CN1348475A - 开孔硬质聚氨酯泡沫 - Google Patents
开孔硬质聚氨酯泡沫 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1348475A CN1348475A CN00806713A CN00806713A CN1348475A CN 1348475 A CN1348475 A CN 1348475A CN 00806713 A CN00806713 A CN 00806713A CN 00806713 A CN00806713 A CN 00806713A CN 1348475 A CN1348475 A CN 1348475A
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- Prior art keywords
- rigid foam
- alcohol
- many
- randomly
- purposes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCCCO UNVGBIALRHLALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHKOAJUTRVTYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N OHKOAJUTRVTYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTNMPUFESIRPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N UTNMPUFESIRPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940044174 4-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及开孔硬质泡沫,其含有氨基甲酸酯－和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团。所述硬质泡沫是用多醇组分制备的,该多醇含有具有低双键含量的长链聚醚多醇。
Description
本发明涉及含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团的开孔硬质泡沫，其是用多醇组分制备的，该多醇组分含有具有低双键含量的长链聚醚多醇。
聚氨酯硬质泡沫通常是由每分子中平均具有至少三个羟基基团的多醇、至少二官能的异氰酸酯、催化剂、稳定剂、发泡剂和任选地通常的添加剂制备的。
所用的多醇组分通常是聚醚多醇或聚酯多醇或其混合物，在所用的多醇混合物中每分子中存在平均至少三个羟基基团，并且所用的多醇混合物的羟值为100-900。
所用的发泡剂的例子包括沸点低于60℃的挥发性有机化合物或水。水与异氰酸酯组分反应导致二氧化碳和胺的生成，后者又继续与异氰酸酯组分反应形成聚脲。
形成的硬质泡沫通常主要是闭孔泡沫，密度为5-950kg m-3。为获得开孔硬质泡沫，使用了具有高氧乙烯基团含量的多醇和/或特殊的硅氧烷稳定剂和/或添加剂如硬脂酸钙、固体或脂化学衍生物。
开孔硬质泡沫被用作例如亲水基质用于种花。具有高开孔含量的硬质泡沫的其它应用是：绝缘应用(为此目的，组分任选地进行脱气)，作为吸能材料的应用例如用在缓冲器中，或汽车内部应用，和用于汽车顶盖内衬。
硬质泡沫领域中的较新发展涉及大量地开孔、尤其是微孔聚氨酯-或聚异氰脲酸酯-改性的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的控制制备。它们可被用作绝缘材料，如用在真空板中。
FR-A1457824公开了开孔硬质泡沫的制备，其中使用了含有高比例的具有50-200的羟值的长链聚醚多醇的聚醚多醇混合物。
EP-A622388描述了开孔硬质泡沫的制备，其中使用了具有25-60的羟值、最多5％的氧乙烯基团和最多5％的伯端羟基基团的长链聚醚多醇，以及水作为单一发泡剂，和具有150-800的羟值的聚醚多醇，该聚醚多醇具有最多5％的伯端羟基基团并以多官能胺作为起始分子。
现已发现，含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团并具有高开孔含量的硬质泡沫可以容易地并以控制的方式通过在所用的多醇混合物中使用羟值为3-90、碳-碳双键含量低于15mmol·kg-1的聚(氧化烯)多醇进行制备。
本发明提供含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团的主要为开孔的硬质泡沫，其可通过下列组分反应制备：
a)二-或多异氰酸酯，
b)具有平均至少两个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的基团的多醇组分，
c)水和/或一种或多种物理发泡剂，
d)任选地催化剂，
e)任选地其它的助剂和添加剂，
其特征在于，组份b)含有至少一种羟值为3-90、优选为3-60和碳-碳双键含量不高于15mmol·kg-1、优选不高于12mmol·kg-1的聚(氧化烯)多醇。
在本发明的方法中使用有机二-或多异氰酸酯作为组份a)。适合的二-或多异氰酸酯包括在Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie562(1949)75中描述的那些脂肪族、环脂族、芳脂族、芳香族和杂环族的多异氰酸酯，例如下式的那些：
Q(NCO)n
其中
n表示2-4的整数，优选2，和
Q表示具有2-18、优选6-10个碳原子的脂肪族烃基，具有4-15、优选5-10个碳原子的环脂族烃基，具有6-15、优选6-13个碳原子的芳香族烃基，或具有8-15、优选8-13个碳原子的芳脂族烃基。
在DE-OS2832253中描述的那些多异氰酸酯是优选的。通常，工业上易得的多异氰酸酯是尤其优选的，例如，2，4-和2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯和所述异构体的任何混合物(“TDI”)，通过苯胺-甲醛缩合然后通过光气化作用制得的那些多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(“粗MDI”)和含有碳化二亚胺基团、氨基甲酸酯基团、脲基甲酸酯基团、异氰脲酸酯基团、脲基团或缩二脲基团的多异氰酸酯(“改性的多异氰酸酯”)，尤其是衍生自2，4-和/或2，6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或4，4’-和/或2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的那些改性的多异氰酸酯。也可以使用前述异氰酸酯与具有至少一个羟基基团的有机化合物的预聚物。其例子包括具有一到四个羟基基团的多醇或聚酯，其(数均)分子量为60-1400。可工业生产的称作“聚合的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯”的具有大于2.0的官能度的多异氰酸酯和由其制备的预聚物是非常特别优选的。
