的杂交物等等。
本文中提到“局部给药制剂”是指将含有石杉碱的制剂,其可以直接涂覆到皮肤上,它不包括支持结构如背膜,这类制剂的例子包括但不限于:凝胶、气溶胶、乳剂、乳液及软膏等。
浓度、剂量、溶解度及其它参数均是一个范围。应理解这范围仅仅是使用时方便、易于理解,并应有灵活的注释。对一个数值的注释不仅包括这个数值,而且也包括这个数值的上下范围及小数点后的范围。
例如,浓度范围0.1到30ng/ml应理解为不仅是0.1和30ng/ml这二个浓度,而且包括在这范围内的每一个浓度值,例如,0.5ng/ml,0.7ng/ml,1.0ng/ml,5.2ng/l,8.4ng/ml,11.6ng/ml,14.2ng/ml,及在此范围内的小浓度范围,如0.5-2.5ng/ml,4.8-7.2ng/ml,6-14.9ng/ml等等,此一注释适用于本发明内的各种情况。B.本发明
本发明包括为改善记忆和认知功能经皮给药石杉碱的制剂。一方面,给予足够量的石杉碱,其足以达到并维持大约0.1到30ng/ml的血药浓度。另一方面,血液浓度可以是在大约1到15ng/ml之间。
达到所需血药浓度的时间范围由一些参数决定,如石杉碱的剂型和用药面积、制剂中石杉碱的用量以及制剂的渗透速率。并且,渗透速率某种程度上受特定的渗透促进剂的影响。
其它诸如贴片的大小、石杉碱的含量、促进剂的剂量以及促进剂的类型等因素相协调,在所需时间内达到所希望的血药浓度。其它生理因素如个体的皮肤类型及皮肤渗透性的差异等都可能会影响石杉碱的血药浓度和达到该血药浓度的时间。
一方面,石杉碱透过人体皮肤的透过率是在大约0.01μg/cm2/hr至大约15ug/cm2/hr。另一方面,在最初给药制剂后大约0.5至大约10小时内可以达到治疗浓度。但是,这些通常的参数不是限制达到所需血药浓度的方式。通过使用能产生不同参数的制剂,不同的渗透性、时间、药物剂量可以用于影响期望血药浓度。
通过调整一些参数如经皮给药制剂的面积和类型,可以改变石杉碱的传递速率和持续时间。在本发明的一个方面,石杉碱经皮制剂的单剂量给药可以达到并维持石杉碱血药浓度在大约0.1到大约30ng/ml至少三天。在本发明的另一个方面,石杉碱经皮制剂的单剂量给药可以达到并维持石杉碱血药浓度在大约0.1到大约30ng/ml至少七天。在本发明的再一个方面,石杉碱血药浓度持续作用时间可以从24小时到168小时不等。
具体的石杉碱传递制剂的类型包括但不限于:1)局部给药,如油膏、洗液、凝胶、软膏、泡沫气雾剂、气溶胶和皮肤乳剂;2)经皮贴片,如粘附性骨架贴片、液体贮库系统;3)经粘膜吸收片剂,如口腔粘膜、舌下及口含片;4)栓剂。简言之,任何一种经皮传递方式均是可以接受的。
一方面,为加速石杉碱渗透过皮肤的速率,本发明的石杉碱传递制剂还可以包括渗透促进剂或渗透促进剂的混合物。已发现很多已知的渗透促进剂都可以提高石杉碱的传递速率,这些渗透促进剂包括但不限于脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、乳酸或羟基乙酸的脂肪酸酯及其盐、酰胺、胺、吡咯烷酮、甘油三酯、萜烯、常规的表面活性剂、有机酸、复合物、生物制品,以及上述物质的混合物。
作为渗透促进剂氮酮是一例外。氮酮尽管可以促进多种物质的渗透率,但会出现不能忍受的副作用。具体地,认为氮酮不能使用是因为其会导致严重的皮肤刺激性。氮酮不仅会刺激所有的表皮层,还会刺激所有的真皮层。而且,由氮酮引起的皮肤刺激是不可逆的,会导致组织改变或瘢痕形成。
可接受的脂肪酸的具体例子包括但不限于:油酸、链烷酸、癸酸、己酸、乳酸、月桂酸、亚油酸,以及上述脂肪酸的混合物。
可接受的脂肪酸酯的具体例子包括但不限于:月桂酸甲酯、甘油单油酸酯(GMO)、脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(SMO)、甘油单月桂酸酯(GML)、甘油单亚油酸酯(GMLO)、十四烷酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、单甘油酯、丙烯乙二醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯,以及上述脂肪酸酯的混合物。
可接受的脂肪醇的具体例子包括但不限于:月桂醇、辛醇、十四醇、十六醇、脂肪族醇、亚麻醇(linolenyl alcohol)、橙花叔醇、油醇,以及上述脂肪醇的混合物。
可接受的乳酸及羟基乙酸脂肪酸酯或其盐的具体例子包括但不限于:月桂酰羟基乙酸酯、月桂酰羟基乙酸钠、己酰羟基乙酸酯(capyoyl glycolate),己酰羟基乙酸钠(sodium caproyl glycolate)、椰油基羟基乙酸酯(cocylglycolate),椰油基羟基乙酸钠(sodium cocyl glycolate)、tromethamine月桂酰羟基乙酸酯、月桂酰乳酸酯(lactylate)、月桂酰乳酸钠、己酰乳酸酯、己酰乳酸钠、椰油基乳酸酯(cocoyl lactylate)、椰油基乳酸钠(sodium cocyllactylate)、异硬脂酰乳酸酯、tromethamine月桂酰乳酸酯,及其混合物。
可接受的酰胺的具体例子包括但不限于:月桂酰胺二乙醇酰胺、链烷醇酰胺类,乙氧基化链烷醇酰胺类,乙烯二酰胺、脲,及其混合物。
可接受的吡咯烷酮的具体例子包括但不限于:N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、N-烷基-吡咯烷酮、吡咯烷酮羧酸、吡咯烷酮羧酸酯,以及上述吡咯烷酮的混合物。
可接受的甘油三酯的具体例子包括但不限于:甘油三醋酸酯、甘油二醋酸酯、甘油一醋酸酯、甘油三丁酸酯、甘油三已酸酯、甘油三辛酸酯、trymyristin、甘油三棕榈酸酯、甘油三硬脂酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯,及其混合物。
可接受的萜烯的具体例子包括但不限于:联苯、methone、pipertone、1-8桉油精、松油醇、松油-4-醇(terpinen-4-o1)、长叶薄荷酮、香芹酮、n.香芹醇,及其混合物。
