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CN1228043A - 切削刀具及其所用的镶装刀片 - Google Patents

切削刀具及其所用的镶装刀片 Download PDF

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CN1228043A
CN1228043A CN97197371A CN97197371A CN1228043A CN 1228043 A CN1228043 A CN 1228043A CN 97197371 A CN97197371 A CN 97197371A CN 97197371 A CN97197371 A CN 97197371A CN 1228043 A CN1228043 A CN 1228043A
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insert chip
insert
cutting edge
edge
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A·沙特兰
Y·梅恩
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Iscar Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/08Rake or top surfaces
    • B23C2200/085Rake or top surfaces discontinuous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B23C2200/126Side or flank surfaces discontinuous stepped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/165Supporting or bottom surfaces with one or more grooves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/205Discontinuous cutting edges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/28Angles
    • B23C2200/284Negative clearance angles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/192Face or end mill with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1924Specified tool shape
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1934Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1942Peripherally spaced tools
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1946Face or end mill
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1952Having peripherally spaced teeth
    • Y10T407/1956Circumferentially staggered
    • Y10T407/1958Plural teeth spaced about a helix
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1952Having peripherally spaced teeth
    • Y10T407/1962Specified tooth shape or spacing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/905Having stepped cutting edges
    • Y10T408/906Axially spaced

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

有刀杆的切削刀具(1A、1B),刀杆上装有多个可拆装的四边形镶装刀片(3、21),刀杆上相邻的镶装刀片部分嵌套以便使镶装刀片安装得更紧凑,因此镶装刀片的工作切削刃重叠以便形成有效的连续切削刃。每个镶装刀片(3、21)有上表面(5)和下表面(7)、与切削刃(14)有关的侧面(9)和一对横向相对侧面(10、11)镶装刀片有分别是上表面和下表面与相对侧面中第一个侧面相交线的上棱边(15)和底棱边(23),至少其中之一与底棱边有关的表面有沿在镶装刀片的底视图中平行于切削刃的假想线相对于上棱边深度变化的凹进部分(17、22),该深度在距上述切削刃最远处为最大深度。

