CN119253290B - Dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging - Google Patents
Dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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Abstract
本发明提供一种应用于雷达成像的双频带超表面天线阵列，包括：阵列排布的至少一超表面天线单元，其中所述超表面天线单元自上而下设置：超表面层，表面铺设用于激发特征模态的贴片组，贴片组包括铺设呈方形区域的多个正方形贴片以及分置于方形区域的边角位置的多个直角三角形贴片，且至少一正方形贴片上刻蚀有至少一条缝隙；第一介质层；刻蚀有鼓型缝隙的带缝接地板；第二介质层；以及馈电线层，包括长条馈电线以及设置在长条馈电线的顶部的T型功分器，在回波损耗、增益、辐射方向图等方面均表现出色，具有较宽的双频工作带宽和显著的高增益，能满足无线通信、雷达系统和其他高性能信号传输的应用需求。
The present invention provides a dual-band metasurface antenna array for radar imaging, comprising: at least one metasurface antenna unit arranged in an array, wherein the metasurface antenna unit is arranged from top to bottom: a metasurface layer, on the surface of which a patch group for exciting characteristic modes is laid, the patch group comprises a plurality of square patches laid in a square area and a plurality of right-angled triangle patches arranged at the corners of the square area, and at least one square patch is etched with at least one slit; a first dielectric layer; a seamed ground plate etched with a drum-shaped slit; a second dielectric layer; and a feed line layer, comprising a long feed line and a T-type power divider arranged on the top of the long feed line, which performs well in terms of return loss, gain, radiation pattern, etc., has a wide dual-frequency working bandwidth and significantly high gain, and can meet the application requirements of wireless communications, radar systems and other high-performance signal transmissions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antenna design, in particular to a double-frequency-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging.
Background
Antennas are a critical component of a communication system, whose performance directly determines the upper performance limit of the overall communication system. With the rapid development of wireless communication and radio frequency technology, the demands for higher performance, smaller size and more reliable antenna devices are increasing, and the high performance antenna can improve the transmission quality, coverage and data rate of signals, so as to meet the demands of modern communication for high efficiency and high reliability. Therefore, improving the antenna design and improving the performance thereof is an important direction for researching the antenna design technology and the communication technology.
The super-surface antenna is a novel antenna technology and is constructed by a large number of tiny electromagnetic units based on the principle of super-surface. The super-surface antenna has excellent electromagnetic wave regulation and control capability, and can realize characteristics which cannot be realized by the traditional antenna, such as super-high gain, wide frequency band and excellent directivity. By utilizing the characteristic mode analysis, the radiation characteristic and performance parameter of the super-surface antenna can be deeply researched, and the design of a more efficient antenna structure is facilitated, so that the superior performance which cannot be achieved by the traditional antenna is realized. The flexible design of such antennas makes them very promising for a number of application areas, in particular in wireless communication and radar technology.
Although subsurface antennas have many advantages, in practical applications they still face the problem of radiation blind spots in the radiation direction. The ultra-surface antenna is composed of a plurality of tiny units, the phase characteristics of the units can cause phase cancellation in specific directions, the problem causes radiation dead zones in certain specific directions, the signal strength is obviously reduced, the radiation efficiency and the overall performance of the antenna are affected, the phenomenon limits the application of the ultra-surface antenna in high-requirement communication environments, and an effective solution is urgently needed.
In the field of radar communication, multiple operating bands and high gain are key factors to ensure system performance. The multi-working frequency band supports the use of multiple frequency resources, can adapt to different communication requirements, and the high gain ensures the effective transmission of signals in a complex environment. Therefore, aiming at developing a super-surface antenna array with a plurality of working frequency bands and high gain characteristics, the super-surface antenna array becomes an urgent need for improving the performance of a radar communication system, and has important theoretical significance and remarkable practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, which can realize the function of a double-band antenna, solve the problem of radiation dead zone in the main radiation direction, realize good radiation characteristics in the working frequency range, have main lobe with high directivity and high gain and lower side lobe effect, and realize the effect of high gain.
