CN1338462A - 合欢皂甙衍生物的化学合成 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有潜在药用价值的合欢皂甙衍生物的化学合成。该衍生物保持了天然合欢皂苷的核心四糖单元《α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-D-葡萄吡喃糖》及一个甾体或三萜类配糖体的结构,本发明采用先合成葡萄糖的甾体苷,然后再接上三糖的策略。
Description
本发明属于有生物活性的皂甙衍生物的制备领域。
合欢皂甙是豆科植物合欢(Albizzia Julibrissin Durazz.)茎皮的药效成份,中国药点一部(1995年版)记载合欢皮有解郁安神、活血消肿的功能,用于心神不安、忧郁失眠、肺痈疮肿、跌扑伤痛等症。日本学者报道合欢皂甙J1还具有抑制肿瘤的细胞毒活性。这些合欢皂甙的结构共性是都含有一个结构为α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖的四糖。该四糖以酯连接的方式接在金合欢酸的28位。结构与功能的关系研究表明:若水解掉上述四糖,合欢皂甙就同时丧失其生理活性(参见文献T Nohara et al,J.Nat.Prod.1997,60,102-107)。由此可知该四糖是合欢皂甙药性不可或缺的成分。
本发明的目的在于提供一种简易的合欢皂甙衍生物的化学合成法。核心是用部分苯甲酰化的糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯供体与胆固醇等配糖体偶联可得到高产率、立体专一的单糖皂甙衍生物,以它们为起始物,能简易而有效地合成各种皂甙化合物。同时,本发明的合成策略也解决了传统皂甙合成过程中,在缺乏邻基参与效应的情况下(与配糖体相连的单糖上2-位接有其它寡糖),无法控制配糖体糖苷键立体选择性的矛盾。
本发明的合成方法在于:
1.用部分苯甲酰化的糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯2为供体与胆固醇等配糖体偶联,可得到高产率、立体专一的单糖皂甙衍生物4。该皂甙衍生物的糖基化位点用乙酰基临时保护,用3%乙酰氯的二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)混合液处理,可选则性地脱除乙酰基,得2-OH的皂甙衍生物5。
2.全苯甲酰化的阿拉伯呋喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯6与4位为游离羟基的α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷7进行标准糖基化反应,高产率地得到双糖8。
3.将双糖糖苷8用90%三氟乙酸水溶液处理,可得二醇化合物9。将9在二氯甲烷-吡啶-苯甲酰氯中,区域选择性地单苯甲酰化,得化合物10。10与全乙酰化的葡萄糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯11进行标准糖基化反应,得到三糖糖苷12。三糖糖苷12经过脱除1位烯丙基、活化异头碳羟基,可制得三糖供体15。
4.三糖供体15与单糖皂甙受体5进行糖基化反应,得到全酰化的合欢皂甙衍生物16。
5.用甲醇钠的甲醇溶液或氨气的甲醇溶液脱除16所有的酰基保护基,得到合欢皂甙衍生物17。
6.所述的(标准)糖基化反应,是指以无水二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲苯或乙醚为溶剂,以三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸酯(TMSOTf)或三氟化硼乙醚溶液为催化剂,反应温度为-42-零度。
7.所合成的合欢皂甙衍生物17对P388(鼠白血症)表现出较好的细胞毒活性(GI50=22.5微克/毫升)。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。(1)2-氧-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-氧-苯甲酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基胆固醇甙4的合成1.05当量的葡萄糖供体2与受体胆固醇3(2克,5.17毫摩尔)在0℃下、20毫升二氯甲烷中以TMSOTf(100微升,0.55毫摩尔)为催化剂进行糖基化反应3小时后,加入1.0毫升的三乙胺中和,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得胆固醇甙4(4.24克,91%)。[α]D 25-15°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ3.52(m,1H,OCH),4.06(m,1H,H-5),4.47(dd,1H,J5,6a 6.0,J6a,6b 12.0Hz,H-6),4.56(dd,1H,J5,6b 3.2Hz,H-6),4.79(d,1H,J1,2 7.9Hz,H-1),5.23(dd,1H,J2,3 9.7Hz,H-2),5.35(bd,1H,=CH),5.55(t,1H,J4,5 9.7Hz,H-4),5.71(t,1H,J3,4 9.7Hz,H-3),7.30-8.00(m,15H,Ph).(2)3,4,6-三-氧-苯甲酰基-B-D-葡萄吡喃糖基胆固醇甙5的合成
