CN1322521C - Reactor device - Google Patents
Reactor device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1322521C CN1322521C CNB2004100879621A CN200410087962A CN1322521C CN 1322521 C CN1322521 C CN 1322521C CN B2004100879621 A CNB2004100879621 A CN B2004100879621A CN 200410087962 A CN200410087962 A CN 200410087962A CN 1322521 C CN1322521 C CN 1322521C
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- foot
- coil
- reactor device
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- wound
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Abstract
The invention aims to obtain a predetermined quantity of energy from each of a first secondary winding and a second secondary winding of a reactor device at the time of the on and off of one switching cycle. The reactor device comprises a core unit and a coil unit wound around the core unit. The core unit comprises a first leg, a second leg, and a third leg 6 which are located parallel to one another, and a base 7 which connects the first to third legs 4, 5, and 6 to one another to form a magnetic circuit. The coil unit 3 comprises a primary winding N<SB>p</SB>wound around the first leg 4, the first secondary winding N<SB>s</SB>wound around the second leg 5, and the second secondary winding N<SB>f</SB>wound around the first leg 4 or the third leg 6. The second leg has a portion having a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the third leg.
Description
Technical field
Technical background
The transformer 50 of for example following patent documentation 1 and bulletin shown in Figure 9 is assembled into core device by an E shape ferrite core 51 and the 2nd E shape ferrite core.As shown in figure 10, for example an E shape ferrite core 51 middle foot 53 is arranged and be configured in a pair of outer foot portion 54,55 of foot 53 both sides.The middle foot 53 and the outer foot portion 54,55 of configuration of being parallel to each other is held in one in each end by base portion 56.Behind winding around 57 around the middle foot 53,, be assembled into transformer 50 by coil rack 58 by the 2nd E shape ferrite core 52 being installed in the other end of middle foot 53 and a pair of outer foot portion 54,55.
Be disposed at the sectional area of a pair of outer foot portion of the both sides of the middle foot of existing E iron core and middle foot, owing to twine primary coil, secondary coil to middle foot, the magnetomotive force that middle foot takes place divide equally be disposed in a pair of outer foot portion 13,14 of foot 12 both sides, so, in theory, compare with the sectional area of middle foot, the sectional area that is configured in a pair of outer foot portion of both sides is respectively 1/2.
But, as the E shape ferrite core 50,51 of reactor device with use unshakable in one's determination, when using as reactor device on the foot 53 during primary coil and secondary coil be wrapped in, with a reactor device to the primary coil supply capability, to as the middle foot 53 of first foot with as a side's of the 3rd foot outer foot portion 55 savings energy the time, take out energy from the secondary coil that is wrapped in as saturated sufficient the opposing party's outer foot portion 54.In addition, when stopping to be wrapped in the electric current that flows in the primary coil of middle foot 53, the secondary coil that will put aside the energy foot 53 from be wrapped in reactor device takes out.At this moment, owing to make the D.C. magnetic field skew use reactor device, so take out the little words of sectional area of foot 53 in a side the sectional area ratio of outer foot portion 55 of the energy be accumulated in reactor device, one side's outer foot portion 55 is very fast saturated or saturated possibility arranged, thereby can not put aside sufficient energy, appearance can not become the problem that is suitable for the reactor device that obtains exporting from the secondary coil of reactor device the unlatching that constitutes a conversion cycle (ス イ Star チ Application グ サ イ Network Le) and two sides when closed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of unlatching that is adapted at a conversion cycle is provided and all can be respectively when closed obtains the reactor device of the energy of ormal weight from first secondary coil and second subprime coil.
