CN1214626A - 具有透气性梯度的吸湿制品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种吸湿制品,它包括一朝衣着面,其具有一第一透水气区,它确定出约100~2500g/cm2/24hr的水气透过率,和一第二透水气区,它确定出至少约3000g/cm2/24hr的水气透过率。此制品可包括基本上不透液但透水气的底层、与此底层按面对关系定位的透液顶层、位于此底层与顶层间的吸湿体,以及位于此吸湿体与底层之间的但尺寸小于此底层的阻挡层,在此结构下,第一透水气区包括底层的重叠到阻挡层上的部分,而第二透水气区包括底层的延伸到阻挡层外的部分。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及吸收体液与渗出物例如尿液的吸湿制品。更具体地说,本发明涉及这样的吸湿衣着如一次性尿布与成人失禁衣着,它们构制成能在吸收人体排出液的同时减少皮肤的水合作用。
先有技术
在许多已知的尿布结构中,是把吸湿材料设置在透液顶片与不透水气和不透液体的底层之间。这类底层非常适合防止液体废弃物从吸湿材料转移到穿用者的外部衣着上。不幸的是,应用这种不透水气和液体的底层在穿用时会在尿布中形成较高的湿度。这会造成颇高的皮肤水合度,有可能引发尿布性皮疹。
为了减少尿布中的湿度,一直把透气性的聚合物膜用作例如一次性尿布之类的吸湿性衣着的外罩。这种透气性膜通常具有微孔结构来提供所需水平的不透液但可透水气性。另一些一次性尿布设计布置成于尿布的裤口区提供某种程度的透气性。还有一些一次性尿布则设计布置成用其它不透水气底层的透气性片的形式来形成水分转移区,或是采用一些多孔的区域来帮助衣着通风。
传统的吸湿制品例如上述的这些是不能令人完全满意的。例如,应用微孔外罩的吸湿制品在此制品为水湿润时就会带来湿冷的感觉,同时水会通过微孔膜蒸发。这种采用多孔膜或透气片的制品会使液体从制品中大量漏泄,从而有可能过分弄脏穿用者的外部衣着。此外,当这种制品的吸湿材料充满液体后,此湿润的吸湿制品则会阻止湿气从穿用者的皮肤上逸出。这样的吸湿衣着设计一直不能充分地减少穿用者皮肤的水合作用的。结果,穿用者的皮肤仍旧易于引发皮疹、受到摩擦与刺激。
发明概要
为了解决上述种种难点与问题,公开了一种具有透气性梯度的新型吸湿制品。
按照这里所用的,所谓“水分转移”是指尿布在使用于穿着者身上时水蒸气从其内部转移到其外部(周围大气中)。
这里所用的基本不透液材料的结构构成为能提供的水压头至少约60cm,更好是至少约80cm,而最好是至少约100cm。适用来测定这种水压头值的技术是静水压试验,它将于后面详述。
这里所用的基本不透水气材料的结构构成为能提供的水气透过率(WVTR)至少约100g/sq.m/24hr,更好至少约250g/sq.m/24hr,而最好至少约500g/sq.m/24hr。适用来测定WVTR值的技术是WVTR试验,它将于后面详述。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种吸湿制品,它界定出朝衣着面、朝人体面、前腰带段、后腰带段以及将此前后腰带段相互连接的中间段。这种吸湿制品包括一第一透水区,它位于朝衣着面上,并确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr。此吸湿制品还包括一第二透水气区,它位于朝衣着面上,并确定出的水气透过率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr。此第一透水气区可限定出一个至少约为吸湿制品的朝衣着面75%的面积。此第一透水气区还可界定出一个小于吸湿制品宽度的宽度,而前述第二透水气区则可超出第一透水气区,从而在吸湿制品的整个宽度上形成出透气性梯度。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种吸湿制品,它包括的透水气底层具有一第一透水气区,其确定出的水气透过率至少约100g/sq.m/24hr;和一第二透水气区,它确定出的水气透过率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr。此吸湿制品还包括与上述底层成面对关系定位的透液顶层以及一位于此底层与顶层之间的吸湿体。在特定的情形下,此第一透水气区覆盖着吸湿体的衣着一侧的至少约75%。
本发明的又一方面涉及一种吸湿制品,它包括一基本上不透液的而可透水气的底层,其确定出的水气透过率至少约1500g/sq.m/24hr;与此底层成面对关系定位的顶层;以及一位于此底层与顶层之间的吸湿体。此吸湿制品还包括在尺寸上小于上述底层且位于吸湿体与底层之间的透水气的阻挡层。此透水气的阻挡层与透水气的底层相结合确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr。在特定情形下,此基本上不透液的而透水气的底层的结构构成为能提供至少约60cm的水压头。上述透水气的阻挡层则可限定出从约100至约5000g/sq.m/24hr的水气透过率。
本发明有利地提供了一种改进的吸湿制品,它与通常的吸湿制品相比,显著地减少了穿用者皮肤的水合作用。于是,本发明吸湿制品的使用者是可以减少对其皮肤的刺激或使其引发皮疹的。
附图的简要描述
参看下面的详细描述与附图,可较全面地理解本发明以及本发明的其它优点,附图中:
图1示意地表明了依据本发明一实施例的吸湿制品的经部分切除的顶视平面图;和
图2示意地表明了依据本发明第二实施例的吸湿制品的经部分切除的顶视平面图。
实施本发明的最佳方式
下文将在适合婴儿绕其下体所穿用的一次性尿布制品的范围内作详细说明。但立即可以认识到,本发明的这种吸湿制品同样适用于其它类型的吸湿制品,如女性卫生垫、失禁衣着、训练短裤,等等。
参看图1与图2,其中所示的吸湿衣着制品的整体如一次性尿布10一般界定出一前腰带段12、后腰带段14以及一连接此前后腰带段的中间段16。此前与后腰带段包括吸湿制品的结构构制成在使用中基本上分别延伸到使用者的前后腹部区上的一般部分。此制品的中间段则包括制品的结构构制成延伸过穿用者的两腿之间的裤裆区的一般部分。此吸湿制品还包括朝衣着面18与朝人体面19。