The technical scheme provides a double-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, which comprises at least one super-surface antenna unit in array arrangement, wherein the super-surface antenna unit is arranged from top to bottom, a patch group for exciting a characteristic mode is paved on the surface of the super-surface antenna unit, the patch group comprises a plurality of square patches paved in a square area and a plurality of right-angle triangle patches distributed at the corner positions of the square area, at least one slot is etched on the at least one square patch, a first dielectric layer, a slotted ground plate etched with drum-shaped slots, a second dielectric layer, and a feeder line layer, wherein the feeder line layer comprises a long feeder line and a T-shaped power divider arranged at the top of the long feeder line.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
The dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging solves the problem of radiation blind areas, wherein the super-surface layer changes a surface current distribution path by etching gaps on square patches so as to reconstruct a radiation field, so that radiation 'blank areas' (radiation blind areas) originally formed by unreasonable current distribution in a main radiation direction are improved, the symmetry of a super-surface structure is destroyed by sequencing of different types of square patches, phase interference among the patches is reduced, and the phenomenon of the radiation blind areas in a specific direction is reduced.
The dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging can achieve high gain and good radiation characteristics, wherein the square patch is used for exciting characteristic modes, can accurately excite the characteristic modes which are favorable for achieving good radiation characteristics in a working frequency range, the right-angle triangle patch is used for enhancing surface current, improving antenna directivity and gain, and the special structural design achieves multi-mode excitation, so that radiation energy of the antenna in a specific direction is more concentrated, and the antenna has a main lobe with high directivity and high gain and a lower sidelobe effect.
The dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, designed by the scheme, ensures good signal transmission and coupling, a drum-shaped slot is arranged on a slotted ground plate, the length and other parameter designs can meet the virtual open circuit conditions on two sides, the energy effective coupling from a feeder line of a feeder line layer to the drum-shaped slot is ensured, electromagnetic wave propagation is met, continuity and smooth transition are ensured by the gradual change design of the width of the drum-shaped slot, reflection loss is effectively reduced, the reliability of overall signal transmission is improved, and the feeder line layer is designed with a strip feeder line and a T-shaped power divider, so that dual-frequency characteristics can be realized in two different working frequency bands, and the feeder line can excite electric field distribution of corresponding half wavelength and full wavelength at a specific frequency position, so that the super-surface antenna unit realizes specific dual-frequency band effect, and good performance can be realized in the frequency range. Meanwhile, parameters such as the length of the long-strip feeder line and the length of the T-shaped power divider meet resonance conditions, and the signal transmission effect is further guaranteed.
The super-surface antenna unit and the antenna array of the dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, which are designed by the scheme, are excellent in return loss, gain, radiation pattern and the like, have wider dual-frequency working bandwidth and obvious high gain, and can meet the application requirements of wireless communication, radar systems and other high-performance signal transmission.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface antenna unit of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a feeder layer of a super-surface antenna element of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a super-surface antenna element of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an MS plot of a single subsurface antenna unit in four characteristic modes for a dual band subsurface antenna array for radar imaging in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern before and after optimization of a single super-surface antenna element of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging in four characteristic modes, designed by the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the drum-shaped slot electric field at 7.5GHz,9.0GHz,10.5GHz and 11.5GHz of a single super-surface antenna unit of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of return loss and gain for a single subsurface antenna element of a dual band subsurface antenna array for radar imaging applications, designed in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a subsurface structure of a dual-band subsurface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of return loss and gain of a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a radiation pattern of main polarization and cross polarization of E-plane at 8ghz,11ghz for a dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to the present invention.
In the figure, the structure comprises a 10-super surface layer, a 11-patch group, a 100-square area, a 111-square patch, a 112-right triangle patch, a 20-slotted ground plate, a 21-drum-shaped slot, a 30-feeder layer, a 31-long feeder, a 32-T-shaped power divider, a 40-first dielectric layer and a 50-second dielectric layer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," etc. refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, which is merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as referring to "at least one" or "one or more," i.e., in one embodiment, the number of elements may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of elements may be plural, and the term "a" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
As shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, including:
at least one super-surface antenna unit arranged in an array, wherein the super-surface antenna units are arranged from top to bottom:
The surface layer 10 is paved with a patch group 11 for exciting a characteristic mode, the patch group comprises a plurality of square patches 111 paved in a square area 100 and a plurality of right triangle patches 112 distributed at the corner positions of the square area 100, and at least one slit is etched on at least one square patch 111;
A first dielectric layer 40;
a slotted ground plate 20 etched with a drum-shaped slot 21;
a second dielectric layer 50, and a feeder layer 30 including a long feeder line 31 and a T-shaped power divider 32 disposed on top of the long feeder line 31.