将葡萄糖的胆固醇甙4(1克,1.1毫摩尔)溶于35毫升二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)混合液中,滴加1.2毫升乙酰氯。室温搅拌24-36小时,TLC检测反应完成,加三乙胺中和,用水洗二氯甲烷相后,蒸干,上硅胶柱分离得化合物5(0.85克,89%)。[α]D 25-28°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ2.60(bs,1H,OH),3.60(m,1H,OCH),3.79(dd,1H,J7.8,J9.5Hz,H-2),4.06(m,1H,H-5),4.48(dd,1H,J6.2,J12.0Hz,H-6),4.54(dd,1H,J3.5Hz,H-6),4.66(d,1H,J7.8Hz,H-1),5.35(bd,1H,=CH),5.53(t,1H,J9.5Hz,H-4),5.62(t,1H,H-3),7.30-8.00(m,15H,Ph).(3)烯丙基2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-2,3-氧-异丙叉基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷8的合成
1.05当量的2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯6(制备见Y.Du,Q.Pan and F.Kong,Carbohydr.Res.2000,323,28-35)在0℃下与受体7(1.06克,4.34毫摩尔,制备参阅文献Y.Du,F.Kong,J Carbohydr Chem.,1999,18,655-666)在二氯甲烷中以TMSOTf(25微升,0.14毫摩尔)为催化剂进行糖基化反应,2小时后,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得二糖8(2.47克,83%)。[α]D 25-11°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1.30(s,3H,CH3),1.31(d,3H,H-6),1.55(s,3H,CH3),3.69(dd,1H,J7.2,9.9Hz,H-4),3.76(dq,1H,H-5),4.00-4.21(m,3H),4.33(dd,1H,J7.0,5.8Hz,H-3),4.59(m,1H,H-4’),4.7(dd,1H,J5.6,11.8Hz,H-5’a),4.8(dd,1H,J3.6Hz,H-5’b),5.04(s,1H,H-1),5.20-5.35(m,2H),5.54(d,1H,J4.6Hz,H-3’),5.60(s,1H,H-2’/H-1),5.81(s,1H,H-1’/H-2’),5.87-5.95(m,1H),7.28-8.09(m,15H,ph).(4)烯丙基2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷9的合成
将双糖8(3克,4.36毫摩尔)溶于35毫升90%的三氟乙酸水溶液中,室温搅拌2小时后蒸干,上硅胶柱分离得化合物9(2.48克,88%)。(5)烯丙基2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-2-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷10的合成
将二醇9(1.0克,1.54毫摩尔)溶于10毫升二氯甲烷中,再先后加入3毫升的吡啶和0.19毫升的苯甲酰氯,室温搅拌5小时,TLC检测反应完成,浓缩后上硅胶柱分离得化合物10(890毫克,77%)。[α]D 25-1°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1.37(d,3H,J6.4Hz,H-6r),1.49,1.82,2.04(3s,9H,Ac),3.84-3.90(m,2H,H-5r,H-5g),4.00(t,3H,J9.4Hz,H-4r),4.05(m,1H),4.14-4.20(m,3H),4.42(dd,1H,J3,4,J10.4Hz,H-3r),4.65-4.70(m,2H,H-4a,H-1g),4.80-5.02(m,5H,J7.8,J9.1,J1.5Hz,2H-5a,H-1r,H-2g,H-4g),5.21(t,1H,J9.3Hz,H-3g),5.25(m,1H),5.31(dd,1H,H-2r),5.34(m,1H),5.53(d,1H,J.10Hz,H-1a),5.65(bd,1H,J3.8Hz,H-3a),5.77(s,1H,H-2a),5.95(m,1H),7.26-8.11(m,20H,Ph).(7)烯丙基2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-2-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷12的合成