该吸湿制品包括一基本上不透液而透水气的底层20、一与底层20成面对关系定位的透液顶层22、以及一位于此底层与顶层之间的吸湿体24例如吸湿垫。吸湿体24与底层20的至少一部分重叠。底层20的长度26和宽度28在本实施例中与尿布10的长度和宽度相一致。吸湿体24的长度30与宽度32则分别短于底层20的长度26与宽度28。尿布10的边缘部分例如底层20的边缘段可以延伸到吸湿体24的终边之外。例如在所示实施例中,底层20延伸到吸湿体24的终边之外,形成了尿布10的侧边34与36和端边38与40。顶层22一般是与底层20共延伸的,但可以有选择地根据需要覆盖一个大于或小于底层20的面积的面积。
此吸湿制品还包括一个低透水气率区60和一个高透水气率区62。例如在所示实施例中,此吸湿制品可包括这样一个低透水气率区60,它沿此制品的纵向中心线58延伸,而其长度64与宽度66小于底层20的长度26与宽度28。在这样的结构下,高透水气率区62一般延伸到低透水气率区60的边缘之外,直到此制品的底层20的最外边缘处,于尿布的全长26和全宽28上提供一种透气性梯度。这些透水气区构形成,在使用中所提高吸湿制品的透气性和减弱对穿用者皮肤的水合作用,不会让尿之类的水气过多地凝聚于底层20的朝衣着面上以致令人讨厌地润湿穿用者的衣服。
为了改进配合性和减少从尿布10上漏泄出的体液,尿布的侧边与端边可以用适当的弹性件如单股或多股弹性带子以弹性化。这种弹性带可由天然或合成橡胶构成,并可加以选择使其成为可热收缩的或热弹性的。弹性件42与44的结构构成为可有效地使尿布10的侧边34与36聚拢和抽褶而提供弹性的腿带,它紧紧地围绕穿用者的腿部配合,用以减少体液的漏泄并改进舒适性与外观。类似地,可以用腰弹性件46与48来使尿布10的端边38与40弹性化而提供弹性的腰带。此腰部弹性件的结构构成为能有效地使腰带段收缩和抽褶,以便围绕穿用者的腰部形成弹性的舒适的紧密配合。在图1与图2中,上述弹性件为醒目起见,表示成在它们的未收缩的伸展状态下。
采用如粘合带50之类的紧固装置的尿布10固定到穿用者身上。也可以采用其它的紧固装置如按纽、销、按扣、钩-环紧固件、蘑菇头-环紧固件,等等。
所示尿布10的实施例包括耳部52,它们沿尿布的横向54侧向延伸,并至少是定位于尿布10的后腰带段14上,耳部也可以设置于尿布的前腰带段12上。上述耳部可与底层20成为整体,或可以包括几个独立的段,它们由于底层20相同或不同的材料构成,且适合装配与接附到底层20之上。耳部52通常为尿布腰带提供了延伸部,适合在使用中完全围绕腰部。
尿布10可有种种合适的外形。例如尿布10可以在整体上取矩形、T字形或近似砂漏形。在所示实施例中,尿布10大致取工字形。可以将其它合适的尿布部并入到本发明的吸湿制品上,这包括保护片、腰片、弹性侧片,等等。
适用于本申请范围的尿布构型以及适用于这类尿布的其它尿布部件的例子,描述在1989年1月17日授予Meyer等的美国专利第4,798,603号;1993年1月5日授予Bernardin的美国专利第5,176,668号;1993年1月5日授予Bruemmer等的美国专利第5,176,672号,1993年3月9日授予Proxmire等的美国专利第5,192,606号;以及1993年7月22日由Hanson等提出的美国专利申请系列No.08/096,654,它们之中所公开的内容在其与本申请相一致的范围内,综合于此作为参考。
尿布10的各个部件采用各种合适的接合方式如粘合、声波结合、热粘合或它们的组合装配成整体。在所示实施例中,例如顶层22与底层20相互装配到一起,并利用热熔体、压敏粘合剂一类粘合剂线道结合到吸湿体24上。类似地,其它尿布部件如弹性件42、44、46与48以及紧固件50则可以采用前面指出的紧固机构组装到尿布制品内。
顶层22如图1与图2所示,适合提供一种顺应、柔和/或和不刺激穿用者皮肤的朝人体面。此外,顶层22的亲水性可比吸湿体24的亲水性要差,以给穿用者提供一较干燥的表面,还可以有足够多的孔隙来透过液体,使液体能迅速透过它的厚度。可以广泛地选择各种织物材料来制造合适的顶层22,例如多孔的泡沫材料、网状泡沫材料、带孔的塑料膜、天然纤维(例如木质或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或是天然与合成纤维的结合物。顶层22适合于用来使穿用者的皮肤与吸湿体24内所保持的液体隔离开。
各种织造和非织造的织物可以用于顶层22。例如此顶层可以包括聚烯烃纤维的熔喷或纺粘织物,也可以包括天然和/或合成纤维组成的粘合粗梳织物。此顶层也可以包括基本上是疏水的材料组成,而这种疏水材料则可有选择地由表面活化剂或用其它方式处理,使其具有所需水平的可润湿性和亲水性。在本发明的一个特殊实施例中,此顶层22包括非织造的纺粘的聚丙烯织物,后者由约2.8~3.2旦尼尔(denier)的纤维形成的织物组成,此织物的基重约22g/m2而密度约0.06g/cm3。此织物由可购自Rohm & Haas Co的商品名为Triton X-102的约0.28%(重量)的表面活化剂进行了表面处理。
尿布10的吸湿体24如图1与2所示,可适当地包括亲水性纤维的基质,如纤维素绒毛混合以周知为超吸湿材料的高吸湿性物质的颗粒。在本发明的一特殊实施例中,吸湿体24包括纤维素绒毛如木浆绒毛基质如超吸湿水凝剂形成颗粒。这种木浆绒毛可由合成的聚合物熔喷纤维更换或为熔喷纤维与天然纤维的结合物更换,上述超吸湿的颗粒可以相当均匀地或不均匀地混合以疏水纤维。或者,吸湿体24可以包括叠层的纤维质织物与超吸湿材料或是其它用来将超吸湿材料保持于局部区域中的适当物质。
吸湿体24可有任意多种形状。例如,这种吸湿芯体可以是矩形、I字形或T字形的,一般,此吸湿体24的中间段最好比尿布10的前或后腰带段较窄。
上述高吸湿性材料可以从天然、合成和改性的天然聚合物与材料中选取。这种高吸湿性材料可以是无机材料如硅胶,或是有机化合物如交联聚合物。术语“交联”一词是指任何能有效地用来将通常的水溶材料变成基本上为水不溶的但可膨胀的方法。这类方法可以包括例如物理缠结、结晶域、共价键、离子络合与缔合、亲水性结合如氢键合以及疏水性结合或由Van der Waals力。
合成的聚合物高吸湿性材料的例子包括聚丙烯酸与聚甲基丙烯酸的碱金属与铵盐、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醚、马来酐与乙烯醚和α-烯烃类的共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯酮、聚乙烯吗啉、以及它们的混合物与共聚物。适用作上述吸湿体的其它聚合物包括天然的聚合物与改性的天然聚合物如水解的丙烯腈接枝的淀粉、丙烯酸接枝淀粉、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素,以及天然胺如海藻胶、Xanthum胶、刺槐头胶,等等。天然的和全部或部分合成的吸湿性聚合物也可以用于本发明。