可接受的胺类的具体例子包括但不限于:月桂胺(十二烷胺)、不饱和的环脲、脲,及其混合物。
可接受的常规的表面活性剂的具体例子包括但不限于:Brij表面活性剂(如Brij30,Brij36T,Brij35,Brij52等),Pluronic表面活性剂(如PluronicF68和Pluronic L62),司盘(Span)表面活性剂(如Span 20和Span 85),吐温(Tween)表面活性剂(如Tween 20、Tween 40和Tween 80),泊洛沙姆表面活性剂,myrj表面活性剂、胆盐、月桂酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠,以及上述表面活性剂的混合物。
可接受的复合物的具体例子包括但不限于:环糊精复合物及衍生物、脂质体、以及上述复合物的混合物。
可接受的有机酸的具体例子包括但不限于:水杨酸、柠檬酸、水杨酸盐,以及上述有机酸的混合物。
可接受的生物制品的具体例子包括但不限于:L-α-氨基酸、卵磷脂、磷脂,以及上述生物制品的混合物。
除上述列举的促进剂外,许多天然物质也能作为渗透性促进剂使用。这些天然物质包括但不限于:槟榔碱、小檗胺、小檗碱、龙脑、辣椒素(capsaicin)、capsaicine、辣椒酸、桉油、桉油醇、阿魏酸、薄荷醇、oleummenthae、芍药醇、薄荷油、丹参酮,以及上述促进剂的混合物。
除了石杉碱,本发明的制剂中也加入了一些另外的胆碱酯酶抑制剂。在本发明的一个方面,石杉碱可与一种或多种的特定的胆碱酯酶抑制剂通过合成形成石杉碱杂交化合物,这类杂交化合物可以更好的改善认知及记忆障碍,并有协同作用,而且,胆碱酯酶类药物的副作用也可以减小。
这类胆碱酯酶抑制剂可与石杉碱形成杂交物,或者直接加入到经皮给药制剂中,其具体例子包括但不限于:Acricept(Donepezil),加兰他敏、Metrifonate、丙戊茶碱、Rivastigmine(Exelon)、他克林、Xanomeline、Astaxanthin、Celecoxib、美金刚、司立吉林,以及上述胆碱酯酶抑制剂的混合物。在本发明的一个方面,该杂交物可以是石杉碱-他克林的杂交物。
本发明的石杉碱制剂可以含有任何一种上述特定的石杉碱,也可以包含两种或多种石杉碱的组合。制剂中可以含有健康促进剂或治疗药物,其可在石杉碱加入该经皮给药制剂之前、之中或之后加入。这类健康促进剂包括但不限于:维生素、氨基酸、矿物质、中草药及植物性药材提取物、抗氧化剂、及其它对身体必需的物质,以及上述药物的混合物。
可接受的维生素的具体例子包括水溶性和脂溶性的两种,水溶性维生素包括但不限于:维生素B1、B2、B3、B4、B5、B6、B12、B15、B17、生物素、胆碱、叶酸、肌醇、对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)、维生素C、维生素P、及上述维生素的混合物。此外,脂溶性维生素有维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K及其混合物。
可接受的氨基酸的具体例子包括但不限于:丙氨酸、精氨酸、肉碱、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、氨基乙磺酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸,以及上述氨基酸的混合物。
可接受的矿物质的具体例子包括但不限于:钙、钾、铁、铬、磷、镁、锌、铜以及上述矿物质的混合物,以及任何对人体必需的其它矿物质。
可接受的草药及植物性药材提取物的具体例子包括但不限于:绿茶、黄皮(ausena lansium)、番红花、丹参、当归、杜仲、月见草、天麻、德国黄春菊、人参、银杏、蛇麻草、箭叶淫羊霍、Kava(卡法根产的一种灌木)、柠檬油、黄连(coptis sinesis),晨星草(钩藤)、西番莲、毒扁豆碱、叶底珠、黄芩、西伯利亚软木树(黄檗)、美黄苓、圣约翰草、美缬草,以及上述草药及植物性药材提取物的混合物。
可接受的抗氧化剂的具体例子包括但不限于:多酚如儿茶素、β-胡萝卜素,辅酶Q10,葡萄籽(grapnol),以及上述抗氧化剂的混合物。
在本发明的另一个方面,该石杉碱经皮给药制剂可以包含一种或多种与改善记忆与认知功能相关的治疗这类疾病其它症状的药物。一方面,该治疗药物可以是精神抑制药。另一方面,该治疗药物可以是抗焦虑药。另一方面,该治疗药物可以是抗抑郁药。另一方面,该治疗药物可以是激素。
可适用的精神抑制药的具体例子包括但不限于:氟哌啶醇、奥兰氮平(olanzapine)、quietiapine、利哌酮,以及上述药物的混合物。
可适用的抗焦虑药物的具体例子包括但不限于:阿普唑仑、丁螺环酮、安定、劳拉西泮以及上述药物的混合物。
可适用的抗抑郁药物的具体例子包括但不限于:阿米替林、丁氨苯丙酮、去甲丙米嗪、氟西汀、三氟戊肟胺、萘发扎酮、去甲阿米替林、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、氯哌三唑酮,以及上述药物的混合物。
可适用的激素类药物的具体例子包括但不限于:雄激素、雌激素、去氢表雄酮(DHEA)、褪黑激素、seratonin、磷脂酰丝氨酸,以及上述激素的混合物。
本发明中的石杉碱、健康促进剂及其它治疗药物可以是人工合成的或取自植物和自然界,然后加以提取和浓缩而成。简要地,它可以是人工合成的、天然的或半合成的。
一方面,本发明经皮给药制剂可以是局部给药制剂。如上所述,局部给药制剂可以由多种剂型如凝胶、油膏、软膏、水溶剂、乳剂、乳液以及其他疏水性或亲水性溶媒。本领域普通技术人员可以理解的局部给药制剂并不仅限于上述制剂,尚包括其他类型的局部给药制剂。
