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CN1202253A - 用于操纵楼房内器具、公用设施及服务的装置 - Google Patents

用于操纵楼房内器具、公用设施及服务的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1202253A
CN1202253A CN96198217A CN96198217A CN1202253A CN 1202253 A CN1202253 A CN 1202253A CN 96198217 A CN96198217 A CN 96198217A CN 96198217 A CN96198217 A CN 96198217A CN 1202253 A CN1202253 A CN 1202253A
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instruction
building
information
microcontroller
interface
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詹姆斯·格雷厄姆·霍奇
菲利普·安德鲁·霍利迪
加里·查尔斯·布里奇曼
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CIC Global LLC
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Southpower Ltd
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    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00028Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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Abstract

一种安装在楼房中的装置(2),它用来操作该楼房中的器具,公用设施和服务,装置(2)利用一中央平台(3)上的微控制器及其相关线路(7)和存储器及其相关软件(30)通过接口线路(11—17)能连接到多个通信媒介体上(由接收装置21—25表示)。微控制器(7)通过通信媒介体连接到一遥控主微处理器上,能对由主微处理器接收来的信息和指令起作用,只要已经编入软件(30)中的程序协议与随信息和指令送出的协议相匹配就行。装置(2)通过合适的接口线路连接到楼房中器具内的电气和电子线路上,然后器具或者可以遥控,或者可以由用户输入装置(8)来控制。

Description

用于操纵楼房内器具,公用设施及服务的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制和操纵楼房内器具,公用设施及服务的装置和方法。更具体说,本发明是通过一个或多个信号输进和输出楼房的装置来进行这种控制和操纵的。本发明还提供一种装置,利用该装置一个或多个服务和物品的供应商可以直接将信息和物品提供给一楼房,或提供各种各样在该楼房内应用的信息。
现有技术
在目前,从远处控制一楼房或一住所内的器具的能力是受到限制的。遥控和监控一个或多个不同的公用设施在范围上也受到限制。
美国专利第4847782号(布朗,Brown)公开了一种能量管理系统,该系统通过多个可供选择的线路(例如,有线电视,电话,无线电)向多个用户单位输送信号。设在每一用户单位的发射-应答器应答这些输送信号,产生相应的信号输送到单位内的电力网络上。然而,通信线路不能平行地使用。
美国专利第44442319号(特雷德尔,Treidl)公开了一种通过内部电力网络控制电器的中央控制装置。控制是以计时的接通/断电的指令形式来进行的,这些指令可以通过电话遥控地进行更改。该发明没有公开多种线路和多种接通可能性。
美国专利第4602340号(阿贝尔伯格,Appelburg)公开了一种在一楼房内配置信息控制和监控系统的系统。但是该系统不是开放式地可接通的,也没有多路通信装置。
另外,对一个楼房业主来说,他不可能快捷地和方便地从一系列某种设施供应商中选取一理想的。而对一个设施供应商来说,他也不可能通过供应渠道或常用邮递方式等之外的方式来通知购买者或客户有关价格变化的情况,使购买者立即可以从价格变化上得到直接的好处。对一顾客来说,他没有什麽可能利用变化的供应价格来选取某一对他有利的设施。