Reactor device of the present invention possesses core device 2, is wound in the coil device 3 of core device 2.Core device 2 possesses first foot 4, is configured in second foot 5 and the 3rd foot 6 of the first foot both sides and links the base portion 7 that parallel mutually first foot 4, second foot 5, the 3rd foot 6 that is disposing forms magnetic loop.Coil device 3 possesses the primary coil N that is wound in first foot 4
p, be wound in the first secondary coil N of second foot 5
s, be wound in first foot 4 or the 3rd foot 6 second subprime coil N
fThe sectional area of sectional area ratio the 3rd foot 6 of second foot 5 is little.
To primary coil N
pGalvanization takes place at core device 2 at magnetic flux F1, the F2 that second foot 5 separates with the 3rd foot 6 with base portion 7 by first foot 4.To primary coil N
pDuring the auxiliary voltage, twine from the first secondary coil N
sTake out the first secondary coil N of energy
s Second foot 5 there is no need to put aside energy thereon, so the sectional area of second foot 5 can be 1/2 cross section of first foot 4 and the 3rd foot 6, can realize miniaturization and and reducing cost.The magnetic density relative saturation magnetic density of core device 2 when the 3rd foot 6 of abundant savings energy is put aside energy is very low, stops primary coil N
pIn electric current after, can be from being wound in the second subprime coil N of first foot 4 or the 3rd foot 6
f, take out savings at the energy of core device 2.
At the unlatching of a conversion cycle and the energy that all can be respectively when closed obtains ormal weight from first secondary coil and the second subprime coil of reactor device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the stereogram of reactor device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the exploded perspective view of the reactor device of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view and the chart that shows the H-B characteristic that the core device of coil device has been installed.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram that is suitable for the conversion electric power of reactor device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of first foot of reactor device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows other the sectional view of first foot of example of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the stereogram of use at other examples of the coil rack of reactor device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the sectional view of other examples of coil structure shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 9 is the sectional view of existing reactor device.
Figure 10 is the stereogram of existing core device.
Symbol description: 2... core device, 3... coil device, 4... first foot, 5... second foot, 6... the 3rd foot, 7... base portion, N
p... primary coil, N
s... first secondary coil, N
f... second subprime coil, 11... small bore portion, 20... interior void, 21... inboard cylinder portion, 22... first coil rack, 25... second coil rack, 26... sidepiece cavity, 27... sidepiece tube portion, 28... tertiary coil skeleton, 30... gap, 31... magnetic, 32... recess, 34... sidepiece cavity.
Embodiment
The execution mode of the reactor device that below just the present invention relates to describes with Fig. 1~Fig. 6.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the reactor device of the present invention's one example.As shown in the figure, this reactor device possesses mutual parellel arranged first foot 4, second foot 5, the 3rd foot 6 and they are linked and forms the base portion 7 of magnetic loop.Coil device 3 possesses the primary coil N that is wound in first foot 4
p, be wound in the first secondary coil N of second foot 5
s, be wound in the second subprime coil N of first foot 4 or the 3rd foot 6
f Second foot 5 possesses the small bore portion 11 littler than the sectional area of the 3rd foot 6.Figure 4 shows that the equivalent electric circuit 1 and the circuit that is applicable to conversion (the ス イ Star チ Application グ) power supply of the equivalent electric circuit of reactor device of the reactor device that the present invention relates to.
As first foot 4 of main foot, be wound in the primary coil N of first foot 4
p, as saturated sufficient second foot 5, be wound in the first secondary coil N of second foot 5
sAnd base portion 7 constitutes main transformer T1, first foot 4, is wound in the primary coil N of first foot 4
pWith second subprime coil (back coupling winding) N
fAnd base portion 7 constitutes feedback transformer T2.On a 50-50 basis, saturable reactor SL is connected to the first secondary coil N side by side
s, the first secondary coil N
sPass through output rectifier diode D with saturable reactor SL
O1With capacitor C
o, load R
oConnect.The second subprime coil is by output rectifier diode D
O2With capacitor C
o, load R
oConnect.Output voltage shown in Figure 4 detects loop 41 and monitors to load R
oOutput voltage, the detection signal of corresponding output voltage outputs to control loop 40 by optical coupler 42, thus, control loop 40 detects the level of the detection voltage in loop 41 according to output voltage, can control main switch Q
m, auxiliary switch Q
sThe pulse amplitude of drive signal.
