CN1311963C - 具有不连续内层的层压板材 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在至少包括一系列彼此附着在一起的金属层(3，4)和纤维加强塑料层(6-9)的层板中，设有至少两个不同的层组(1，2)，所述层组之间具有过渡区(12)，并且在所述过渡区(12)处，至少一个内部的层(4，9)是不连续的，而其他所有层(3，6-8)是连续的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种层板，例如层压板材，其至少包括一系列彼此附着的金属层和塑料层，所述塑料层中包含纤维材料并且渗透了塑料。
背景技术
一种上述层板可以从WO-A-9853989中得知，并且被用在例如飞机的蒙皮中。在这种情况下，金属层通常由铝合金构成。塑料层中可以包含例如具有高弹性模量的塑料纤维，这种纤维可以由例如芳纶制成。渗透到纤维中的塑料既可以是热塑性的，也可以是热固性的。
层压板材的优点是可以局部调节强度和刚度特性。作为示例，在出现相对高负载的部位例如门开口周围，可以在层板中添加附加层。通过这种方式，可以适宜地选择各层的尺寸，以实现层板不同区域的逐渐过渡，而不会出现其他情况下会有的应力集中。
这种类型的板材通过缝隙或拼接部而彼此结合，其中，这种类型的板材的边缘相互搭接在一起。然而，NL-C 1015141中所公开的这种搭接会对由这种板材构成的飞机蒙皮本身的连续特性造成突然的外部中断。WO-A-9853989还公开了在板材的各个层之间形成连接，其中使用了单独的连接条(贴合条)。这种类型的连接条也会干扰板材的外部连续特性。此外，出于空气动力学原因，或是出于强度和刚度原因，这种类型的不连续性也是不理想的。
此外，现已知可以将层数不同的不同形式的板材制作为一体，以产生用于飞机不同区域例如负载大小不同的区域中的板材。作为示例，现有包含四个金属层的板材，每个金属层之间分别设有由两个塑料层组成的叠层(Glare3型)。在另一种板材中，使用了三个金属层，金属层之间设有由三个塑料层组成的叠层(Glare4型)。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，在层板中，在由不同成分构成的层组之间提供出平滑的过渡。这个目的可以通过下面的实施来实现，即一种层板，其至少包括一系列彼此附着在一起的连续金属层和连续纤维加强塑料层，设有由所述连续的金属层和塑料层构成的至少两个不同的层组，所述层组之间具有过渡区，其中，在所述过渡区处，至少一个位于内部的层是不连续的，而其他所有层是连续的。在具有不同层组的板材中，在两个层组之间的过渡区处，通常会有突然的厚度变化，但在本发明中，并不必然出现这种现象。
如果使一个或多个层终止于层板内部，则可以获得非常平缓的过渡，从而避免应力集中和出现不理想的动力学效果。
根据本发明的层板可以被以多种不同的方式设计。例如，在任何情况下，均可以有由至少两个纤维加强塑料层组成的叠层设置在相邻的两个金属层之间，其中，该叠层在一个不连续金属层的端部处分开，以使该层组中的塑料层分别位于不连续金属层的两侧。此外，至少一个由纤维加强塑料层组成的层组可以包含一个不连续塑料层。
占主要成分的金属层和纤维加强塑料层的连续特性使得层板的过渡区非常平缓。
根据一个优选实施例，布置在不连续金属层两侧的叠层中的纤维加强塑料层的数量可以与设在不带不连续金属层的区域中的叠层数量不同。作为一个例子，第一层组可以包括三个金属层，金属层之间设有由三个纤维加强塑料层组成的叠层；第二层组包括四个金属层，其中三个金属层是从第一层组连续延伸过来的，一个金属层是不连续的，这四个金属层彼此之间设有由两个纤维加强塑料层组成的叠层，其中，在不连续金属层两侧由塑料层形成的那些叠层中包含一个不连续塑料层和三个从第一层组连续延伸过来的塑料层，这三个塑料层在第一层组中组成了第一叠层；第一层组中还具有由三个塑料层组成的第二叠层，其中包含两个连续延伸到第二层组中的塑料层和一个没有连续延伸到第二层组中的不连续塑料层。这样，可以产生位于Glare3型层板和Glared4型层板之间的过渡区。
根据另一种改型，在第一层组可以具有四个金属层，每两个金属层之间分别延伸着由两个塑料层组成的叠层，第二层组中还可以具有不连续塑料层，以形成由三个塑料层组成的叠层。这样，也可以产生位于Glare3型层板和Glared4型层板之间的过渡区。
附图说明
图1-7中示出了本发明的各种层板。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的一种层板，其包括第一层组1和第二层组2，所述第一层组1和第二层组2之间具有一个过渡区12。第一层组1包括三个金属层3，它们连续延伸到第二层组2中。另外，第二层组2包括不连续金属层4，其没有连续延伸到第一层组1中。
在第一层组1中，两个叠层5容纳在所述金属层3之间，每个叠层5分别包括三个纤维加强塑料层6、7和8。上部叠层5中的上部塑料层8在不连续金属层4上面延伸，上部叠层5中的另外两个塑料层6、7在不连续金属层4下面延伸。一个不连续塑料层9从距不连续金属层4的边缘一定距离处开始延伸，以使上部连续金属层3与不连续金属层4之间的区域中基本上被由塑料层8、9这两个层构成的叠层10填充。
在不连续金属层4与连续金属层3之间，由均为连续形式的两个纤维加强塑料层6、7构成的叠层10设在连续金属层3的直接下面。对于在第二层组2中位于下面的两个连续金属层3来说也是这样，即同样包含由两个连续塑料层6、7构成的叠层10。在第一层组1中与塑料层6、7一起形成了下部叠层5的那个上部塑料层9是不连续的并且没有延伸到第二层组2中。
这些层通过粘结剂而彼此附着在一起，一些粘结剂11可见于限定在不连续层4和9之间的过渡部位中。
第一层组1是所谓的Glare4型层板，第二层组2是所谓的Glare3型层板。所产生的结果是这两种制品之间的非常平缓的过渡，而不形成生应力集中或产生不利于空气动力学的表面。
图2中所示的改型是一种具有四个连续金属层3的层板，这些连续金属层3在第一层组1中被叠层10分隔，每个叠层分别包括两个纤维加强塑料层6、7。所述塑料层6、7连续延伸到第二层组2中，在此，它们形成叠层5的一部分，叠层5由三个塑料叠层成。除了连续层6、7，叠层5还包含不连续塑料层9，以使叠层5包括三个塑料层。