可适用的疏水性或亲水性载体的具体例子包括但不限于:碳氢化合物,(如液体石蜡、矿物油、石蜡油、白石蜡、角鲨烷),硅酮类(如液体聚甲基硅氧烷、二甲硅油),醇类(如乙醇、异丙醇、月桂醇),多元醇及聚乙二醇类(如丙二醇、甘油、甘油三醋酸酯、聚乙二醇),固醇类(如羊毛脂、胆固醇),羧酸类(如月桂酸、油酸),酯及聚酯类(如乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单酯、甘油三酯、橄榄油、大豆油、十四酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯)。
可适用的乳化剂的具体例子包括但不限于:固醇及固醇酯类(如胆固醇),羧酸盐(如乙醇胺钠、乳酸及油酸的钠盐等),酯及聚脂类(如乙二醇单酯、丙二醇单酯、甘油单酯、脱水山梨糖醇单酯、山梨糖醇单酯、聚氧化乙烯酯、脱水山梨糖醇二酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇聚酯-吐温),醚及聚醚类(如聚乙二醇单十六烷基醚、聚乙烯聚丙烯二醇类-普罗朗尼克),其他(如十二烷基硫酸钠,硼砂,乙醇胺)。
可适用的增稠剂的具体例子包括但不限于:丙烯酸酯共聚物、藻酸钠、二十二醇(behenyl alcohol)、18-36酸三甘油酯、羧甲基纤维素钙、PVP/MA共聚物、卡波姆(910,934,934p,940,941,1342)、羧甲基纤维素钠、纤维素、十六醇、瓜尔胶、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、PEG类、泊洛沙姆(304,504,701,904,1102,1304,1502等)、聚卡波非(polycarbophil)、聚乙烯、丙二醇藻酸盐、PVP、PVP/VA共聚物、二氧化硅、聚硅酮、蜂蜡。
本发明经皮给制剂可采用封闭式体系如透皮贴片提供石杉碱制剂。这类透皮贴片可以是粘附性骨架贴片,或者是液体贮库式贴片,或者是口腔粘膜片,口含片及其它类似制剂。
对于粘附性骨架贴片,是将能够产生理想的治疗剂量血药浓度的石杉碱溶解或混悬在高分子载体里。同时也可以加入一种或多种所选择的渗透促进剂,或者同时加入上述的促进健康的药物。可以调整粘附性骨架贴片的面积以释放不同量的药物,贴片的面积在1-200cm2之间变化。
凡经皮给药领域的普通技术人员知晓的可适用于经皮贴片的粘合剂。在本发明的一个方面,可接受的粘合剂可以包括聚丙烯酸酯聚合物,基于橡胶的粘合剂,聚硅氧烷粘合物。
在本发明的一个方面,聚丙烯酸酯聚合物可以是单聚物,多聚物,三聚物,以及各种丙烯酸类似物。在本发明的另一个方面,聚丙烯酸酯聚合物一种或多种丙烯酸单体与其它可共聚单体的组合。
丙烯酸酯聚合物还可以包括烷基丙烯酸酯,和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,和/或可聚合的次级单体或有功能团的单体。适于本发明的丙烯酸酯单体的具体例子包括但不限于:甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、甲基丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸十三烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十三烷酯,及其混合物。
可与上述烷基丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯共聚的功能单体的具体例子包括但不限于:丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、羟乙基丙烯酸酯、羟丙基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸甲氧乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧乙基酯,以及上述化合物的混合物。
适用于本发明的现丙烯酸类粘合剂可参见由Satas主编的书“TheHandbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Technology”,2nded,P396-456(1989),其在本文引用作为参考。
市场中现有的可使用的丙烯酸酯类粘合剂可包括由National Starch andChemical Corporation(Bridgewater,NJ,USA)提供的商品名为“Durotak”的聚丙烯酸酯类粘合剂及由Monsanto(St.Louis,MO.USA)公司提供的商品名为“Gelva-multipolymer solution”的聚丙烯酸酯类粘合剂。其它可适用于本发明的粘合剂可参见美国专利US5,656,286,公开的那些,其在本文引用作为参考。
一方面,应用二种或多种丙烯酸聚合物的混合物可以达到持续释放石杉碱的效果。使用不同的丙烯酸的组合可以提高石杉碱的持缓作用时间,这样一些组合的例子可参见美国专利US6,024,976,其在本文引用作为参考。本领域普通技术人员可以很容易地理解这些丙烯酸组合的其它例子。
可适用的基于橡胶的压力敏感性粘合剂的具体例子包括但不限于:烃聚合物,如天然的或人工合成的聚异戊二烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯(PIB)、苯乙烯/丁二烯聚合物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、烃聚合物如丁橡胶、含卤素的聚合物如聚丙烯腈、聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氯二烯、聚硅氧烷,以及其他的共聚物。
可适用的聚硅氧烷的具体例子包括但不限于:硅氧烷压力敏感性粘合剂,其基于两种主要的成分,聚合体或树胶和经增粘的树脂。聚硅氧烷粘合剂可通过交联树胶而制备,尤其是高分子量的聚二有机硅氧化物在适当的有机溶剂中同树脂发生缩合反应生成三维结构的硅酸盐。关于各种聚硅氧烷粘合剂的介绍可参见Sobieski主编的Silicone Pressure Sensitive Adhesives一书P508-517。