利用电力线作为载体来传输价格信息是可行的,但是,最终用户如果不经常监控和手工输入由一价格结构变到另一价格结构的某种情况,那麽他充分利用所述价格信息或价格变更信息的可能性就要受到限制。
曾试验过一些装置,它们可以利用一台电视来实现对话式应用。但是这在目前需要同时连接电话线和电源线。曾利用家用电脑来进行某些上述操作,但遥控必须通过电话线(调制解调器)来进行。曾经公布过,无线控制有可能作为一种联络通道。“智能”(“Smart”)电话,包括一微控制器,可以用来进行有限量的家庭遥控购物;这还只是试验性的。
所有这些公知的或建议的系统都需要一连接到住所的特殊缆线连接设施,一电源连接设施,以及还需要一封闭的为服务和物品供应商连通其顾客的专有通路。所有都是要处理环境的一个方面和楼房内发生的各种活动。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种装有一微控制器的开放式接通系统(开放式是指非专有的,但在最终使用点还是安全可靠的),用来传送多种信息和指令以便操作楼房内和楼房周围的设备和器具以及作其它用途用;这种信息和指令的传送装置可以由两个或更多交替传送装置(或在两个或更多装置之间分隔)传送到该楼房,其中一个所述传送装置能够不受输送到楼房电源的限制。
本发明另一个目的是提供这样一种系统,该系统不需要在一楼房上或向一楼房附设缆线或线路来实施本发明。
本发明概述
本发明提供一种安装在一楼房中的装置,所述装置能够与多个通信媒介体连接,其特征在于所述装置包括:一微控制器装置;一存储器装置;软件指令;一个或多个接口电路,其中每一个电路能够与一通信媒介体连接;
其特征在于所述装置能够通过一个或多个所述通信媒介体接收和发送控制指令和信息,这样使所述装置能控制,监控和/或操作所述楼房内和其周围的电气线路和电子线络,并通过一个或多个所述通信媒介体回返指令和信息;
所述控制指令是基于所述软件指令和由所述电路接收到的遥控信息和遥控指令;
所述遥控信息和遥控指令只能由一用户输入装置和一个或多个远离所述楼房的主微处理器装置接收。
最好所述通信媒介体至少包括下列之一:连接到所述楼房的电源线;连接到所述楼房的通信线路;其他缆线线路装置(例如,同轴电缆,光纤电缆);电磁波谱上的广播信号(例如,红外线,能由电视天线或卫星接收天线接收的广播信号,无线传输,FM信号);或者上述的任一种组合。
最好至少一个通信媒介体用电缆连接到一对话式器具(用户输入装置)上。
最好传输到微控制器上的指令和信息能够由两个分开的装置运送,尤其是当所述传输是极其重要时,例如信息可以编码形式通过一电源线载体运送,而译码信息标号则由能为,例如,一所述楼房上的电视天线所接收的广播信号来运送。
最好最终用户装置是一仅能由该最终用户控制的装置(例如,它可以作成编码,而编码形式就如同去自动取款机取款时所应用的个人鉴别数码),并可以从下列中选取:字母数字键盘(例如,构成楼房安全系统的一部分);数字键盘;家用电子计算机;对话式电视装置;通过一调制解调器遥控方向;或者上述的任一种组合。
传输到微控制器上的信息和指令最好可以从多个来源中选取,例如各种各样公用设施单位可以提供信息和用户选择范围,物品和服务供应商可以提供信息和遥控购买通道,楼房中的器具可以根据预定的其操作约束条件进行遥控,能源使用可以根据预定的约束条件交替地或开或停;一个或多个公用设施的计量表的读表工作可以遥控地进行;或者上述的任一种组合,既可以一个对一个组合,也可以同时都组合在一起。
本发明还提供一种方法,该方法能控制和/或监控一楼房中和其周围电器线路和电子线路的遥控,能控制进出该楼房的信息流,所述方法包括下列步骤:
为所述微控制器和主微处理器设置程序指令,使所述微控制器根据其所含的指令和仅从所述主微处理器或所述用户输入装置接收到的指令进行运作,为主微处理器设置的所述指令包括那些经常传送一带有通信指令的协议的指令;
根据协议为所述装置设置指令和信息,所有输入的指令和协议在进入根据该输入指令动作的所述装置前需要进行核查;和
其中由所述主微处理器传送到所述微控制器上的任何信息和指令可以从任何来源接收到,只要任何所收到带有所述指令的协议与所述装置和所述主微控制器中的指令和协议兼容就行。
发明简要说明
现结合附图对本发明一最佳实施例做详细说明,该实施例仅是一示例。
图1为本发明一最佳实施例的示意图;
图2为本发明一最佳实施例的结构示意图;
图3为本发明一最佳实施例的软件结构示意图。
发明实施例
参阅图1,图中所示服务装置2与若干器具或通信通路连接,它们之中每一个都使用不同的通信形式或媒介体。
上述服务装置2,器具和系统是设置在一楼房中或其周围和设置在用户住所中的。这种楼房例如是一家用住宅。