The super surface layer of the double-band super surface antenna array applied to radar imaging, which is provided by the scheme, is used for cutting surface current by etching one or two gaps on the square patch, so that the surface current distribution path of the super surface layer is directly changed, the change of current distribution inevitably leads to the reconstruction of a radiation field, the radiation 'blank area' (namely a radiation blind area) which is possibly formed due to unreasonable current distribution in the main radiation direction is improved through the design of the positions and the quantity of the gaps, and the problem of the radiation blind area in the main radiation direction is further solved. In addition, the patch group is arranged and the vertical analysis is arranged, so that the radiation energy of the antenna in a specific direction is more concentrated, good radiation characteristics are realized in a working frequency range, the main lobe with high directivity and high gain and the lower side lobe effect are realized, and the high gain is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the square area 100 in the present embodiment is a square area, a plurality of square patches 111 are distributed in an array to obtain a square-shaped direction area 100, the square patches 111 are used for exciting a characteristic mode, so that the characteristic mode which is favorable for realizing good radiation characteristics in the working frequency range can be accurately excited, the right-angle triangle patches 112 are used for enhancing the surface current, improving the directivity and the gain of the antenna, the special structural design realizes multi-mode excitation, reduces the radiation blind area phenomenon in the main radiation direction, and realizes the high gain and the stability of the antenna.
The square patch 111 of this scheme is divided into a first square patch without etching a slit, a second square patch with etching a single slit, and a third square patch with etching two slits, wherein the second square patch has a surface current in the X-axis or Y-axis direction, and the third square patch has a surface current in the X-axis direction. The ordering of the patches breaks the symmetry of the super-surface structure, reduces phase interference among the patches, and reduces the phenomenon of radiation blind areas in a specific direction. As shown in fig. 2, P1 is a first square patch, P2 is a second square patch, and P3 is a third square patch.
Specifically, the third square patch is etched with a cross-shaped gap, the second square patch is etched with a gap arranged at the diagonal position or a gap arranged obliquely, the cross-shaped gap is positioned at the middle position of the third square patch and is reserved at the boundary of the third square patch, and the lengths of the transverse gap and the vertical gap of the cross-shaped gap are the same. The second square patch is cut into two right triangles with equal areas by the single slit arranged at the diagonal position, the second square patch is cut into two parts of trapezoids and triangles with unequal areas by the single slit arranged obliquely, and the slit is parallel to the diagonal line of the second square patch.
In some embodiments, the patch group 11 includes 9 square patches 111 arranged in 3*3 arrays, wherein a third square patch is disposed at a position at an upper right corner and a position at a lower right corner of the 3*3 arrays, and a second square patch is disposed at a position at an upper left corner, a position at a lower left corner, a position between an upper right corner and a lower right corner, a position between an upper left corner and an upper right corner, and a position between a lower left corner and a lower right corner of the 3*3 arrays.
Specifically, the square patches 111 positioned at the upper right corner and the lower right corner of the 3*3 array are provided with cross-shaped slits, the square patches 111 positioned at the upper left corner and the lower left corner of the 3*3 array are provided with single slits arranged at diagonal positions, the square patches 111 positioned between the square patches 111 positioned at the upper right corner and the lower right corner are provided with single slits arranged at diagonal positions, the square patches 111 positioned between the square patches 111 positioned at the upper left corner and the upper right corner are provided with single slits arranged at diagonal positions, and the square patches 111 positioned between the square patches 111 positioned at the lower left corner and the lower right corner are provided with single slits arranged at diagonal positions. The square patches 111 at different positions are provided with different types, symmetry of the super-surface antenna array is destroyed, phase interference among the patches is reduced, and radiation blind zone phenomenon in a specific direction is reduced. The surface currents on the patch groups can be adjusted more finely and in a diversified manner, so that the surface currents can be more accurately matched with the requirements of the target characteristic mode when the characteristic mode is excited.
The single slit on the square patch 111 located at the upper left corner is disposed in the upper right to lower left direction, the single slit on the square patch 111 located at the lower right corner is disposed in the upper left to lower right direction, the slit on the square patch 111 located between the square patches 111 at the upper right corner and the lower right corner is disposed in the upper left to lower right direction, the single slit on the square patch 111 located between the square patches 111 at the upper left corner and the upper right corner is disposed in the upper right to lower left direction, and the single slit of the square patch 111 located between the square patches 111 at the lower left corner and the lower right corner is disposed in the upper left to lower right direction.