上述高吸湿材料可以取多种几何构型。一般,这种高吸湿材料最好取离散的颗粒形状,但是,它也可取纤维、片状、棒状、球状、针状,等等形式。普遍的规则是,此种高吸湿材料在吸湿体内存在的量约占吸湿体24总重量中的5~90%。
必要时,可采用一种有显著亲水性的薄包装纸(未示明)来帮助保持吸湿体24的气载纤维质结构的整体性。这种薄的包装纸通常至少是围绕吸湿体的两个相对的主面布置,且包括吸湿性纤维素材料例如皱纹软吸水纸或高湿强度的薄纸。在本发明的一个方面,这种薄的包装纸可取具有抽吸层的结构,以有助于使液体快速地分配到组成此吸湿体的整个吸湿纤维上。
尿布10的底层20如图1与图2中所示意表明的,其包括基本上不透液但基本上可透水气的材料。具体地说,底层20的结构构制成在水静压试验下应能提供的水压头值至少约60cm,更好至少约80cm,而最好是100cm。低于上述水压头值的材料在使用中会出现为尿之类的液体透过的有害结果。这种液体透过的结果在使用时就会在底层20之上产生潮湿阴冷的感觉。底层20的结构还可以构制成可以显著地透过至少是水气,且具有的水气透过率至少约为3000g/sq.m/24hr,而最好是至少约为5000g/sq.m/24hr。水气透过率低于以上所述的材料就不能转移出足够的湿度,结果便会加重皮肤的水合作用程度。
底层20可以包括任何适当的材料,只要它们能直接提供上述水平的不透液和透水气性,或是它们能以某种方式改性或处理来实现上述水平。在某一实施例中,底层20可以由非织造的纤维织物来提供所需水平的不透液性。例如可将纺粘或熔喷聚合物纤维组成的非织造织物有选择地作疏水涂层处理或用不透液的聚合物叠层来形成底层20。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,底层20可包括由随机设置的疏水性热塑熔喷纤维组成的非织造织物,这些纤维被充分地粘合到一起或以其它方式相互连结采提供能显著透水气而基本上不透液的织物。底层20也可包括这样的透水气非织造层,后者业经部分地涂层或以其它方式构制成能在选择的区域上提供不透液性。
适用作底层20的材料例已描述于Bradley等1994年4月5日提交的共同所有且共同未决的美国专利申请系列号第No.08/223,210号中。其它的适用作此底层的材料包括在下述专利中所描述到的:1987年12月15日授予Wang等的美国专利第4,713,068号,1988年7月19日授予Yeo等的美国专利第4,758,239号,1989年4月4日授予Braun等的美国专利第4,818,600号,以及1989年5月9日授予Braun等的美国专利第4,828,556号,它们之中公开的内容在其与本申请相一致的范围内已综合于此作为参考。
吸湿制品的低透水气率区60与高透水气率区62如图1所示,其结构构制成在使用中能提高此制品的透气性而减弱穿用者皮肤的水合作用,不使尿之类的水气过多地凝聚于底层20的朝衣着面上,而润湿穿用者的衣着。高透水气率区62设计成用来能将水气最大限度地从吸湿制品转移出,而低透水气率区60则设计成用来减少水气过多地凝聚于此底层的朝衣着面上的风险同时也仍提供转移至少一定程度的水气。为此,低透水气率区60一般是位于吸湿制品的用来接收和保持绝大部分体渗出物,而高透水气率区62则普遍设置于吸湿制品的侧边与端边处。
高透水气率区62一般是处在尿布10的当此尿布10于穿用者身上就位后能易于将水气从尿布之内转移到尿布之外的区域中。也就是这样一个区域,它上面的水气能从顶层22通过任何中介的材料层转移到透水气的底层20之外。例如,高透水气率区62可以包括顶层22的与透水气的底层22成直接面对面叠置关系的整个区域。低透水气率区60则能在使用中有效地防止液体与过量的水气从尿布内,通过此透水气底层,转移到尿布区中至少是有部分吸湿体24与此底层重叠的那些区域中,例如在尿布10的中间段16处。低透水气率区60也可以防止从尿布内转移大量的水气。在许多情形下,这是所希望的,因为水气经尿布的整个表面大量转移已证明能在尿布的外表面产生湿冷的感觉,而多数顾客对此持否定态度。这样,从尿布内部将水气转移到环境大气中(尿布外部)一般是发生在有较高透水气率区62之中,但也能以有限的程度发生于较低透水气率区60之中。
上述低与高透水气率区位于吸湿制品60之上来提供所需的水气转移。此低与高透水气率区可以具备任意所需的构型,这包括矩形、砂漏形、椭圆形,等等,还可以包括能取间隔形成的经选择的条带或多个区带。例如在所示实施例中,吸湿制品所包括的低透水气率区60具有大致的矩形构型。如图所示,此低透水气率区60沿吸湿制品60的纵向中心线58延伸,所具有的长度64与宽度66则小于底层20的长度26与宽度28。在上述构型下,高透水气率区62一般延伸到低透气率区60的边缘之外,直至此吸湿制品的底层20的最外边缘,由此于尿布的整个长度26与宽度28上形成透气性梯度。此低与高透气率区60与62可以覆盖整个或只是部分底层20。在所示的实施例中,此低与高透气率区覆盖着底层20的整个暴露的或面朝人体面。
上述低与高透气率区可取任意所需尺寸,得以有效地改进水气转移,同时能防止有过量的凝聚的水气从吸湿体24通过并来到底层20的朝衣着面上。在图1所示实施例中,低透水气率区60的长度64基本上同于吸湿体24的长度30,以减少在此区域内有过多的水气凝聚到底层20上的风险。相反,在图2所示实施例中,低透水气率区60的长度64则略小于吸湿体24的长度。在这样的构型下,最好是使低透水气率区60覆盖住至少是吸湿体24在吸湿制品的前段12中的大部分,以便改进其性能。在这两个所示的实施例中,低透水气率区60的宽度66略小于吸湿体24在吸湿制品的中段16中的宽度。但在有需要时,此低透水气率区60可以完全延伸过吸湿体24或此吸湿制品在中间段16的部分。在一个特殊的实施例中,最好是使低透水气率区60所具的长度64至少是吸湿体24的长度30的约75%,而其宽度66则至少是吸湿体24的宽度的约100%,这是相对于吸湿制品的中间段16的最窄部分测量结果而言的。