1.05当量的葡萄糖供体11(制备见R.R.Schmidt,J Michel,J.Carbohydr.Chem1985,4,141-168)与双糖受体10(0.7克,0.93毫摩尔)在0℃下、10毫升二氯甲烷中以TMSOTf(20微升,0.11毫摩尔)为催化剂进行糖基化反应3小时后,再加入0.1毫升的三乙胺中和,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得三糖12(0.79克,78%)。[α]D 25-1°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1.37(d,3H,J6.4Hz,H-6r),1.49,1.82,2.04(3s,3x3H,CH3CO),3.84-3.90(m,2H,H-5r,H-5g),4.00(t,3H,J9.4Hz,H-4r),4.05(m,1H),4.14-4.20(m,3H,2H-6g),4.42(dd,1H,J3,4,J10.4Hz,H-3r),4.65-4.70(m,2H,H-4a,H-1g),4.80-5.02(m,5H,J7.8,J9.1,J1.5Hz,2H-5a,H-1r,H-2g,H-4g),5.21(t,1H,J9.3Hz,H-3g),5.25(m,1H),5.31(dd,1H,H-2r),5.34(m,1H),5.53(d,1H,J1.0Hz,H-1a),5.65(bd,1H,J3.8Hz,H-3a),5.77(s,1H,H-2a),5.95(m,1H),7.26-8.11(m,20H,Ph)(8)2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-2-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖14的合成
将烯丙基苷12(3.0克,2.77毫摩尔)溶于30毫升80%醋酸水溶液中,再加入氯化钯(1.07克)和醋酸钠(1.07克)。室温搅拌16小时,TLC检测反应完成,碳酸氢钠中和、二氯甲烷翠取、浓缩后上硅胶柱分离得半缩醛化合物14。粗产物可直接进行下一步反应。(9)2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-2-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯15的合成
将上述半缩醛化合物14(约2.3克)溶于15毫升二氯甲烷中,再先后加入1.2毫升三氯乙腈和0.13毫升的DBU,室温搅拌4小时,TLC检测反应完成,浓缩后上硅胶柱分离得化合物15(1.81克,55%)。[α]D 25-6°(c1,CHCl3);1HNMR(CDCl3)δ1.41(d,3H,H-6r),1.44,1.83,2.02,2.04(4s,12H,4Ac),3.84(m,1H,H-5r),4.00-4.21(m,4H,H-5g,H-4r,2H-6g),4.49(dd,1H,J3.5,J8.9Hz,H-3r),4.70-4.75(m,2H,H-1g,H-4a),4.80,4.90(2dd,2H,J7.9,J9.7,J6.0Hz,2H-5a),5.01-5.09(m,2H,J8.0,J9.3Hz,H-2g,H-4g),5.25(t,1H,J9.3Hz,H-3g),5.47(dd,1H,J3.4,J1.9Hz,H-2r),5.58(s,H-1a),5.66(d,1H,J3.2Hz,H-3a),5.73(s,1H,H-2a),6.36(d,1H,J1.6Hz,H-1r),7.25-8.08(m,20H,Ph),8.76(s,1H,C=NH)。(10)2,3,5-三-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-2-氧-苯甲酰基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-3,4,6-三-氧-苯甲酰基-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基胆固醇甙16的合成
1.05当量的三糖供体15与胆固醇甙受体5(0.27克,0.31毫摩尔)在0℃下、8毫升二氯甲烷中以TMSOTf(8微升,0.04毫摩尔)为催化剂进行糖基化反应3小时后,再加入0.05毫升的三乙胺中和,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得胆固醇甙16(0.5克,86%)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ18.3(C-6 of rhamnose),60.9,63.5,63.9,68.0,70.1,71.1,71.2,71.9,72.8,74.1,74.9,75.8,77.2,78.0,78.5,80.0,81.9,82.0(C2-C5),97.7(C1A),99.6(C1C),100.3(C1B),105.9(C1D),165.2,165.4,165.5,165.6,165.7,166.0,166.1(7PhCO),168.5,169.0,169.9,170.7(4CH3CO).(11)α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基胆固醇甙17的合成
胆固醇甙16(0.58克,0.31毫摩尔)溶于30毫升二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶2)混合液中,滴加0.5M的甲醇钠-甲醇溶液至pH9。室温搅拌10小时,TLC检测反应完成,加醋酸中和,蒸干至固体,得目标化合物17(0.288克,95%)。13CNMR(CD3OD)δ141.1,120.1,110.3,105.7,104.3,100.8;ESIMS(+),C50H84O19Na:计算值1011.5(M+Na).实测1011.6(M+Na).
