CN1381429A - Nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation and its preparing process - Google Patents

Abstract

A fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation and a preparation method thereof. The nutrient solution consists of 67-80% water, 6-15% ash, 2-8% active fulvic acid, and 10-10% nutrient element content. 15%. The preparation method is to take 20-80g of active fulvic acid according to the composition of the nutrient solution, heat it to 40-80°C, and add precursors of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron to the active fulvic acid. The product and water are reacted at 40-80°C for 0.5-2 hours, and after cooling, the product of the present invention is obtained. The invention has the functions of promoting plant root development, metabolism and effective absorption of nutrient elements, enhancing plant drought resistance, cold resistance, and disease resistance, and can reduce vegetable nitrite poisoning. It is a pollution-free, high-quality, Ideal nutrient solution for high-grade, green vegetables.

Description

Fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation and preparation method thereof

Technical field:

The invention belongs to a nutrient solution for soilless cultivation, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a fulvic acid organic nutrient solution.

Background technique:

Soilless cultivation technology is one of the main directions of research and development of protected agriculture in the world in the past century, and it is the most advanced cultivation technology and the most capital-intensive production method. Because nutrient solution irrigation is used instead of natural soil, it is also called nutrient solution cultivation. It uses various artificial weather to control the growth environment conditions of plants, resulting in a high production turnover rate, clean products, and pollution-free products. It also provides a feasible way for human food production technology. With the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the voice of green food and pollution-free vegetables is getting higher and higher. Soilless cultivation is an ideal method to produce pollution-free, high-quality, high-grade vegetables, and it is also an effective way to solve soil continuous cropping diseases, improve the working environment, and increase vegetable production. Therefore, soilless cultivation technology has also become an agricultural technology competing for development in countries all over the world. Since the 1950s, countries including Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Israel, the Netherlands, Japan and other countries have carried out extensive research and practical application. Since the 1960s, soilless cultivation has developed vigorously. Deep liquid flow technology, nutrient film technology and rock wool cultivation have been applied in production, and crops have also expanded from vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers to flowers and other types. In addition, new technologies including automatic control of nutrient solutions and environmental technologies are increasingly being used in soilless cultivation. At present, soilless cultivation has developed into an independent discipline, that is, a high-tech of facility agriculture - soilless cultivation. Now, soilless cultivation has been widely used in production in the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, Denmark, Britain, Israel and other countries. For example, the soilless cultivation area in the Netherlands has grown to more than 3,000 hectares, and most of its famous flowers are cultivated by soilless cultivation.

Soilless cultivation in the 21st century will undoubtedly play an important role in ensuring human food security and improving the quality of life, and will also develop towards a high degree of facility, modernization, and plant factoryization. important role.

The core of soilless cultivation technology is the nutrient solution. The various elements and their dosages used to prepare the nutrient solution are generally determined according to the growth habits of various plants, different growth periods, and environmental conditions in various places. The commonly used nutrient solution formulas in the world include Versailles nutrient solution, Bengal nutrient solution and Hampshire nutrient solution. Among them, the formula of Versailles nutrient solution is as follows: KNO ₃ 0.568 (g/L water, the same below)+Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ 0.710+NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ 0.142+MgSO ₄ 0.282+FeCl ₂ 0.112+KI0.00284+H ₃ BO ₃ 0.00056 + ZnSO ₄ 0.00056 + MnSO ₄ 0.00056.

At present, the patented technologies related to fertilizers for soilless cultivation are mostly found in matrix fertilizers for soilless cultivation, while the nutrient solution basically follows the classic formula, mainly based on inorganic fertilizers. Some patents (CN93114050.1) are also arranged to mix growth hormones such as naacetic acid and gibberellin in inorganic fertilizers to make nutrient solution. However, the composition of the currently used nutrient solution formula will change after being used for a period of time, which will cause damage to plants and cause vegetable nitrite poisoning, and it needs to be treated. One of the commonly used methods is to discharge the changed nutrient solution, but it is wasteful and pollutes the environment; the other is to recycle the nutrient solution after discharge, but the investment is large, the technical requirements are high, and instruments and professionals must be relied on. Therefore, the large-scale popularization of soilless cultivation technology in my country is limited.