较低透水气率区60所具的面积一般至少相当于吸湿体24的衣着侧的一部分面积,以有效地防止水气过多地凝聚于底层20的朝衣着面上。例如在适用于体重22~35磅的婴儿的中型尿布上,此较低透水气率区60一般所具的面积至少约200cm2而最好至少约300cm2。低透水气率区60的面积应占尿布10的吸湿体24的衣着侧面积的至少约75%,更好至少是其约90%而最好至少是其约100%。此外,低透水气率区60于尿布10的底层20的总的暴露面积中应至少是其约30%而更好是其至少约50%。例如,较低透水气率区60所具的面积可以是尿布10的底层20总的暴露面积的约30~85%。低透水气率区60的面积较小时,尿布10会使底层20的暴露的朝衣着面凝聚的水气超过允许的量,而在尿布10的外表面造成湿冷感,致多数用户反感。相反,当低透水气率区60的面积太大时,尿布10的水气转移能力就低,造成高程度的皮肤水合作用,刺激皮肤并引发皮疹。
较高透水气率区62所具的面积一般要对应于至少是尿布10的侧边34和36以及端边38和40,得以使水气有效地从尿布的内部转移到环境大气中。例如在适用于体重为22~35磅的婴儿的中型尿布上,高透水气率区62为了改进其性能所具的面积至少约100cm2、更好至少约200cm2而最好约200~约800cm2。理想上,此高透水气率区62合尿布10的底层20的总的暴露面积应至少约为15%,而更好是至少约为30%。例如,此较高透水气率区所具面积可为尿布10的底层20总的暴露面积的约15~70%。当高透水气率区62的面积太小时,尿布10的水气转移水平低,导致刺激皮肤和引发皮疹。相反,当高水气率区62的面积太大,尿布10则会表现出不希望有的过多的水气凝聚。
尿布10的低透水气率区60如图1与图2所示,其结构构制成在水静压试验下能提供至少约60cm的水压头值,更好是至少约80cm而最好至少是约100cm水压头值。水压头值低于上述值时会在使用中导致液体如尿液通过。低透水气率区60的结构还进一步构制成至少是可显著地透过水气,且具有的水气透过率至少约100g/sq.m/24hr,更好是约100~2500g/sq.m/24hr,而最好是约1500~约2000g/sq.m/24hr。申请人发现,当此低透水气率区的水气透过率大于上述各值,就会有过多的水气凝聚于底层的朝衣着面上,导致令人憎恶的湿冷感觉。
尿布10的高透水气率区62如图1与2所示,其结构构制成在水静压试验下能提供的水压头值至少约60cm,更好是至少约80cm,而最好是至少约100cm。低于上述的水压值在使用中会导致尿之类液体浸透的不良结果。高透水气区62的结构还构制成至少能显著地透过水气,并具有水气透过率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr,更好是至少约4000g/sq.m/24hr,而最好是至少约5000g/sq.m/24hr。当水气透过率小于上述值时,此高透水气率区就不能转移足够量的水气,造成高程度的皮肤水合现象的不良后果。
高透水气率区对低透水率区的水气透过率之比可以有选择地控制来提供所需的水分转移同时仍然能防止有过量的水气凝聚。申请人发现,当本发明的吸湿制品具有的高透水气率区62对低透水气率区60的水气透过率之比,至少约为1.1而更好为约2.0~2.5时,能在整个制品上提供的透气性梯度在使用中可减弱皮肤的水合现象。
本发明的吸湿制品的低与高透水气率区可以通过种种方式形成。例如此低与高透水气率区可以是吸湿制品的底层20的整体部分或者可以是叠层或不叠层到底层20上的单独部件。例如具有高水平的透水气率的一部分底层20可以经粘合剂处理或涂层或是以乳胶喷涂,以在选定的部位上形成低透水气率区60。另一种方法是,可将非织造材料或聚合物膜叠层到底层20的一部分上以形成两层复合结构,而由此提供低与高透水气率区60与62。例如可把前述那种用于底层20的非织造材料或是聚合物膜叠层到底层20的选定部分上来形成此低与高透水气率区60与62。这样的膜料是本技术领域的技术人员周知的。这种聚合物膜可固有地具备着所需水平的透水气率或可以包括许多细孔来提所需水平的透水气率同时防止液体渗透。这种非织造的材料或聚合物膜可以设在吸湿体24与底层20之间但不以任何方式直接粘附到底层20之上。或者,也可把上述非织造材料或聚合物膜料粘附到吸湿体的衣着侧上。
在图1与图2所示实施例中,此低与高透水气率区是通过将粘合剂按所需构型涂布到底层20上而形成的。适用的粘合剂包括压敏的热熔粘合剂,这是本技术领域的技术人员所熟知的。特别适合的一种粘合剂可从National Starch Company于商品型号34-5563下购到。这种粘合剂是用隙涂法涂布的。所涂布的粘合剂量可随粘合剂的类型与低透水气率区60的所需液体不透过率和透水气率而变化。业已发现,粘合剂的涂布量为约10~30gsm(g/m2)而最好为约15~25gsm能给低透水气率区60提供所需水平的水气透过率和液体不透过率。
本发明的吸湿制品必要时可将水分转移材料(未示出)设于顶层22与吸湿体24之间或是底层20与吸湿体24之间。这种水分转移材料用来促进尿布内的空气运动。具体地说,假定这种水气转移材料是起到了一种导管作用,使水气能通过它从尿布(使用时)的内部的中间段转移到侧边34与36和端边38与40,而其中的水气可通过透水气的底层20的高透水气率区自尿布内部转移出去。上述水气转移材料可适合由非织造的材料(如纺粘的、熔喷的或粗梳的)、织造的或是由天然纤维和/或合成聚合物纤维构成的针织纤维织物。合用的纤维例如包括丙烯酸纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维或它们的混和物。这种水分转移材料可以由多孔泡沫材料形成,例如开孔式的聚烯烃泡沫料、网状聚氨酯泡沫料,等等。在本发明的又一个方面中,前述水分转移材料包括两或多个独立层依面邻接关系定位的结构。例如,可将2~5个独立层设于顶层与吸湿体之间,共同组成水分转移材料。特别适用作水分转移材料的材料例描述于Menard等于1994年11月23日提交的美国专利中请系列第08/344,429号中,其中所公开的内容在与本申请相一致的范围内已综合于此供参考。
上述水分转移材料可以整个地或部分地延伸到低透水气率区60上。一般,最好是使整个低透水气率区60都由水分转移材料叠盖。这样可以最大限度地转移水分。此外,这种水分转移材料可以完全或部分地延伸到吸湿体24的相邻表面上。这种水分转移材料适合定位到尿布的中间段16上,并基本上相对于尿布的纵中心线58并置地定中。这种水分转移材料可以延伸到底层20的总长26的约35%以上至约100%,而按此尿布中间段16的最窄部分计算,该水分转移材料可以延伸至此尿布宽度的约50%以上至约100%。一般,此水分转移材料最好延伸到至少有部分进入到高透水气率区62中。
