CN1245075C - Lily cutting flower pretreating liquid and its using method - Google Patents
Lily cutting flower pretreating liquid and its using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1245075C CN1245075C CN 200410009448 CN200410009448A CN1245075C CN 1245075 C CN1245075 C CN 1245075C CN 200410009448 CN200410009448 CN 200410009448 CN 200410009448 A CN200410009448 A CN 200410009448A CN 1245075 C CN1245075 C CN 1245075C
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- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PVRBGBGMDLPYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-benzyl-7h-purine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PVRBGBGMDLPYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003503 cut flower preservation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 3
- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopropene Chemical compound CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000003342 Lilium longiflorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005356 Lilium longiflorum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005969 1-Methyl-cyclopropene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009363 floriculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LZWNCISSBNEUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-yl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(OS(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LZWNCISSBNEUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种百合切花预处液,其特征在于,预处液由8-羟基喹啉、柠檬酸、6-苄基嘌呤、β-胡萝卜素、顺式丙烯基磷酸和曲拉通按比例溶于水制成。使用本发明中的预处液对百合进行处理能够促进花朵充分开放、延长花期。The invention provides a lily cut flower pretreatment solution, which is characterized in that the pretreatment solution consists of 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid, 6-benzylpurine, β-carotene, cis-acryl phosphate and tritonin The ratio is made by dissolving in water. Treating the lily with the pretreatment solution of the present invention can promote full blooming of flowers and prolong the flowering period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cutflower preservation field, relate in particular to lily cut flowers post-harvest fresh-keeping field.
Background technology
Flower industry is one of industry most active in world today's agricultural.At present, global fresh flower is consumed 50,000,000,000 dollars, and wherein cut-flower is 40,000,000,000 dollars.China has become the country of flower planting area maximum in the world, and flower planting area reached 430,000 hm in 2003
2, wherein, the cut-flower cultivated area reaches 2.4 ten thousand hm
2, produce 6700000000 of cut-flowers per year.
China's cut-flower is produced area and is accounted for 30% of world's gross area, but the volume of trade only accounts for 1.3% of world's total trade, this is except the reason of production aspect, the another one main cause is to adopt post-processing technology to fall behind, limit Chinese cut-flower outlet to a great extent, brought enormous economic loss for the cut-flower operator.
The perennial perennial root herbaceous plant of lily (Lilium spp) lilium.Pure white and fragrant with it, very large and graceful flower wins liking of the people of other countries, no matter is to do potted flower or cut-flower, and the sales volume of lily all comes out at the top on International Flower market.In China,, be that indispensable ceremony has long cultivation and applicating history with flower in the wedding because of its implied meaning " life-long happiness and perfect harmony ".Gather too early, flower can not be fully open; The blade yellow comes off, and is that lily cut flowers is adopted the subject matter that occurs in the circulation of back.Can address this problem be the fresh-keeping key of lily cut flowers.
At present, for the research of cutflower preservation aspect, mainly on liquid for immersing in bottle, if any report 1-MCP (Wang Yuehua, 2003, the effect that the 1-methyl cyclopropene is fresh-keeping to lily cut flowers.The Anhui agriculture, 31 (2): 203-204), 6-BA and VC (Zhao Mingde, 2003, the physiological effect during 6-BA and VC insert the lily cut flowers bottle.Northwest agricultural journal, 12 (2): 122-125) bottle that has all increased lily cut flowers is inserted the life-span.Sucrose, bactericide (8-HQS), ethylene inhibitor (AgNO
3) be used (Ye Mingqin, 2001, different antistaling agents are to the fresh-keeping effect of Lilium longiflorum cut-flower.The Guangxi agricultural science, (4): 180-182) also played certain effect to lily is fresh-keeping.But these researchs have found that just a certain medicament has produced active influence as the liquid for immersing in bottle composition to some physical signs of lily cut flowers, and more deep or more comprehensively systematic research yet there are no report, more do not have to occur as the lily cut flowers antistaling agent that pre-place liquid uses.May be because a very complicated problem of cutflower preservation research, relate to moisture absorption, energy supply, disinfection, growth regulating and with the interaction of envirment factor such as temperature, humidity and illumination etc., in addition, how solving multiple effective agent, to coexist as pre-place this common system of liquid also be difficult problem.This research be more than ten years lily cut flowers is bloomed and the basis of old and feeble mechanism research on, after having grasped lily cut flowers opening and senescence characteristics, determined the main component of antistaling agent, the concentration screening of the various compositions of antistaling agent is the optimum organization that obtains by orthogonal experiment.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above that exist in the lily post-harvest fresh-keeping, cause on the former gene basis of lily cut flowers circulation loss in abundant research, the invention provides and a kind ofly can promote that flower is fully open, the pre-place liquid of kind of blooming period prolonging.
The invention provides a kind of lily cut flowers and locate liquid in advance, it is characterized in that, locate in advance to make by oxine, citric acid, 6-benzyl purine, beta carotene, cis acrylic phosphoric acid and TritonX are water-soluble in proportion in the liquid.