Description

切削刀具及其所用的镶装刀片
本发明的领域
本发明涉及切削刀具,它具有由两个或多个重叠的工作切削刃形成的连续切削刃,本发明也涉及切削刀具所用的四边形镶装刀片。
本发明的背景
在Dotany的美国专利5,083,887中,图示并描述了有一个或多个螺旋槽的立铣刀,螺旋槽上径向安装四边形镶装刀片。沿每个螺旋槽,镶装刀片的配置使镶装刀片的径向上棱边与相邻镶装刀片的径向上棱边重叠,而其工作切削刃轴向重叠以便在切削操作期间形成充分有效的切削刃。
这种类型的立铣刀要求镶装刀片的下表面脱开距其相邻镶装刀片工作切削刃最远的内上角。这样,典型右旋立铣刀上的镶装刀片沿图1和图2(图1和图2与美国专利887中的图1和图3相对应)所示的左旋螺旋槽逐步增大,镶装刀片的下表面脱开距其相邻镶装刀片工作切削刃后端最远的内上角。
相当小直径立铣刀或使用相当大尺寸(相对于立铣刀直径)镶装刀片的立铣刀的有限性所造成的图2中的大镶装间距角A尤其会引起噪音和切削中断。
本发明概要
根据本发明的第一个方面,提供一种带刀杆的切削刀具,其刀杆上至少有两个可拆装的相邻的四边形镶装刀片,每个镶装刀片有上下表面、与工作切削刃有关的侧面和一对横向的相对侧面,镶装刀片有底棱边,底棱边是下表面的有关部分与相对侧面中第一个侧面的相交线,至少下表面的有关部分之一有凹进部分以便相邻镶装刀片的相对侧面中第二个侧面的上部分装入其中,因此相邻镶装刀片的上部分嵌套在其中并且两个镶装刀片的工作切削刃重叠使之成为一条有效的连续切削刃。
相邻镶装刀片侧面的上部分所嵌套部分的大小尤其取决于切削刀具的类型。这样,就径向安装镶装刀片的立铣刀而论,其镶装刀片径向上棱边的内端是嵌套的。与此相对,就拉刀而论,其镶装刀片实际上整个上部分是嵌套的。
本发明利用镶装刀片的凹进部分实现切削刀具上镶装刀片更紧凑的镶装。就上述类型铣刀而论,这样更紧凑的镶装由于镶装间距角较小使镶装刀片的工作切削刃更接近于一条真正的螺旋线,正如申请人共同待审的US08/360,522或对应的WO95/17284中所图示和描述的。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提供一种四边形镶装刀片,其有上、下表面,与切削刃有关的侧面和一对横向的相对侧面,镶装刀片的上棱边和底棱边分别是上述上、下表面与上述相对侧面中第一个侧面的相交线,至少与上述底棱边有关的表面之一有相对于上述上棱边深度变化的凹进部分,深度是指在镶装刀片的底视图中平行于上述切削刃的假想线长度,上述深度在距上述切削刃最远处为最大深度。
借助于本发明,可以使镶装刀片最大限度地紧凑,而不会过度减少镶装刀片下表面的支承面积。
镶装刀片的凹进部分可以或者是位于镶装刀片相对侧面中第一个侧面最低部分的阶梯形,或者是位于镶装刀片下表面的凹槽。凹槽特别适于有斜切削刃的镶装刀片。
位于镶装刀片侧面最低部分的阶梯形凹进部分的规定已在Riviere的美国专利5,147,158中描述,可是,为了在镶装刀片断裂时检查断裂处的位置以便确定裂口,因此镶装刀片的下部分实际上成为一个整体的垫片。
附图的简要描述
为了更好地描述本发明,现参见附图显示在实践中如何本发明:
图1和图2是普通右旋立铣刀的侧视图和正视图,其上的镶装刀片沿左旋螺旋槽逐步增大;
图3是本发明右旋立铣刀的侧视图,其上的镶装刀片沿左旋螺旋槽逐步增大;
图4是图3立铣刀的放大的端视图,图中所示为第一实施例的一对相邻的镶装刀片;
图5是图4的相邻镶装刀片的放大图,该图重叠在镶装刀片的顶视图上;
图6是图3立铣刀的放大端视图,图中所示为第二实施例的一对相邻的镶装刀片;
图7是本发明右旋立铣刀的侧视图,其上的镶装刀片沿右旋螺旋槽逐步向下;
图8至图11分别是图3中立铣刀所用镶装刀片第一实施例的透视图、左视图、底视图和正视图;
图12是图8至图11中镶装刀片沿其凹进部分侧壁在图10所示B向的侧视图;
图13和图14分别是图3中立铣刀所用镶装刀片第二实施例的透视图和底视图;