同样，用于将各个层粘结在一起的粘结剂11可以在不连续塑料层之间的过渡部位中看到。这种层板也会在Glare3型层板和Glared4型层板之间形成过渡。
另一种形成在Glare3型层板和Glared4型层板之间的过渡显示于图3中，参看该图中的第二层组2和第一层组1。不连续纤维加强塑料层9没有一直沿不连续金属层4延伸。金属层4上面缺少了不连续塑料层9的区域被填充了粘结剂11。塑料层6至9本身包括渗透了塑料粘结剂的纤维层。
在图4所示的实施例中，在第二层组2中位于叠层13中的塑料层9均为不连续的。在上部金属层3与不连续金属层4之间留下的空间中被填充了粘结剂11。
连续的纤维加强塑料层6、7连续延伸在下部金属层3与不连续金属层4或金属层3的其余部分之间。
在图5所示的改型中，上部金属层3与不连续中间金属层4之间设有一个塑料层，其完全由粘结剂11构成，而没有任何加强纤维。在下部金属层3与不连续金属层4或相邻的上部金属层3的部分之间，叠层10包括两个连续的塑料层6、7，它们由渗透了塑料粘结剂的纤维材料构成。
图6中所示的改型是位于第一层组1中的Glare4型层板与第二层组2中的Glare3型层板之间的另一种过渡结构。叠层13包括位于上部金属层3与不连续金属层4之间的两个不连续纤维加强塑料层9，它们终止于过渡区12，在此，相应金属层之间的空间被填充了粘结剂11。
由连续纤维加强塑料层6、7组成的叠层10是连续的，第一层组1中还包含不连续纤维加强塑料层9。
在图7所示的改型中，第一层组1中设有一个由三个连续纤维加强塑料层6、7、8组成的叠层5。第二层组2中设有一个由两个连续塑料层6、7组成的叠层10以及一个由连续塑料层8和不连续塑料层9组成的叠层5。结合用塑料层与金属层之间留下的空间被填充了粘结剂11。
如这些图中所示，在每个情况下，外侧金属层中的一个可以具有笔直的横截面，另一个外侧金属层在厚度方向上可以呈阶梯状或具有不同厚度。此外，相应的层板可以相对于一条平行于横截面的轴线弯曲，和/或可以垂直于横截面的平面上是笔直的。
所用的金属和塑料可以从各种不同材料中选择。适宜的金属的例子有：铝合金、钢合金、钛合金、铜合金、镁合金。特别地，可以采用铝-铜合金(AA 2000)，铝-锰合金(AA 3000)，铝-镁合金(AA 5000)，铝-锌合金(AA 7000)和铝-镁-硅合金(AA 6000)。
铝-铜合金(AA 2224)、铝-锌合金(AA 7075)和铝-镁-硅合金(AA 6013)是特别优选的。同样优选的是AA 2X24-23和AA7X75-26。如果希望有高抗蚀性，则层板中可以包含AA 50525合金。
适宜的热固性塑料的例子有环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯、乙烯酯和酚酯。适宜的热塑性塑料的例子有多芳基化合物(PAR)、聚砜(PSO)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)或聚苯醚(PEE)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰胺-4，6、聚酮硫醚(PKS)、聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚醚酮(PEKK)和聚醚醚酮(PEKK)。
结合用塑料层可以采用连续纤维形式的加强结构，例如，像前述Glare以及ARALL层板中所采用的材料那样。优选使用S-2玻璃纤维或R-玻璃纤维，它们分别包括大约58-69％重量的SiO2、18-29％重量的Al2O3和7-19％重量的MgO。E-玻璃纤维也适合采用，其包括55％重量的SiO2、15％重量的Al2O3、19％重量的CaO、7％重量的B2O3和3％重量的MgO。一种适宜的芳纶纤维可由聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(polyparaphenylene terephthalamide)制出。
Claims (11)
1.一种层板，其至少包括一系列彼此附着在一起的连续金属层(3，4)和连续纤维加强塑料层(6-9)，设有由所述连续的金属层和塑料层构成的至少两个不同的层组(1，2)，所述层组之间具有过渡区(12)，其特征在于，在所述过渡区(12)处，至少一个位于内部的层(4，9)是不连续的，而其他所有层(3，6-8)是连续的。
2.如权利要求1所述的层板，其特征在于，层板在所述不同的层组(1，2)之间的过渡区处出现厚度变化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的层板，其特征在于，第一层组(1)和第二层组(2)中具有数量不同的层(3，4，6-8)。
4.如权利要求3所述的层板，其特征在于，所述金属层(3，4)中的至少一个是不连续的。
5.如权利要求4所述的层板，其特征在于，在任何情况下，相邻的两个金属层(3)之间均设有由至少两个塑料层(6，8)组成的叠层(5)，该叠层(5)在一个不连续金属层(4)的端部处分开，以使该层组中的塑料层(6-8)延伸到所述不连续金属层(4)的两侧。
6.如权利要求5所述的层板，其特征在于，同设在不带不连续金属层(4)的第一层组(1)中的叠层(5)相比具有不同数量塑料层(8，9；6，7)的叠层(10)安置在不连续金属层(4)的两侧。
7.如权利要求6所述的层板，其特征在于，第一层组(1)包括三个金属层(3)，金属层之间设有由三个塑料层(6-8)组成的叠层(5)；第二层组(2)包括四个金属层(3，4)，其中有三个金属层(3)是从第一层组(1)连续延伸过来的，有一个金属层(4)是不连续的，这四个金属层(3，4)彼此之间分别设有由两个塑料层(6-8)组成的叠层(10)，其中，在不连续金属层(4)两侧由塑料层(6-8)形成的那些叠层(10)中包含一个不连续塑料层(9)和三个从第一层组(1)连续延伸过来的塑料层(6-8)，这三个塑料层(6-8)在第一层组(1)中组成了第一叠层(5)；第一层组(1)中还具有由三个塑料层(6，7，9)组成的第二叠层(5)，其中包含两个连续延伸到第二层组(2)中的塑料层(6，7)和一个没有连续延伸到第二层组(2)中的不连续塑料层(9)。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的层板，其特征在于，所述纤维加强塑料层(6-9)中的至少一个是不连续的。