Invention content:

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic nutrient solution that is full of nutrition and can be used repeatedly without detection and adjustment.

Organic fulvic acid nutrient solution of the present invention, the percentage by weight of its composition is:

Moisture 67-80% Ash 6-15%

  Active fulvic acid 2-8%   Nutrient element content 10-15%.

The active fulvic acid mentioned above is the fulvic acid intermediate produced in Chinese patent ZL961088.6.

The nutritional elements mentioned above are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron.

Its weight ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: iron: manganese: copper: zinc: molybdenum: boron = 1.5-7: 1.5-7: 0.5-1.5: 0.02-0.04: 0.003-0.006: 0.02-0.04: 0.002-0.004: 0.01-0.03.

The preparation method of organic fulvic acid nutrient solution of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1) Take 20-80g of active fulvic acid according to the composition of the above-mentioned nutrient solution, and heat it to 40-80°C;

(2) According to the composition of the above nutrient solution, add precursors of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron and water to the active fulvic acid, and react for 0.5-2 hours at 40-80°C Hour;

(3) After cooling, the product of the present invention is obtained.

The specific preparation method of active fulvic acid as mentioned above can be found in Chinese patent ZL961088.6.

Precursors to nitrogen as described above are urea, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulphate.

The precursors of phosphorus as mentioned above are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid.

The precursor of potassium as mentioned above is potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

The iron precursors mentioned above are ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxalate or disodium iron edetate.

The precursor of manganese as mentioned above is manganese sulfate.

The precursor of copper as described above is copper sulfate.

The precursor of zinc as described above is zinc sulfate.

The precursor of molybdenum as described above is ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate.

The precursor of boron as described above is borax or boric acid.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

(1) The fulvic acid nutrient solution developed by the present invention is a neutral, high-concentration, multi-element, non-flocculating organic-inorganic complex fulvic acid fertilizer.

(2) The product of the present invention contains natural plant growth stimulant-fulvic acid, low-molecular organic acids and other physiologically active substances, which have quite strong oxidation-reduction properties, complexation and solubilization of metal ions, and are beneficial to plants. and the activation of various biological enzymes. This natural hormone is safe and non-toxic, and meets the growth requirements of green vegetables.

(3) The product of the present invention can comprehensively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promote the development of plant roots, increase the photosynthetic intensity of the leaves, provide or supplement the nutritional elements required for plant growth, and achieve the goals of promoting growth, early maturity, high yield and increasing income.

(4) The technical production process of the present invention is simple, the product quality is stable, and it is convenient to use. It only needs to continuously replenish the nutrient solution according to the humidity of the cultivated body, which greatly reduces the cost of use, thereby making a breakthrough in the practical technology of soilless cultivation.

(5) The product of the present invention has a better effect of increasing production and income. Tests show that using this product, the yields of tomato, cucumber, lettuce, and strawberry are all increased by more than 10%, which is higher than that of soil planting. In addition, the investment per mu is far lower than that of soil planting. According to estimates, water saving per mu is more than 50%, fertilizer utilization rate reaches 90%, and the use of pesticides is greatly reduced. The average input per mu is 570 yuan less than that of soil planting.

(6) Due to the addition of organic fulvic acid, the technology of the present invention reduces the pollution of nitrates to vegetables and improves crop quality.

(7) The technical product of the present invention can be used not only for green vegetables, but also for the soilless cultivation of conventional flowers and off-season flowers.

Detailed ways:

Example 1

According to the production method of the fulvic acid intermediate in the Chinese patent ZL961088.6, in the reactor, 200g of lignite powder (containing 68.52% of humic acid and 2.51% of fulvic acid), 24g of caustic soda, _NaHSO3 12g, and water are added 1000g, heated to 95°C, and reacted for 3 hours under stirring. After the reactant settled for 24 hours, the supernatant was precipitated, which was the fulvic acid intermediate.