图15是图13和图14中镶装刀片沿图14中C-C线的横截面图。
优选实施例的详细描述
参见附图,图3至图6所示为右旋立铣刀1A,它包括刀杆2,该刀杆2上装有可拆装的径向安装的右旋铣削镶装刀片3,镶装刀片沿一条或多条左旋螺旋槽逐步向上,切削操作时各条螺旋槽上的镶装刀片分别限定一条有效的连续切削刃,而图7所示为右旋立铣刀1B,其上的镶装刀片沿右旋螺旋槽逐步向下。
图8至图12所示为用在立铣刀1A和1B上的镶装刀片3,其通常为平行四边形并有作为刀片前刀面的上表面5、下表面7、一对较大的相对侧面8和9以及一对较小的相对侧面10和11。镶装刀片3具有与镶装刀片槽相反的几何形状以便装在镶装刀片槽中,镶装刀片槽为申请人的共同待审的专利US08/360,522或其相应的WO95/17284中描述的燕尾式。
镶装刀片3有两条较大的切削刃13和14以及两条较小的棱边15和16,它们分别由较大的相对侧面8和9以及较小的相对侧面10和11与上表面5的相交线形成。两个较小的棱边15和16分别有刮屑部分15A和16A,它们邻接与其有关的较大的切削刃14和13。
如图9至图12所示,较小的侧面10的最低部分10A,其由凹进部分侧壁19和凹进部分顶壁20限定的阶梯形凹进部分17A形成。如图10和图12所示,较小的侧面11的凹进部分17B与凹进部分17A相似。
从图10中容易看出,凹进部分侧壁19沿假想线相对于较小的棱边15深度是变化的,该假想线平行于较大的切削刃14,而相对棱边15深度的变化是从距切削刃14最近的最小距离D1(即,在有关的刮屑部分15A下部)增加至距切削刃14最远处的最大距离D2。如图所示,凹进部分17A在距切削刃14最远处实际上为开口。
从图11中容易看出,凹进部分顶壁20相对于下表面7的高度从距较大的切削刃14最近的最小高度H1(即,在有关的刮屑部分15A下部)增加至距切削刃14最远处的最大高度H2
现在参见图4和图5,镶装刀片3A有凹进部分17A,该凹进部形成在侧面10的最低部分10A中。至少与镶装刀片3A相邻的镶装刀片3B的径向棱边16的刮屑部分16A装入凹进部分17A中。
如上文所述,这种嵌套使相邻镶装刀片更紧凑地镶装。例如,对直径相似并安装相似尺寸镶装刀片的立铣刀,依据本发明申请人的CMK-D40刀具的镶装间距角A为25°,与其对比,申请人普通的ADK-D40刀具的镶装间距角A为45°。
如上文所述,这种较小的镶装间距角实际上使镶装刀片3A和3B的工作切削刃更接近于真正的螺旋线,因此提供一种噪音更小的连续切削。
现在参见图13,除了没有凹进部分17A和17B以外,镶装刀片21与镶装刀片3相似,所以其各处的数字标记不变。如图14所示,镶装刀片21与镶装刀片3不同之处是其下表面7具有一对凹槽22A和22B,凹槽22A和22B分别邻近镶装刀片底棱边23A和23B,底棱边23A和23B是下表面7与较小的侧面10和11的相交线。
凹槽22A和22B的深度和高度是以类似于凹进部分17A和17B的方式变化,因此,一方面,凹槽22A沿假想线相对于较小的棱边15深度逐渐增加,该假想线平行于较大的切削刃14而相对棱边15深度的变化从距切削刃14最近的最小距离D3增加至距切削刃14最远处的最大距离D4(见图14),另一方面,凹槽22A相对于下表面7的高度逐渐增加,也就是从距较大的切削刃14最近的最小高度(在该处相对于下表面7的高度为零)增加至距切削刃14最远处的最大高度H4(见图15)。
现在参见图6,具有在下表面7中形成的凹槽22A的镶装刀片21A其内隐藏相邻的镶装刀片21B的径向棱边16的刮屑部分16A。
而就有限数目实施例所描述的本发明,会适于许多变型,改进和本发明可作的其它应用。
举例来说,凹进部分17A的几何形状可以改变,例如在满足镶装刀片的网状粉末冶金制造工艺或任何其它可能采用的工艺约束的条件下,凹进部分17A可在一端或两端开口或封闭。
此外,镶装刀片通常可以是有四条切削刃的正方形,所以具有四条凹进部分。