根据本发明，多醇组份b)包含至少一种聚(氧化烯)多醇，其具有3-90、优选3-60的羟值和不高于15mmol·kg-1、优选不高于12mmol·kg-1的碳-碳双键。然而，也可以使用所述多醇的混合物。聚(氧化烯)多醇优选具有2-8、尤其优选地2-6的平均官能度。所述多醇在组份b)中的比例优选地为0.1-50重量％，尤其优选1-30重量％。
本发明所用的聚(氧化烯)多醇可以通过下述方法进行制备：例如，在铯、铷、锶或钡氢氧化物或其它碱性催化剂的存在下由烯化氧对多官能起始化合物进行加聚反应，或使C-C双键含量＞15mmol·kg-1的多醇中的烯丙基C-C双键重排形成丙烯基C-C双键，然后用酸水解，其中所述的多醇是采用传统方法通过使用碱金属氢氧化物或醇盐催化进行制备的。本发明所用的聚(氧化烯)多醇优选地是使用高活性双金属氰化物催化剂由具有平均2-8、优选2-6个活性氢原子的起始化合物和一种或多种烯化氧进行制备的，例如在EP-A761708中所述的。
优选的起始化合物是每分子中具有2-8个羟基基团的分子，例如水、三乙醇胺、1，2-乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、二甘醇、双丙甘醇、三甘醇、三丙二醇、1，2-丁二醇、1，3-丁二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，2-己二醇、1，3-己二醇、1，4-己二醇、1，5-己二醇、1，6-己二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇和蔗糖。还优选的起始化合物包括氨或具有至少一个伯或仲氨基基团的化合物，例如，脂肪族胺如1，2-乙二胺、1，2-乙二胺的齐聚物(例如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺或五亚乙基六胺)、乙醇胺或二乙醇胺、1，3-丙二胺、1，3-丁二胺、1，4-丁二胺、1，2-己二胺、1，3-己二胺、1，4-己二胺、1，5-己二胺、1，6-己二胺，芳香族胺如1，2-苯二胺、1，3-苯二胺、1，4-苯二胺、2，3-二氨基甲苯、2，4-二氨基甲苯、3，4-二氨基甲苯、2，5-二氨基甲苯、2，6-二氨基甲苯、2，2’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、2，4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4，4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷或通过苯胺与甲醛的酸催化缩合得到的芳香族胺。所述起始化合物可以单独或混合使用。
用于使用高活性双金属氰化物催化剂的反应的尤其优选的起始化合物是那些例如可以通过传统的碱催化由上述羟基官能的低分子量起始化合物和烯化氧如环氧乙烷、甲基环氧乙烷和/或乙基环氧乙烷制得的化合物。
用于制备本发明所用的聚(氧化烯)多醇的优选的烯化氧是环氧乙烷、甲基环氧乙烷和乙基环氧乙烷。它们可以单独或混合使用。如果混合使用，烯化氧可以无规地或以嵌段的方式或以两种方式连续地反应。更详细的描述可从“Ullmans Encyclopdie der industriellenChemie”，卷A21，1992，第670及其后中获得。
本发明所用的聚(氧化烯)多醇也可以是在本发明的聚(氧化烯)多醇中的聚合产物的分散体。所述聚合产物可以通过例如丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯在聚(氧化烯)多醇中的自由基原位聚合制备，例如采用US-PS3523093的方法。其它聚合产物的例子包括例如聚脲化合物、聚酰肼或含叔氨基基团的聚氨酯。用于制备所述聚合产物分散体的适合方法描述于例如EP-A11752，US-PS4374209和DE-OS3231497中。聚合产物在分散体中的比例优选为1-50重量％。
除了具有3-90、优选3-60的羟值和不高于15mmol·kg-1、优选不高于12mmol·kg-1的碳-碳双键含量的聚(氧化烯)多醇外，多醇组分b)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的氢原子的其它化合物。这些化合物优选地是一种或多种多醇。优选的多醇是那些描述于例如G.Oertel(编)：“Kunststoffhandbuch”，卷VII，C.HanserVerlag，第3版，Munich 1993，第57-75页中的聚醚-和/或聚酯多醇。
聚醚多醇是通过烯化氧对具有活性氢原子的起始化合物加聚制备的，所述烯化氧是例如环氧乙烷、甲基环氧乙烷、乙基环氧乙烷、癸基环氧乙烷或苯基环氧乙烷，优选甲基环氧乙烷、乙基环氧乙烷或环氧乙烷。适合的起始化合物的例子包括氨或具有至少一个伯或仲氨基基团的化合物，例如，脂肪族胺如1，2-乙二胺、1，2-乙二胺的齐聚物(例如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺或五亚乙基六胺)、乙醇胺或二乙醇胺、1，3-丙二胺、1，3-丁二胺、1，4-丁二胺、1，2-己二胺、1，3-己二胺、1，4-己二胺、1，5-己二胺、1，6-己二胺，芳香族胺如1，2-苯二胺、1，3-苯二胺、1，4-苯二胺、2，3-二氨基甲苯、2，4-二氨基甲苯、3，4-二氨基甲苯、2，5-二氨基甲装、2，6-二氨基甲苯、2，2’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、2，4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4，4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷或通过酸催化由苯胺与甲醛缩合得到的芳香族胺。其它适合的起始化合物是那些具有两个或多个端羟基基团的化合物，例如水、三乙醇二胺、1，2-乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、二甘醇、双丙甘醇、三甘醇、三丙二醇、1，2-丁二醇、1，3-丁二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，2-己二醇、1，3-己二醇、1，4-己二醇、1，5-己二醇、1，6-己二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇和蔗糖。起始化合物可以单独或混合使用。根据本发明可用于多醇组分b)中的聚醚多醇的(数均)分子量为150-12,500g/mol、优选200-1500g/mol。