9.如权利要求8所述的层板，其特征在于，在第一层组(1)具有四个金属层(3)，每两个金属层之间分别延伸着一个由两个塑料层(6，7)组成的叠层(5)，第二层组(2)中还具有不连续塑料层(9)，以形成由三个塑料层(6，7，9)组成的叠层(10)。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的层板，其特征在于，每个层组(1，2)具有相同数量的层(3，4，6-8)，但所述层组(1，2)的结构彼此不同。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的层板，其特征在于，设有至少一个仅包含粘结剂(11)而不带纤维加强结构的层。
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| NL1023811C2 (nl) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-04 | Stork Fokker Aesp Bv | Laminaat met plaatselijke versterking. |
| NL1023854C2 (nl) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-01-11 | Stork Fokker Aesp Bv | Laminaat met vullaag. |
| DK200401225A (da) | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-14 | Lm Glasfiber As | Metode til afskæring af laminatlag, eksempelvis et glasfiber- eller kulfiber-laminatlag i en vindmöllevinge |
| NL1029088C2 (nl) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-21 | Netherlands Inst For Metals Re | Vezel-metaal laminaten en constructies voorzien daarvan. |
| NL1030066C2 (nl) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-03-30 | Gtm Consulting B V | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vormdeel uit een samengesteld materiaal. |
| DE102005060958A1 (de) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-21 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Schutzvorrichtung |
| DE102006023210B4 (de) * | 2006-05-17 | 2012-12-13 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Laminatstruktur, Laminatstruktur und deren Verwendung |
| NL2000100C2 (nl) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-14 | Gtm Consulting B V | Laminaat uit metaalplaten en kunststof. |
| DE102007036510B3 (de) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-01-02 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verbundmaterial |
| JP2012500142A (ja) | 2008-08-18 | 2012-01-05 | プロダクティブ リサーチ エルエルシー． | 形成可能な軽量複合材 |
| ES2733682T3 (es) * | 2009-02-05 | 2019-12-02 | Arkema Inc | Ensamblajes que contienen capas ligantes de polietercetonacetona |
| ES2384920B1 (es) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-05-21 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Pieza de material con una rampa entre dos zonas. |
| EP2246256B1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-10-24 | Eurocopter Deutschland GmbH | Tension-torque-transmission element for a fenestron blade and method for producing it |
| US8556589B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2013-10-15 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Hybrid composite for erosion resistant helicopter blades |