试验方法
静水压试验
静水压试验可用来测量材料的液体阻挡性质。一般,此水静压试验测定涉及的材料在预定量的水通过之前此材料将支承的水柱高度。具有较高水压头值的材料表明它与具有较低水压头值的材料相比有着较大的阻挡液体渗透的能力。静水压试验根据方法5514-联邦试验法标准No.1914。
水气透过率
用来测定材料的WVTR(水气透过率)值的合适方法如下。在用于本发明中时,从测试材料并从对比材料[Celguard 2500(HoechstCelanese Corporation)]上切下3英寸直径(76mm)的圆形试样。对每种材料制备两或三个试验。所用的试验杯是浇铸的铝材,带有凸缘,2英寸深并有机械式密封和氯丁橡胶垫圈。这种杯形件由Thwing-AlbertInstrument Company,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,牌号为Vapometer杯#681销售。将100cc的蒸馏水注入各Vapometer杯#681中,并将测试材料与对比材料的每一个试样放置到各个杯整个的敞开顶部区上。柠合式凸缘来形成沿着杯的边缘的密封,留下相关的测试材料或对比材料暴露到环境大气中一个大于62mm直径的圆形面积(一个敞开的约30cm2的暴露面积)。然后将这些杯子称重、置于一盘上,置入一设定于100°F(38℃)的强制通风炉中。此炉为恒温炉,让外部空气循环经过它以防水气聚集于其内。适用的强制通风炉例如是Blue M Electric Co ofBlue Istand,Illinois所销售的Blue M Power-O-Matic60炉。经24小时后,从炉中取出杯子称重。此初始的测试WVTR值计算如下:此炉内的相对温度未进行特别控制。在预定的100°F与环境相对湿度下,对于Celguard 2500的WVTR经测定为5000g/m2/24hr。因此,Celguard2500用作各个测试中的对比试样。Celguard 2500是由微孔聚丙烯组成的0.0025cm厚的膜。
通过下面给出的例子可以更详细地理解本发明。其中的具体材料与参数只是示例性的并非用来具体限制本发明。
例1
制备了可用作吸湿制品如尿布上的底层的材料。这种不透液但可透水气的底层包括纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)的叠层材料,基重约50g/m2(gsm)。这种SMS由熔喷聚丙烯层形成,基重约17gsm,位于两纺粘聚乙烯/聚丙烯层之间,而此每一层的基重约17gsm。这种熔喷与纺粘层由Kimberly-Clark制成。此熔喷层包括高达5%(重量)的聚丁烯,后者可从Shell按商品牌号DP8911购到,其余的聚丙烯则可由Exxon于商品牌号3546G下购到。纺粘层包括高达4%(重量)的浓度为50%TiO2颜料,可自Ampacet于商品牌号Ampacet 41438下购到。这种纺粘层的其余部分则包括3%(重量)的聚乙烯/97%(重量)的聚丙烯共聚物,后者可自Shell于商标牌号6D43下购到。上述熔喷层是由约25~35%(重量)的SMS叠层材料提供。此SMS材料具有的WVTR值约为5000g/m2/24hrs,用来提供约80cm的水压头值。
上述材料经构制成能确定低透水气率和高透水气率区。此低透水气率区是由隙式涂层出基本上具有均匀构型的粘合剂到此材料的表面上形成。此粘合剂可购自National Starch Co.,商品牌号为34-5563,涂布上的不同程度的粘合剂是从0至约25gsm。SMS材料与粘合剂涂层的组合形成的低透水气率区,在粘合剂添加量约5gsm时具有的WVTR约4500g/m2/24hr,在粘合剂添加量约10gsm时具有的WVTR约3100g/m2/24hr,在粘合剂添加量约15gsm时具有的WVTR约2200g/m2/hr,而在粘合剂添加量约20gsm时具有的WVTR约为1100g/m2/24hr。
上面已颇为详细地描述了本发明,本领域技术人员在不偏离本发明的精神下是可以立即了解到它的种种变更与改型的。所有这类变更与改型都应包括在后附权利要求书规定的本发明的范围之内。
Claims (51)
1.一种吸湿制品,它限定出朝衣着面、朝人体面、前腰带段、后腰带段以及连接此前与后腰带段的中间段,此吸湿制品包括:
a)一第一透水气区,它位于上述朝衣着面上,并确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr;和
b)一第二透水气区,它位于上述朝衣着面上,并确定出的水气透过率至少约为3000g/sq.m/24hr。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的水气透过率从约1500至约2000g/sq.m/24hr。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区确定出的水气透过率至少约为4000g/sq.m/24hr。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一与第二透水气率区包括着基本上是所述吸湿制品的整个朝衣着面。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的面积至少约200cm2。
6.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的面积至少约为所述吸湿制品的朝衣着面的30%。
7.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区确定出的面积至少约为100cm2。
8.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区确定出的面积至少约为所述吸湿制品的朝衣着面的约15%。
9.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述吸湿制品定出一纵向中心线而前述第一透水气区即绕此纵向中心线定中并沿其延伸。
10.如权利要求9所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的宽度小于此吸湿制品的宽度,而所述第二透水气率区则延伸到超过该第一透水气区,由此在吸湿制品的全宽上提供了透气性梯度。