Shown in Figure 1 is the stereogram that comprises the reactor device 1 of main transformer T1 shown in Figure 4 and feedback transformer T2, and exploded perspective view as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 and content shown in Figure 3 are stereogram and the A-A line sectional view of the electrical impedance device of the first embodiment of the present invention with embodiment unshakable in one's determination.The present embodiment electrical impedance device for example has at the middle foot 2 that is made of ferrite core with unshakable in one's determination 1 and a pair of outer foot portion 3,4 of the both sides of foot 2 in being disposed at, and each foot 2,3,4 is the shape that is parallel to each other and disposes.
As shown in Figure 3, be easy to the concentration magnetic flux and cause magnetically saturated small bore portion 11, forms by the notch 10 of the leading section of in opposite directions a pair of each second foot 5, so, on the whole in the formation small bore portion of substantial middle portion 11 of the length direction of second foot 5.By limiting the saturated position of second foot 5, can control the variation in the saturated period that the deviation according to the shape of core device 2 and characteristic produces and the inductance when saturated changes.Because the central portion at the 3rd foot 6 forms gap 12, so by gap 12, give the 3rd foot 6 and be difficult to saturated characteristic for dc magnetization, by magnetic flux in the shunting of the 3rd foot 6, can be in the 6 inner product accumulation of energys of the 3rd foot, can be with the gap of the 3rd foot 6 as primary coil N
pLeakage inductance use.In addition, even if form gap 12 at the 3rd foot 6, but by on gap 12, twining second subprime coil N
f, can reduce magnetic flux, reduce externalities to the reactor device external leakage.
As shown in Figure 2, first coil rack 22 forms the interior void 20 of accommodating first foot 4, and forms winding primary coil N
pInboard cylinder portion 21.That inboard cylinder portion 21 forms is cylindric, twine primary coil N
pIn order on the flange 35 of a side end, stably to dispose reactor device, form bend 36.Second coil rack 25 forms accommodates the sidepiece cavity 26 of second foot 5, and has the winding of formation first secondary coil N
sThe sidepiece tube portion 27 in essentially rectangular cross section, form flange 37 at the both ends of sidepiece tube portion 27.Tertiary coil skeleton 28 forms to accommodate and twines primary coil N
pThe cavity, the outside 23 of inboard cylinder portion 21, and form and twine second subprime coil N
fCylindraceous outer side tube part 24.Twine primary coil N
p First coil rack 22 inboard cylinder portion 21 and twine second subprime coil N
fThe outer side tube part 24 of second coil rack 25, first foot 4 all is the configuration of concentric shape ground.By first coil rack 22, second coil rack 25 and tertiary coil skeleton 28, can be with the N of primary coil
p, the first secondary coil N
s, second subprime coil N
fReally be configured to the position of regulation.Form circular-arc recess 32 outside on the side tube part 24, configuration magnetic 31 in the recess 32 is wound in first foot, 4 primary coil N so magnetic 31 inserts
pWith second subprime coil N
fBetween.
Twining second subprime coil N
fThe outer side tube part 24 of tertiary coil skeleton 28 form plural recess 32, can be to configuration magnetics 31 in each recess 32.For example, as shown in Figure 6, twining second subprime coil N
fThe same circumference of outer side tube part 24 of tertiary coil skeleton 28 on clinodiagonal on, no more than four recess 32 that forms at interval with the equal angles of 90 degree disposes magnetic 31 respectively, the quantity of the magnetic that inserts by increase and decrease is with leakage inductance L
sWhen being adjusted to the value of regulation, by recess 32 being arranged on 4 places of clinodiagonal, even owing to the reason coil of magnetic expands, but profile is constant big.