服务装置2主要包括一中心工作平台3,该平台包含有一微控制器及其相关电路7,以及存储器及其相关软件30,该平台通过媒介体特定接口与多个媒介体连接。
服务装置2实际上构成了一个通信交换台,利用该交换台下述装置或通信系统就能相互联系,或者彼此联系,或者通过服务器2的存储器30中所设置的应用软件来联系:电话线路21;电视广播接收器22;电力线23;个人用电子计算机24;电视装置顶盒25;硬连线的房内串行总线26(包括:连接到电器设备产品,例如电炊具和热水器上的接口;其它器器具,例如安全装置或火情监测器;以及控制电器设备或其它设备用的用户接口板)。服务装置2也可以作成其结构包括有一串行总线27,该总线与类似于总线26的设备对接,但它利用现存房内电力网络上的编码信号进行工作。服务器2还具有与其它装置或通信系统28连接的能力,例如无线电或红外线路和光纤电缆。服务器2能利用一个或多个这些通信通路来进行工作,这样它就可以利用现存的媒介体,例如电话线路21和电力线23,而不需要附设线路。但它随后可以很容易地扩展,当其它通路或装置,例如电视广播22或个人用电子计算机24可以利用时,就可将它们加入到系统中。
服务器2可以应用来控制房内的器具,例如热水器,厨房烤炉,空间加热器,报警装置(上述各项均未在图中示出),或从住房内控制,或者从远离住房处控制,而且该服务器包括任何一种能由电路控制的器具。就其最简单形式说,服务器2用户终端的形式是一个或多个安装在墙上的、连接到串行总线26/27上的LCD显示器和键板装置8。装置8或每一个装置8可以用个人用电子计算机24来替代或与个人电子计算机配合使用。服务器2能够应用的范围可以举例如下:从一远距离的个人计算机上核查加热炉是否关闭;到达住所前打开一特定的加热器;保安公司检查住所中防盗报警器状态;在一预定时刻打开或关闭一特定加热器;电力事业单位在万一断电时通过电视广播接收器22给服务器2发送信号,使耗电大的项目,例如热水器在电力恢复后一预定的时间内保持关闭状态。
服务器2连续不断地进行运作,致力于楼房内器具和通信的管理。为了保持其商业服务能力,服务器2最好采用16比特的微控制器7,以及256K的RAM和256K的ROM。
但是服务器2并不限于用来控制装置,它还可以作为不同媒介体通路之间的透明线路来使用。例如,一“智能型”的热水器监控器可以将从串行总线26或27发出的电能价格询问信息通过服务装置2经由电话线路21发送到电力事业单位。或者可以采用另一种做法,电力事业单位可以通过一个或多个通信通路,例如电视广播接收器22或电力线调制调节器23定期地发送这些信息;然后这些信息可以由服务器2传送到串行总线26或27上的热水器监控器中。
媒介体特定接口(MSIs)可以包括下列项目:一用于连接电话线路21的调制调节器接口11;一用于连接电视广播接收器22的数据广播接收器12;一用于连接电力线23的电力线载体(PLC)调制调节器接口13;一用于连接个人电子计算机24的串行RS232接口14;一用于连接电视装置顶盒25的串行RS485接口;一用于连接所述硬线连接串行总线26的接口程序和串行总线驱动器16;一用于PLC串行总线27的、组合的PLC调制调节器和接口程序17。服务器2还具有对其他媒介体通路,例如卫星,无线电或红外线路28设置附加接口的能力。各个接口都设计成与适于各媒介体的数据通信方式相匹配。
在实际工作中发现,LON总线作为上述串行总线26和27特别有效,而微处理器接口程序或称MIP作为上述接口程序16和17特别有效。
参阅图2,上述各MSIs的电路都安装在一插板(11-18)上,而插板如图所示则插进平台3扩展槽中之一。因此服务器2可以很容易地随着住所内可采用的通信媒介体和器具的增加而扩展。服务器2电路安装在一壳体6中,该壳体安装在位所内墙或外墙上或内外墙内。壳体6通常都锁紧在关闭的位置,这样只有整个服务装置系统的运行者,例如地方电力事业公司才能开启它。电池组4保证服务器2在断电后仍可运行一段时间,这样就可以使它对断电采取行动,例如通过电话线路21向电力事业公司和保安公司发出警报。连接槽5使各种不同媒介体及其相关电缆能方便地与服务器2进行连接。
参阅图3,图3所示为服务器2的软件结构示意图,它包括:连接上述MSIs(11-16)的线路;一不易失预置软件层43;随机存取存储器(RAM)30,它还包括:一个或多个通信协议块(CPSs)31-36,其数量与连接到服务器2上的不同通信媒介体数量匹配;一通信线路层40;一数据库41;一实时操作系统42,它具有处理多任务能力;各种应用任务44-49。CPSs和任务不限于上述所示数量。