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| EP2536559B1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2016-04-20 | Productive Research LLC. | Formable light weight composite material systems and methods |
| NL2005028C2 (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-09 | Univ Delft Tech | Laminate and airplane provided with such a laminate. |
| KR101093224B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-13 | 주식회사 신영 | 다중결합소재 |
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| US9233526B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2016-01-12 | Productive Research Llc | Composites having improved interlayer adhesion and methods thereof |
| NL2012692B1 (nl) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-07-18 | Fokker Aerostructures Bv | Paneel uit laminaten, alsmede werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan. |
| RU2565215C1 (ru) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-10-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Градиентный металлостеклопластик и изделие, выполненное из него |
| JP6496360B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-04-03 | ファナック株式会社 | 樹脂複合板の製造方法 |
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- 2003-02-13 US US10/504,381 patent/US8216658B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-13 CN CNB038038471A patent/CN1311963C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-13 EP EP20030705502 patent/EP1474287B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US8216658B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| CN1633359A (zh) | 2005-06-29 |
| CA2475799C (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| NL1019957C2 (nl) | 2003-10-03 |
| BR0307590A (pt) | 2005-02-01 |
| JP2005516817A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
| TW200304407A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
| EP1474287B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| CA2475799A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
| US20050089704A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
| JP4291160B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
| RU2323092C2 (ru) | 2008-04-27 |
| AU2003207425A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| BR0307590B1 (pt) | 2013-11-19 |
| WO2003068494A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
| NL1019957A1 (nl) | 2003-08-15 |
| RU2004127226A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
| EP1474287A1 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
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