Take 50g of the above-mentioned fulvic acid intermediate, heat it to 50°C, add urea 11g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6g, ferrous sulfate 5g, borax 0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.1g, copper sulfate 0.02g, zinc sulfate 0.13g, molybdic acid Ammonium 0.006g, mix well, then add 50g water, react for 0.5 hour, cool, make organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless culture. Its active ingredients (weight percent) are moisture 75.1, ash content 8.61, active fulvic acid 5.2, nutrient element content 11.09 (among them: nitrogen 5.0, phosphorus 3.0, potassium 2.0, iron 1.0, manganese 0.03, copper 0.005, zinc 0.03, molybdenum 0.003 , boron 0.025).

Example 2

Take 40g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat to 40°C, add 25.0g of ammonium sulfate, 8.2g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 7g of potassium sulfate, 1.6g of ferrous oxalate, 0.09g of boric acid, 0.062g of manganese sulfate, 0.01g of copper sulfate, 0.09g of zinc sulfate, and 0.004g of ammonium molybdate were mixed evenly, then 60g of water was added, reacted for 2 hours, and cooled to prepare an organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its active ingredients (weight percent) are moisture 67.6, ash content 14.64, active fulvic acid 4.2, nutrient element content 13.56 (among them: nitrogen 6.0, phosphorus 4.2, potassium 2.8, iron 0.5, manganese 0.02, copper 0.003, zinc 0.02, molybdenum 0.002 , boron 0.01).

Example 3

Take 20 g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat it to 80° C., add 11.38 g of ammonium bicarbonate, 8.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.5 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.18 g of borax, 0.06 g of manganese sulfate, and 0.016 g of copper sulfate g, zinc sulfate 0.09g, ammonium molybdate 0.004g, mix evenly, then add 80g water, react for 1 hour, cool, and make organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its effective ingredients (weight percent) are moisture 79.5, ash 7.93, active fulvic acid 2.3, nutrient element content 10.27 (among them: nitrogen 2.0, phosphorus 4.5, potassium 3.0, iron 0.74, manganese 0.02, copper 0.004, zinc 0.02, molybdenum 0.002 , boron 0.02).

Example 4

Take 80 g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat to 60° C., add urea 6.5 g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 11.1 g, potassium sulfate 8.7 g, edetate disodium iron 7.0 g, borax 0.26 g, Mix 0.12g of manganese sulfate, 0.24g of copper sulfate, 0.18g of zinc sulfate, and 0.008g of sodium molybdate, then add 20g of water, react for 1 hour, and cool to prepare an organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its effective ingredients (weight percent) are moisture 70.2, ash 6.88, active fulvic acid 8.0, nutrient element content 14.92 (among them: nitrogen 5.0, phosphorus 5.1, potassium 3.5, iron 1.2, manganese 0.04, copper 0.006, zinc 0.04, molybdenum 0.004 , boron 0.03).

Example 5

Take 60g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat to 50°C, add 20g of ammonium sulfate, 7.5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.2g of ferrous oxalate, 0.06g of boric acid, 0.06g of manganese sulfate, 0.01g of copper sulfate, Zinc sulfate 0.09g, ammonium molybdate 0.004g, mix evenly, then add 40g water, react for 2 hours, cool, and make organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its active ingredients (weight percent) are water 75.1, ash 8.61, active fulvic acid 5.2, and nutrient element content 11.09, of which: nitrogen 3.0, phosphorus 4.0, potassium 2.5, iron 1.0, manganese 0.02, copper 0.003, zinc 0.02, molybdenum 0.002 , boron 0.01.