At primary coil N
pWith second subprime coil N
fBetween form the gap or set magnetic, the position relation of the machinery by coil rack, according to length, area, the quantity of gap or magnetic, and the voxel of the outside of reactor device between generate resonance current, so can adjust the leakage inductance of stable regulation.In addition, the both ends of side tube part 24 form flange 38 (Fig. 2) respectively outside, and the base 40 that plants as metal a plurality of plugs 39 of lead is housed in the bottom of each flange 38.As shown in Figure 3, primary coil N
pWith 24 of the outer side tube parts of tertiary coil skeleton 28, promptly at the primary coil N that is wound in first foot 4
pWith second subprime coil N
fBetween radially form gap 30 (Fig. 8), primary coil N
pWith feedback winding N
fBetween form suitable leakage inductance L
s, main switch Q
mDuring OFF, with capacitor C
sCan generate resonance current.Replace gap 30, also can be provided with the dividing plate of suitable thickness.In addition, by setting gap 30, make primary coil N
pWith feedback winding N
fBetween parasitic capacity reduce, the effect that reduces noise is arranged.For making the magnetic flux that first foot 4 takes place be diverted to second foot 5 and the 3rd foot 6 substantially equably, the area of core section that makes second foot 5 is 1/2 of first foot 4.In addition, second foot 5 is with the third quadrant action of BH curve shown in Figure 3.As 1, on an equal basis is 1 with the sectional area and the 3rd foot 6 of first foot 4 of the magnetic flux sum of the magnetic flux of second foot 5 and the 3rd foot 6 with the sectional area of the 3rd foot 6 of stored energy.As method for distinguishing,, be wound in the primary coil N of inboard cylinder portion 21 to insulators (figure does not show) such as gap 30 (Fig. 8) configuration insulating papers
pGo up by insulator and twine second subprime coil N
f, perhaps at primary coil N
pWith secondary coil N
fBetween the configuration insulator between the configuration magnetic 31, according to primary coil N
pWith secondary coil N
fBetween thickness, length or the quantity of magnetic 31, gap or insulator of configuration, can adjust leakage inductance L
s
Like this, constitute main transformer T1, become the feedback transformer T2 of the reactor of energy accumulation by first foot 4 and the 3rd foot 6 by first foot 4 and second foot 5.Main transformer T1 is common 1/2, and feedback transformer T2 also may be thought of as on an equal basis, so the transformer and the reactor of relative capacity and general mode forward relatively are 2/3, can realize the miniaturization more than 30%.
Primary coil N
pWith feedback winding N
fBetween form leakage inductance L
s, make itself and capacitor C
sResonance so the surge voltage of feedback transformer T2 tails off, produces the multi-output power supply of a plurality of outputs, and the mutual restriction between output (intersect and regulate) is good.In view of the above, can prevent to improve the increase of controlled required primary side component number, the reduction of parts number, actual installation area and loss is had effect.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, reactor device of the present invention is by constituting by the core device 2 inserted type coil rack with coil device 3, by with primary coil N
pBe wound in first coil rack 22, second subprime coil (feedback winding) N
fBe wrapped in the tertiary coil skeleton 28 that is different from first coil rack 22, with first coil rack, the 22 chimeric tertiary coil skeletons 28 that are assembled into, can be made at primary coil N
pWith second subprime coil N
fBetween have suitable leakage inductance and less parasitic capacitance feedback transformer T2.