市场上现有的可使用的硅氧烷压力敏感性粘合剂包括由Dow CorningCorporation Medland,MI,USA)提供的商品名为BIO-PSA的粘合剂。
骨架贴片包括外层的支持背膜及内层的释放衬里,中间是高分子层。支持背膜在骨架贴片的外层(即在皮肤的上面),释放衬里膜是粘在贴片的内侧。使用前要将衬里撕掉。支持背膜的作用是保护高分子层的药物及任选的促进剂,使其不能渗透到外界环境中。支持背膜材料的选择要与高分子层、药物及促进剂相容,使外界中任何成分都几乎不能渗透进支持背膜。
另外,支持背膜应当是不透明的,可保护骨架贴片内的成分不至于被外界的紫外线所分解。支持背膜也应当能够结合并且支持高分子层,同时,它也应当是有柔性的,能够适应人体的自由活动。
适合做支持背膜的物质包括但不限于:金属箔类、金属化聚箔、复合箔,含有聚酯薄膜,如聚对苯二甲酸酯,聚酯、或铝化聚酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚醚嵌段酰胺共聚物、聚乙烯甲基丙烯甲酯嵌段共聚物、聚氨酯、聚氯偏乙烯、尼龙、硅氧烷弹性体、基于橡胶的聚异丁烯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚乙烯,和聚丙烯。厚度通常优选大约0.0005-0.01英寸。可以用与支持薄膜相同的材料作释放衬里膜,或其它适合的膜经喷涂适当的释放材料在其表面。
骨架贴片除了高分子层、药物、渗透促进剂作为粘合性骨架贴片基本成分外,还含有其它多种添加剂。这些添加剂是经皮给药领域公知可药用的成分。但是,这些添加剂不能改变骨架贴剂的基本的或新的性质。例如,使用的稀释剂可以包括矿物油、低分子量聚合物、增塑剂等。很多经皮传递物质在长期使用后皮肤易受到刺激,无疑能减轻这种刺激的物质是可以考虑使用的。
液体贮库式(LRS)贴片包括一支持背膜,混合或溶解有石杉碱的载体就包含在贮库内。这样的载体与前文叙述的局部用药的载体是相同的。为了控制石杉碱扩散到皮肤的速度,使用一种微孔膜经密封放置在药物储存部分的开口上。此外粘附层通常涂覆到贮库周围的背膜层,以将LRS贴片粘合到皮肤上。释放衬里有保护帖片粘性的作用,在使用前要除去释放衬里,将贴片粘贴在一定的身体部位上。当贮库内的药物释放完后将其撕去。C.实验部分
为清楚地说明本发明的可能组合,提供了下列含有不同石杉碱组合的粘合性骨架贴片的实施例,但绝不是为了限制本发明。
应用修改的Franz非包被扩散槽(Franz non-jacketed permeation cells)进行体外人体皮肤流量试验。通过把扩散槽放置在搅拌的循环水浴里,使皮肤表面的温度维持在32℃。用于实验的皮肤表皮层是通过Kligman和Christopher(Arch.Dermatol.88:702(1963))的热分离方法从人体皮肤中分离而来,其涉及将全厚度的皮肤暴露于60℃下60秒,其后从真皮上轻轻剥下角质层和表皮层。
在进行骨架贴片皮肤流量试验时,将受热分离的表皮层切成矩形条块状。骨架贴片切成0.71cm2圆盘状。撕去释放衬里,将其贴在表皮的角质层上,皮肤与贴片重叠在一起装置到扩散槽上。然后将皮肤贴片置于扩散槽的供体槽(donor)和收集槽(receiver compartment)之间,使表皮层面面对收集槽。收集槽内充满0.02%叠氮化钠水溶液。药物在此溶液中的溶解度要足够大,以确保实验中药物可渗透皮肤进入收集槽。然后,将扩散槽置于循环水浴中,使皮肤表面的温度维持于32±1℃。在预定的取样时间,收集所有收集槽内的液体以测定药物含量,再灌满新鲜的接受溶液,注意要除去皮肤表面与溶液之间的气泡。
在凝胶皮肤流量试验中,将切下的表皮层放在扩散槽的中间,使角质层朝向供体槽,使皮肤放置在32℃水浴中过夜,收集槽内充满0.02%的叠氮化钠水溶液。第二天早上,将75μl的凝胶放置于皮肤表面上的样品池中,样品池是由聚四氟乙烯垫片放在角质层表面做成,夹住聚四氟乙烯垫片和凝胶上的衬里而成闭塞槽。收集区放入上收集溶液并于皮肤面相接触,确保药物渗透皮肤进入收集槽。在预定取样时间,收集所有收集槽内的液体以测定药物含量,再灌满新鲜的接受溶液,注意要除去皮肤表面溶液之间的气泡。
每单位面积不同时间渗透累积的药物的量(Qt,ug/cm2)按以下公式推导出: Cn指相应时间内收集槽中药物的浓度(μg/ml);V指收集槽中液体的量(大约6.3cm3);A指槽的扩散面积(0.64cm2)。用Qt-t作图,直线的斜率指稳态流量(Jss,μg/cm2/hr),时间轴的截距表示迟滞时间(tL,h)。
实施例1-3。提供了按照本发明含有石杉碱的经皮骨架贴片的多个实施方案的渗透率
实施例1
制剂 | 组成(%,w/w) | 渗透率(t=24h)(μg/cm2/t)* |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲(Huperzine A) | 95/510 | 62.06±19.66 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/甘油三醋酸酯 | 85/5/10 | 92.55±37.08 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/SMO | 85/5/10 | 73.58±19.17 |
粘合剂:压敏性丙烯酸共聚物
SMO:脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯
*(mean±SD),n=3个皮肤供体,12个扩散槽实施例2