Each composition consumption is as follows in the described pre-place liquid: following compositions concentration is respectively by weight percentage: oxine 0.4%-1.2%, citric acid 0.6%-1.8%, 6-benzyl purine 0.08%-0.16%, beta carotene 0.05%-0.15%, cis acrylic phosphoric acid 0.01%-0.03%; Percentage meter by volume, the concentration of TritonX is 0.2%-0.6%.Specifically, each composition consumption is as follows in the described pre-place liquid: following compositions concentration is respectively by weight percentage: oxine 0.8%, citric acid 1.2%, 6-benzyl purine 0.12%, beta carotene 0.1%, cis acrylic phosphoric acid 0.02%; By volume the concentration of percentage meter TritonX is 0.4%.
The present invention also provides a kind of compound method of above-mentioned cutting flower pretreating liquid, it is characterized in that, as follows preparation:
(1) citric acid is dissolved in 500 ml waters fully, adds oxine then, and stirring is fully dissolved it;
(2) adding cis-acrylic phosphoric acid and stirring make abundant dissolving, and this is a solution 1;
(3) the 6-benzyl purine is joined in 50 milliliters of glacial acetic acid, and stir it is fully dissolved, this is a solution 2;
(4) solution 2 is poured in the solution 1 into mixing;
(5) add beta carotene then;
(6) add TritonX at last, and stirring gets final product its mixing.
The present invention also provides a kind of using method of above-mentioned cutting flower pretreating liquid, it is characterized in that, after described pre-place liquid adds sucrose before use, cut-flower is handled again.
In each composition of above-mentioned prescription, sucrose is the cut-flower required source of nutrition of blooming, and can promote the petal elongation, promotes the water balance and the osmotic potential of flower, keeps pattern bright-coloured.But sucrose concentration needs specifically to determine according to different cut-flower kinds, if incorrect easy the generations sugar of consumption injures, causes the flower blade burn etc. that fades.Oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline 8-HQ) is a kind of antibacterial agent, easily combines with metal, seizes iron and copper ion in the bacterium, and the tool antibacterial action.The 6-benzyl purine is a plant growth regulator, can prevent the cauline leaf yellow, promotes the suction of flower material, reduces the susceptibility of cut-flower, the ethene suppressing effect.Beta carotene, directly or by enzymatic with superoxide radical or hydroperoxidation, the superoxide radical scavenger, the raising stress tolerance delays senility.Cis-acrylic phosphoric acid is a kind of ethylene action inhibitor.TritonX (X-100) is a kind of surfactant, promotes the flower material to absorb moisture.Citric acid reduces pH, regulates the cut-flower physiological metabolism, and other composition fully is dissolved in together.
Pre-place of the present invention liquid according to lily the senescence characteristics of blooming, with ethylene inhibitor, plant growth regulator, bactericide etc. is base stock, formulated with scientific method, have the old and feeble functions of hormones of acid-base value, antagonism regulated in the plant corpus, sterilization or antibiotic, delay floral leaf and fade, replenish sugared source, improve effect such as water balance, handle the back to promoting that flower is fully open, remarkable result all being arranged during the prolongation blossom etc. through a large number of experiments show that pre-place of the present invention liquid.
The explanation of nouns that specification of the present invention occurs is as follows:
Cut-flower: broad sense is to shear the general designation of specializing in flower arrangement and the branch used of Floriculture Design, leaf, Hua Heguo on the live body plant.Narrow sense be meant shear from flowering to certain stage, have a stripped spray of necessarily viewing and admiring the time limit.If the present invention does not particularly point out, cut-flower is all got broad sense.
Cut-flower is adopted the back circulation: each intermediate links that insert to consumer's bottle the back of gathering generally comprise links such as classification arrangement, wrapping, preliminary treatment, packing, storing, sale.
Antistaling agent for cut-flower is in order to regulate the cut-flower Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, to reach artificial adjusting cut-flower and bloom with senescence process, reduce the circulation loss, improve the circulation quality or view and admire the chemical agent of purposes such as quality.Antistaling agent can be divided into pre-place liquid, flower forcing liquid and liquid for immersing in bottle according to purposes.
Pre-place liquid, claim pulse liquid again, handle for the first time generally is to handle within cut-flower was gathered back 24 hours, being the grower gathers before the back sells at cut-flower, or the consolidator behind the consolidating the load before the transportation, carries out the processing of short time in conjunction with rehydration from grower's hand, its effect can be extended to the consumer with till cut-flowers in bottle is in the water always, main purpose is to reduce the loss that storing waits each intermediate links, improves the circulation quality, prolongs bottle and inserts the life-span.Pre-place liquid is to develop according to the characteristic of different cut-flowers, all is special-purpose generally, can not use with.