11.如权利要求1所述的吸湿制品,其中所述吸湿制品还包括有位于前述朝衣着面与朝人体面之间的吸湿体,且所述第一透水气区覆盖住此吸湿体的衣着侧的至少约75%。
12.如权利要求11所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区覆盖此吸湿体的整个衣着侧。
13.如权利要求11所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的宽度按所述制品的中间段的最窄部分测量,至少约为所述吸湿体的100%。
14.一种吸湿制品,此制品包括:
a)透水气底层,此底层包括的一第一透水气区,其确定出的透水气率至少约100g/sq.m/24hr,和一第二透水气率区,其确定出的透水气率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr;
b)透液体顶层,它与上述底层呈面对关系;和
c)位于上述底层与顶层之间的吸湿体。
15.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层基本上是不透液体的。
16.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层的结构构制成能提供的水压头值至少约60cm。
17.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层的结构构制成能提供的水压头值至少约80cm。
18.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr。
19.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区确定出的水气透过率至少约为4000g/sq.m/24hr。
20.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区确定出的面积是所述底层的朝衣着面的面积的约30%至约85%。
21.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区确定出的面积为所述底层的朝衣着面的面积的至少约15%。
22.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述吸湿制品确定出一纵向中心线而所述第一透水气区则沿此纵向中心线延伸。
23.如权利要求22所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区绕所述纵中心线定中,同时确定出一宽度按所述制品的中间段的最窄部分测量至少是所述吸湿体宽度的100%。
24.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区覆盖住所述吸湿体的衣着侧的至少约75%。
25.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区是由所述透水气底层这样一部分所限定,它叠层在前述吸湿体上;而所述第二透水气区则由所述透水气底层的伸展到所述吸湿体的外周之外的部分所界定。
26.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层包括非织造材料。
27.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层包括纺粘-熔喷-纺粘叠层件。
28.如权利要求14所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层包括外层和小于上述外层的阻挡层,此阻挡层与外层成面对关系定位。
29.如权利要求28所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第一透水气区由包括上述外层与阻挡层的上述底层的一部分来提供。
30.如权利要求28所述的吸湿制品,其中所述第二透水气区由延伸到所述阻挡层之外的前述外层的一部分来提供。
31.如权利要求28所述的吸湿制品,其中所述外层是非织造材料,它确定出的水气透过率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr,且其结构构制成能提供至少约60cm的水压头值。
32.如权利要求28所述的吸湿制品,其中所述阻挡层确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr,且其结构构制成能提供至少约60cm的水压头值。
33.如权利要求28所述的吸湿制品,其中所述阻挡层是涂布到前述外层上的粘合剂涂层,且此阻挡层与外层相组合确定出的水气透过率至少约100g/sq.m/24hr。
34.一种吸湿制品,此制品包括:
a)基本上不透液但透水气的底层,它确定出的水气透过率至少约3000g/sq.m/24hr;
b)与上述底层成面对关系定位的透液顶层;
c)位于上述底层与顶层之间的吸湿体;以及
d)小于上述底层且位于所述吸湿体与底层之间的透水气阻挡层,其中此透水气底层与透水气阻挡层相结合,确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr。
35.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层确定出的水气透过率至少约为4000g/sq.m/24hr。
36.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述基本上不透液但透水气的底层的结构构制成能提供至少约60cm的水压头值。
37.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气的阻挡层确定出的水气透过率从约100至约2500g/sq.m/24hr。
38.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层基本上不透液。
39.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层与透水气阻挡层相结合提供了至少约80cm的水压头值。