制剂 | 组成(%,w/w) | 渗透率(t=24h)(μg/cm2/t)* |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲 | 97.5/2.5/0 | 77.06±26.33 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/L-DEA | 87.5/2.5/10 | 150.84±35.3 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/GMO/LA | 87.5/2.5/10 | 141.47±33.04 |
粘合剂:压敏性丙烯酸共聚物
L-DEA:月桂酰胺二乙醇胺(Lauromide DEA),GMO:甘油单油酸酯
*(mean±SD),n=3皮肤,12个扩散槽
实施例3
制剂 | 组成(%,w/w) | 渗透率(t=24h)(μg/cm2/t)* |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲 | 97.5/2.5/0 | 67.81±25.28 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/油酸 | 87.5/2.5/10 | 90.86±17.42 |
粘合剂/石杉碱甲/桉树脑 | 87.5/2.5/10 | 91.42±29.33 |
粘合剂:压敏性丙烯酸共聚物
*(mean±SD),n=3皮肤供体,12个扩散槽
上述结果显示,与骨架贴剂中只含石杉碱甲但没有促进剂的结果相比,应用一种或多种渗透促进剂可显著地增加石杉碱甲的皮肤透过率。应用许多不同的丙烯酸类聚合物可以得到相似的结果。
实施例4
其它含有石杉碱类的经皮骨架系统如下所示。
制剂四(1) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(2) | 组成(%,w/w) |
聚异丁烯类(PIB)粘合剂类 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(3) | 组成(%,w/w) |
硅氧烷类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(4) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂1 | 1-99.5 |
丙烯酸类粘合剂2 | 1-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(5) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
聚异丁烯类(PIB)粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(6) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
硅氧烷类粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(7) | 组成(%,w/w) |
硅氧烷类粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
聚异丁烯类(PIB)粘合剂 | 1-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
制剂四(8) | 组成(%,w/w) |
Eudragit类粘合剂* | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱甲 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
增塑剂/增粘剂 | 0.01-20 |
*单一的Eudragit和不同级别的Eudragit的混合物。Eudragit可选自:NE30D,L100,L12/5,S100,S12/5,L30D-55,E100,E12/5,RL100,RL12/5,R100,RLPO,PLPM,RL30D,RS100,RS12/5,RSPM,RSPO,RS30D等。
实施例5
按照上述方法,对含有10mg/ml石杉碱甲,3%羟丙基甲基纤维素,及渗透促进剂的凝剂也进行了透皮试验。
制剂 | 组成(%,w/w) | 渗透率(t=24h)(μg/cm2/t)* |
乙醇/水 | 65/35 | 329.82±230.46 |
乙醇/水/GMO/LA | 65/30/2.5/2.5 | 1022.04±226.38 |
乙醇/水/L-DEA | 65/30/5 | 839.90±352.62 |
GMO:甘油单油酸酯
LA:月桂醇
L-DEA:月桂酰胺二乙醇胺(Lauromide DEA)
*(mean±SD),n=3皮肤供体,12个扩散槽
试验结果显示渗透促进剂可以增加石杉碱甲从凝胶制剂中透过皮肤的速率。该凝胶制剂可适用于局部给药或贮库贴片。
实施例6
根据本发明,一种混合透皮体系也可用于石杉碱的传送。这样的混合体系含有多层骨架,或者是在粘合剂层上有其它类型的贮库层。生物活性物质可以同时存在于贮库层及粘合剂层中,可以作为贮库层的物质很多,包括但不限于,高分子(包括粘合剂),溶液,凝胶,乳化凝胶,乳液及软膏。其它多种形式的混合透皮体系,以及本领域普通技术人员所知晓的粘合剂层和贮库的其它特定物质也属本发明范围内。按照本发明的这些混合透皮体系的例子如下所示。
实施例7
制剂六(1) | 组成(%,w/w) |
骨架部分 | |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0-20 |
促进剂类 | 0-20 |
贮库部分 | |
乙醇 | 0.1-99.5% |
丙二醇 | 0-50% |
甘油 | 0-50% |
水 | 0.1-99.5% |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20% |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
凝胶剂类 | 0-6% |
制剂六(2) | 组成(%,w/w) |