服务器2由于受这个软件的限定而能以这样的方式运作,即通过过滤掉错误的,虚假的,或“非法的”通信信息来保持整个系统的完整性,从而使所有“合法的”通信信息符合一组规定的协议。这一组协议规定了系统内节点或元件寻址的方式,以及信息或数据传输发送或接收的方式。节点包括:服务器2连接的装置,例如在串行总线26或27上的量表读出器电路;一远距离的、公知种类的个人计算机终端;服务器2存储元件区域,例如数据库41或一应用任务44-49。这个系统的优点是,一个节点不需要知道另一个节点具体的位置,而这个很明显是由服务器2来处理的。该系统配置的方式,例如节点的编址或确定是由服务器2来控制的,这样尽管其他人能够使用这个系统,但他们却不可以改动这个系统,除非服务器2允许改动。
每一种媒介体通路都配置有一个CPS(31-36),后者在与各个MSI(11-16)相关连的特定数据格式和为线路层40所使用的通用服务器2数据格式之间提供通路,以便在CPSs(31-36),应用任务(41-49),数据库41和实时操作系统42之间建立联系。各CPS(31-36)提供数据传输速度转换,数据包程序设计,错误检测,目的地/起始点选定路线信息和数据格式转换等功能,这样使得只有合法的传输才被允许进行。
不同媒介体通路的节点可以明显地互相传递信息,或将信息传递到装在服务器2存储器中的应用任务(44-49)。它们还可以服务器2和特定任务(44-49)所限定的方式将数据写入数据库41中,这样,尽管数据库41对这种应用(写入数据)是开放的,但除了按服务器2所限定的方式外是不可能写入数据的。例如,一煤气设施公司可以应用任务44,该任务定期记录下电子式煤气表读数,并将该信息按任务44和服务装置2软件结构所限定的方式储存在数据库41中。然后煤气公司通过,例如电话线路21,调制调节器接口11和CPS31取得这个信息,以便开出帐单。
数据可以由服务装置系统运行者通过任一个可利用的通信媒介体通路下载到服务装置2上。如果数据11具有特别的重要性,或需要保密,或可能改变服务装置2的配置,那麽该数据传递可以通过将所述下载分到两个或更多通路上的方式来实施,这样使一个媒介体通路上的数据解读另一个通路上的数据。
服务装置2的容量可以利用一种支承办公室系统(BOS,backoffice system)而极大地扩展,该系统由服务装置运行者来操作。连接节点的透明线路(Transparent link)为服务装置2提供接触更大量信息的机会,更大量的处理能力。采取通过BOS向服务装置2提供另外通路的方法也能提高服务装置2的通信连接能力。例如,如果电话线路无法运作,那麽就可通过电力线23或电视广播接收器22将指令或查询送出,经由所述BOS而到达服务装置2上。BOS也可用来作为服务装置2和其他服务或信息供应者之间的接口。与BOS组合起来,服务装置2能起到器具运行监控和控制装置的作用;可以对有关这些器具运行状态的信息进行处理并作出反应,或者通过BOS将该信息传递到其它服务供应者上。BOS还可以为服务装置2和其它使用任一种上述通信媒介体的供应者提供安全可靠的通信线路。服务装置2可以和多于一个的BOS组合起来使用。
下面列举出服务装置一些可能的功能,当然所列这些功能是非穷尽性的:
计量表读数自动记录;
远距离地将信息接通到另一服务供应者或远距离地从另一服务供应者取得信息;
内部器具控制;
器具运行故障自动检测;和
遥控房内通信交换台。
在这里,其它服务供应者并不必须只指其它公用事业供应者,服务是指在所有领域提供的服务,例如银行服务等。

Claims (13)

1.一种安装在楼房中的装置,所述装置能连接到多个通信媒介体上,这里所述装置包括:
   一微控制器装置;
   存储器装置;
   软件指令;
一个或多个接口线路,每一线路可以与一通信媒介体连接;
   其中所述装置能够通过一个或多个所述通信媒介体收发控制指令和信息,从而使所述装置能控制,检测和/或操作所述楼房内和楼房周围的电气线路和电子线路,并且通过一个或多个通信媒介体返回信息和指令;和
所述控制指令是基于所述软件指令和由所述线路接收到的遥控信息和遥控指令的;和
所述遥控信息和遥控指令仅能从一用户输入装置和从一个或多个远离所述楼房的主微处理器接收到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于所述通信媒介体是由下列一组中选择的:
连接到所述楼房的电力线;
连接到所述楼房的通信线路;
其他电缆线路装置;
电磁波谱上的广播信号;
或上述的任一种组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于所述广播信号包括下列中的一项或多项:红外线,能由电视天线或卫星接收天线接收的广播信号,无线传输,FM信号。