In order to enhance the surface current of the super surface layer 10 to improve the directivity and gain of the antenna, a plurality of right triangle patches 112 are disposed at the corners of the square area 100 on the patch group 11, and the right triangle patches 112 disposed at the focusing position of the square area 100 additionally generate induced current under the coupling of the square patches 111 in the square area 100. It should be noted that the right triangle patches 112 disposed at the corner positions of the square region 100 form petal-shapes with the square region 100.
The right-angle sides of the right-angle triangle patch 112 of the patch group 11 of this embodiment are disposed parallel to the sides of the diagonal positions of the square area 100, and two right-angle triangle patches 112 are disposed at each diagonal position of the square area 100. Specifically, the patch group 11 of the present embodiment includes 8 right triangle patches 112, and each two right triangle patches 112 are disposed in a diagonal position of the square area 100.
The side length of the square patch 111 in this embodiment is equal to the right-angle side of the right-angle triangle patch 112, and at this time, the right-angle side of the right-angle triangle patch 112 is set in the same axial direction with respect to the side length of the square patch 111 at the diagonal position of the square area 100. In some embodiments, the sides of square patch 111 and the sides of the right angle sides of right angle triangle patch 112 are 7-9 mm.
In addition, the square patches 111 in the patch group 11 and the square patches 111 and the right triangle patches 112 have equal pitches, and in one embodiment, the pitches are 0.7-3.7 mm.
It should be noted that, assuming that the side length of the square patches 111 is a and the spacing between the square patches 111 is b, in order for the patch group 11 to excite the characteristic mode at a specific wavelength, the empirical formula of 3xa+2xb=1.5λ needs to be satisfied. In a specific embodiment, the sides of square patches 111 and the sides of the right angle sides of right angle triangular patches 112 are 9mm, and the spacing between square patches 111 is 0.7mm.
The slotted ground plate 20 of this scheme is used for exciting the electric field mode, further couples super surface layer 10 in order to excite out characteristic mode, in order to guarantee that the antenna has good impedance matching, sets up drum type gap 21 on this slotted ground plate 20 of scheme, and drum type gap 21's length is greater than half wavelength but should not be overlength, can form a complete half-wave period at drum type gap 21's electric field distribution like this, just can satisfy the virtual open circuit condition of both sides, guarantee the energy effective coupling of feeder to drum type gap 21 of feeder layer 30, satisfy electromagnetic wave propagation. In the embodiment of the present solution, the half wavelength of the antenna at the working frequency of 7GHz is 21.4 mm, so the length of the drum-shaped slot 21 is greater than one half wavelength 21.4 mm, and the length of the drum-shaped slot 21 is 23mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the width of the drum-shaped slit 21 of the present embodiment becomes smaller from both sides to the middle side, in other words, the width of both end sides of the drum-shaped slit 21 is larger than the width of the middle side, and the width of both end sides becomes gradually smaller toward the middle side. In some embodiments, the width of the two end sides of the drum-shaped slit 21 gradually decreases in an arc manner to the width of the middle side, thereby ensuring continuity and smooth transition of the drum-shaped slit 21, effectively reducing reflection loss and improving the reliability of overall signal transmission.
In some embodiments, the drum slit 21 of the present solution is a symmetrical structure.
In some embodiments, the width of the drum slit 21 is controlled to be 2-4 mm between 0.01 and 0.1 times the wavelength. In the specific embodiment of the present embodiment, the maximum width of the both end sides of the drum-shaped slit 21 is 3.4mm, and the minimum width of the middle side is 2.5mm.
The feeder layer 30 is used for being connected with an SMA joint to realize the input of a feed signal, and the feeder layer 30 of the scheme is provided with a long-strip feeder 31 used for obtaining the working bandwidth at a low frequency and a T-shaped power divider 32 used for obtaining the working bandwidth at a high frequency, so that the dual-band super-surface antenna array of the scheme can realize dual-frequency characteristics at two different working frequency bands.
Correspondingly, the feeder of the feeder layer 30 of the present embodiment is used to excite the electric field distribution of half wavelength and full wavelength at the drum slit 21 at 7GHz, 9GHz, respectively. Due to the asymmetry of the super surface layer 10, the electric signals of the left and right metal strips of the T-shaped power divider 32 of the feeder layer 30 have hysteresis in a certain frequency range when being fed, meanwhile, the drum-shaped slot 21 can be regarded as a left cavity and a right cavity, the drum-shaped slot at 10.5GHz excites electric field distribution of half wavelength alternating left and right, and the drum-shaped slot at 11.5GHz excites electric field distribution of full wavelength synchronous left and right, which enables the super surface antenna unit of the invention to realize dual-band effects of 7.0-9.1GHz and 10.3-11.9GHz and achieve good performance in the frequency range.