骨架部分 | |
聚异丁烯类(PIB)粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
贮库部分 | |
乙醇 | 0.1-99.5% |
丙二醇 | 0-50% |
甘油 | 0-50% |
水 | 0.1-99.5% |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20% |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
凝胶剂类 | 0-6% |
制剂六(3) | 组成(%,w/w) |
骨架部分 | |
硅氧烷类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
贮库部分 | |
乙醇 | 0.1-99.5% |
丙二醇 | 0-50% |
甘油 | 0-50% |
水 | 0.1-99.5% |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20% |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
凝胶剂类 | 0-6% |
石杉碱类可以与其它对健康有益的物质同时使用。下列是含有这些对健康有益物质的石杉碱透皮贴片的几个例子:
制剂七(1) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
维生素E* | 0.01-20 |
*一种或多种维生素可选自水溶性维生素(如:维生素B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B12,B13,B15,B17,生物素,胆碱,叶酸,肌醇,对氨基苯甲酸(PABA),维生素C和维生素P),或脂溶性维生素(如维生素A、D、E和K)。
制剂七(2) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
氨基酸类* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的氨基酸包括但不限于丙氨酸、精氨酸、肉碱、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、氨基乙磺酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸。
制剂七(3) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
矿物质类* | 0.01-20 |
*一种或一种以上对人体有用的矿物质均可选用。
制剂七(4) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
草药/植物提取物* | 0.01-30 |
*可使用的对改善记忆功能及抗衰老有益的草药/植物提取物或分离成分包括但不限于:绿茶、黄皮(Clausena lansium)、番红花、丹参、当归、杜仲、月见草、天麻、德国黄春菊、人参、银杏、蛇麻草、箭叶淫羊霍、Kava(卡法根产的一种灌木)、柠檬油、黄连(coptis sinesis),晨星草(钩藤)、西番莲、毒扁豆碱、叶底珠、黄芩、西伯利亚软木树(黄檗)、美黄苓、圣约翰草、美缬草等。
制剂七(5) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
抗氧化剂E* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的抗氧化剂包括但不限于:β-胡萝卜素,辅酶Q10,及葡萄籽(grapnol)等。
制剂七(6) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
褪黑激素 | 0.01-20 |
制剂七(7) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
磷脂酰丝氨酸 | 0.01-20 |
制剂七(8) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
DHEA(去氢表雄酮) | 0.01-20 |
制剂七(9) | 组成(%,w/w)) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂包括,但不限于此,Astaxanthin,Celecoxib,Dohepezil,加兰他敏,美金刚,Metrifonate,丙戊茶碱,Rivastigmine,他克林,司立吉林,及Xanomoline等。
制剂七(10) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
抗焦虑药* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的抗焦虑药包括但不限于:阿普唑仑,丁螺环酮,安定,芬拉西泮等。
制剂七(11) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
抗抑郁药* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的抗抑郁药包括但不限于:阿米替林、丁氨苯丙酮、去甲丙米嗪、氟西汀、三氟戊肟胺、萘法唑酮、去甲阿米替林、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、氯哌三唑酮等。
制剂七(12) | 组成(%,w/w) |
丙烯酸类粘合剂 | 50-99.5 |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20 |
促进剂类 | 0.01-20 |
精神抑制药* | 0.01-20 |