By drive signal from control loop 40, main switch Q
mDuring connection, by from DC power supply E
iAnd the primary coil N by main transformer T1
p, leakage inductance L
sAnd main switch Q
mCurrent flowing, by the circulation at primary coil N
pElectric current, in the time of the leakage inductance stored energy, by from DC power supply E
iAnd the primary coil N by feedback transformer T2
p, leakage inductance L
sAnd main switch Q
mResonance current circulation, by circulation at primary coil N
pElectric current to leakage inductance L
sStored energy.Primary coil N
pWhen electric current is connected, the magnetic flux F that first foot 4 takes place is as the H-B chart (A) of Fig. 3 (B) and (C), is split into the magnetic flux F1 of the side by first foot 4, base portion 7 and second foot 5 and the opposing party's by first foot 4, base portion 7 and the 3rd foot 6 magnetic flux F2.By a side's who passes through second foot 5 magnetic flux F1, for output rectifier diode D
O1, the electric current of forward is at the first secondary coil N
sTake place, so, flow through the first secondary coil N
sElectric current, through output rectifier diode D
O1Rectification and when accumulating capacitor Co flows to load R
oBut, for output rectifier diode D
O2, reciprocal electric current is at second subprime coil N
fTake place, so, second subprime coil N
fInterior electric current can not pass through.
In the embodiment of the present invention, to primary coil N
pDuring the auxiliary voltage from the first secondary coil N
sTake out energy, so, the first secondary coil N that there is no need to put aside energy twined
sThe sectional area of second foot 5 be that 1/2 cross section of first foot 4 and the 3rd foot 6 gets final product, can realize miniaturization and and reduce cost.Magnetic density when the 3rd foot 6 of the sufficient energy of savings in core device 2 is put aside energy, the relative saturation magnetic density is very low, stops primary coil N
pElectric current after, can be from being wound in the second subprime coil N of first foot 4 or the 3rd foot 6
fTaking-up is accumulated in the energy of core device 2.
In addition, to the primary coil N that is wound in first foot 4
pDuring galvanization, from second subprime coil N
sTake out the primary coil N of core device 2
pDuring no current, with savings at the energy of core device 2 from second subprime coil N
fTake out, so, can be by the first secondary coil N that is wrapped in second foot 5
sTake out the energy of a circulation that is additional to primary coil with the second subprime coil Nf that is wrapped in first foot 4.
Described execution mode of the present invention can change.For example, also can be with second subprime coil N
fBe not wrapped on first foot 4 but be wrapped on the 3rd foot 6.Also can not make second foot 5 saturated and use.Also can be not in a straight line with first foot 4, second foot 5 and 6 assortments of the 3rd foot, and with the angles of 120 degree on the same circumference or with different angles or three-dimensional assortment on different circumference.
The present invention can also be applicable to conversion electric power except that being applicable to reactor device.
Claims (17)
1. a reactor device is characterized in that, possesses core device and the coil device that is wound in this core device;
Described core device has first foot, be configured in second foot and the 3rd foot of the first foot both sides and link the base portion that be parallel to each other described first foot, second foot, the 3rd foot that are disposing form magnetic loop;
Described coil device has the primary coil that is wound in described first foot, be wound in first secondary coil of described second foot and be wound in the second subprime coil of described first foot or the 3rd foot;
The sectional area of described the 3rd foot of the sectional area ratio of described second foot is little.
2. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the sectional area of described second foot is in 30%~70% scope of described the 3rd foot.
3. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, forms at described second foot to be easy to the concentration magnetic flux and to cause magnetically saturated small bore portion.
4. as each the described reactor device in the claim 1~3, it is characterized in that, be provided with the gap in the part of described the 3rd foot.
5. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described first foot, second foot and base portion, and described first secondary coil that is wound in the primary coil of first foot and is wound in second foot constitute main transformer; Described first foot, the 3rd foot and base portion, and be wound in the primary coil of described first foot and be wound in the second subprime coil of described first foot or the 3rd foot, constitute feedback transformer.
6. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described primary coil and second subprime coil are wound in described first foot;
Described first secondary coil is wound in described second foot;
Take out the energy of a circulation that is attached to described primary coil from described first secondary coil and described second subprime coil.
7. reactor device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the leakage inductance of regulation is given in the gap that forms between described primary coil that is wrapped in described first foot and second subprime coil, generates resonance current.