Specifically, the long-strip feeder line 31 of the feeder line layer 30 of the present embodiment is perpendicular to the drum-shaped slot 21 and is located on the central axis of the drum-shaped slot 21, the T-shaped power divider 32 at the top of the long-strip feeder line 31 has two parallel metal strips, and the left and right metal strips of the T-shaped power divider 32 are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the drum-shaped slot 21 and are arranged relative to the slot space of the drum-shaped slot 21.
In some embodiments, the length of the long-strip feeder 31 in the present solution is also greater than one-half wavelength 21.4 mm, so as to satisfy the resonance condition, and the length of the long-strip feeder 31 is greater than the length of the drum-type slot 21, so as to ensure the energy efficient coupling of the antenna element feeder to the drum-type slot. In some embodiments, the length of the long feed line 31 is 30mm.
In some embodiments, the T-shaped power divider 32 has a length of 10-15mm and a range of 10-15mm between the T-shaped power divider 32 for generating resonance at 10-12 GHz. In one embodiment, the length of the T-shaped power divider 32 is 11mm.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 40 is 3-4 times that of the second dielectric layer 50, and in the embodiment of this embodiment, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 40 is 3.04mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric layer 50 is 0.76mm.
In some embodiments, the dielectric materials of the first dielectric layer 40 and the second dielectric layer 50 are Rogers 3003 material with a dielectric constant of 3, and the materials of the super surface layer 10, the slotted ground plane 20 and the feeder layer 30 are metallic copper, so as to improve the radiation performance and stability of the antenna.
The schematic side view of the super-surface antenna unit is shown in fig. 4, where the thickness of the first dielectric layer 40 is much greater than the thickness of the second dielectric layer 50, and the slotted ground plate 20 is positioned between the first dielectric layer 40 and the second dielectric layer 50. The arrangement of the first dielectric layer 40 in this embodiment is used to carry the super surface layer 10 and provide the necessary mechanical support and electrical isolation, and the arrangement of the second dielectric layer 50 is used to carry the feeder layer 20, ensuring the stability and effective connection of the feeder, the feeder of the antenna element feeder layer 30 being coupled to the slotted ground plate 20, exciting a specific half-wavelength or full-wavelength electric field distribution across the drum slot 21 on the slotted ground plate 20.
The dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging comprises super-surface antenna units arranged in an array mode, wherein the distance between the super-surface antenna units is larger than 50mm, mutual coupling between adjacent antenna units is effectively avoided, and therefore radiation characteristics of the array are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 9, in a specific embodiment, a dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging includes super-surface antenna units arranged in a2×2 array, and the spacing between the super-surface antenna units is greater than one half wavelength, so that coupling between the units can be effectively avoided, mutual interference is reduced, and overall performance and radiation efficiency of the antenna array are improved. The array arrangement can realize space multiplexing and multipath propagation of signals, thereby effectively improving the gain and anti-interference capability of the system. The dual-band super-surface antenna array is excellent in practical application, and can meet the strict requirements of high-efficiency communication and radar systems on antenna performance.
In a specific embodiment, the overall length of the dual-band super-surface antenna array is 140mm, the overall width is 120mm, the spacing between the super-surface antenna units is 58mm, the layout can not only obtain high gain, but also effectively realize a MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna system, and the combined design ensures that the antenna array has stronger adaptability and flexibility in modern wireless communication and radar application, and meets the increasing demands on high-performance antennas.