*可使用的精神抑制药包括但不于:氟哌啶醇、奥兰氮平(olanzapine)、quietiapine、利哌酮。
实施例8
下列实施例列举了按照本发明的石杉碱局部给药制剂,例如凝胶,软膏,乳液,油膏,泡沫气雾剂,及气溶胶等,这些制剂可直接用于皮肤,也可制成贮库贴片。
1.凝胶
2.水包油乳剂
3.油包水乳剂
4.乳剂
制剂八(1) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
乙醇 | 0-70% |
丙二醇 | 0-50% |
水 | 0-95% |
甘油 | 0-50% |
促进剂类 | 0-20% |
凝胶剂/增稠剂 | 0.1-6% |
制剂八(2) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
十八烷醇 | 0.1-30% |
蜂蜡 | 0.1-20% |
脱水山梨醇单油酸酯 | 0.1-10% |
聚山梨醇酯80(Polysorbate 80) | 0.1-10% |
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 | 0.01-2% |
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 | 0.01-2% |
水 | 40-95% |
制剂八(3) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
十八烷醇 | 1-30% |
白蜡 | 1-30% |
杏仁油 | 10-80% |
硼酸钠 | 0.1-5% |
水 | 1-50% |
制剂八(4) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
硬脂酸 | 0.1-30% |
十八烷醇 | 0.1-10% |
甘油 | 1-30% |
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 | 0.01-2% |
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 | 0.01-2% |
氢氧化钾 | 0.01-3% |
水 | 40-95% |
5.乳液
制剂八(5) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
白凡士林 | 0.1-10% |
矿物油 | 0.1-10% |
丙二醇硬脂酸酯 | 0.1-10% |
十八烷醇 | 0.1-10% |
苯甲醇 | 0.01-5% |
丙二醇 | 0.1-20% |
乙醇 | 0.1-50% |
水 | 40-95% |
6.油膏
制剂八(6) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
白凡士林 | 50-95% |
白蜡 | 0.1-10% |
十八烷醇 | 0.1-10% |
胆固醇 | 0.1-10% |
7.水洗性油膏
制剂八(7) | 组成(%,w/w) |
石杉碱类 | 0.01-20% |
白凡士林 | 1-50% |
十八烷醇 | 1-50% |
丙二醇 | 1-30% |
十二烷基硫酸钠 | 0.01-5% |
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 | 0.01-2% |
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 | 0.01-2% |
水 | 1-40% |
当然,可以理解的是:上述内容仅是举例说明本发明的应用原则。本领域的普通技术人员可做出很多改变和修饰,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围,后面的权利要求即包括了这些改变和修饰。因此,尽管本发明参照本发明之优选实施方案进行描述,但本领域的普通技术人员可以显而易见地做出很多改变,包括但不限于面积大小、材料、形状、操作方式及方法、使用等,但都不偏离本发明的原则和范围。
Claims (30)
1.一种能改善记忆和认知功能的经皮给药制剂,其含有:
1)足以使石杉碱的血药浓度达到大约0.1到大约30ng/ml的量的石杉碱;
2)惰性载体;
3)选自下列的渗透促进剂:脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、乳酸脂肪酸酯、羟基乙酸脂肪酸酯、酰胺、胺、吡咯烷酮、甘油三酯、萜烯、表面活性剂、复合物、生物制品,及其盐,以及上述物质的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中要达到的血药浓度为大约1到大约15ng/ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中血药浓度在所述制剂给药后的大约0.5到10小时内达到大约0.1到大约30ng/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中单剂量足以维持石杉碱的血药浓度在大约0.1到30ng/ml至少三天。
5.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中单剂量足以维持石杉碱的血药浓度在大约0.1到30ng/ml至少七天。
6.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱选自石杉碱甲,石杉碱乙,石杉碱X,及其盐,类似物,衍生物,前体药物,以及它们的混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱是石杉碱甲。
8.根据权利要求6所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱是石杉碱乙。