Claims (8)
1.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:用部分苯甲酰化的糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯2为供体与胆固醇等配糖体偶联,可得到高产率、立体专一的单糖皂甙衍生物4。该皂甙衍生物的糖基化位点用乙酰基临时保护,用3%乙酰氯的二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)混合液处理,可选则性地脱除乙酰基,得2-OH的皂甙衍生物5。
2.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:全苯甲酰化的阿拉伯呋喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯6与4位为游离羟基的α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷7进行标准糖基化反应,高产率地得到双糖8。
3.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:将双糖糖苷8用90%三氟乙酸水溶液处理,可得二醇化合物9。将9在二氯甲烷-吡啶-苯甲酰氯中,区域选择性地单苯甲酰化,得化合物10。10与全乙酰化的葡萄糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯11进行标准糖基化反应,得到三糖糖苷12。三糖糖苷12经过脱除1位烯丙基、活化异头碳羟基,可制得三糖供体15。
4.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:三糖供体15与单糖皂甙受体5进行糖基化反应,得到全酰化的合欢皂甙衍生物16。
5.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:用甲醇钠的甲醇溶液或氨气的甲醇溶液脱除16所有的酰基保护基,得到合欢皂甙衍生物17。
6.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:权利1-4中所述的(标准)糖基化反应,是指以无水二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲苯或乙醚为溶剂,以三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸酯(TMSOTf)或三氟化硼乙醚溶液为催化剂,反应温度为-42-零度。
7.一种合成合欢皂甙衍生物的方法。其特征在于:权利1中所述的配糖体为胆固醇、麦冬皂甙元、地高辛甙元、薯蓣甙元等。
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CN100357309C (zh) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-12-26 | 浙江省医学科学院 | 一种具有免疫抑制作用的碳-21甾体苷 |
CN100357310C (zh) * | 2005-10-08 | 2007-12-26 | 苏州大学 | 胆固醇的合成方法及其中间体 |
CN100512829C (zh) * | 2005-03-22 | 2009-07-15 | 徐东铭 | 合欢总皂苷及提取方法,以该组合物为基本活性的医药用途及药物制剂 |
CN110642906A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 西北大学 | 一种天然产物香豆素酪胺糖苷化合物的全合成方法 |
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CN100512829C (zh) * | 2005-03-22 | 2009-07-15 | 徐东铭 | 合欢总皂苷及提取方法,以该组合物为基本活性的医药用途及药物制剂 |
CN100357309C (zh) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-12-26 | 浙江省医学科学院 | 一种具有免疫抑制作用的碳-21甾体苷 |
CN100357310C (zh) * | 2005-10-08 | 2007-12-26 | 苏州大学 | 胆固醇的合成方法及其中间体 |
CN110642906A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 西北大学 | 一种天然产物香豆素酪胺糖苷化合物的全合成方法 |
CN110642906B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-05-13 | 西北大学 | 一种天然产物香豆素酪胺糖苷化合物的全合成方法 |
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