In addition, as shown in fig. 10, when the dual-band super-surface antenna array applied to radar imaging includes super-surface antenna elements arranged in a2×2 array, the feeder layers 30 of the different super-surface antenna elements constitute the feeder layers of the dual-band super-surface antenna array, and at this time, the feeder layers of the dual-band super-surface antenna array include a first impedance matching T-type power divider, a second impedance matching T-type power divider and a third impedance matching T-type power divider, wherein the second impedance matching T-type power divider and the third impedance matching T-type power divider are respectively connected to both end sides of the first impedance matching T-type power divider, the second impedance matching T-type power divider is connected to the elongated feeder lines 31 of the feeder layers 30 of the two super-surface antenna elements on the left side, and the third impedance matching T-type power divider is connected to the elongated feeder lines 31 of the feeder layers 30 of the two super-surface antenna elements on the right side. The design of the scheme can effectively divide the feed signal into four, and can realize synchronous excitation of four antenna units. The design not only ensures the uniform distribution of the feed signals, but also improves the overall performance and the signal transmission efficiency of the antenna array, ensures that all the ultra-surface antenna units can obtain stable and uniform feed signals, and realizes the efficient synchronous feed effect.
The scheme designs a2 x 2 dual-band super-surface antenna array of an embodiment:
The overall length of the dual-band super-surface antenna array is 140mm, the overall width is 120mm, the spacing between the super-surface antenna units is 58mm, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 40 is 3.04mm, the thickness of the second dielectric layer 50 is 0.76mm, the side length of the square patch 111 and the side length of the right angle side of the right-angle triangle patch 112 are 9mm, the spacing is 0.7mm, the length of the drum-shaped slot 21 is 23mm, the maximum width of two sides is 3.4mm, the narrowest width of the center is 2.5mm, the length of the long-strip feed line 31 is 30mm, and the length of the T-shaped power divider 32 is 11mm.
Performance test:
the MS graph under four characteristic modes of a single super-surface antenna unit is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the super-surface antenna unit has good mode significance at 7-9 GHz.
The radiation patterns before and after optimization of the super-surface antenna unit in four characteristic modes are shown in fig. 6, wherein J 01,J02,J03,J04 corresponds to the radiation patterns in four characteristic modes when 7 square patches of the super-surface structure are not cut with vertical slits, and J 11,J12,J13,J14 corresponds to the radiation patterns in four characteristic modes when 7 square patches of the super-surface structure are cut with vertical slits. As shown in fig. 6, when the square patch of the antenna unit hypersurface 6 is not slotted, obvious radiation blind areas appear in the radiation direction in the radiation pattern under four characteristic modes, and after the symmetry of the hypersurface structure is destroyed by loading the hypersurface patch slots, the problem of the radiation blind areas is obviously and obviously improved, which means that the optimized design effectively improves the performance of the antenna in the main radiation direction, so that the antenna is more efficient in practical application.
The schematic diagrams of the electric field distribution of drum-shaped slots of the super-surface antenna unit at 7.5GHz,9.0GHz,10.5GHz and 11.5GHz are shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen that the drum-shaped slots 21 of the feeder line at 7GHz and 9GHz respectively excite the electric field distribution of half wavelength and full wavelength, and the drum-shaped slots 21 of the T-shaped power divider 32 at 10.5GHz and 11.5GHz respectively excite the electric field distribution of alternating half wavelength and superimposed full wavelength.
The return loss and gain of the super-surface antenna unit are shown in fig. 8, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that the impedance bandwidths of the super-surface antenna unit with the return loss smaller than-10 dB of the embodiment of the invention are 7.0-9.1GHz and 10.3-11.9GHz, the relative bandwidths reach 26.1% and 14.4%, and the gains in the working bandwidths are 5.6-9.3dBi and 5.8-7.8dBi, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 11, the echo loss and gain diagrams of the tested dual-band super-surface antenna array are shown in FIG. 11, and the impedance bandwidths of the super-surface antenna array with the echo loss smaller than-10 dB are 7.6-8.6GHz and 10.1-11.6GHz, the relative bandwidths reach 12.4% and 13.9%, the gains in the working bandwidths are respectively 10.0-13.4dBi and 9.0-11.5dBi, and the low-frequency working bandwidths are narrowed because the wavelengths of the low-frequency bands are longer, and the super-surface antenna units still have certain coupling, but the super-surface antenna array still has wider dual-frequency working bandwidths and remarkable high gains, and can meet the application requirements of wireless communication, radar systems and other high-performance signal transmission.