4.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于传输到微控制器上的指令和信息能够由两个分开的通信媒介体运送。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于所述指令和信息以编码形式由一通信媒介体传输,而解码信息标号由第二通信媒介体传输。
6.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于所述用户输入装置是由所述楼房中的一用户来控制的,并且由仅为所述用户知晓的密码控制,所述用户输入装置由下列一组中选取:字母数字板,数字板,家用电子计算机,对话式电视装置,通过一调制调节器操纵,电话装置;或上述的任一种组合。
7.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于由所述装置控制和检测的所述电力和电子线路包括装入由下列一组选择的器具中的线路:热水器,加热装置,厨房炊具,报警系统,照明,电视,电子计算机,以及任何其它能够由电力或电子线路控制的器具。
8.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于所述微控制器装置是一16比特的微控制器,而所述存储器至少包括有一256K的RAM和一256K的ROM。
9.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于所述接口线路是由下列一组中选择的:
一能够连接到电话线路上的调制调节器接口;
一能够连接到电视广播接收器上的数据广播接收器;
一能够连接到一个或多个电力线上的电力线载体调制调节器;
一能够连接到电子计算机上的串行接口;
一能够连接到一装置顶盒上的串行接口;
一连接到所述电力和电子线路上的接口程序和房内串行总线驱动器;
上述的任何一种组合。
10.根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于所述装置还包括一电池组以便在断电时支持该装置的运行。
11.一种能远距离控制和/或远距离监控一楼房内和其周围电力和电子线路,并能控制信息流进出所述楼房的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
提供安装在所述楼房中的、根据上述任一权利要求所述的装置;
为所述微控制器和主微处理器提供程序指令,使所述微控制器根据其所装有的指令和仅从所述主微处理器或所述用户输入装置接收到的指令运行,所述为主微处理器提供的指令包括那些经常传送一带有通信指令的协议的指令;
根据协议为所述装置设置指令和信息,所有输入的指令和协议在进入根据该输入指令动作的所述装置前需要进行核查;和
由所述主微处理器传送到所述微控制器上的任何信息和指令可以从任何来源接收到,只要任何所收到带有所述指令的协议与所述装置和所述主微控制器中的指令和协议兼容就行。
12.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于用于所述装置的所述程序指令包括:
一个或多个程序接口,一个接口对一个接口线路;
一非易失性预置软件层;和
随机存取存储器,它包括:一个和多个通信协议块,该协议块与传输到所述装置上的媒介体通信的种类数相匹配;
   一通信线路层;
   一数据库;
   一能进行多项任务的实时操作系统;和
   多个应用任务。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法还包括通过附加一支承办公室系统来扩展所述装置的能力,该系统包括一连接于微控制器和所述主微处理器装置之间的线路从而使所述实时操作系统和多个应用任务也能在所述主微处理器中接通。
CN96198217A 1995-10-06 1996-10-04 用于操纵楼房内器具、公用设施及服务的装置 Pending CN1202253A (zh)

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EP0853777A1 (en) 1998-07-22
AU7231296A (en) 1997-04-28
NO981541L (no) 1998-06-02
AU711008B2 (en) 1999-10-07
WO1997013186A1 (en) 1997-04-10

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