8. reactor device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, inserts magnetic between primary coil that is wound in described first foot and second subprime coil.
9. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described coil device has:
Formation is accommodated the interior void of described first foot and is formed first coil rack of the inboard cylinder portion of twining described primary coil;
The sidepiece cavity of described second foot is accommodated in formation, and has second coil rack of the sidepiece tube portion of twining described first secondary coil;
The cavity, the outside that formation is accommodated the described inboard cylinder portion of having twined described primary coil, and form the tertiary coil skeleton of the outer side tube part that twines described second subprime coil.
10. reactor device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, with twine described primary coil described first coil rack described inboard cylinder portion and twine the outer side tube part of the described tertiary coil skeleton of described second subprime coil, described first foot all is configured to concentric shape.
11. as claim 9 or 10 described reactor devices, it is characterized in that, at the outer side tube part formation recess of the described tertiary coil skeleton that twines described second subprime coil, at this recess arrangement magnetic.
12. reactor device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the outer side tube part at the described tertiary coil skeleton that twines described second subprime coil forms plural described recess, in each described recess arrangement magnetic.
13. reactor device as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, on the diagonal on the same circumference of the outer side tube part of the described tertiary coil skeleton that twines described second subprime coil, no more than four described recess so that 90 equal angles of spending form has at interval disposed described magnetic respectively.
14. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described coil device has:
The interior void of described first foot is accommodated in formation, and forms first coil rack of the inboard cylinder portion of twining described primary coil;
The sidepiece cavity of described second foot is accommodated in formation, and has second coil rack of the sidepiece tube portion of twining described first secondary coil;
Accommodate the sidepiece cavity of described the 3rd foot with formation, and have the tertiary coil skeleton of the sidepiece tube portion of twining described second subprime coil;
Take out the energy of a circulation from described first secondary coil and described second subprime coil.
15. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described coil device has:
The interior void of described first foot is accommodated in formation, and forms first coil rack of the inboard cylinder portion of twining described primary coil;
Accommodate the sidepiece cavity of described second foot with formation, and have second coil rack of the sidepiece tube portion of twining described first secondary coil;
Insulator on the described primary coil that is wound in described inboard cylinder portion twines described second subprime coil.
16. reactor device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, disposes magnetic between the insulator that is disposed between described primary coil and described secondary coil.
17. reactor device as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, by thickness, length or the quantity of inserting the magnetic between described primary coil and the described secondary coil, adjusts leakage inductance.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003399832A JP4258722B2 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | Reactor device |
JP399832/2003 | 2003-11-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1622234A CN1622234A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
CN1322521C true CN1322521C (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=34724269
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2004100879621A Expired - Fee Related CN1322521C (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-10-27 | Reactor device |
Country Status (2)
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JP (1) | JP4258722B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1322521C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102436907B (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2014-01-01 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Magnetic core for transformer |
TWI536408B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2016-06-01 | 明緯(廣州)電子有限公司 | vertical-type transformer structure |
JP2017126599A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社デンソー | Magnetic circuit component |
JP6684451B2 (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2020-04-22 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Reactor |
KR101883443B1 (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-07-31 | 오성하이텍(주) | Transformer |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4858093A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1989-08-15 | Qualitron, Inc. | Integrated magnetic power converter |
CN2183635Y (en) * | 1994-02-06 | 1994-11-23 | 周世恩 | Reactance startor for multi-function electric motor |
-
2003
- 2003-11-28 JP JP2003399832A patent/JP4258722B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-27 CN CNB2004100879621A patent/CN1322521C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4858093A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1989-08-15 | Qualitron, Inc. | Integrated magnetic power converter |
CN2183635Y (en) * | 1994-02-06 | 1994-11-23 | 周世恩 | Reactance startor for multi-function electric motor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4258722B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
CN1622234A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
JP2005166717A (en) | 2005-06-23 |
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