Claims (12)

1、一种切削刀具,包括刀杆,该刀杆可拆装地接纳至少两个相邻的四边形镶装刀片,每个镶装刀片有上下表面、与工作切削刃有关的侧面和一对横向的相对侧面,该镶装刀片有底棱边,底棱边由下表面的有关部分与相对侧面中第一个侧面的相交线所限定,至少下表面的有关部分的其中之一有凹进部分,以便相邻镶装刀片的相对侧面中第二个侧面的上部分装入其中,从而相邻镶装刀片的上部分嵌套在其中并且两个镶装刀片的工作切削刃重叠使之成为一条有效的连续切削刃。
2、按权利要求1的切削刀具,其中位于镶装刀片相对侧面中第一个侧面的最低部分的凹进部分为阶梯形。
3、按权利要求1的切削刀具,其中,凹进部分为位于镶装刀片下表面的凹槽。
4、具有按权利要求1的径向安装镶装刀片的铣刀,其中,与镶装刀片相对侧面中第二个侧面有关的径向上棱边的径向内端是嵌套的。
5、按权利要求1中的拉刀,其中,镶装刀片上述侧面中第二个侧面的整个上部分大体是嵌套的。
6、一种四边形镶装刀片,具有上、下表面,与切削刃有关的侧面和一对横向相对侧面,镶装刀片具有上棱边和底棱边,它们分别由上述上、下表面与上述相对侧面中第一个侧面的相交线确定,至少与上述底棱边有关的表面的其中之一有沿在镶装刀片底视图中平行于上述切削刃的假想线相对于上述上棱边深度变化的凹进部分,上述深度在距上述切削刃最远处为最大深度。
7、按权利要求6的镶装刀片,其中,上述深度从距上述切削刃最近的最小深度增加至距其最远处的最大深度。
8、按权利要求6的镶装刀片,其中,位于上述相对侧面中第一个侧面的最低部分的凹进部分为阶梯形,上述凹进部分在镶装刀片的正视图中相对于上述下表面的高度是变化的,由此上述高度在距上述较大的切削刃最远处为最大高度。
9、按权利要求7的镶装刀片,其中,上述凹进部分至少在距上述切削刃最远处是开口的。
10、按权利要求6的镶装刀片,其中所述凹进部分为在上述下表面的凹槽且在镶装刀片通过上述切削刃的横截面图内相对于上述下表面的高度是变化的,由此上述高度在距上述切削刃最远处为最大高度。
11、按权利要求6的可换位镶装刀片。
12、按权利要求6的铣削镶装刀片,其中上述镶装刀片棱边包括邻近上述切削刃的刮屑部分。
CN97197371A 1996-08-22 1997-08-20 切削刀具及其所用的镶装刀片 Pending CN1228043A (zh)

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IL119114 1996-08-22
IL11911496A IL119114A0 (en) 1996-08-22 1996-08-22 Cutting insert

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EP0921882B1 (en) 2001-10-31
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JP2000516154A (ja) 2000-12-05
ZA977257B (en) 1999-02-15
EP0921882A1 (en) 1999-06-16
DE69707895D1 (de) 2001-12-06
IL120814A0 (en) 1997-09-30
PL331463A1 (en) 1999-07-19
AR009295A1 (es) 2000-04-12
CA2262659A1 (en) 1998-02-26
IL128076A0 (en) 1999-11-30
IL128076A (en) 2001-06-14
HU225091B1 (en) 2006-06-28
US5904449A (en) 1999-05-18
KR100465953B1 (ko) 2005-01-13
DE29714939U1 (de) 1997-10-30
AU3782497A (en) 1998-03-06
HUP9904100A2 (hu) 2000-04-28
KR100507824B1 (ko) 2005-08-10
IL119114A0 (en) 1996-11-14
CA2262659C (en) 2006-01-24
JP3046268U (ja) 1998-03-06
HUP9904100A3 (en) 2000-05-29
NO990752L (no) 1999-02-18
TR199900371T2 (xx) 1999-05-21
ATE207783T1 (de) 2001-11-15
NO990752D0 (no) 1999-02-18
AR009283A1 (es) 2000-04-12
ZA977512B (en) 1999-02-22
KR20000068265A (ko) 2000-11-25
DE69707895T2 (de) 2002-04-25
IL120814A (en) 2000-08-31
KR20000068268A (ko) 2000-11-25
BR9711633A (pt) 1999-08-24
WO1998007541A1 (en) 1998-02-26

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