The E-plane main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns of the tested dual-band super-surface antenna array at 8GHz and 11GHz are shown in fig. 12, and it can be seen from the graph that the super-surface antenna array of the embodiment of the invention shows good radiation characteristics, and the main polarization and cross polarization radiation patterns show ideal beam shapes, have main lobes with high gain and strong directivity and lower side lobe effects, so that the antenna can effectively concentrate energy in a specific direction.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any person who can obtain other various products under the teaching of the present application can make any changes in shape or structure, and all the technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present application fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging, comprising:
at least one super-surface antenna unit arranged in an array, wherein the super-surface antenna units are arranged from top to bottom:
A super-surface layer (10), wherein a patch group (11) for exciting a characteristic mode is paved on the surface of the super-surface layer, the patch group comprises a plurality of square patches (111) paved in a square area (100) and a plurality of right triangle patches (112) respectively arranged at the corners of the square area (100), at least one gap is etched on at least one square patch (111), the square patches (111) are divided into a first square patch without the gap, a second square patch with a single gap and a third square patch with two gaps are etched, wherein surface current in the X axis or Y axis direction exists on the second square patch, and surface current in the X axis direction exists on the third square patch;
A first dielectric layer (40);
a slotted ground plate (20) etched with a drum-shaped slot (21), wherein the length of the drum-shaped slot (21) is more than one half wavelength, the width of the two end sides of the drum-shaped slot (21) is more than the width of the middle side, and the width of the two end sides gradually becomes smaller towards the width of the middle side;
The feeder layer (30) comprises a long feeder (31) and a T-shaped power divider (32) arranged at the top of the long feeder (31), the long feeder (31) of the feeder layer (30) is perpendicular to the drum-shaped slot (21) and is positioned on the central axis of the drum-shaped slot (21), the T-shaped power divider (32) at the top of the long feeder (31) is provided with two parallel metal strips, and the left metal strip and the right metal strip of the T-shaped power divider (32) are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the drum-shaped slot (21) and are arranged relative to the slot space of the drum-shaped slot (21).
2. The dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 1, wherein a cross-shaped slot is etched on the third square patch, a slot arranged at a diagonal position is etched on the second square patch or a slot arranged obliquely is etched on the second square patch, the cross-shaped slot is positioned at a center position of the third square patch and is spaced from a boundary of the third square patch, lengths of a transverse slot and a vertical slot of the cross-shaped slot are the same, a single slot arranged at the diagonal position cuts the second square patch into two right-angled triangles with equal areas, a single slot arranged obliquely cuts the second square patch into two parts of trapezoids and triangles with unequal areas, and the slot is parallel to a diagonal line of the second square patch.
3. The dual band super surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 1, wherein the patch group (11) comprises 9 square patches (111) arranged in 3*3 arrays, wherein a third square patch is arranged at the position of the upper right corner and the position of the lower right corner of the 3*3 array, and a second square patch is arranged at the position of the upper left corner, the position of the lower left corner, the position between the upper right corner and the lower right corner, the position between the upper left corner and the upper right corner, the position between the lower left corner and the lower right corner of the 3*3 array.
4. The dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 1, wherein the right-angle sides of the right-angle triangle patches (112) of the patch group (11) are arranged in parallel with the sides of the diagonal positions of the square area (100), and two right-angle triangle patches (112) are arranged at each diagonal position of the square area (100).
5. The dual band super surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 1, comprising 2x 2 array arranged super surface antenna elements, the spacing between each super surface antenna element being greater than one half wavelength.
6. The dual-band super-surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 5, wherein the same as the feed line layer (30) of the super-surface antenna element forms the feed line layer of the dual-band super-surface antenna array, the feed line layer of the dual-band super-surface antenna array comprises a first impedance matching T-type power divider, a second impedance matching T-type power divider and a third impedance matching T-type power divider, wherein the second impedance matching T-type power divider and the third impedance matching T-type power divider are respectively connected to both end sides of the first impedance matching T-type power divider, the second impedance matching T-type power divider is connected to the strip feed line (31) of the feed line layer (30) of the two super-surface antenna elements on the left side, and the third impedance matching T-type power divider is connected to the strip feed line (31) of the feed line layer (30) of the two super-surface antenna elements on the right side.
7. The dual band super surface antenna array for radar imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum slots (21) of the feeder line layer (30) at 7GHz, 9GHz excite electric field distributions of half wavelength and full wavelength, respectively, the super surface antenna elements realizing dual bands of 7.0-9.1GHz and 10.3-11.9 GHz.
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| CN221805852U (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-10-01 | 航天长屏科技有限公司 | A gap waveguide structure, dual-frequency dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna and radar |
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| CN221805852U (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-10-01 | 航天长屏科技有限公司 | A gap waveguide structure, dual-frequency dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna and radar |
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