Liquid for immersing in bottle is to improve the cut-flowers in bottle quality, prolongs the antistaling agent that bottle is inserted the life-span.1. liquid for immersing in bottle was usually used in retail shop before cut-flower is sold, or 2. the consumer joins it in water of flower arrangement, used continuously, lost ornamental value until cut-flower.Liquid for immersing in bottle is generally used by florist's shop or consumer, and the flower amount that these florist's shops or consumer's bottle are inserted is few, and kind is assorted, so liquid for immersing in bottle is developed at the cut-flower general character, usually is general therefore.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in restriction protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Volume is the prescription and the consumption of 1 liter pre-place liquid: oxine 8g, citric acid 12g, 6-benzyl purine 1.2g, beta carotene 1g, cis-acrylic phosphoric acid 0.2g, TritonX 4ml, and preparation as follows:
(1) citric acid is dissolved in 500 milliliters fully, adds oxine then, and stirring is fully dissolved it;
(2) adding cis-acrylic phosphoric acid and stirring make abundant dissolving, and this is a solution 1;
(3) the 6-benzyl purine is joined in 50 milliliters of glacial acetic acid, and stir and to make its dissolving, this is a solution 2;
(4) solution 2 is poured in the solution 1 into mixing;
(5) add beta carotene then;
(6) add TritonX at last, and stirring gets final product its mixing.
Adding sucrose during use in pre-place liquid handles lily.
The oriental hybrid lily cut-flower is cut into angle in water, the stem stalk keeps 60 centimetre lengths.Be divided into 2 groups, one group to now current processing method, promptly adopt 8 ℃ of back normal temperature arrangement classifications 2 hours, normal temperature wrapping 1 hour, precooling 12 hours, packing 2 hours, transportation 4 hours, and bottle is inserted and is observed then.Other one group absorbs pre-place liquid in precooling, locate liquid in advance and absorb to adopt in back 12 hours at cut-flower and handle, and other step and control group are just the same.
After locating liquid in advance and handle through the present invention, the lily cut flowers moisture absorption be improved significantly, anti-ethene injury ability significantly improves, and has avoided occurring in viewing period the phenomenon of withered flower, withered flower bud, views and admires the time ratio control group and prolongs 7 days.
Embodiment 2:
Volume is the prescription and the consumption of 1 liter pre-place liquid: oxine 4g, citric acid 6g, 6-benzyl purine 0.8g, beta carotene 0.5g, cis-acrylic phosphoric acid 0.1g, TritonX 2ml.Adding sucrose during use in pre-place liquid handles lily.
The Asia lily is cut into angle in water, the stem stalk keeps 60 centimetre lengths, is divided into 2 groups, one group of processing method to passing through now, and processing method is with embodiment 1.
After process the present invention locates the liquid processing in advance, view and admire the time ratio control group and prolong 5 days.
Embodiment 3:
Volume is the prescription and the consumption of 1 liter pre-place liquid: oxine 12g, citric acid 18g, 6-benzyl purine 1.6g, beta carotene 1.5g, cis-acrylic phosphoric acid 0.3g, TritonX 6ml.Adding sucrose during use in pre-place liquid handles lily.
Lilium longiflorum is cut into angle in water, be divided into 2 groups, one group of processing method to passing through now, and processing method is with embodiment 1.
After locating liquid in advance and handle through the present invention, the lily cut flowers moisture absorption be improved significantly, anti-ethene injury ability significantly improves, and views and admires the time ratio control group and prolongs 5 days.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of lily cut flowers is located liquid in advance, and its ingredient and proportioning thereof are:
By weight percentage
Oxine 0.4-1.2%
Citric acid 0.6-1.8%
6-benzyl purine 0.08-0.16%
Beta carotene 0.05-0.15%
Cis acrylic phosphoric acid 0.01-0.03%
And the TritonX 0.2-0.6% of percentage meter by volume, surplus is a water.
2, cutting flower pretreating liquid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, each composition consumption is as follows in the described pre-place liquid: following compositions concentration is respectively by weight percentage: oxine 0.8%, citric acid 1.2%, 6-benzyl purine 0.12%, beta carotene 0.1%, cis acrylic phosphoric acid 0.02%; By volume the concentration of percentage meter TritonX is 0.4%.
3, the compound method of cutting flower pretreating liquid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, as follows preparation:
(1) citric acid is dissolved in 500 ml waters fully, adds oxine then, and stirring is fully dissolved it;
(2) adding cis-acrylic phosphoric acid and stirring make abundant dissolving, and this is a solution 1;
(3) the 6-benzyl purine is joined in 50 milliliters of glacial acetic acid, and stir it is fully dissolved, this is a solution 2;
(4) solution 2 is poured in the solution 1 into mixing;
(5) add beta carotene then;
(6) add TritonX at last, and stirring gets final product its mixing.
4, the using method of cutting flower pretreating liquid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after described pre-place liquid adds sucrose before use, cut-flower is handled again.
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CN 200410009448 CN1245075C (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2004-08-19 | Lily cutting flower pretreating liquid and its using method |
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CN 200410009448 CN1245075C (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2004-08-19 | Lily cutting flower pretreating liquid and its using method |
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CN1602686A CN1602686A (en) | 2005-04-06 |
CN1245075C true CN1245075C (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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