在多醇组分b)中，也可以使用一种或多种聚酯多醇，其(数均)分子量为100-30,000g/mol、优选150-10,000g/mol、尤其优选200-6000g/mol，所述聚酯多醇是由芳香族和/或脂肪族二羧酸与具有至少两个羟基基团的多醇得到的。二羧酸的例子包括邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、富马酸、马来酸、壬二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、丙二酸和琥珀酸。可以使用纯的二羧酸和其任何混合物。除了游离二羧酸，也可以使用相应的二羧酸衍生物，例如，具有1-4个碳原子的醇的二羧酸单-或二酯。这类酯在例如回收聚酯废料时获得。所用的酸组分也可以是二羧酸酐，如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐。优选的用于酯化的醇组分的例子包括：乙二醇、二甘醇、四甘醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，5-戊二醇、1，6-己二醇、1，10-癸二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或其混合物。也可以使用内酯如ε-己内酯或羟基羧酸如ω-羟基羧酸的聚酯多醇。
多醇组分b)也可以包含这样的聚醚酯多醇：其是例如通过邻苯二甲酸酐与二甘醇反应、随后与环氧乙烷反应而制备的。
可以包含在多醇组分b)中的适合的多醇的其它例子包括多官能的醇或胺或氨基醇或其混合物，及其氧丙基化和/或氧乙基化的次级产物，或通过多官能醇与多官能羧酸的酯化制备的聚酯多醇。
优选的用于本发明方法的组分c)是作为化学发泡剂的水，其通过与异氰酸酯基团反应产生作为发泡气体的二氧化碳。水的优选用量是组分b)的量的0.001-10重量％。也可以在组分c)中使用不燃的物理发泡剂，如二氯甲烷、二氯一氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、三氟甲烷、二氟乙烷、1，1，1，2-四氟乙烷、四氟乙烷(R 134或R 134a)、1，1，1，3，3，3-六氟丙烷(R 356)、1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷(R 245fa)、氯二氟乙烷、1，1-二氯-2，2，2-三氟乙烷、2，2-二氯-2-氟乙烷、七氟丙烷和六氟化硫。也可以使用所述发泡剂的混合物。其它适合的发泡剂包括羧酸如甲酸、乙酸、草酸，以及化学发泡剂，其在发泡过程中释放气体，例如偶氮化合物。优选地所述发泡剂与水结合使用。
对于制备本发明的硬质泡沫，任选地使用加速异氰酸酯组分a)与多醇组分b)的反应的催化剂作为组分d)。适合的催化剂的例子包括有机锡化合物，例如，有机羧酸的锡(II)盐如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II)，和二烷基锡(IV)盐如二丁基二乙酸锡、二丁基二月桂酸锡和二辛基二乙酸锡。适合的催化剂的其它例子包括胺类，如三乙胺、二甲基环己基胺、二甲基苄基胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N，N，N’，N’-四甲基丁二胺、N-甲基吗啉、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚和三(二烷基氨基烷基)-s-六氢三嗪。催化剂组分d)优选含有至少一种脂肪族胺。催化剂组分d)尤其优选含有N-(二甲基氨基乙基)-N-甲基乙醇胺，其例如可以商品名DabcoT(Air Products)购得。也可以使用几种催化剂的组合。
组分b)、c)和d)通常在发泡过程之前混合。该混合物优选具有3.0-6.0的平均官能度和120-700的平均羟值。
任选地，也可以在制备本发明的硬质泡沫过程中加入其它助剂和添加剂e)。例子包括阻燃剂，例如，磷酸三(甲苯基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2，3-二溴丙基)酯、四-(2-氯乙基)-亚乙基二磷酸酯、二甲基甲烷膦酸酯、二乙醇氨基甲基膦酸二乙酯，以及具有阻燃效果的含卤多醇。也可以一起使用烷属烃或脂肪醇或二甲基聚硅氧烷，和颜料或染料，以及防止老化和天候影响的稳定剂，增塑剂如邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，和防霉剂和抑菌剂物质，和填料如硫酸钡、硅藻土、炭黑或白垩。这些物质在多醇组分b)中的加入量通常为0-10重量份、优选0-5重量份。任选地一起使用的表面活性剂添加剂和泡沫稳定剂和孔调节剂、反应抑制剂、稳定剂、阻燃剂、染料和填料和防霉剂和抑菌剂物质的其它例子以及有关所述添加剂的应用和作用模式的详细描述见于G.Oertel(编)“Kunststoff-Handbuch”卷VII，Carl Hanser Verlag，第3版，Munich 1993，110-115页。
本发明的主要地为开孔的硬质泡沫通常是使用适合的、通常的机械设备通过将作为一种组分的二-或多异氰酸酯a)与作为另一种组分的其它组分的混合物剧烈混合进行制备的。硬质泡沫的制备既可以是连续的，如在传送带装置上，也可以是间歇的。对本领域的技术人员而言，硬质泡沫的制备原则上是已知的，并描述于例如G.Oertel(编)“Kunststoff-Handbuch”卷VII，Carl Hanser Verlag，第3版，Munich1993，271-286页。
含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团的大量地开孔硬质泡沫的制备优选以使NCO/OH指数即反应性异氰酸酯基团与羟基基团间的化学计量比为0.5-6.0的这样一种方式进行。NCO/OH指数尤其优选为0.7-1.5。形成的模塑制品的密度优选为5kg m-3-500kg m-3、尤其优选10kg m-3-200kg m-3。按照DIN ISO 4590-86测定的模塑制品的开孔体积百分数为至少20％；如果有的话，模塑制品具有最小的收缩。
本发明也提供了本发明的硬质泡沫的用途，如作为复合元件的中间层，用作真空绝缘板的填料基材和用于冷库和在容器结构中的泡沫填充空腔，作为种花的亲水基材，以及作为吸能材料，例如用于缓冲器中、或汽车内部应用和用于汽车顶盖内衬。
实施例