9.根据权利要求6所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱是石杉碱X。
10.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述制剂是局部用药制剂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述制剂是粘附性骨架贴片。
12.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述制剂是液体贮库贴片。
13.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱进一步包括石杉碱杂交化合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述石杉碱杂交化合物是石杉碱-他克林的杂交物。
15.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其进一步包括激素。
16.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述激素选自雌激素、雄激素、褪黑激素、seratonin,及其混合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述激素是雌激素。
18.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其进一步包括选自下组的治疗性药物:精神抑制药、抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药,以及上述药物的混合物。
19.根据权利要求18所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述治疗药物是精神抑制药。
20.根据权利要求18所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述治疗药物是抗焦虑药。
21.根据权利要求18所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述治疗药物是抗抑郁药。
22.根据权利要求1所述的经皮给药制剂,其进一步包括选自下组的促进健康药物:维生素、氨基酸、矿物质、中草药及植物提取物、抗氧化剂,以及上述物质的混合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是维生素。
24.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是矿物质。
25.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是氨基酸。
26.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是中草药提取物
27.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是植物提取物。
28.根据权利要求22所述的经皮给药制剂,其中所述促进健康的药物是抗氧化剂。
29.一种能改善记忆和认知功能经皮给药制剂,其主要包括与惰性载体混合的、足以使石杉碱的血药浓度达到大约0.1到30ng/ml的量的石杉碱。
30.一种能改善记忆和认知功能的方法,其包括经皮给药根据权利要求1至29中任何一个所述的组合物。
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2000
- 2000-11-03 EP EP00978388A patent/EP1231877A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-03 WO PCT/US2000/030508 patent/WO2001032115A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-11-03 AU AU15856/01A patent/AU1585601A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-03 CN CNB008151830A patent/CN1240384C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-03 CA CA002389865A patent/CA2389865A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1240384C (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
US20040202705A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
AU1585601A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
EP1231877A4 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
CA2389865A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
EP1231877A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
WO2001032115A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
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