40.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层与透水气阻挡层相结合确定的水气透过率从约1500至约2000g/sq.m/24hr。
41.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层与透水气阻挡层相结合提供了至少约100cm的水压头值。
42.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层确定出的面积至少约为所述透水气底层的朝衣着面的面积的30%。
43.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层确定出的面积至少约为200cm2。
44.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层沿所述吸湿制品的纵中心线相对于其长度定中并延伸。
45.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层确定出的宽度基本上等同于所述吸湿体的最窄部分的宽度。
46.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层覆盖着所述吸湿体的衣着侧的至少约75%。
47.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气底层包括非织造材料。
48.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层包括纺粘-熔喷-纺粘叠层件。
49.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层包括非织造材料。
50.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层保持成不粘附于所述透水气底层上的状态。
51.如权利要求34所述的吸湿制品,其中所述透水气阻挡层确定出的宽度至少在此吸湿制品的中间段的一部分上小于所述透水气底层的宽度,由此得以在此底层的全宽上形成透气性梯度。
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US08/622,903 US5879341A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Absorbent article having a breathability gradient |
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CN97193481A Pending CN1214626A (zh) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-14 | 具有透气性梯度的吸湿制品 |
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EP (1) | EP0959840B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4018750B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1214626A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR006269A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU714601C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9708322A (zh) |
CO (1) | CO4780012A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ305498A3 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69734674T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2248845T3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID16370A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL125851A0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ331962A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL186547B1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK132698A3 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199801889T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997036561A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA971653B (zh) |
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-
1996
- 1996-03-29 NZ NZ331962A patent/NZ331962A/xx unknown
- 1996-03-29 US US08/622,903 patent/US5879341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 ZA ZA9701653A patent/ZA971653B/xx unknown
- 1997-03-14 JP JP53528697A patent/JP4018750B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-14 EP EP97917533A patent/EP0959840B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1997-03-14 IL IL12585197A patent/IL125851A0/xx unknown