在实施例中使用下列原材料：
多醇A：羟值为380的甲基环氧乙烷对蔗糖/丙二醇的加成产物
多醇B：羟值为450的甲基环氧乙烷对蔗糖/乙二醇的加成产物
多醇C：羟值为780的甲基环氧乙烷对三羟甲基丙烷的加成产物
多醇D：羟值为625的甲基环氧乙烷对乙二胺的加成产物
多醇E：羟值为300的环氧乙烷对二甘醇与邻苯二甲酸酐的反应产物的加成产物
多醇F：羟值为56和C-C双键含量为27mmol kg-1的甲基环氧乙烷与丙三醇的加成产物
多醇G：羟值为56和C-C双键含量为7.2mmol kg-1的甲基环氧乙烷与丙三醇的加成产物
异氰酸酯：异氰酸酯基团含量为31.4重量％的聚合的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯
催化剂1：二甲基环己基胺
催化剂2：N-(二甲基氨基乙基)-N-甲基乙醇胺(DabcoT，AirProducts GmbH，D-45527 Hattingen)
稳定剂1：硅氧烷稳定剂(TegostabB-8466，Th.Goldschmidt AG，D-45127，Essen)
稳定剂2：硅氧烷稳定剂(TegostabB-8469，Th.Goldschmidt AG，D-45127，Essen)
以实验室规模通常采用的发泡方法制备表面积为5cm×5cm和泡沫高度为约100cm的试样。使用下面的配方：
*对比例
| 实施例编号 | 1 | A* | 2 | B* | 3 | C* |
| 组分/重量份 | ||||||
| 多醇A | 45 | 45 | ||||
| 多醇B | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | ||
| 多醇C | 15 | 15 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| 多醇D | 15 | 15 | ||||
| 多醇E | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 多醇F | 15 | 20 | 20 | |||
| 多醇G | 15 | 20 | 20 | |||
| 催化剂1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||
| 催化剂2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | ||
| 稳定剂1 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 稳定剂2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 水 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 异氰酸酯 | 157 | 157 | 177 | 177 | 177 | 177 |
| 特性 (NCO/OH) | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
| 搅拌时间/s | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 固化时间/s | 50 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 48 | 49 |
| 密度/kg m-3 | 51 | 49 | 54 | 51 | 55 | 51 |
| 平均开孔百分数/％ | 78 | 50 | 96 | 77 | 47 | 34 |
按照DIN ISO 4590-86测定开孔体积百分数。
本发明的实施例证明，当使用本发明的多醇混合物时，形成的硬质泡沫的开孔体积百分数显著增加。
Claims (8)
1.含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团的开孔硬质泡沫，其可以通过下列组分反应制备，
a)二-或多异氰酸酯，
b)具有平均至少两个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的基团的多醇组分，
c)水和/或一种或多种物理发泡剂，
d)任选地催化剂，
e)任选地其它的助剂和添加剂，
其特征在于，组份b)含有至少一种羟值为3-90和碳-碳双键含量不高于15mmol·kg-1的聚(氧化烯)多醇。
2.权利要求1的硬质泡沫，其密度为5-500kg m-3。
3.制备含有氨基甲酸酯-和/或异氰脲酸酯基团和/或脲基团的主要地为开孔的硬质泡沫的方法，其中使
a)二-或多异氰酸酯与以下组分反应：
b)具有平均至少两个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的基团的多醇组分，
c)水和/或一种或多种物理发泡剂，
d)任选地催化剂，
e)任选地其它的助剂和添加剂，
其特征在于，组份b)含有至少一种羟值为3-90和碳-碳双键含量不高于15mmol·kg-1的聚(氧化烯)多醇。
4.权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，所用的催化剂是N-(二甲基氨基乙基)-N-甲基乙醇胺。
5.权利要求1或2的硬质泡沫作为绝缘填料基材用于真空板或作为绝缘材料用于冰箱或用于冷库的泡沫填充空腔和在容器结构中的用途。
6.权利要求1或2的硬质泡沫作为能量吸收材料在汽车中的用途。
7.权利要求1或2的硬质泡沫用于汽车内部应用的用途。
8.权利要求1或2的硬质泡沫作为亲水基材用于种花的用途。
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| CH464530A (de) | 1964-11-30 | 1968-10-31 | Allied Chem | Verfahren zur Herstellung nicht-flexibler Polyurethanschäume |
| CA1155871A (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1983-10-25 | Gencorp Inc. | Method for treating polypropylene ether and poly-1,2- butylene ether polyols |
| ES2104553T3 (es) * | 1987-02-26 | 1997-10-16 | Arco Chem Tech | Preparacion de un catalizador filtrable de complejo de cianuro de metal doble para la polimerizacion de oxido de alquileno. |