Example 6

Take 30g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat to 60°C, add urea 8.7g, phosphoric acid 4.5g, potassium sulfate 8.0g, ferrous sulfate 5g, borax 0.09g, manganese sulfate 0.09g, copper sulfate 0.01g , zinc sulfate 0.09g, sodium molybdate 0.006g, mix homogeneously, then add 70g water, react for 0.5 hour, cool, make organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its active ingredients (weight percent) are water 75.2, ash 9.52, active fulvic acid 3.2, nutrient element content 12.08, of which: nitrogen 4.0, phosphorus 3.7, potassium 3.2, iron 1.0, manganese 0.03, copper 0.003, zinc 0.04, molybdenum 0.003, boron 0.01.

Example 7

Take 70g of the fulvic acid intermediate prepared in Example 1, heat to 70°C, add urea 15g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5g, ferrous sulfate 5g, borax 0.26g, manganese sulfate 0.09g, copper sulfate 0.018g, zinc sulfate 0.13g, 0.008g of ammonium molybdate, mix evenly, then add 30g of water, react for 1.5 hours, cool, and make organic fulvic acid nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. Its active ingredients (weight percent) are water 76.3, ash 6.3, active fulvic acid 7.2, and nutrient element content 10.20, of which: nitrogen 6.9, phosphorus 1.9, potassium 1.2, iron 1.0, manganese 0.03, copper 0.004, zinc 0.03, molybdenum 0.004 , boron 0.03.

Get the product prepared in Example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, dilute 10000 times with water, do potted contrast test with common inorganic nutrient solution under the same substrate, the same cultivation facility condition, lettuce sowing, regular after germination Water the nutrient solution, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

     Table 1 Effects of different nutrient solutions on the yield of lettuce in soilless culture

                                                   

Nutrient solution

(%) (%) (g/pot) (%) inorganic nutrient solution 15.00 -- 76.20 --

Example 1 11.09 5.2 86.11 13.00

Example 2 13.56 4.2 86.50 13.52

Example 3 10.27 2.3 84.74 11.21

Example 4 14.92 8.0 89.76 17.80

Example 5 10.56 6.1 86.33 13.30

Example 6 12.08 3.2 85.57 12.30

Example 7 10.20 7.2 87.16 14.38

Claims (5)

1. nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation is characterized in that the weight percent composition side of nutritive medium:

Moisture 67-80% ash content 6-15%

Active xanthohumic acid 2-8% nutritive element content 10-15%.

2. the preparation method of a kind of nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described active xanthohumic acid is the xanthohumic acid intermediate of producing among the Chinese patent ZL961088.6.

3. the preparation method of a kind of nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described nutritive element is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, its weight ratio is a nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: iron: manganese: copper: zinc: molybdenum: boron=1.5-7: 1.5-7: 0.5-1.5: 0.02-0.04: 0.003-0.006: 0.02-0.04: 0.002-0.004: 0.01-0.03.

4. as the preparation method of the described a kind of nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the preparation method of organic nutritive xanthohumic acid solution comprises the steps:

(1) gets active xanthohumic acid 20-80g by above-mentioned nutritive medium composition, be heated to 40-80 ℃;

(2) form by above-mentioned nutritive medium, in active xanthohumic acid, add the precursor and the water of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, under 40-80 ℃, reacted 0.5-2 hour;

(3) after the cooling, get product of the present invention.

5. the preparation method of a kind of nutritive xanthohumic acid solution for soilless cultivation as claimed in claim 4, the precursor that it is characterized in that described nitrogen is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia or ammonium sulfate; The precursor of phosphorus is potassium primary phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate, Secondary ammonium phosphate or phosphoric acid; The precursor of potassium is vitriolate of tartar or potassium primary phosphate; The precursor of iron is ferrous sulfate, Ferrox or disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron; The precursor of manganese is a manganous sulfate; The precursor of copper is a copper sulfate; The precursor of zinc is a zinc sulfate; The precursor of molybdenum is ammonium molybdate or Sodium orthomolybdate; The precursor of boron is borax or boric acid.