- 1997-03-14 WO PCT/US1997/004180 patent/WO1997036561A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-14 PL PL97328946A patent/PL186547B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-14 ES ES97917533T patent/ES2248845T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-14 CN CN97193481A patent/CN1214626A/zh active Pending
- 1997-03-14 SK SK1326-98A patent/SK132698A3/sk unknown
- 1997-03-14 DE DE69734674T patent/DE69734674T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-14 BR BR9708322A patent/BR9708322A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-14 TR TR1998/01889T patent/TR199801889T2/xx unknown
- 1997-03-14 CZ CZ983054A patent/CZ305498A3/cs unknown
- 1997-03-14 AU AU25824/97A patent/AU714601C/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-17 ID IDP970864A patent/ID16370A/id unknown
- 1997-03-18 AR ARP970101067A patent/AR006269A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-18 CO CO97014605A patent/CO4780012A1/es unknown
-
1999
- 1999-02-16 US US09/250,204 patent/US6659990B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1311797C (zh) * | 2001-12-20 | 2007-04-25 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 具有插入件的吸收制品、吸收复合物及尿布 |
CN1889906B (zh) * | 2003-12-10 | 2010-12-01 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 具有改善可冲特性的阴唇间吸收性制品 |
CN101460127B (zh) * | 2006-06-07 | 2013-04-03 | 宝洁公司 | 具有多功能密封构件的吸收制品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6659990B1 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
AR006269A1 (es) | 1999-08-11 |
PL328946A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 |
ES2248845T3 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
AU714601B2 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
NZ331962A (en) | 1999-05-28 |
US5879341A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
WO1997036561A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
AU2582497A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
CO4780012A1 (es) | 1999-05-26 |
DE69734674T2 (de) | 2006-06-08 |
JP4018750B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
JP2000508551A (ja) | 2000-07-11 |
TR199801889T2 (xx) | 1998-12-21 |
BR9708322A (pt) | 1999-08-03 |
EP0959840B1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
SK132698A3 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
EP0959840A1 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
PL186547B1 (pl) | 2004-01-30 |
ZA971653B (en) | 1997-08-29 |
AU714601C (en) | 2001-11-08 |
CZ305498A3 (cs) | 1999-01-13 |
DE69734674D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
IL125851A0 (en) | 1999-04-11 |
ID16370A (id) | 1997-09-25 |
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