| AR243911A1 (es) * | 1988-11-18 | 1993-09-30 | Dow Chemical Co | Un proceso para la preparacion de un poliol que tiene un peso equivalente de 200 a 4000 mediante la reaccion de un compuesto monoepoxi. |
| JP3097854B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-12 | 2000-10-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ポリウレタン類の製造方法 |
| US5096993A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-03-17 | Olin Corporation | Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and polyurea elastomers made using low unsaturation level polyols prepared with double metal cyanide catalysts |
| DE59109176D1 (de) | 1991-03-19 | 2000-02-17 | Huntsman International Trading | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschäumten Massen auf Basis von Polyharnstoffelastomeren |
| US5344852A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1994-09-06 | Aristech Chemical Corporation | Unsaturated polyester-polyurethane hybrid resin foam compositions |
| JPH05339336A (ja) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 硬質発泡合成樹脂の製造方法 |
| JP3522825B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-26 | 2004-04-26 | 三井武田ケミカル株式会社 | 連続気泡硬質ポリウレタンフオームの製造方法 |
| EP0622388B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 2001-04-11 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Method of producing open cell rigid polyurethane foam |
| US5470813A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-11-28 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Double metal cyanide complex catalysts |
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| JP3680339B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-28 | 2005-08-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 高弾性ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 |
| US5648447A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-07-15 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Elastomeric polyurethanes with improved properties based on crystallizable polyols in combination with low monol polyoxpropylene polyols |
| US5856372A (en) | 1996-05-23 | 1999-01-05 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Microcellular elastomers with improved processability and properties |
| US5844070A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-01 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for rapid activation of double metal cyanide catalysts |
| JP3905638B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-28 | 2007-04-18 | 三井化学株式会社 | ポリオキシアルキレンポリオール及びその誘導体、並びに、該ポリオキシアルキレンポリオールの製造方法 |
| DE19745120A1 (de) * | 1997-10-13 | 1999-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Verbesserte Doppelmetallcyanid-Katalysatoren für die Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
| CN1174022C (zh) * | 1998-07-10 | 2004-11-03 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 环氧烷开环聚合用催化剂及其制造方法和用途 |
| US6201035B1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-03-13 | Basf Corporation | Use of low unsaturated polyether polyols in high resilience slabstock foam applications |
-
1999
- 1999-04-24 DE DE19918726A patent/DE19918726C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 AT AT00917071T patent/ATE231527T1/de active
- 2000-04-11 BR BRPI0010003-0A patent/BR0010003B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-11 WO PCT/EP2000/003218 patent/WO2000064958A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-11 ES ES00917071T patent/ES2189749T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 AU AU38197/00A patent/AU3819700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-11 DE DE50001138T patent/DE50001138D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 JP JP2000614307A patent/JP4620256B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-11 US US09/959,253 patent/US6444720B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 CN CNB008067139A patent/CN1134478C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-11 EP EP00917071A patent/EP1173495B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 DK DK00917071T patent/DK1173495T3/da active
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2002
- 2002-10-25 HK HK02107759.4A patent/HK1046148B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104072717A (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-01 | 拜耳材料科技股份有限公司 | 具有均匀的泡孔尺寸分布和均匀的开孔含量的硬质聚氨酯泡沫 |
| CN104072717B (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2018-04-17 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 具有均匀的泡孔尺寸分布和均匀的开孔含量的硬质聚氨酯泡沫 |
| CN110023364A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-07-16 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 开孔硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法 |
| CN107602797A (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-19 | 安徽志诚机电零部件有限公司 | 一种水基聚氨酯整车泡沫的发泡工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4620256B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
| BR0010003A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
| EP1173495A1 (de) | 2002-01-23 |
| AU3819700A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
| US6444720B1 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
| ATE231527T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
| WO2000064958A1 (de) | 2000-11-02 |
| EP1173495B1 (de) | 2003-01-22 |
| JP2002543225A (ja) | 2002-12-17 |
| DE19918726A1 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
| HK1046148A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
| HK1046148B (zh) | 2004-12-03 |
| ES2189749T3 (es) | 2003-07-16 |
| BR0010003B1 (pt) | 2010-06-15 |
| DK1173495T3 (da) | 2003-04-14 |
| DE50001138D1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
| DE19918726C2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
| CN1134478C (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
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